40:, of a spectral line and the continuum luminosity, L, in broad UV optical emission lines. This means that the ratio of brightness of the emission line to the brightness of the nearby continuum decreases with increasing luminosity of the continuum.
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Hönig, S. F.; Smette, A.; Beckert, T.; Horst, H.; Duschl, W.; Gandhi, P.; Kishimoto, M.; Weigelt, G. (2008). "Discovery of a strong
Baldwin effect in mid-infrared AGN lines".
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models, continuum beaming, variability, or continuum shape. An adequate, but not exclusive explanation is offered as a consequence of the presence of massive
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Baldwin, J. A.; Wampler, E. Joseph; Gaskell, C. Martin (1989). "Emission-line properties of optically and radio-selected complete quasar samples".
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in astronomy describes a relationship between continuum and emission-line fluxes observed in the electromagnetic spectra of
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C, decreased with increasing continuum luminosity of the source. For flat-spectrum, radio-loud quasars the relation
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quasars reported in 1977, and has been commonly named after the discoverer Jack Allen
Baldwin, an astronomer at
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line and the C III] (λ 1909) line of twice ionised carbon. It has also been found for spectral lines in the
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in the centres of active galaxies and quasars. However, a complete explanation is still outstanding.
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More or less satisfactory explanations of the phenomenon have been attempted using
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The same effect has been observed for other spectral lines such as the Ly-α
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411:"Quasars, cosmic evolution, and what I did on my spring vacation"
231:"Luminosity Indicators in the Spectra of Quasi-Stellar Objects"
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48:The effect was discovered in observations of high-
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177:Pogge, Richard W.; Peterson, Bradley M. (1992).
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179:"The intrinsic nature of the Baldwin effect"
121:{\displaystyle W_{\lambda }\propto L^{-2/3}}
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423:- Graph for the C IV λ 1549 spectral line
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368:"Quasar discs – I. The Baldwin effect"
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68:, caused by the presence of thrice
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447:Unsolved problems in astronomy
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272:Astrophysical Journal, Part 1
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345:10.1051/0004-6361:200810123
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315:Astronomy and Astrophysics
44:Discovery and observations
229:Baldwin, Jack A. (1977).
419:"Balwdwin (sic!) Effect"
56:. It was found that the
337:2008A&A...485L..21H
141:range, e.g. in several
393:10.1093/mnras/216.1.63
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26:active galactic nuclei
235:Astrophysical Journal
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183:Astronomical Journal
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384:1985MNRAS.216...63N
366:Netzer, H. (1985).
284:1989ApJ...338..630B
247:1977ApJ...214..679B
195:1992AJ....103.1084P
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442:Optical phenomena
437:Stellar phenomena
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58:equivalent width
54:Lick Observatory
34:equivalent width
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404:External links
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321:(2): L21–L24.
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60:of the broad
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32:between the
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278:: 630–653.
241:: 679–684.
149:Explanation
130:was found.
62:ultraviolet
431:Categories
165:References
328:0805.2151
300:0004-637X
213:0004-6256
103:−
95:∝
90:λ
353:10644382
139:infrared
135:hydrogen
50:redshift
413:. 1998.
380:Bibcode
333:Bibcode
280:Bibcode
243:Bibcode
191:Bibcode
70:ionised
22:quasars
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73:carbon
372:MNRAS
349:S2CID
323:arXiv
296:ISSN
209:ISSN
24:and
16:The
388:doi
376:216
341:doi
319:485
288:doi
276:338
251:doi
239:214
199:doi
187:103
36:, W
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38:λ
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