274:
318:. In "Balor on Tory Island" and its variant, the child is called Lui Lavada (Lui Longhand), and is recognized as an equivalent of Lugh. In the very similar Irish text "Balor agus Mac Cionnfhaolaidh", the child is Lugh FadlĂĄmhach, i.e., "Lugh the long-armed". In another variant, the child is called Dul Dauna, which has been explained as a corruption of
471:
subscribed to this notion. He suggests that the myth and others like it could be metaphors for yearly cycles of growth, death, and re-growth. Krappe hypothesized that the myth is of ancient origin, with Balor representing winter and the old year, confining the woman who represents the fertile earth.
311:, enters the tower, finds Ethnea and impregnates her. When she gives birth to three sons, Balor orders the three to be drowned, but one survives without Balor's knowledge. The grandson is fostered by the smith who is his uncle Balor eventually encounters his grandson by chance and is killed by him.
369:
began to wither, with the second the grass became copper-coloured, with the third the woods and timber began to heat, with the fourth smoke came from the trees, with the fifth everything grew red, with the sixth it sparked. With the seventh, they were all set on fire, and the whole countryside was
353:
It may be that this forehead eye should be interpreted as an "extra eye in the middle of his forehead" (one of three) as
Scowcroft puts it, otherwise Balor would be rendered blind most of the time. But Scowcroft does not specify the work to which he is alluding. Balor is explicitly three-eyed in a
2195:
Krappe footnotes thus (p. 4 n15): "But
Slavonic folk-lore knows of a similar monster, called Vy by the Servians. He 'lies on an iron couch.. and sends for 'twelve mighty heroes', and order them to take iron forks and lift up the hair about his eyes". But he erroneously made this an attestation of
576:
Krappe lists six elements that are found in other myths: the prophecy of being slain by his own descendant; the precaution of locking the daughter in a tower; the seduction of the daughter by a stranger, who needs to use magic to gain access; the birth of a boy and the attempt to drown him; the
523:
has been noted by several commentators, but for different reasons. Each is a giant whose eyelid takes several men to lift (using a ring handle vs. lifting with forks); each has a spear cast at him and loses an eye; and each is unwilling to give away his daughter to the bridal-quester.
334:"Balor himself may have one, two or three eyes, one of which is poisonous, incendiary, or otherwise malignant; he may have two eyes in front, one each in front and back, an extra eye in the middle of his forehead. Lugh always puts the evil eye out", as summarized by Mark Scowcroft.
214:
before he had a chance to use his destructive eye. Balor's eye wreaked destruction when opened, unleashing some "power of poison", but it took the strength of four warriors to lift the eyelid, by grabbing the ring (handle) attached to it. Lugh shot a
325:
The weapon used against Balor by his grandson may be a red-hot heated iron rod, or a special red spear crafted by the smith
Gaivnin Gow, the latter being of special interest to A. C. L. Brown who tries to establish connection to Arthurian lore.
2229:
vĂĄcÄmsi miĆrÄ kráčavÄmahai. Proceedings of the international conference of the
Society for Indo-European Studies and IWoBA XII, Ljubljana 4â7 June 2019, celebrating one hundred years of Indo-European comparative linguistics at the University of
365:) says that Balor was one-eyed, yet it was usually covered: "He had a single eye in his forehead, a venomous fiery eye. There were always seven coverings over this eye. One by one Balar removed the coverings. With the first covering the
478:
interprets Balor as personifying the harmful aspects of the sun, such as the scorching sun that would bring crop failure and drought. He speculates that the imagery of Balor is a conflation of a Bronze Age Celtic sun god with the Greek
391:
In "Balor on Tory Island" and the Irish text close to it, Lui Lavada (or Lugh) sets Balor's head on a rock, and a lake forms from the dripping pool of liquid. The Irish text does not specify location, but Curtin's tale in
English names
337:
In O'Donovan's version of the folktale above, Balor has one eye in the middle of the forehead, and a deadly eye on the back of his head. It is described as both venomous, and issuing some sort of petrifying beam with powers like unto a
447:. O'Donovan said that Balor was remembered "throughout Ireland". The Balor tales involving the magic cow were also being told plentifully elsewhere, particularly "South of Ulster". Morris stated he had collected "remnants" in
230:
Though not stated outright, the supposition is that Balor here is a "one-eyed giant". In one account of the battle, Lugh also killed a
Fomorian leader named Goll (meaning "one-eyed"), who may be a duplication of Balor. The
407:, which prompted a hero to ask how he did this. Balor, being duped by the trick, removed the glass from his eye long enough for the hero to put the eye out. The blood running from Balor's eye created a lake called
349:
In "Balor on Tory Island", Balor covers the eye in the middle of his forehead with nine leather shields, but Lugh (Lui Lavada "the
Longhand") sends a red spear crafted by Gavidin Gow through all the layers.
769:
Laoide's Irish text and Curtin's "Balor on Tory Island" have the same name for the protagonist Fionn Mac
Cionnfhaolaidh vs. Fin the son of Ceanfaeligh (Kinealy), and the plot-lines are similar throughout.
442:
Although the Tory Island version of the folktale printed by O'Donovan was influential, this may have misled the public with the impression that "Tory has almost a monopoly of Balor traditions", so argues
239:
his father's druids were brewing. O'Curry tantalizingly stated he was in possession of a manuscript with an alternate explanation on how Balor got his power, but does not elaborate due to lack of space.
42:, a group of malevolent supernatural beings, and considered the most formidable. He is often described as a giant with a large eye that wreaks destruction when opened. Balor takes part in the
227:, "stone from the sling") at the eye, which came out the other side and harmed the Fomorian army. Balor's falling body crushed 27 Fomorian soldiers, and his head struck their king Indech.
427:
The placing of Balor's stronghold on Tory Island derives from the medieval literature, which places the
Fomorians' stronghold there. On Tory Island there are geological features called
203:), while Indech mac De was the Fomorian king; the two of them leading the Fomorian army. Balor built for Bres the fort of Rath Breisi in Connacht, according to the rath-builder list.
588:, but unfortunately Krappe misreads Ralston and utterly confounds this "vy" with what is actually the "Aged One" character (or "old, old man", the witch's husband) in the Russian
1769:
342:. O'Curry deplored the dissemination of such a "peasantry" version, assisted by O'Donovan printing it. This second eye in the back does not preclude comparison with the one-eyed
1077:: "Kethlenda, the wife of Balar, gave Dagda.. a desperate wound from some missile weapon"; p. 23: "Lugad.. Mac Kethlenn, from is great grand-aunt, the wife of Balar".
828:, and popular legend has come to associate the castle with this Fomorian queen. Morris further contends that the village Glengevlin had been named after Balor's cow.
2621:
384:, after he was slain, Balor's severed head was set in the fork of an oak, and the tree which absorbed the venom became the timber-wood made into the shield of
625:
1623:
403:, Balor was said to have a glass through which he would look to destroy a person with his eye. He used the glass to burn and wither all of the plants at
54:. He has been interpreted as a personification of the scorching sun, and has also been likened to figures from other mythologies, such as the Welsh
1822:
467:
Some have interpreted Balor as symbolizing a solar deity of the old year, struggling with the solar god of the new year, namely Lugh. Folklorist
380:
1390:
243:
Another description of Balor's death, dating from at least the 12th century, says he survived the loss of his eye and was chased by Lugh to
2614:
247:. Lugh beheads Balor and sets the head on a large rock, which then shatters. This is said to be the origin of the headland's Irish name,
3237:
2347:
Math vab
Mathonwy: an inquiry into the origins and development of the fourth branch of the Mabinogi with the text and a translation
2607:
2269:
1134:
608:
Parallels have also been noted in the etymologies and mythic structures between Lugh's slaying of Balor and Loki's slaying of
659:
2225:"Gods who shine through the millennia: Old Norse Baldr, Celtic Belinos, Old Irish Balar, and PIE *bÊ°elH- 'be white, shine'"
1297:, p. 243 for paraphrases of this passage. Scowcroft writes the eye was "envenomed by vapours from druid concoctions".
747:
Variant: Kian son of Contje, though he is not the owner of the cow in that version, nor related to the smith who owns it.
285:. Balor hears a prophecy that he would be killed by his grandson. To avoid his fate, he locks his only daughter, Ethnea (
1395:"Gaelic Folk-Tales and MediĂŠval Romances: A Study of the Early Modern Irish 'Romantic Tales' and Their Oral Derivatives"
862:
199:, the Fomorians go to war against the Tuath DĂ©. Balor appears as champion of the Fomorians and king of the Isles (the
2311:
2160:
1914:
1108:
917:
289:), in a tower to keep her from becoming pregnant. Balor goes to the mainland and steals the magical cow of abundance
2213:
Sims-Williams, p. 138 n24: "Krappe seems to go further than Ralston in conflating the Russian and Serbian material".
297:
mac CĂĄinte) MacKineely/Cian learns he can only get the cow back when Balor is dead, and with the help of his female
2071:"The Earthworks, Traditions, and the Gods of South-Eastern Co. Limerick, Especially from Knocklong to Temair Erann"
688:
Buar-ainech means "cow-faced" according to Arbois de Jubainville, who encourages comparison with the Celtic deity
2552:
2146:
2114:
1782:
585:
1896:
899:
3428:
1865:
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c. 1900, and that these versions connected Balor and the cow Glasgaivlen with places as far afield as "south
281:
In folklore collected during the 19th century, Balor is a warrior or tyrant who is generally said to live on
2243:
637:, was named after Balor after a 315-million-year-old fossilised remnant of the sponge was discovered by the
2359:
2129::".. an Aged One, whose appearance is that of the mythical being whom the Servians call the Vy", cited by
507:(meaning "one-eyed"), Ăed (meaning "fire") and Aillen (the burner) stems from Lugh's conflict with Balor.
475:
2458:
2122:
1740:
1535:
1394:
2499:
2204:: "the witch's husband, who was lying on a bed of iron" et sqq. ("twelve mighty knights", "pitchfork").
2150:
702:
2070:
1139:"Gaelic Folk-Tales and MediĂŠval Romances:Les dieux cornus gallo-romains dans la mythologie irlandaise"
1361:
468:
2398:
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554:
argued that the name "Bellerophon" means "slayer of Belleros" and that this is another name for the
444:
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2283:
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903:
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believe that Lugh's slaying of Balor was originally a harvest myth associated with the festival of
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fostering of the boy, and the fulfillment of the prophecy by the boy killing his grandparent.
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558:. He asserts that both the Chimera and Balor are monsters that spew flame or thunderbolts.
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561:
However, de Jubainville (and others) also seized on another comparison: between Balor and
546:
O'Laverty also ventured that the name "Balor" may be linked to the name of the Greek hero
8:
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2678:
2155:. Vol. 3. illustrated by Aleksandr Kurkin. George Routledge & Sons. p. 59.
1906:
1553:
555:
3247:
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Ginevra, Riccardo (2020). RepanĆĄek, Luka; Bichlmeier, Harald; Sadovski, Velizar (eds.).
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Thusin Laoide's Irish version, Lugh FadlĂĄmhach's spear pierces seven coverings (Irish:
207:
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In the ensuing battle, the second Battle of Mag Tuired, Balor kills the Tuath DĂ© king
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says that Balor's eye gained its baleful power from exposure to the fumes from the
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573:, this neatly fits into the framework of identifying the Celtic Hermes with Lugh.
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2075:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature
1737:. Collected from Thomas O'Conor and originally transcribed in O'Donovan, O.S.L.
1714:
1545:
638:
528:
520:
452:
298:
153:
27:
2864:
1827:"The Seals and Armorial Insignia of Corporate and other Towns in Ulster (cont.)"
1500:
Brown, Arthur C. L. (August 1924), "The Grail and the English Sir Perceval. V",
597:("Ivan the Bull's Son"). In actuality, the heavy eyelid/eyebrow motif occurs in
303:
3216:
2464:
AnnĂĄla RĂoghachta Ăireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters
1949:
1639:
1531:
1329:. A history of Balor (told by Shane O'Dugan of Tory Island). pp. 18â20, note s.
566:
562:
504:
290:
268:
216:
3166:
2047:
2035:
1721:. ITS 7. For the Irish Texts Society, by D. Nutt. pp. xi, 34â38, 134â139.
1218:`with a polished (?) handle'. The meaning is speculative, cf. Stoke's note on
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2529:
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909:
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Balor is frequently legendized as living on Tory Island, but not necessarily.
492:
46:, and is primarily known from the tale in which he is killed by his grandson
2836:
2706:
2701:
784:
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3300:
2443:"The Fate of the Children of Tuireann ([A]oidhe Chloinne Tuireann)"
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236:
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539:, the King of Argos who was fated to be killed by his grandson, the hero
362:
282:
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2545:
2521:
2418:
2086:
2014:
1418:
1362:"Reviewed Work(s): Balor with the Evil Eye by Alexander Haggerty Krappe"
1154:
905:
Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition
277:
Tor MĂłr on Tory Island, the setting of some versions of Balor's folktale
2788:
2765:
2493:
825:
516:
244:
55:
3141:
2292:. Vol. 3. Chapman and Hall. pp. 806â808, 883â891, 1077â1078.
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Serbian lore, when in fact Ralston was paraphrasing from the Russian
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39:
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ed. tr. LGE ¶312, 118â121; ¶331â332, pp. 148â151; ¶364, pp. 180â181
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Since the mid-19th century, Balor has been likened to figures from
488:
480:
393:
339:
200:
163:
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with additional etymological parallels noted between the theonyms
569:. Since the destroyer of the former is Lugh, and of the latter is
308:
3252:
3085:
3042:
3006:
2903:
2811:
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2508:
Scowcroft, Richard Mark (1995), "Abstract Narrative in Ireland",
1999:"Remarkable Correspondence of Irish, Greek, and Oriental Legends"
1305:
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613:
540:
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366:
343:
59:
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2361:
Balor with the Evil Eye. Studies in Celtic and French Literature
1471:". pp. 283â295. (No. 13. Michael Curran, Gortahork, Co. Donegal)
139:
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286:
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1600:
1300:
1242:
701:
A later version of this list, in verse and prose, was made by
191:
The Mythological Cycle tells of a struggle between the divine
152:), but called Balor son of Buarainech in the list of renowned
3181:
3118:
3052:
2859:
2849:
2797:
2769:
2711:
2467:. Vol. 1. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. pp. 18â21.
2141:
2139:
1902:
The Sacred Isle: Belief and Religion in Pre-Christian Ireland
1044:
1042:
931:
929:
609:
580:
Krappe drew parallel between Balor with the supposed Serbian
252:
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2629:
2403:"Where Was Tor Inis, the Island Fortress of the Fomorians?"
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2041:
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1133:
315:
294:
264:
211:
196:
175:
131:
Balor first appears in the medieval texts that make up the
47:
2407:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
2136:
2025:
2023:
1039:
926:
2826:
1959:
1703:
1588:
2532:(1990), "Myths of Irishness: The Fomorian Connection",
2020:
1874:
1576:
1559:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
2244:"315 million-year-old fossil sponge found in Co Clare"
2200:. Compare with a modern rendering of the Russian tale
1745:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1277:
1236:
1212:
1208:
1195:
1097:"Lecture XIX The Rath builder and the Caiseal builder"
1075:. Vol. 2. tr. by Rev. James Hely. pp. 21â22.
1059:
1057:
803:
Or alternatively, a "tear" from the object he dropped.
543:. This parallel has been pursued at length by others.
1743:
1495:
1493:
1474:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1103:. Vol. 3. Williams and Norgate. pp. 14â15.
373:
156:- and castle-builders of the world, preserved in the
1791:
1332:
1087:
1085:
1083:
812:
Another piece of lore localized in southern Ulster (
435:("Balor's tower"), and a tall rock formation called
396:
Loch (in County Donegal, local to the storyteller).
314:
The unnamed grandson in the tale is recognizable as
1719:
Duanaire Finn: The book of the Lays of Fionn. pt. 1
1449:
1172:
1073:
Ogygia, or, A chronological account of Irish events
1054:
824:. The town was named after an island castle on the
794:) out of the nine coverings protecting Balor's eye.
2324:Cath Maige Tuired: The Second battle of Mag Tuired
1763:
1490:
1122:
210:, but Balor is himself killed by his own grandson
84:In the early literature he is also referred to as
2584:BlaĆŸek, VĂĄclav. "Balor â âthe blind-eyedâ?". In:
2478:"Stray Donegal Folk-Lore: Ballor of the Evil Eye"
2375:, vol. 1, London: Elliot Stock, pp. 1â9
2275:The Irish Mythological Cycle and Celtic Mythology
1542:. Dublin: Chonnradh na Gaedhilge. pp. 63â65.
1485:Balor of the Evil Eye and Lui Lavada his Grandson
1185:); ¶366, pp. 184â185; Poem LV, str. 32 on p. 237
1080:
820:in present-day Northern Ireland, to Balor's wife
3405:
1259:
1257:
2527:
2424:
2388:"Section VII: Invasion of the Tuatha De Danann"
1671:
1624:Stray Donegal Folk-Lore: Ballor of the Evil Eye
1487:". pp. 296â295. No. 14. Colman Grom, Connemara.
1294:
1248:
1101:On the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish
1891:
1889:
1063:
16:Chief king of the Fomorians in Irish Mythology
2615:
2457:
1996:
1954:Das keltische Britannien bis zu Kaiser Arthur
1809:
1606:
1326:
1265:Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero
1254:
1048:
422:
2059:
322:"master of all knowledge", Lugh's nickname.
195:and the demonic Fomorians. At the behest of
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535:. James O'Laverty noted the parallel with
361:But another version of the folktale (from
2507:
2145:
1981:
1965:
1858:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1634:
1632:
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660:Irish mythology in popular culture: Balor
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1009:
979:
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565:the many-eyed watchman of the white cow
415:(Lough Nasool, "lake of the eye"), near
272:
178:). Cethlenn is mentioned by name in the
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2222:
2113:
2104:
1847:
1841:
1731:
1683:
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1359:
1267:. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. pp. 10-11
816:region, which spans counties) connects
601:, but not specifically ascribed to the
499:. Ă hĂgĂĄin also believes that the hero
3406:
2551:
2397:
2354:
2296:
2130:
2098:
2029:
1945:
1880:
1860:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 164.
1797:
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2590:https://doi.org/10.1515/ZCPH.2001.129
2350:, The University of Wales Press Board
1499:
126:
2586:Zeitschrift fĂŒr celtische Philologie
2320:
2270:d'Arbois de Jubainville, Marie Henri
1536:"XIII Balor agus Mac Cionnfhaolaidh"
1353:
1135:d'Arbois de Jubainville, Marie Henri
1018:
988:
958:
675:
1787:. Vol. 2. E. Benn. p. 68.
1781:Muirhead, Litellus Russell (1967).
1764:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{F.14}}}
976:, pp. 100â101, glossary p. 113
13:
2578:
2372:West Irish Folk-tales and Romances
462:
374:Severed head and lake origin tales
100:(Balor, son of Dot son of NĂ©t) or
14:
3445:
2595:
1644:"Some notes on Homeric Folk-lore"
1366:The American Journal of Philology
846:
2321:Gray, Elizabeth A., ed. (1982).
2147:AfanasÊčev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich
138:Balor was the son of Dot son of
2261:
2236:
2216:
2207:
2189:
2092:
1971:
1939:
1923:
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1612:
1283:
806:
797:
772:
763:
750:
741:
732:
723:
708:
695:
682:
515:The parallel between Balor and
503:'s conflict with figures named
188:), but not as a wife of Balor.
2557:"The Second Battle of Moytura"
2054:d'Arbois de Jubainville (1903)
2042:d'Arbois de Jubainville (1903)
1715:"Poem XVI The Shield of Fionn"
1167:d'Arbois de Jubainville (1903)
329:
166:was Balor's wife according to
81:, meaning "the flashing one".
1:
2003:Ulster Journal of Archaeology
1831:Ulster Journal of Archaeology
1660:10.1080/0015587X.1908.9719822
1552:via Historical Irish Corpus (
1295:Sheeran & Witoszek (1990)
1249:Sheeran & Witoszek (1990)
857:. Hermes House. p. 102.
855:The Encyclopedia of Mythology
835:
616:and Belin (Slovenian deity).
96:(Balor of the piercing-eye),
2425:MĂŒller-Lisowski, K. (1923).
1024:The Second Battle of Moytura
994:The Second Battle of Moytura
964:The Second Battle of Moytura
840:
510:
7:
2588:52, no. 1 (2001): 129-133.
2392:Lebor gabĂĄla Ărenn, Part IV
1948:, p. 4 and note 15, citing
1181:ed. tr. LGE ¶314, 124â125 (
644:
399:According to folklore from
258:
92:(Balor the strong smiter),
10:
3450:
2369:Larminie, William (1893),
2246:. RTĂ News. 3 January 2024
1848:Simmons, Victoria (2006).
853:Cotterell, Arthur (2006).
703:Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh
459:off the coast of Dublin".
423:Localization of the legend
262:
104:(Balor, grandson of NĂ©t).
18:
3389:
3329:
3261:
3225:
3194:
3127:
3061:
3038:
3029:
2974:
2921:
2652:
2641:
2364:, New York, pp. 1â43
2306:. Boston: Little, Brown.
2284:Borlase, William Copeland
1997:O'Laverty, James (1859),
1442:" (told by John McGinty,
1360:Ogle, Marbury B. (1928),
469:Alexander Haggerty Krappe
431:("Balor's fortress") and
293:belonging to MacKineely (
123:(Balor of the Evil Eye).
2067:Westropp, Thomas Johnson
1934:The Festival of Lughnasa
356:William Hamilton Maxwell
98:Balor mac Doit meic NĂ©id
2534:Irish University Review
1069:"Part III, Chapter XII"
224:
65:
3366:Aided Chlainne Tuirenn
2433:. pp. 14â18, 321.
2342:Gruffydd, William John
2289:The Dolmens of Ireland
1765:
1689:"The Legend of Ballar"
1672:MĂŒller-Lisowski (1923)
1567:FoclĂłir GaeilgeâBĂ©arla
491:and the later tale of
378:According to a lay in
278:
21:Balor (disambiguation)
3429:Legendary Irish kings
2482:The Folk-Lore Journal
2303:Hero-tales of Ireland
1980:, p. 101n apud
1812:, p. 23, note x.
1766:
665:Viy#Folkloric sources
552:Arbois de Jubainville
354:version published by
276:
255:of NĂ©t's grandson").
3392:part of a series on
2573:via Internet Archive
2502:via Internet Archive
2431:Irische Volksmarchen
1909:. pp. 139â140.
1907:Boydell & Brewer
1741:
1693:Bentley's Miscellany
1469:Balor on Tory Island
483:. Both Ă hĂgĂĄin and
121:BalĂłr na SĂșile Nimhe
88:(Balor the smiter),
44:Battle of Mag Tuired
38:was a leader of the
19:For other uses, see
2232:. Hamburg: 189â208.
2056:, pp. 113â114.
2044:, pp. 115â116.
1622:, pp. 66â68. "
1312:, pp. 233â234.
1216:cona drolum omlithi
1145:, QuatriĂšme SĂ©rie,
1143:Revue Archéologique
1065:O'Flaherty, Roderic
626:Cyathophycus balori
620:Cultural references
3359:Aided Chlainne Lir
3338:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
2635:Mythological Cycle
2528:Sheeran, Patrick;
2384:Macalister, R.A.S.
2152:Ivan the Cow's Son
2124:Russian Folk Tales
2101:, p. 4 n15, p. 25.
1761:
1759:
1293:, p. 141 and
1263:Ă hĂgĂĄin, DĂĄithĂ.
912:. pp. 43â45.
386:Fionn mac Cumhaill
279:
225:cloch as a tĂĄbaill
181:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
133:Mythological Cycle
127:Mythological Cycle
90:Balor Balcbéimnech
3401:
3400:
3345:Cath Maige Tuired
3190:
3189:
3081:Fiacha CennfinnĂĄn
3025:
3024:
2567:: 52â130, 306â308
2115:Ralston, W. R. S.
2032:, pp. 10â16.
1883:, pp. 18â22.
1758:
1609:, pp. 18â21.
1565:Ă DĂłnaill (1977)
1179:Macalister (1941)
936:Macalister (1941)
676:Explanatory notes
531:, especially the
439:("great tower").
145:Cath Maige Tuired
142:according to the
3441:
3394:Celtic mythology
3248:LĂșin of Celtchar
3137:Amergin GlĂșingel
3076:Eochaid mac Eirc
3036:
3035:
3017:Tuan mac Cairill
2650:
2649:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2568:
2548:
2524:
2497:
2468:
2454:
2434:
2421:
2409:, Sixth Series,
2401:(30 June 1927),
2394:
2376:
2365:
2351:
2337:via sacred-texts
2328:
2317:
2298:Curtin, Jeremiah
2293:
2279:
2278:, Hodges, Figgis
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2111:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2018:
2017:
1994:
1985:
1982:Scowcroft (1995)
1975:
1969:
1966:Scowcroft (1995)
1963:
1957:
1943:
1937:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1897:Ă hĂgĂĄin, DĂĄithĂ
1893:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1819:
1813:
1810:O'Donovan (1856)
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1746:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1636:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1607:O'Donovan (1856)
1604:
1598:
1595:Scowcroft (1995)
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1563:
1557:
1543:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1502:Modern Philology
1497:
1488:
1478:
1472:
1462:
1447:
1440:The Gloss Gavlen
1433:
1422:
1421:
1411:10.2307/20521320
1387:
1381:
1380:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1330:
1327:O'Donovan (1856)
1324:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1291:Scowcroft (1995)
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1131:
1120:
1117:Book of Leinster
1114:
1089:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1052:
1049:O'Donovan (1856)
1046:
1037:
1036:, pp. 74â75
1016:
1007:
1006:, pp. 96â97
986:
977:
956:
939:
933:
924:
923:
900:Ă hĂgĂĄin, DĂĄithĂ
896:
869:
868:
850:
829:
810:
804:
801:
795:
776:
770:
767:
761:
758:ManannĂĄn mac Lir
754:
748:
745:
739:
736:
730:
727:
721:
712:
706:
699:
693:
686:
586:W. R. S. Ralston
457:Rockabill Island
449:Farney, Monaghan
417:Ballindoon Abbey
193:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
159:Book of Leinster
107:Later forms are
52:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
3449:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3434:Eyes in culture
3404:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3385:
3352:Tochmarc ĂtaĂne
3325:
3257:
3221:
3186:
3123:
3071:Aengus mac Umor
3057:
3021:
2970:
2917:
2655:
2644:
2637:
2631:Irish mythology
2628:
2598:
2581:
2579:Further reading
2576:
2553:Stokes, Whitley
2459:O'Donovan, John
2439:O'Curry, Eugene
2314:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2194:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2144:
2137:
2119:"Ivan Popyalof"
2112:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2021:
1995:
1988:
1978:Gruffydd (1928)
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1944:
1940:
1930:MacNeill, MĂĄire
1928:
1924:
1917:
1894:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1846:
1842:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1779:
1775:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1708:
1704:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1637:
1630:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1583:Larminie (1893)
1581:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1540:Cruach Chonaill
1532:Laoide, Seosamh
1529:
1520:
1498:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1463:
1450:
1436:Larminie (1893)
1434:
1425:
1388:
1384:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1333:
1325:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1132:
1123:
1111:
1093:O'Curry, Eugene
1090:
1081:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1040:
1017:
1010:
987:
980:
957:
942:
934:
927:
920:
897:
872:
865:
851:
847:
843:
838:
833:
832:
811:
807:
802:
798:
777:
773:
768:
764:
755:
751:
746:
742:
737:
733:
728:
724:
713:
709:
700:
696:
687:
683:
678:
647:
639:Cliffs of Moher
622:
529:Greek mythology
521:Welsh mythology
513:
476:DĂĄithĂ Ă hĂgĂĄin
465:
463:Interpretations
425:
376:
346:of Greek myth.
332:
299:familiar spirit
271:
261:
208:Nuada AirgetlĂĄm
129:
94:Balor Birugderc
68:
28:Irish mythology
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Fintan's Grave
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:Four Treasures
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3217:Glas Gaibhnenn
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3162:FĂ©nius Farsaid
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
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2969:
2968:
2963:
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2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2900:
2895:
2881:
2876:
2862:
2857:
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2847:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2763:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2597:
2596:External links
2594:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2561:Revue celtique
2555:, ed. (1891),
2549:
2540:(2): 239â250,
2530:Witoszek, Nina
2525:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2474:Kinahan, G. H.
2455:
2441:, ed. (1863),
2435:
2422:
2395:
2386:, ed. (1941),
2380:
2366:
2352:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2300:, ed. (1894).
2294:
2280:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2235:
2215:
2206:
2188:
2161:
2135:
2103:
2091:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2019:
1986:
1984:, p. 144n
1970:
1968:, p. 144.
1958:
1938:
1922:
1915:
1885:
1873:
1866:
1840:
1823:Vinycomb, John
1814:
1802:
1790:
1773:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1732:Borlase (1897)
1724:
1711:MacNeill, Eoin
1702:
1676:
1674:, p. 321.
1664:
1628:
1620:Kinahan (1887)
1611:
1599:
1597:, p. 143.
1587:
1585:, p. 251.
1575:
1558:
1518:
1489:
1473:
1448:
1423:
1382:
1352:
1331:
1314:
1310:O'Curry (1863)
1299:
1282:
1269:
1253:
1251:, p. 243.
1241:
1228:
1200:
1187:
1171:
1169:, p. 218.
1159:
1121:
1109:
1079:
1053:
1038:
1008:
978:
940:
925:
918:
870:
864:978-0681375819
863:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
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771:
762:
749:
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680:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
646:
643:
621:
618:
512:
509:
485:MĂĄire MacNeill
464:
461:
424:
421:
413:Lochan na SĂșil
375:
372:
331:
328:
291:Glas Gaibhnenn
269:Glas Gaibhnenn
260:
257:
128:
125:
109:Balor BĂ©imeann
86:Balor BĂ©imnech
74:may come from
67:
64:
58:and the Greek
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3446:
3435:
3432:
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3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Connla's Well
3294:
3292:
3291:BrĂș na BĂłinne
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
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3275:
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2926:
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2913:
2909:
2905:
2902:TrĂ DĂ© DĂĄna (
2901:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2889:
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2498:, alt links:
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2475:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2420:
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2400:
2399:Morris, Henry
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2356:Krappe, A. H.
2353:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2313:9781404724990
2309:
2305:
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2291:
2290:
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2281:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2245:
2239:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2203:
2202:Ivan Bykovich
2199:
2198:Ivan Bykovich
2192:
2184:
2172:
2164:
2162:9785050000545
2158:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:Krappe (1927)
2127:. p. 72.
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:Krappe (1927)
2095:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2030:Krappe (1927)
2026:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:Krappe (1927)
1942:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1916:9780851157474
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:Koch, John T.
1851:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1800:, p. 48.
1799:
1798:Morris (1927)
1794:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:W. H. Maxwell
1680:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1653:
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1625:
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1527:
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1494:
1486:
1482:
1481:Curtin (1894)
1477:
1470:
1466:
1465:Curtin (1894)
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:Achill Island
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:Bruford, Alan
1386:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1350:, p. 57.
1349:
1348:Morris (1927)
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1319:
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1163:
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1126:
1118:
1115:. Taken from
1112:
1110:9780876960103
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1051:, p. 18.
1050:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1034:Stokes (1891)
1031:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1004:Stokes (1891)
1001:
997:
995:
990:
985:
983:
975:
974:Stokes (1891)
971:
967:
965:
960:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
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937:
932:
930:
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919:9780132759595
915:
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910:Prentice Hall
907:
906:
901:
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845:
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819:
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800:
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787:
786:
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766:
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640:
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632:
628:
627:
617:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
599:Ivan Bykovich
596:
595:Ivan Bykovich
593:
592:
587:
584:mentioned by
583:
578:
574:
572:
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564:
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549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
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493:Saint Patrick
490:
486:
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438:
434:
430:
420:
418:
414:
410:
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402:
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371:
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357:
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345:
341:
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312:
310:
306:
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300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
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270:
266:
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254:
250:
246:
241:
238:
234:
228:
226:
222:
218:
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209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
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141:
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124:
122:
119:, 1685), and
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
102:Balor ua NĂ©it
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
77:
76:Common Celtic
73:
63:
61:
57:
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49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
3391:
3378:
3373:Immram Brain
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3301:Emain Ablach
2930:
2643:Supernatural
2585:
2569:, alt link:
2564:
2560:
2537:
2533:
2513:
2509:
2488:(1): 66â68.
2485:
2481:
2463:
2450:
2446:
2430:
2413:(1): 47â58,
2410:
2406:
2391:
2371:
2360:
2346:
2323:
2302:
2288:
2274:
2262:Bibliography
2248:. Retrieved
2238:
2228:
2218:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2151:
2123:
2094:
2081:: 141, 156,
2078:
2074:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2006:
2002:
1973:
1961:
1953:
1950:Windisch. E.
1941:
1933:
1925:
1901:
1876:
1857:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1783:
1776:
1727:
1718:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1679:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1561:
1546:1909 edition
1539:
1508:(1): 87â88,
1505:
1501:
1476:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1285:
1272:
1264:
1244:
1231:
1219:
1215:
1203:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1162:
1146:
1142:
1100:
1072:
1023:
993:
963:
904:
854:
848:
808:
799:
789:
783:
779:
774:
765:
760:the sea-god.
752:
743:
734:
725:
718:
714:
710:
705:, anno 1650.
697:
684:
641:in Ireland.
624:
623:
607:
605:by Ralston.
602:
598:
594:
589:
581:
579:
575:
560:
545:
526:
514:
474:
466:
445:Henry Morris
441:
436:
432:
428:
426:
412:
408:
401:County Sligo
398:
390:
379:
377:
360:
352:
348:
336:
333:
324:
319:
313:
304:leanan sĂdhe
302:
280:
249:Carn UĂ NĂ©it
248:
242:
237:magic potion
232:
229:
205:
190:
185:
179:
171:
157:
149:
143:
137:
130:
120:
116:
112:
108:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:
78:
71:
69:
35:
31:
25:
3380:Dindsenchas
3167:GoĂdel Glas
2992:Crom Cruach
2516:: 121â158,
2333:via CELT;
2179:|work=
2009:: 342â343,
1881:Krappe 1927
1735:pp. 806â808
1446:). pp. 1â9.
1278:fulacht (1)
1276:eDIL s.v. "
1235:eDIL s.v. "
1207:eDIL s.v. "
1194:eDIL s.v. "
1019:Gray (1982)
989:Gray (1982)
959:Gray (1982)
818:Enniskillen
651:Crom Cruach
548:Bellerophon
495:overcoming
433:TĂșr Bhalair
429:DĂșn Bhalair
363:County Mayo
330:Balor's eye
283:Tory Island
113:Balar Bemen
3424:Irish gods
3408:Categories
3284:Tech Duinn
3279:TĂr na nĂg
3269:Otherworld
2923:Fomhoraigh
2837:Mac Gréine
2766:Dian Cecht
2702:BĂ© Chuille
2327:. Drucker.
1867:1851094407
1654:(2): 173,
1640:Crooke, W.
1571:fadlĂĄmhach
1399:BĂ©aloideas
1372:(3): 297,
836:References
826:River Erne
517:Ysbaddaden
409:Suil Balra
263:See also:
245:Mizen Head
168:O'Flaherty
56:Ysbaddaden
3419:Fomorians
3414:Evil gods
3243:Fragarach
3233:Areadbhar
3195:Creatures
3152:Ăber Finn
3147:Ăber Donn
3129:Milesians
3048:PartholĂłn
3002:Mug Ruith
2845:Mac Cecht
2841:Mac Cuill
2717:Bodb Derg
2654:Tuatha DĂ©
2471:(Rehash)
2461:(1856) .
2453:: 157â240
2427:"4 Balor"
2331:full text
2250:4 January
2230:Ljubljana
2181:ignored (
2171:cite book
1771:, p. 205.
1699:: 527â530
1534:(1913) .
1119:fol. 27v.
841:Citations
788:; German:
780:bpilleadh
690:Cernunnos
655:Crom Dubh
511:Parallels
497:Crom Dubh
370:ablaze!"
221:Old Irish
70:The name
40:Fomorians
3321:Uisneach
3311:Teamhair
3274:Mag Mell
3212:Failinis
3202:Aes SĂde
3172:LĂĄmfhind
3109:Rudraige
3063:Fir Bolg
3031:Settlers
3012:Tlachtga
2982:Caillech
2941:Cethlenn
2865:MorrĂgan
2855:ManannĂĄn
2817:Fuamnach
2757:DelbĂĄeth
2697:BĂĄnĂĄnach
2546:25484361
2522:30007878
2476:(1887).
2447:Atlantis
2419:25513429
2358:(1927),
2344:(1928),
2286:(1897).
2272:(1903),
2149:(1946).
2117:(1873).
2087:25504213
2069:(1917),
2015:20563514
1956:, p. 159
1952:(1912),
1899:(1999).
1825:(1895),
1713:(1908).
1687:(1837),
1648:Folklore
1642:(1908),
1419:20521320
1393:(1966),
1155:41019629
1137:(1908),
1095:(1873).
1067:(1793).
1000:CMT §128
970:CMT §133
902:(1991).
822:Cethlenn
785:filleadh
645:See also
537:Acrisius
489:Lughnasa
453:Monaghan
394:Gweedore
340:basilisk
320:Ildanach
307:) named
259:Folktale
219:-stone (
201:Hebrides
164:Cethlenn
79:*Boleros
3316:Toraigh
3253:Uaithne
3142:BreogĂĄn
3099:Sengann
3086:Fodbgen
3007:Tailtiu
2904:Goibniu
2888:Nechtan
2812:Flidais
2761:Tuirenn
2737:Cermait
2645:figures
2494:1252515
2378:Alt URL
1936:. p.416
1856:(ed.).
1850:"Balor"
1784:Ireland
1405:: 162,
1220:omlithi
1213:omlithe
1183:Cetlenn
1149:: 6â7,
1030:CMT §50
814:Breifni
670:Belenus
631:species
614:Belenus
556:Chimera
541:Perseus
533:Cyclops
481:Cyclops
437:TĂłr MĂłr
405:Moytura
367:bracken
344:Cyclops
60:Cyclops
50:of the
3262:Places
3207:Enbarr
3157:ĂrimĂłn
3114:SlĂĄine
3104:Rinnal
3095:Genann
3043:Cesair
2987:Carman
2975:Others
2966:Tethra
2961:Ethniu
2956:Elatha
2951:Conand
2946:Cichol
2912:Luchta
2908:Credne
2892:Elcmar
2873:Nemain
2807:Fiacha
2784:Ernmas
2774:Airmed
2747:ClĂdna
2732:Brigid
2707:BĂ©ážinn
2687:Danand
2674:Aengus
2656:Danann
2633:: the
2544:
2520:
2492:
2417:
2335:e-text
2310:
2159:
2133:, p. 4
2085:
2013:
1913:
1864:
1618:Cf.
1550:e-text
1514:433319
1512:
1417:
1378:290097
1376:
1237:tĂĄball
1224:p. 122
1209:drolam
1153:
1107:
1028:, ed.
998:, ed.
968:, ed.
916:
861:
729:tĂĄball
635:sponge
591:skazka
571:Hermes
287:Eithne
172:Ogygia
117:Ogygia
3330:Texts
3226:Items
3182:Scota
3119:Sreng
3053:Nemed
2931:Balor
2884:Nuada
2860:Midir
2850:Macha
2802:FĂłdla
2798:Banba
2789:ĂtaĂn
2770:Miach
2752:Dagda
2727:Brian
2712:Boann
2664:AbcĂĄn
2542:JSTOR
2518:JSTOR
2490:JSTOR
2415:JSTOR
2083:JSTOR
2011:JSTOR
1852:. In
1837:: 119
1569:s.v.
1510:JSTOR
1415:JSTOR
1374:JSTOR
1151:JSTOR
1021:tr.,
991:tr.,
961:tr.,
791:HĂŒlle
610:Baldr
563:Argos
519:from
501:Fionn
309:BirĂłg
253:cairn
217:sling
72:Balor
36:Balar
32:Balor
3091:Gann
2997:Donn
2936:Bres
2898:Ogma
2879:Neit
2869:Badb
2794:Ăriu
2779:Ecne
2742:Cian
2722:Bres
2692:Ăine
2683:Danu
2571:text
2510:Ăriu
2500:text
2308:ISBN
2252:2024
2183:help
2157:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1289:See
1211:"; "
1196:neim
1105:ISBN
996:§128
966:§133
914:ISBN
859:ISBN
782:>
719:neim
629:, a
505:Goll
316:Lugh
295:Cian
267:and
265:Cian
212:Lugh
197:Bres
176:1685
154:rath
140:NĂ©it
66:Name
48:Lugh
3177:MĂl
2832:Lug
2827:Lir
2822:LĂ©n
2679:Anu
2669:Aed
2329:,
1755:.14
1656:doi
1554:RIA
1483:. "
1467:. "
1438:. "
1407:doi
1026:§50
756:Or
715:nem
633:of
455:to
411:or
233:CMT
186:LGE
170:'s
150:CMT
111:or
62:.
34:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.