28:
1075:
765:
and its furnishings. If from these short fragments an opinion could be formed concerning the composition of the
Baraita, Zunz's assumption would be justified that it contained aggadah and halakhah numerically arranged. Another assumption of his, however, that it represents the "Mishnat R. Nathan"
750:, and was arranged in rubrics from one to forty-nine; so that each rubric, under the introductory formula "Middah," mentioned halakhic, aggadic, and, in general, scientific subjects which belonged in that particular place in regard to number".
884:, he maintains that this mathematical work, edited by him, is identical with the Baraita under consideration. Were this the case, the Baraita would be a product of the 9th or, at earliest the 8th century, and its birthplace would have to be
746:, was accustomed to group things arithmetically, and to arrange his sayings accordingly. On this basis, Zunz conjectured that "this lost work of R. Nathan contained a large portion of his
923:
has not been preserved in its entirety, and that in its original form there were references to the Bible for special points, is of no weight, since it is absolutely incomprehensible that
907:
has nothing in common with the
Baraita cited by the old scholars under that name: for the citations leave no doubt that the Baraita, even in its mathematical parts, was founded on the
753:
From the few fragments of this
Baraita preserved by the above-mentioned authors, only one fact pertaining to its character can be ascertained, viz., that it contained
1129:; the proofs for his assumption are not convincing, at least not for all the passages in Yalḳuṭ, the source of which he considers to be the Baraita);
1126:
862:
658:
900:, or משיחה = Arabic מסאחה for measure, area, show that the work could not have been written before the contact of the Jews with the Arabs.
955:
258:
878:
believed that he had put an end to all conjecture concerning the
Baraita through a happy find. In the introduction to an edition of
946:
on it, and that citations of the old scholars refer to the Gemara, whereas the printed text represents the
Mishnah (compare the
155:
1088:
855:
651:
1125:
idem, Sefer ha-Liḳḳutim, ii. 3 et seq. (Grünhut believes that he found more citations from the present
Baraita in
253:
447:
848:
644:
761:
matter, especially halakhic topic which involve exact measurement; for instance, the measurement of the
687:
which is no longer in existence except in references by later authorities. It is mentioned or cited by
1162:
206:
150:
472:
381:
1093:
343:
243:
560:
1122:, in Israelitische Monatsschrift (scientific supplement to Jüdische Presse), vii. 30–31, 1898;
950:
767:
727:
684:
288:
442:
363:
8:
888:. For, although the scientific terminology of this, the oldest, mathematical work of the
775:
358:
348:
338:
283:
19:
368:
353:
318:
1157:
896:
influences on Jewish scholarship, yet expressions like חץ = Arabic סהם ("arrow") for
880:
774:'s Mishnah differing from the authoritative Mishnah. Against Zunz's opinion, compare
522:
396:
238:
1107:
Abraham b. Solomon of Wilna, in the introduction to his edition of
Aggadat Bereshit;
916:
704:
696:
497:
427:
386:
308:
303:
94:
715:
590:
512:
432:
376:
132:
1084:
1008:
875:
712:
708:
568:
555:
517:
492:
467:
278:
119:
1151:
1079:
915:
is a purely secular work, and, possibly, it drew upon the same source as did
502:
437:
298:
293:
36:
27:
731:
624:
401:
934:
The same reason demolishes the hypothesis of the German translator of the
771:
391:
200:
1078: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1045:
Mishnat ha-Middot, die Erste
Geometrische Schrift in Hebräischer Sprache
1141:
762:
700:
581:
507:
1138:, in Wissenschaftliche, Zeitschrift für Jüdische Theologie, vi. 25–30;
1119:
1135:
885:
836:
734:
showed, by referring to a number of passages in the Talmud, that the
692:
1113:
928:
831:
819:
758:
739:
947:
939:
924:
897:
814:
809:
754:
747:
743:
735:
718:
61, calls it "Midrash"; Rashi on Exodus 27:6 calls it "Mishnah".
603:
313:
220:
80:
67:
62:
53:
943:
893:
826:
799:
676:
535:
99:
84:
1020:
908:
804:
688:
546:
195:
175:
931:
matter should fit into the frame of the work as it now is.
889:
919:, the oldest Arabic mathematician. The argument that the
903:
892:
shows its origin to have been in a time previous to
1132:
1101:
770:'s Mishnah was in all likelihood only a version of
1116:, Yeri'ot Shelomoh, pp. 22, 23, Warsaw, 1896;
1149:
1065:Mishnat ha-Midoth . . . ins Deutsche Uebersetzt
856:
652:
1083:
766:mentioned elsewhere, is highly improbable;
721:
863:
849:
659:
645:
956:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
259:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
1057:Abhandlung zur Geschichte d. Mathematik,
781:
1110:idem, Rab Pe'olim, pp. 86 et seq.;
1150:
1061:Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik,
156:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
13:
14:
1174:
1089:"Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules"
1087:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
1102:Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
1097:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1073:
26:
938:, who assumes that there was a
673:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
254:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
249:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
969:
730:as the author of the Baraita.
1:
962:
448:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
7:
1011:l.c. on the seventy nations
621:Targum to the Five Megillot
10:
1179:
207:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
151:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
722:Authorship and character
1094:The Jewish Encyclopedia
344:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
244:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
201:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
188:Numbers and Deuteronomy
999:2d ed., pp. 95–97
561:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1144:, in Ha-Ḥoker, i. 35.
685:rabbinical literature
289:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
176:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
630:Targum to Chronicles
443:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
364:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
1063:1880; H. Schapira,
738:R. Nathan, in both
359:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
349:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
339:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
284:Lamentations Rabbah
44:Talmudic literature
20:Rabbinic literature
987:ed. Königsberg, 6a
726:Ibn Ezra mentions
369:Deuteronomy Rabbah
354:Alphabet of Sirach
319:Megillat Antiochus
1163:Lost Jewish texts
1059:in Supplement to
936:Mishnat ha-Middot
921:Mishnat ha-Middot
913:Mishnat ha-Middot
905:Mishnat ha-Middot
881:Mishnat ha-Middot
873:
872:
784:Mishnat ha-Middot
776:Eliakim Milsahagi
669:
668:
636:
635:
598:
597:
576:
575:
530:
529:
523:Smaller midrashim
480:
479:
455:
454:
409:
408:
397:Baraita of Samuel
326:
325:
266:
265:
239:Seder Olam Rabbah
215:
214:
183:
182:
163:
162:
127:
126:
107:
106:
100:Babylonian Talmud
75:
74:
1170:
1098:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
973:
917:Mohammed b. Musa
865:
858:
851:
789:
788:
705:Asher ben Jehiel
697:Abraham ibn Ezra
661:
654:
647:
600:
599:
578:
577:
543:
542:
498:Yalkut haMachiri
482:
481:
457:
456:
428:Midrash Tehillim
411:
410:
387:Midrash Proverbs
328:
327:
309:Seder Olam Zutta
304:Leviticus Rabbah
268:
267:
228:
227:
185:
184:
165:
164:
140:
139:
133:Halakhic Midrash
109:
108:
95:Jerusalem Talmud
77:
76:
50:
49:
30:
16:
15:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1148:
1147:
1104:
1085:Singer, Isidore
1074:
1071:
1070:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1035:pp. 4b, 7b
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
869:
792:Rabbinical eras
787:
724:
683:) is a work of
681:ברייתא מ"ט מדות
665:
612:Targum Tehillim
591:Targum Jonathan
565:Fragment Targum
513:Midrash HaGadol
433:Midrash Hashkem
377:Pesikta Rabbati
221:Aggadic Midrash
120:Minor Tractates
39:
12:
11:
5:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1069:
1068:
1049:
1047:(Berlin, 1864)
1037:
1025:
1013:
1009:Yalkut Shimoni
1001:
989:
977:
975:(ed. Berliner)
967:
966:
964:
961:
911:; whereas the
876:Steinschneider
871:
870:
868:
867:
860:
853:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
834:
829:
824:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
794:
793:
786:
780:
723:
720:
713:Yalkut Shimoni
667:
666:
664:
663:
656:
649:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
632:
631:
628:
622:
619:
616:
615:Targum Mishlei
613:
607:
606:
596:
595:
594:
593:
585:
584:
574:
573:
572:
571:
569:Targum Neofiti
566:
563:
558:
556:Targum Onkelos
550:
549:
539:
538:
532:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
520:
518:Numbers Rabbah
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
493:Yalkut Shimoni
487:
486:
478:
477:
476:
475:
473:Sefer haYashar
470:
468:Midrash Tadshe
462:
461:
453:
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
422:
416:
415:
407:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
382:Midrash Shmuel
379:
374:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
333:
332:
324:
323:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
279:Genesis Rabbah
273:
272:
264:
263:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
233:
232:
224:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
211:
210:
203:
198:
190:
189:
181:
180:
179:
178:
170:
169:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
145:
144:
136:
135:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
89:
88:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
46:
45:
41:
40:
33:Talmud Readers
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1175:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1080:public domain
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1005:
998:
993:
986:
981:
972:
968:
960:
958:
957:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
866:
861:
859:
854:
852:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
798:
797:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
779:
777:
773:
769:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
719:
717:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
662:
657:
655:
650:
648:
643:
642:
640:
639:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
609:
608:
605:
602:
601:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
583:
580:
579:
570:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
534:
533:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:Midrash Jonah
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
488:
484:
483:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
463:
459:
458:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
438:Exodus Rabbah
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
413:
412:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:Devarim Zutta
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
334:
330:
329:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Midrash Iyyob
297:
295:
294:Esther Rabbah
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
274:
270:
269:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
218:
208:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:
187:
186:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
167:
166:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
130:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:
111:
110:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:
86:
82:
79:
78:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:Adolf Behrman
34:
29:
25:
24:
21:
18:
17:
1092:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1016:
1004:
996:
992:
985:Yesod Moreh,
984:
980:
971:
954:
935:
933:
920:
912:
904:
902:
898:sinus versus
879:
874:
783:
752:
725:
680:
672:
670:
625:Targum Sheni
618:Targum Iyyov
460:1000–1200 CE
402:Targum Sheni
248:
32:
757:as well as
707:. Rashi on
424:Eichah Zuta
414:900–1000 CE
392:Ruth Rabbah
1152:Categories
1142:A. Epstein
963:References
763:Tabernacle
508:Ein Yaakov
331:650–900 CE
271:400–600 CE
1136:A. Geiger
951:R. Nathan
942:with the
886:Babylonia
837:Acharonim
768:R. Nathan
728:R. Nathan
693:Tosafists
627:to Esther
421:Ruth Zuta
231:Tannaitic
168:Leviticus
54:Tannaitic
1158:Baraitot
1114:S. Buber
929:halakhic
832:Rishonim
820:Savoraim
759:halakhic
740:halakhah
1120:Grünhut
1082::
940:Mishnah
925:aggadic
815:Amoraim
810:Tannaim
755:aggadic
748:Mishnah
744:aggadah
716:Genesis
604:Ketuvim
582:Nevi'im
314:Tanhuma
81:Amoraic
68:Tosefta
63:Mishnah
1127:Yalḳuḳ
1033:RABIH,
1023:, l.c.
953:, and
944:Gemara
894:Arabic
827:Geonim
800:Chazal
711:26:5,
709:Exodus
703:, and
701:Yalḳut
691:, the
677:Hebrew
536:Targum
143:Exodus
85:Gemara
1021:Rashi
997:G. V.
948:tanna
909:Bible
805:Zugot
772:Akiva
736:tanna
689:Rashi
547:Torah
485:Later
196:Sifre
112:Later
890:Jews
782:The
742:and
732:Zunz
671:The
959:).
927:or
35:by
1154::
1091:.
778:.
699:,
695:,
679::
864:e
857:t
850:v
675:(
660:e
653:t
646:v
209:)
205:(
87:)
83:(
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