1091:
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1039:
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199:
42:
1152:
1022:
51:
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614:
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5310:
890:
A decree on 6 March 1808 authorized the Bank to purchase the former mansion of the Count of
Toulouse in the rue de la Vrillière in Paris for its headquarters. The bank's head office subsequently expanded from that original property, through the acquisition and remodeling of adjacent buildings and in
712:
resolved to inject €3 trillion of liquidity into banks, allowing them in turn to support households and businesses, particularly with regard to urgent cash flow needs. In addition to membership in the
Eurosystem, the Banque de France is in charge of credit mediation. This service, which has been in
543:
and acquired capital from a number of
American and British banking syndicates to defend the franc from exchange-rate fluctuations. The Bank also began to hoard gold reserves and, at its peak, held 28.3 percent of the world's gold stock (only behind the United States at 30.4 percent). Some scholars
713:
very high demand during the crisis, provides assistance to companies facing difficulties in their relations with financial institutions. The Banque de France manages procedures to resolve overindebtedness, and while its premises are no longer open to the public, requests continue to be processed.
822:
from their bank. It also manages credit mediation (mediation between companies and their banks, their credit insurers, etc.) and proposes support to very small businesses (advice for their development and needs). The Bank of France publishes a number of economic surveys, national and regional
797:
It is in charge of offering services to households in severe financial difficulty. This includes the management of over-indebtedness (one of the major tasks of the local branches of the bank), and the guarantee to an access to basic banking services for everyone, such as the right to a basic
806:
of the general public, by developing an economic culture among specific populations (like youngsters and households in severe financial difficulty). This includes sensitizing high school students, providing online information and educational services, training
504:
On 22 April 1806, a new law replaced the
Central Committee with a Governor and two Deputy Governors. All three were appointed by the Emperor. On 16 January 1808, a decree set out the "Basic Statutes", which were to govern the Bank's operations until 1936.
1090:
1685:
1538:
538:
abroad to help pay for wartime expenditures. France abandoned the gold standard shortly after the outbreak of war. Debts amounted to approximately 42 billion francs by 1919. Following the war, the Bank sought to re-establish the
477:, whom they regarded as the restorer of order. As a reward for their support, Napoleon, in 1800, gave the bankers a monopoly over French finance by giving them control of the new Bank of France (Banque de France). Banker
1054:
1689:
Bazot, Guillaume, Michael D. Bordo, and Eric Monnet. "The Price of
Stability: The Balance Sheet Policy of the Banque de France and the Gold Standard (1880–1914)." NBER Working Papers. Number 20554. October 2014.
891:
the surrounding neighborhood. A major expansion occurred in 1924-1927 as part of an urban renewal project that entailed the demolition of several historical buildings and the creation of a new thoroughfare, the
1074:
836:, since 1 November 2015. He presides over the Bank's General Council, the body responsible for deliberating on all matters relating to non-Eurosystem activities. As of late 2023, the first deputy governor was
1005:
1106:
1546:
986:
1207:
322:
In 1803, financial power in France was in the hands of fifteen members of the Haute Banque, when the shareholders' meeting ratified the appointment of a “Council of
Regency” composed of
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438:
952:
4734:
1038:
582:
In 1993, the Bank of France was again reformed when it obtained independence from the state. It sought to establish credibility by promising to adhere to the single mandate of
379:
968:
267:
a month later. It saw great initial success, increasing industry 60% in two years, but Law's mercantilist policies saw him seek to establish large monopolies, leading to the
4295:
3387:
1568:
449:
148:
in 1800 as a private-sector corporation with unique public status. It was granted note-issuance monopoly in Paris in 1803 and in the entire country in 1848, issuing the
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936:
412:
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342:
903:
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and became a state-owned institution. Existing shareholders received bonds to replace their shares in the company. The Bank's statute was reformed in 1973.
496:, year XI (14 April 1803), the new Bank received its first official charter granting it the exclusive right to issue paper money in Paris for fifteen years.
401:
357:
5125:
4803:
5372:
368:
3046:
327:
4862:
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1385:
644:, the Bank would oversee the functioning of the payment system and conduct independent research on the French economy, while the newly established
679:
1485:
3482:
1923:
465:
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4252:
2832:
2398:
920:
The Bank of France commissioned the erection of branches in many French towns and cities, which are often prominent in the urban landscape.
3217:
1021:
721:
The Bank of France describes itself as responsible for three missions: monetary strategy, financial stability, and services to the economy.
4756:
4281:
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837:
882:
The Bank distributed dividends to the French state of 4.5 billion euros in 2016, 5.0 billion euros in 2017 and 6.1 billion euros in 2019.
4303:
924:
3837:
1793:
1412:
1121:
338:
5347:
3545:
2171:
1883:
Yee, Robert. "The Bank of France and the Gold
Dependency: Observations on the Bank's Weekly Balance Sheets and Reserves, 1898–1940."
167:
The Bank of France long held high prestige as an anchor of financial stability, especially before the monetary turmoil that followed
4219:
3571:
3508:
5192:
4064:
4033:
3315:
1997:
5313:
4257:
4242:
4092:
3854:
3784:
3581:
3147:
3039:
2546:
2531:
2448:
941:
928:
678:(the department in charge of regulating competition) fined eleven banks, including Bank of France, the sum of €384,900,000 for
1678:
Baubeau, Patrice. "The Bank of France's balance sheets database, 1840–1998: an introduction to 158 years of central banking."
1576:
4209:
2299:
5362:
5204:
3377:
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1970:
3889:
3072:
2653:
2416:
2072:
2062:
1957:
1669:
1510:
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The Bank recently established a "Lab", located on the Rue Réaumur in Paris, where start-ups and small businesses work on
1702:
Bordo, Michael D. and Pierre-Cyrille
Hautcoeur. "Why Didn't France Follow the British Stabilisation after World War I?"
535:
443:
186:
in 1941 and entrusted from the start to a separate body under the aegis of the Bank of France, which in 2013 became the
156:'s government nationalized the bank in 1945 after several governance changes in the meantime. It remained France's sole
5337:
4945:
4572:
4493:
4087:
3310:
2501:
1777:
1498:
1335:
1306:
1277:
1465:"The Bank of France and the Gold Dependency: Observations on the Bank's Weekly Balance Sheets and Reserves, 1898–1940"
4214:
3848:
3032:
2473:
2458:
1362:
927:, in a former branch in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. This followed comparable initiatives in Europe such as the
512:
in Paris, and this privilege was extended to other financially important cities and the rest of the country by 1848.
1709:
Bouvier, Jean. "The Banque de France and the State from 1850 to the
Present Day." in Fausto Vicarelli, et al. eds.,
5064:
4506:
3713:
3461:
2741:
2582:
2536:
1598:
818:
It provides company ratings for non-listed companies, which can for instance be used by business leaders to obtain
17:
5130:
1065:
811:
and the launch of the French Cité de l'économie et de la monnaie (Citéco), a museum based in the 17th district of
5232:
5186:
4830:
3978:
3935:
3466:
3092:
1822:
Managing the Franc
Poincaré: Economic Understanding and Political Constraint in French Monetary Policy, 1928–1936
1136:
384:
228:
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4726:
4632:
4598:
4118:
3940:
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2336:
1739:
Flandreau, Marc, 1996b, The French Crime of 1873: An Essay on the Emergence of the International Gold Standard,
1513:, Press Release of Autorité de la concurrence, République Française, 20 September 2010, retrv 20 September 2010
1197:
591:
553:
486:
463:. These powerful bankers, representative of the financial elite that would become referred to in France as the
95:
833:
769:(ACPR) which operates under its aegis. In 2018, the French financial sector was composed of 777 banks and 827
100:
5377:
4764:
4415:
3864:
3566:
2684:
2304:
2245:
2240:
1539:"Comment la Banque de France agit-elle pour soutenir l'économie face à la crise sanitaire du Covid-19 ?"
848:
256:
5153:
2326:
675:
4852:
4774:
4123:
3998:
3503:
3498:
3445:
3331:
3012:
2751:
2230:
2067:
454:
323:
1869:
Servais, Édmond. La Banque de France. Son histoire, son organisation, ses opérations. Cours Servais, 1949.
140:, the name used by the bank to refer to itself in all English communications) is the French member of the
4979:
4895:
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3920:
3812:
3488:
3451:
3414:
3403:
3372:
3102:
2869:
2589:
2463:
2453:
2201:
2042:
1990:
1966:
1744:
The Glitter of Gold: France, Bimetallism, and the Emergence of the International Gold Standard, 1848–1873
1732:
959:
705:
572:
428:
395:
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1891:
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3698:
3683:
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3222:
3182:
3172:
3137:
2780:
2701:
2468:
2378:
2357:
2057:
2047:
2037:
1814:
1667:
Accominotti, Olivier. "The Sterling Trap: Foreign Reserves Management at the Bank of France, 1928-19".
902:. It entailed the erection of a new complex for the bank above a large underground bunker known as the
4876:
1827:
Nishimura, Shizuya. "The French Provincial Banks, the Banque De France, and Bill Finance, 1890–1913."
1723:
Duchaussoy, Vincent. "Une Banque publique ? 1936 ou la mutation initiée de la Banque de France."
745:
peers, and manages the circulation of bank notes and coins. It also participates in the fight against
5342:
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5118:
5003:
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4820:
4425:
4097:
4013:
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3910:
3884:
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3107:
2960:
2716:
2631:
2604:
2521:
2316:
2161:
1398:
908:
750:
417:
286:("bank") so much that France abandoned central banking for almost a century, possibly precipitating
5098:
5031:
4511:
4476:
4340:
4003:
3993:
3925:
3869:
3817:
3789:
3735:
3693:
3636:
3576:
3279:
3127:
3112:
2541:
2511:
2116:
1885:
1680:
1151:
897:
636:. The body formed by the ECB, and the national central banks (NCB) of all the member states of the
617:
347:
4717:
1914:
549:
353:
5163:
4471:
4466:
4451:
4380:
4008:
3983:
3945:
3754:
3725:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3586:
3556:
3424:
3300:
3264:
3232:
3212:
3207:
3162:
3157:
3082:
2797:
2679:
2626:
2572:
2526:
2215:
1846:
1695:
Bignon, Vincent and Marc Flandreau. "The Other Way: A Narrative History of Banque de France." In
694:
749:, by training bank employees, merchants, police, and other stakeholders. It manages part of the
563:
In World War II, the Bank oversaw the transfer of gold reserves overseas, which mainly included
5357:
4951:
4910:
4883:
4793:
4658:
4565:
4529:
4350:
4345:
4050:
3968:
3740:
3667:
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3439:
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3177:
2902:
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2822:
2807:
2599:
2421:
2321:
1983:
1525:, Elena Bertson, Dow Jones News Wires / Wall Street Journal online, retrieved 20 September 2010
932:
556:
from 1926 to 1930, the Bank consolidated gold reserves created a stabilization insurance fund (
460:
406:
362:
5259:
5081:
4689:
4539:
4501:
4461:
4410:
4405:
4237:
4169:
4164:
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3703:
3688:
3606:
3539:
3523:
3518:
3476:
3337:
3254:
3167:
3152:
3117:
2827:
2817:
2609:
2433:
2341:
2276:
1841:
Plessis, Alain. "The history of banks in France." in Pohl, Manfred, and Sabine Freitag, eds.
1791:
1450:
Lever of Empire: The International Gold Standard and the Crisis of Liberalism in Prewar Japan
1423:
1202:
734:
645:
629:
595:
190:(French acronym ACPR). The ACPR lost its notional autonomy from the Bank of France in 2017.
4973:
4840:
4179:
3915:
3832:
3434:
3409:
3352:
3347:
3227:
2852:
2393:
2331:
2220:
2111:
1097:
516:
373:
295:
224:
4997:
1501:, Ralph S.J. Koijen, François Koulischer, Benoît Nguyen & Motohiro Yogo, February 2018
8:
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4605:
4456:
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3611:
3601:
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2892:
2812:
2766:
2643:
2636:
2616:
2577:
2489:
2281:
2250:
2225:
2191:
2093:
2088:
1769:
1730:
Flandreau, Marc. "Central Bank Cooperation in Historical Perspective: A Sceptical View."
1522:
1327:
1298:
1269:
733:, through macroeconomic research and forecast and by taking part in the deliberations on
668:
587:
528:
332:
268:
179:
1811:
Controlling Credit: Central Banking and the Planned Economy in Postwar France, 1948–1973
1699:, eds. Tor Jacobson and Daniel Waldenstrom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
682:, especially for extra fees charged during the transition from paper check transfer to "
251:
apiece. It was meant to stimulate France's stagnant economy and pay down its staggering
5283:
5270:
5264:
5249:
5214:
5199:
5113:
5048:
5009:
4825:
4798:
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4616:
3456:
3238:
3197:
3097:
2847:
2792:
2746:
2594:
2560:
2144:
803:
793:
The Bank of France provides services to households, businesses, and the French state:
474:
157:
145:
482:
5382:
5304:
5069:
5021:
4961:
4934:
4916:
4871:
4702:
4558:
4535:
4481:
4420:
4395:
3859:
3774:
3730:
3678:
3429:
3187:
2993:
2975:
2970:
2955:
2940:
2879:
2842:
2756:
2689:
2667:
2648:
2516:
2443:
2266:
2166:
2052:
2032:
2009:
1787:
1773:
1358:
1331:
1302:
1273:
1187:
1081:
1061:
914:
832:
The governor of the Bank of France is appointed by the president and is, as of 2019,
746:
683:
594:
from 1993 to 2003, was the final Governor of the Bank until the establishment of the
576:
470:
291:
236:
216:
153:
88:
4923:
4847:
1637:
1112:
5237:
5179:
5103:
4939:
4814:
4751:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4430:
4370:
4194:
3764:
3493:
3419:
3259:
3087:
2907:
2859:
2731:
2706:
2196:
774:
762:
641:
545:
493:
272:
183:
2369:
2208:
1878:
Les Régents et censeurs de la Banque de France nommés sous le Consulat et l'Empire
5254:
5148:
5091:
5086:
5043:
4985:
4787:
4779:
4707:
4684:
4365:
4360:
4149:
4144:
3894:
3874:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3551:
3397:
3305:
3202:
3192:
3122:
3077:
3002:
2965:
2950:
2945:
2887:
2802:
2362:
2103:
1962:
1797:
1143:
1045:
778:
738:
698:
664:
603:
599:
583:
473:. When the revolutionary violence got out of hand, they orchestrated the rise of
282:
The collapse of the Mississippi Company and the Banque Royale tarnished the word
260:
244:
131:
4640:
2348:
5173:
5074:
4956:
4929:
4593:
4390:
4375:
4313:
4308:
4159:
3988:
3879:
3827:
3673:
3641:
3357:
3342:
3274:
3269:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2736:
2271:
808:
637:
198:
172:
1766:
Millionaire: The Philanderer, Gambler, and Duelist Who Invented Modern Finance
1324:
Millionaire: The Philanderer, Gambler, and Duelist Who Invented Modern Finance
1295:
Millionaire: The Philanderer, Gambler, and Duelist Who Invented Modern Finance
1266:
Millionaire: The Philanderer, Gambler, and Duelist Who Invented Modern Finance
175:
referred to the Bank of France as "the centre of the world's monetary power."
5326:
5168:
4435:
4385:
4154:
4128:
3769:
3661:
3382:
3362:
3142:
3007:
2837:
2621:
2309:
1938:
1925:
1786:
Irwin, Douglas A. "The French Gold Sink and the Great Deflation of 1929–32."
1251:
Central Bank Cooperation at the Bank for International Settlements, 1930-1973
1158:
842:
568:
540:
478:
434:
252:
41:
640:, constitute the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). According to the
5037:
4304:
4073:
3024:
2721:
2426:
2383:
2183:
2154:
1192:
1179:
799:
729:
The Bank of France contributes to the design of the monetary policy of the
653:
544:
have asserted that this gold accumulation was a contributing factor to the
248:
149:
761:
The Bank of France participates in the prudential oversight of the French
5227:
4650:
4029:
3708:
2388:
2291:
2136:
168:
50:
1860:
La Banque de France et ses deux cents actionnaires sous le Second Empire
1834:
Jacoud, Gilles. "Crises et Apprentissage: La Banque de France en 1848,"
1691:
1674:
560:), and tested new monetary policies in the wake of a global depression.
4330:
2897:
2126:
742:
709:
690:
613:
508:
For the first fifteen years, the Bank of France was the sole issuer of
141:
2235:
859:
In 2019, the main key figures of the Bank of France are as follows:
770:
730:
509:
287:
232:
1872:
Sicsic, Pierre. "Was the franc poincare deliberately undervalued?,"
1499:
3rd Inspecting the Mechanism of Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area
1208:
Anti-money laundering framework for financial institutions in France
4581:
4324:
649:
607:
307:
203:
1749:
Flandreau, Marc. "Was the Latin Monetary Union a Franc Zone?." In
1228:
781:
and means, and publishes a periodical Financial Stability Review (
3746:
2149:
2017:
1573:
Covid-19 et économie, les clés pour comprendre – Banque de France
1543:
Covid-19 et économie, les clés pour comprendre – Banque de France
872:
Dividend distributed to the French state : 6.1 billion euros
520:
4042:
1975:
1758:
La Banque en France au xixe siècle : recherches historiques
632:(ECB), charged with steering the single monetary policy for the
2438:
2006:
1906:
1128:
819:
564:
1804:
La Banque supérieure : La Banque de France de 1800 à 1914
223:(Banque Générale Privée or "General Private Bank"), set up by
118:
1486:"The history of the Banque de France | Banque de France"
812:
621:
524:
240:
4550:
2711:
2121:
1863:
657:
633:
531:
established the LMU franc as a common bimetallic currency.
469:, were deeply involved in the agitations leading up to the
263:
in December 1718 at Law's request and formally renamed the
161:
4205:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
1523:
3rd UPDATE: French Watchdog Fines 11 Banks For Fee Cartel
1413:"The French Gold Sink and the Great Deflation of 1929–32"
958:
The Bank of France's main building built in the 1920s on
206:
on the bank's main entrance façade on rue de la Vrillière
1751:
International Monetary Systems in Historical Perspective
680:
colluding to charge unjustified fees on check processing
701:. The Bank is the first to set up a blockchain system.
1917:
The directors of Bank of France between 1800 and 1815.
515:
The Bank was also instrumental in the creation of the
188:
French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority
4200:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1711:
Central banks' independence in historical perspective
1697:
Sveriges Riksbank and the History of Central Banking
1169:
1032:, a nearby property also owned by the Bank of France
628:On 1 June 1998, a new institution was created, the
737:decisions, and implements it in France. It prints
1229:"The Organisation and Structure of Central Banks"
5324:
219:'s first experiment with a central bank was the
1452:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
1048:in Paris, used by the Bank of France since 1892
767:Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority
4032:(dependent) territories, former countries, or
1876:29(1) (1992): 69–92.* Szramkiewicz, Romuald.
1569:"Quel rôle pour la Médiation du crédit ?"
1248:
741:bank notes, in larger volumes than any of its
275:in 1720, and on 27 November of that year, the
255:acquired from Louis XIV's wars, including the
4566:
4289:
4253:Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean
4058:
3040:
1991:
1845:(Edward Elgar Publishing, 1994) pp: 185–296.
4263:Central banks and currencies of the Americas
4248:Central banks and currencies of Asia-Pacific
3054:
2367:
2346:
2206:
1963:Documents and clippings about Bank of France
1115:in Paris, lately the Bank of France's Museum
1027:
975:
171:. In 1907, Italian economist and statesman
5373:Financial regulatory authorities of France
4573:
4559:
4296:
4282:
4065:
4051:
3047:
3033:
1998:
1984:
1806:. Paris, Éditions Classique Garnier, 2010.
1746:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
1716:Du Camp, Maxime and Raphael-Georges Lévy.
869:Profit before tax : 6.5 billion euros
788:
49:
40:
1843:Handbook on the history of European banks
1575:(in French). 6 April 2020. Archived from
1545:(in French). 6 April 2020. Archived from
1392:
1080:Bank of France building at the corner of
1060:Bank of France building at the corner of
923:In 2019, the bank opened its museum, the
648:conducted monetary policy for the entire
534:In World War I, the Bank sold short-term
4220:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
1736:, New Series, 50, no. 4 (1997): 735–63.
1236:Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
1015:inside the Bank of France's main complex
802:. It is also in charge of financial and
612:
575:. In 1945, the Bank was nationalized by
197:
160:until end-1998, when France adopted the
1763:
1504:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1350:
1321:
1292:
1263:
1226:
339:Jean-Barthélemy Le Couteulx de Canteleu
14:
5325:
4804:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
4258:Central banks and currencies of Europe
4243:Central banks and currencies of Africa
4093:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
1831:, New Series, 48, no. 3 (1995): 536–54
1516:
1242:
1220:
1100:, corner of rue Saint-Antoine in Paris
929:Museum of the National Bank of Belgium
756:
4554:
4277:
4210:International Development Association
4046:
3028:
1979:
1713:(Walter de Gruyter, 1988) pp. 73–104.
1533:
1531:
708:and the ensuing economic crisis, the
5368:French companies established in 1800
5309:
1958:Banque de France, Minitel Connection
1824:. Cambridge University Press (1991).
1371:
1357:. New York: Macmillan. p. 515.
863:Number of full-time employees: 9,857
1718:La Banque de France et son Histoire
1704:European Review of Economic History
1670:European Review of Economic History
1447:
1344:
925:Cité de l'économie et de la monnaie
847:and the second deputy governor was
823:statistics, destined to businesses.
302:(from 1797 to 1803) used the word "
271:. The bubble ultimately burst in a
24:
4946:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
4088:Bank for International Settlements
1660:
1528:
1492:
875:Gold reserves: 106.1 billion euros
724:
598:in June 1998. Today, the ECB sets
519:in 1865. The countries of France,
235:. Law received the bank's 20-year
25:
5394:
5245:"China is a sleeping giant" quote
4215:International Finance Corporation
4072:
2005:
1897:
1410:
674:In 2010, the French government's
667:, the Bank of France implemented
5348:European System of Central Banks
5308:
5300:
5299:
4716:
4534:
4525:
4524:
4507:European System of Central Banks
4312:
1874:Explorations in Economic History
1853:Histoires de la Banque de France
1172:
1150:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1089:
1073:
1053:
1037:
1020:
1004:
985:
967:
951:
878:Gold stock in France: 2,436 tons
783:Revue de la Stabilité Financière
5187:Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker
4034:states with limited recognition
1907:Official site of Bank of France
1630:
1605:
1591:
1561:
1511:Collusion in the banking sector
1478:
1474:. Studies in Applied Economics.
1462:
1456:
1441:
481:drafted the first statutes and
4119:Contractionary monetary policy
2337:Government of National Defense
1915:Beginnings of Banque de France
1888:: Studies in Applied Economics
1838:(Dec. 2012) Issue 69, pp 27–37
1404:
1315:
1286:
1257:
1198:Governor of the Bank de France
980:on rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs
854:
499:
13:
1:
4416:Oesterreichische Nationalbank
2246:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
2241:War of the Spanish Succession
1253:. Cambridge University Press.
1213:
827:
716:
439:Pierre-Nicolas Perrée-Duhamel
300:Caisse d'escompte du commerce
257:War of the Spanish Succession
210:
4580:
4124:Expansionary monetary policy
1855:. Paris: Albin Michel, 2015.
885:
777:companies. It also monitors
671:for the account of the ECB.
314:("Bank of France") in 1800.
7:
5363:Banknote printing companies
4980:War of the Fourth Coalition
4190:International Monetary Fund
1967:20th Century Press Archives
1829:The Economic History Review
1733:The Economic History Review
1165:
1096:Bank of France building on
996:, prestige room inside the
960:rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs
834:François Villeroy de Galhau
596:European Central Bank (ECB)
573:French overseas territories
317:
290:'s economic crisis and the
101:François Villeroy de Galhau
10:
5399:
5289:Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
5154:Column of the Grande Armée
5016:War of the Sixth Coalition
4992:War of the Fifth Coalition
4968:War of the Third Coalition
4401:Central Bank of Luxembourg
2727:French subdivisions by GDP
2474:2022 presidential election
2459:2017 presidential election
1815:Cambridge University Press
1084:and Rue de Sèvres in Paris
676:Autorité de la concurrence
517:Latin Monetary Union (LMU)
193:
5338:Banks established in 1800
5297:
5213:
5141:
5119:Saint-Domingue expedition
5057:
5004:French invasion of Russia
4905:French Revolutionary Wars
4894:
4725:
4714:
4615:
4588:
4520:
4490:
4444:
4426:National Bank of Slovakia
4322:
4230:
4178:
4137:
4106:
4098:Financial Stability Board
4080:
4022:
3954:
3903:
3798:
3532:
3288:
3060:
2988:
2878:
2788:
2779:
2675:
2666:
2568:
2559:
2497:
2488:
2409:
2290:
2259:
2231:Second Hundred Years' War
2182:
2135:
2102:
2081:
2073:Liberalism and radicalism
2025:
2016:
1644:(in French). 31 July 2020
1401:, Encyclopædia Britannica
1351:Quigley, Carroll (1966).
751:foreign exchange reserves
620:of the Bank of France in
606:for all countries in the
450:Jacques-Florent Robillard
294:. Successors such as the
178:The French framework for
114:
107:Central bank of
106:
94:
83:
65:
57:
48:
39:
5032:Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
4628:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4512:European Investment Bank
4477:National Bank of Romania
4341:National Bank of Belgium
3838:Curaçao and Sint Maarten
3055:Central banks by country
2502:Administrative divisions
1886:Johns Hopkins University
1681:Financial History Review
1472:Johns Hopkins University
913:, designed by architect
424:Georges-Victor Demautort
298:(from 1776 to 1793) and
144:. It was established by
5164:Palace of Fontainebleau
4472:National Bank of Poland
4467:Hungarian National Bank
4452:Bulgarian National Bank
4381:Central Bank of Ireland
2722:Franc (former currency)
2327:Coup of 2 December 1851
2300:Long nineteenth century
1904:(in French and English)
1836:Entreprises et Histoire
1796:19 October 2018 at the
1764:Gleeson, Janet (2001).
1706:11, no. 1 (2007): 3–37.
1322:Gleeson, Janet (2001).
1293:Gleeson, Janet (2001).
1264:Gleeson, Janet (2001).
1249:Gianni Toniolo (2005).
937:Bundesbank Money Museum
789:Services to the economy
695:artificial intelligence
686:" electronic transfer.
380:Pierre-Léon Basterrèche
324:Jean-Frédéric Perregaux
71:; 224 years ago
4952:Battle of the Pyramids
4757:Assassination attempts
4659:Carlo Maria Buonaparte
4351:Central Bank of Cyprus
4346:Croatian National Bank
3582:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3068:Central African States
2742:Science and technology
2399:Provisional Government
2368:
2347:
2207:
1939:48.864478°N 2.339289°E
1028:
976:
933:Bank of England Museum
704:With the onset of the
625:
558:fonds de stabilisation
461:Jean-Conrad Hottinguer
413:Georges-Antoine Ricard
207:
135:
4502:European Central Bank
4462:Danmarks Nationalbank
4411:De Nederlandsche Bank
4406:Central Bank of Malta
4238:List of central banks
4170:Sovereign wealth fund
4165:Open market operation
3218:São Tomé and Príncipe
1880:. Genève: Droz, 1974.
1760:, Genève: Droz, 1970.
1753:, ed. J. Reis (1995).
1227:Weidner, Jan (2017).
1203:List of central banks
893:rue du Colonel-Driant
866:Regional branches: 95
684:Exchanges Check-Image
646:European Central Bank
630:European Central Bank
616:
354:Jacques-Rose Récamier
343:Joseph Hugues-Lagarde
310:retook the term with
227:at the behest of the
201:
182:was initiated by the
5378:Banks based in Paris
4974:Battle of Austerlitz
4831:Weaponry and warfare
2547:World Heritage Sites
2464:Coronavirus pandemic
1770:Simon & Schuster
1638:"Annual Report 2019"
1613:"Annual report 2017"
1328:Simon & Schuster
1299:Simon & Schuster
1270:Simon & Schuster
1098:Place de la Bastille
656:was replaced by the
610:, including France.
487:governor of the Bank
239:in May 1716 and its
119:www.banque-france.fr
5233:Cultural depictions
5027:Battle of Vauchamps
4747:Coup of 18 Brumaire
4606:First French Empire
4457:Czech National Bank
4356:Deutsche Bundesbank
4114:Capital requirement
3890:Trinidad and Tobago
3073:West African States
2685:Automotive industry
2469:2021 labor protests
2226:Peace of Westphalia
2094:History of Normandy
2089:History of Brittany
1944:48.864478; 2.339289
1935: /
1386:"Page de recherche"
1066:Rue de l'Université
931:(opened 1982), the
849:Agnès Bénassy-Quéré
757:Financial stability
669:quantitative easing
660:on 1 January 1999.
588:Jean-Claude Trichet
529:Swiss Confederation
402:Alexandre Barrillon
391:Jean-Auguste Sévène
358:Jean-Pierre Germain
312:la Banque de France
279:officially closed.
243:consisted of 1,200
231:after the death of
180:banking supervision
36:
27:French central bank
5271:Retour des cendres
5250:German Romanticism
5200:Rue de la Victoire
5114:Law of 20 May 1802
5049:Battle of Waterloo
5010:Battle of Borodino
4698:Caroline Bonaparte
4646:Alexandre Walewski
3855:Dominican Republic
2752:Telecommunications
2454:2015 Paris attacks
2317:Revolution of 1848
2145:Visigothic Kingdom
1727:681 (2017): 55–72.
1684:25, No. 2 (2018).
1673:13, No. 3 (2009).
1601:. 8 December 2016.
1429:on 19 October 2018
1411:Irwin, Douglas A.
804:economic education
626:
475:Napoleon Bonaparte
269:Mississippi bubble
208:
158:monetary authority
146:Napoleon Bonaparte
32:
5333:Economy of France
5320:
5319:
5215:Legacy and memory
5159:Equestrian statue
5142:Homes and honours
5070:Concordat of 1801
5022:Battle of Leipzig
4998:Battle of Eckmühl
4962:Battle of Marengo
4935:Battle of Bassano
4917:French Revolution
4799:Sale of Louisiana
4703:Pauline Bonaparte
4548:
4547:
4482:Sveriges Riksbank
4421:Banco de Portugal
4396:Bank of Lithuania
4334:
4271:
4270:
4040:
4039:
3843:Eastern Caribbean
3022:
3021:
2984:
2983:
2775:
2774:
2662:
2661:
2654:Political parties
2590:Foreign relations
2555:
2554:
2484:
2483:
2267:French Revolution
2221:Thirty Years' War
2202:Absolute monarchy
2167:Kingdom of France
2063:Foreign relations
2043:Political history
1788:Dartmouth College
1756:Gille, Bertrand.
1742:Flandreau, Marc.
1420:Dartmouth College
1188:Economy of France
1082:Boulevard Raspail
1013:Hôtel de Toulouse
998:Hôtel de Toulouse
977:Hôtel de Toulouse
915:Alphonse Defrasse
747:counterfeit money
706:COVID-19 pandemic
577:Charles de Gaulle
471:French Revolution
306:" instead, until
296:Caisse d'Escompte
292:French Revolution
217:Kingdom of France
164:as its currency.
154:Charles de Gaulle
124:
123:
89:French Government
16:(Redirected from
5390:
5343:Banque de France
5312:
5311:
5303:
5302:
5238:Napoleon complex
5180:Maison Bonaparte
5134:
5104:Organic Articles
4940:Battle of Rivoli
4896:Battles and wars
4880:
4866:
4815:Mesures usuelles
4743:
4720:
4690:Jérôme Bonaparte
4680:Lucien Bonaparte
4675:Joseph Bonaparte
4667:Letizia Ramolino
4575:
4568:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4445:Outside Eurozone
4431:Bank of Slovenia
4371:Banque de France
4329:(Members of the
4328:
4317:
4316:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4195:World Bank Group
4067:
4060:
4053:
4044:
4043:
3926:Papua New Guinea
3049:
3042:
3035:
3026:
3025:
2786:
2785:
2702:Economic history
2673:
2672:
2566:
2565:
2495:
2494:
2373:
2352:
2251:Seven Years' War
2216:Wars of Religion
2212:
2197:House of Bourbon
2192:Early modern era
2172:Fundamental laws
2048:Military history
2023:
2022:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1913:
1905:
1858:Plessis, Alain.
1851:Plessis, Alain.
1820:Mouré, Kenneth.
1802:Leclercq, Yves.
1783:
1725:Revue historique
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1642:Banque de France
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1618:. Bank of France
1617:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1579:on 18 April 2020
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1549:on 18 April 2020
1535:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1422:. Archived from
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1354:Tragedy And Hope
1348:
1342:
1341:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1154:
1139:
1124:
1109:
1093:
1077:
1057:
1041:
1031:
1024:
1008:
989:
979:
971:
955:
945:
935:(1988), and the
912:
901:
846:
775:mutual insurance
763:financial sector
642:Maastrict Treaty
546:Great Depression
458:
447:
432:
421:
410:
399:
388:
377:
366:
351:
336:
328:Guillaume Mallet
273:financial crisis
247:valued at 5,000
184:Vichy Government
137:Banque de France
79:
77:
72:
53:
44:
37:
35:Banque de France
31:
21:
18:Banque de France
5398:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5293:
5255:Napoleonic Code
5209:
5205:Warsaw monument
5149:Arc de Triomphe
5137:
5128:
5092:Infamous Decree
5087:Grand Sanhedrin
5065:Catholic Church
5053:
5044:Battle of Ligny
4986:Battle of Eylau
4911:Siege of Toulon
4890:
4874:
4860:
4788:Napoleonic Wars
4737:
4735:Stay in Auxonne
4727:Life and career
4721:
4712:
4708:Elisa Bonaparte
4685:Louis Bonaparte
4611:
4610:
4584:
4579:
4549:
4544:
4516:
4494:EU institutions
4492:
4491:Banking-related
4486:
4440:
4366:Bank of Finland
4361:Bank of Estonia
4327:
4318:
4311:
4302:
4272:
4267:
4226:
4181:
4174:
4145:Capital control
4133:
4102:
4076:
4071:
4041:
4036:
4018:
3956:
3950:
3936:Solomon Islands
3899:
3800:
3794:
3720:Northern Cyprus
3714:North Macedonia
3528:
3284:
3056:
3053:
3023:
3018:
3017:
2998:
2980:
2961:Public holidays
2874:
2833:Life expectancy
2771:
2658:
2551:
2480:
2449:Great Recession
2422:Fourth Republic
2417:1900 to present
2405:
2322:Second Republic
2286:
2255:
2178:
2131:
2098:
2077:
2012:
2004:
1954:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1798:Wayback Machine
1780:
1663:
1661:Further reading
1658:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1448:Metzler, Mark.
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1372:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1330:. p. 225.
1320:
1316:
1309:
1301:. p. 132.
1291:
1287:
1280:
1272:. p. 114.
1262:
1258:
1247:
1243:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1144:Bourg-en-Bresse
1140:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1058:
1049:
1046:Salle Ventadour
1042:
1033:
1025:
1016:
1009:
1000:
990:
981:
972:
963:
956:
939:
906:
895:
888:
857:
840:
830:
791:
779:payment systems
759:
727:
725:Monetary policy
719:
699:virtual reality
665:Great Recession
604:price stability
600:monetary policy
584:price stability
502:
483:Emmanuel Crétet
452:
441:
426:
415:
404:
393:
382:
371:
360:
345:
330:
320:
229:Duke of Orléans
221:Banque Générale
213:
196:
76:18 January 1800
75:
73:
70:
69:18 January 1800
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5396:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5318:
5317:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5225:
5223:Bank of France
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5183:
5176:
5174:Longwood House
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5012:
5007:
5000:
4995:
4988:
4983:
4976:
4971:
4964:
4959:
4957:Siege of Jaffa
4954:
4949:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4930:Battle of Lodi
4927:
4924:13 Vendémiaire
4920:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4853:2nd abdication
4850:
4848:Route Napoléon
4845:
4844:
4843:
4836:1st abdication
4833:
4828:
4823:
4821:Looting of art
4818:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:Constitutions
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4635:
4630:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4594:Napoleonic era
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4540:European Union
4532:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4391:Bank of Latvia
4388:
4383:
4378:
4376:Bank of Greece
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
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1463:Yee, Robert.
1459:
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601:
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569:United States
566:
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551:
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541:gold standard
537:
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479:Claude Perier
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277:Banque Royale
274:
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266:
265:Banque Royale
262:
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253:national debt
250:
246:
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61:Paris, France
60:
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5307: /
5269:
5222:
5185:
5178:
5038:Hundred Days
5036:
5014:
5002:
4990:
4978:
4966:
4944:
4922:
4915:
4903:
4813:
4786:
4694:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4641:Charles Léon
4637:
4633:Marie Louise
4624:
4025:
3847:
3747:Soviet Union
3745:
3718:
3666:
3631:
3544:
3504:Turkmenistan
3481:
3462:Saudi Arabia
3444:
3402:
3330:
3245:South Africa
3237:
3228:Sierra Leone
2903:Coat of arms
2893:Architecture
2865:Social class
2823:Homelessness
2808:Demographics
2762:Trade unions
2695:Central bank
2694:
2637:criminal law
2600:Human rights
2583:presidential
2427:Algerian War
2410:Contemporary
2384:Vichy France
2379:World War II
2349:Belle Époque
2282:First Empire
2184:Early Modern
2155:West Francia
1920:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1859:
1852:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1810:
1803:
1768:. New York:
1765:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1679:
1668:
1646:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1607:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:the original
1572:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1542:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1480:
1471:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1419:
1406:
1394:
1353:
1346:
1326:. New York:
1323:
1317:
1297:. New York:
1294:
1288:
1268:. New York:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1222:
1193:French franc
1180:Banks portal
1012:
997:
993:
922:
919:
889:
881:
858:
831:
800:bank account
792:
782:
765:through the
760:
753:of the ECB.
728:
720:
703:
688:
673:
662:
654:French franc
627:
581:
562:
557:
550:Émile Moreau
533:
514:
507:
503:
491:
466:Haute banque
464:
369:Carié-Bézard
321:
311:
303:
299:
283:
281:
276:
264:
261:nationalized
220:
214:
202:Allegory of
177:
166:
150:French franc
136:
127:
125:
58:Headquarters
29:
5228:Bonapartism
5129: [
5099:Protestants
4875: [
4861: [
4738: [
4651:Napoleon II
3921:New Zealand
3813:The Bahamas
3780:Switzerland
3704:Netherlands
3499:Timor-Leste
3452:Philippines
3388:North Korea
3383:South Korea
3296:Afghanistan
3250:South Sudan
3013:WikiProject
2828:Immigration
2818:Health care
2680:Agriculture
2632:enforcement
2389:Free France
2358:World War I
2305:Restoration
2292:Late Modern
2162:Middle Ages
2137:Middle Ages
2122:Celtic Gaul
1955:(in French)
1942: /
1912:(in French)
1890:. No. 128.
1648:18 December
1622:20 February
940: [
907: [
904:Souterraine
896: [
855:Key figures
841: [
500:Development
453: [
442: [
427: [
416: [
405: [
394: [
383: [
372: [
361: [
346: [
331: [
169:World War I
66:Established
5353:Eurosystem
5327:Categories
5260:Propaganda
4794:Coronation
4331:Eurosystem
3699:Montenegro
3684:Luxembourg
3562:Azerbaijan
3540:Eurosystem
3514:Uzbekistan
3489:Tajikistan
3378:Kyrgyzstan
3373:Kazakhstan
3306:Bangladesh
3239:Somaliland
3223:Seychelles
3198:Mozambique
3183:Mauritania
3173:Madagascar
3098:Cape Verde
2956:Philosophy
2941:Literature
2853:secularism
2649:Parliament
2444:2005 riots
2394:Liberation
2260:Revolution
2127:Roman Gaul
2112:Prehistory
2068:Journalism
1927:48°51′52″N
1862:. Geneva:
1599:"Missions"
1433:17 October
1214:References
1157:Branch in
1142:Branch in
1127:Branch in
1062:Rue du Bac
838:Denis Beau
828:Governance
815:, in 2019.
743:Eurosystem
717:Activities
710:Eurosystem
691:blockchain
571:, and the
527:, and the
510:bank notes
211:Background
142:Eurosystem
4858:2nd exile
4841:1st exile
4752:Consulate
4672:Brothers:
4638:Children:
4028:indicate
4024:Names in
4014:Venezuela
3964:Argentina
3911:Australia
3885:Nicaragua
3860:Guatemala
3679:Lithuania
3472:Sri Lanka
3467:Singapore
3446:Palestine
3332:Hong Kong
3188:Mauritius
2813:Education
2767:Transport
2617:Judiciary
2578:Elections
2532:Mountains
2490:Geography
2236:Louis XIV
2026:Overviews
1930:2°20′21″E
946:(1999).
886:Buildings
771:insurance
731:euro zone
288:Louis XVI
259:. It was
233:Louis XIV
84:Ownership
5383:Napoleon
5305:Category
5110:Slavery
4695:Sisters:
4599:timeline
4582:Napoleon
4325:Eurozone
4107:Policies
4004:Suriname
3994:Paraguay
3979:Colombia
3870:Honduras
3823:Bermuda
3818:Barbados
3765:Slovenia
3760:Slovakia
3731:Portugal
3647:Hungaria
3587:Bulgaria
3567:Austrian
3546:Abkhazia
3494:Thailand
3440:Pakistan
3420:Mongolia
3415:Maldives
3410:Malaysia
3321:Cambodia
3280:Zimbabwe
3260:Tanzania
3133:Ethiopia
3128:Eswatini
3113:Djibouti
3088:Botswana
3003:Category
2936:Language
2848:Religion
2793:Abortion
2747:Taxation
2644:Military
2605:Intersex
2595:Politics
2561:Politics
2363:Interwar
2058:Economic
2053:Language
2038:Timeline
1794:Archived
1166:See also
1068:in Paris
962:in Paris
650:Eurozone
608:Eurozone
592:Governor
554:Governor
548:. Under
494:Germinal
318:Creation
308:Napoleon
225:John Law
204:Prudence
96:Governor
5314:Commons
5284:Studies
4826:Tactics
4809:Holland
4664:Mother:
4656:Father:
4323:Within
4307:of the
4026:italics
4009:Uruguay
3984:Ecuador
3957:America
3946:Vanuatu
3904:Oceania
3875:Jamaica
3801:America
3790:Ukraine
3736:Romania
3694:Moldova
3657:Ireland
3652:Iceland
3637:Georgia
3627:Finland
3622:Estonia
3617:England
3612:Germany
3607:Denmark
3592:Croatia
3577:Belgium
3572:Belarus
3557:Armenia
3552:Albania
3519:Vietnam
3425:Myanmar
3398:Lebanon
3301:Bahrain
3265:Tunisia
3233:Somalia
3208:Nigeria
3203:Namibia
3193:Morocco
3163:Liberia
3158:Lesotho
3123:Eritrea
3103:Comoros
3093:Burundi
3078:Algeria
2994:Outline
2976:Theatre
2971:Symbols
2931:Gardens
2921:Fashion
2913:Cuisine
2880:Culture
2870:Welfare
2843:Poverty
2781:Society
2757:Tourism
2717:Exports
2690:Banking
2668:Economy
2627:history
2522:Islands
2517:Borders
2150:Francia
2104:Ancient
2082:Regions
2033:History
2018:History
1969:of the
1965:in the
1866:, 1982.
1817:, 2018.
1583:5 March
1553:5 March
1044:Former
521:Belgium
237:charter
194:History
115:Website
74: (
4625:Wives:
4617:Family
4182:system
4081:Global
3989:Guyana
3969:Brazil
3880:Mexico
3828:Canada
3785:Turkey
3775:Sweden
3755:Serbia
3741:Russia
3726:Poland
3709:Norway
3674:Latvia
3668:Kosovo
3642:Greece
3632:France
3597:Cyprus
3533:Europe
3483:Taiwan
3393:Kuwait
3368:Jordan
3358:Israel
3316:Brunei
3311:Bhutan
3275:Zambia
3270:Uganda
3213:Rwanda
3178:Malawi
3148:Guinea
3138:Gambia
3083:Angola
3061:Africa
3008:Portal
2908:Cinema
2888:Anthem
2860:Racism
2838:People
2732:Mining
2707:Energy
2542:Rivers
2507:Cities
2439:May 68
2010:topics
2007:France
1847:online
1776:
1361:
1334:
1305:
1276:
1129:Amiens
820:credit
697:, and
652:. The
567:, the
565:Canada
492:On 24
459:, and
304:caisse
284:banque
249:livres
245:shares
132:French
110:France
5277:Penis
5193:Milan
5133:]
5126:Women
5075:Tiara
5058:Views
4879:]
4872:Death
4865:]
4742:]
4231:Lists
3974:Chile
3955:South
3941:Tonga
3931:Samoa
3865:Haiti
3808:Aruba
3799:North
3770:Spain
3689:Malta
3662:Italy
3602:Czech
3524:Yemen
3477:Syria
3457:Qatar
3430:Nepal
3404:Macao
3363:Japan
3338:India
3326:China
3255:Sudan
3168:Libya
3153:Kenya
3143:Ghana
3118:Egypt
3108:Congo
2966:Sport
2951:Music
2946:Media
2803:Crime
2527:Lakes
1616:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1427:(PDF)
1416:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
1159:Brest
944:]
911:]
900:]
845:]
813:Paris
622:Paris
525:Italy
457:]
446:]
431:]
420:]
409:]
398:]
387:]
376:]
365:]
350:]
335:]
241:stock
5265:Tomb
4884:mask
4780:1815
4775:1804
4770:1802
4765:1799
3999:Peru
3916:Fiji
3833:Cuba
3435:Oman
3353:Iraq
3348:Iran
3289:Asia
2926:Flag
2712:Euro
2610:LGBT
1864:Droz
1774:ISBN
1650:2020
1624:2023
1585:2021
1555:2021
1435:2018
1359:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1064:and
992:The
773:and
739:euro
658:Euro
634:euro
215:The
162:euro
126:The
3509:UAE
2898:Art
2622:Law
1971:ZBW
785:).
735:ECB
618:ATM
489:.
5329::
5131:fr
4877:fr
4863:fr
4740:fr
1790:.
1772:.
1640:.
1571:.
1541:.
1530:^
1470:.
1418:.
1373:^
1234:.
942:de
917:.
909:fr
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