185:
265:
42:
137:
1829:
193:
yellow (ripe) and red. Red
Bartletts or Williams are very similar to the traditional Williams, aside from ripening to a reddish colour rather than a yellow colour. Red-skinned mutant clones (i.e. "sports") of the Williams are increasing in popularity, including three major varieties in the US: the Max Red Bartlett, the Sensation Red Bartlett, and the Rosired Bartlett. One study of several macrosatellite loci in 63 European Pear (
1839:
1599:
128:. The fruit has a bell shape, considered the traditional pear shape in the west, and its green skin turns yellow upon later ripening, although red-skinned derivative varieties exist. It is considered a summer pear, not as tolerant of cold as some varieties. It is often eaten raw, but holds its shape well when baked, and is a common choice for canned or other processed pear uses.
1230:
164:, England, schoolmaster named John Stair, giving rise to the now-obscure synonyms 'Aldermaston' pear and 'Stairs' pear. A nurseryman named Williams later acquired the variety, and after introducing it to the rest of England, the pear became known as the Williams Pear. However, the pear's full name is Williams' Bon Chretien, or "Williams' good Christian."
203:
Best when picked with the internal pressure of the pear is between 110 and 120 kPa (16 and 18 psi), the pear should still be green and relatively hard when picked. Optimum conditions for ripening are in dry shady areas, and ripening usually takes 7 to 10 days from when the pear was picked.
192:
The pear exhibits a pyriform "pear shape," with a rounded bell on the bottom half of the fruit, and then a definite shoulder with a smaller neck or stem end. Williams are aromatic pears, and have what many consider the definitive "pear flavour". Colours of the pear vary from green (when unripe), to
175:
of
Dorchester, Massachusetts. Unaware of their origin, Bartlett named the pears after himself and introduced the variety into the United States. It was not realised that Bartlett and Williams Pears were the same until 1828, when new trees arrived from Europe. By that time the Bartlett variety had
199:
L.) cultivars did not distinguish Max Red
Bartlett and Sensation Red Bartlett from the standard Williams, which was expected since the red mutants were derived from the Williams by mutation. Dozens of other cultivars and hybrids have been created from Williams, created for properties like cold
159:
of France had called to his deathbed as a healer in 1483. Francis offered the king a pear seed from his native
Calabria with instructions to plant and care. Hence the pear tree was called "Good Christian". The Williams pear is thought to date from 1765 to 1770 from the yard of an
288:
While more pears are sold fresh in the US than processed, Bartlett pears are the primary choice for canned halves, puree, and most pear juice and nectar in the US, comprising about two-thirds of
Bartlett production. Bartletts are traditionally known as the
1135:, similar to Poire Williams but often with a higher alcohol percentage. Some producers of viljamovka include an entire pear inside each bottle. This is achieved by attaching the bottle to a budding pear tree so that the pear will grow inside it.
245:
The leaves are simple, glossy green leaves that alternate on the twig. They grow up to 8 cm (3 in) long, are thick with slight midrib curves folding the edges inwards. They have fine teeth on the
212:
Pear trees are usually productive for 50 to 75 years though some still produce fruit after 100 years. A Bon Chrétien tree planted around 1630 in
Danvers, Massachusetts is still producing fruit today.
204:
As the pear ripens the color will slowly change to a soft yellow and the pear will soften. Commercially produced pears are normally picked and shipped to the stores while green.
176:
become vastly popular in the United States, and they are still generally known as
Bartlett pears in the US and Canada, although there are about 150 other synonyms worldwide.
277:
In 1985, this variety represented 80% of US pear production while in 2004 it represented 50% of reported pear production, displaced primarily by the continuing growth of
240:
Large, golden yellow skin, brownish red blush, classic shape with smooth, white flesh. Harvest from mid-August to mid-September (Northern
Hemisphere).
167:
In 1799 James Carter imported several
Williams trees into the United States, and they were planted on the grounds of Thomas Brewer in Roxbury,
1174:
1204:
1214:
1254:
1231:"Characterization of variability and genetic similarity of European pear using microsatellite loci developed in apple"
1814:
1471:
1809:
616:
For several decades, the
Williams pear has been used actively as a parent in the production of new varieties:
17:
293:
pear due to their "definitive flavor and sweetness," making them well-suited for many forms of processing.
1439:
1276:
1768:
1131:
The pear is also very popular in the western Balkans, where it is distilled into a brandy known as
145:
1775:
1306:
1875:
1842:
1490:
1178:
1799:
1151:
Valerie Ayres, "Under the Stars?" John and Frances West Family Group newsletter February 2005
1880:
1793:
1624:
1568:
1533:
1014:
857:
184:
151:
The origins of this variety are uncertain. "Bon Chrétien" (Good Christian) is named after
8:
1666:
1464:
1313:. (Website.) Germ Resources Information Network (GRIN), page 5. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
232:
1631:
1508:
1750:
1722:
1680:
1588:
1311:
Crop Germplasm Committee: Report and genetic vulnerability statement, September 2004"
1210:
1258:
1729:
1673:
1645:
1638:
1573:
1238:
1125:
152:
1242:
41:
1715:
1617:
1543:
1538:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1261:. (Website). Germ Resources Information Network (GRIN). Retrieved 2 October 2007.
1101:
741:
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603:
570:
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1117:
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538:
195:
172:
120:
72:
1860:
478:
264:
1869:
1743:
1736:
1687:
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168:
156:
125:
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136:
1701:
1345:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 83, page 875
1121:
1598:
1578:
1563:
1498:
200:
resistance, ripening time, skin colouration, and grafting compatibility.
161:
93:
46:
The Williams pear. An 1822 print from the Horticultural Society of London
1528:
1132:
278:
1503:
282:
115:
80:
285:
pears, both winter pears more tolerant of cold than the Bartlett.
1377:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 89
1368:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 83
1359:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 68
290:
66:
933:
224:
1804:
58:
52:
1480:
1284:
1449:
301:
List of some "sports" or mutants of the Williams pear.
218:
4.5–6 m (15–20 ft) with slightly less spread
1440:"Review: Belle de Brillet Liqueur - Drink Spirits"
1305:U.S. Department of Agriculture. (September 2004.)
171:. The Massachusetts estate was later acquired by
1867:
1419:Clark, Finn. HortScience. Vol. 41(5):1101-1133
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1465:
1410:Brooks, Olmo. HortScience. Vol. 29(9):942-969
1271:
1269:
1267:
1861:Video footage of a Williams Pear in a bottle
1229:WĂĽnscha, A., and I. Hormaza. (5 June 2007).
1198:
1196:
1154:
1472:
1458:
1264:
40:
1193:
1116:The Williams pear is used in making both
1437:
1394:
1392:
1355:
1353:
1351:
263:
183:
135:
1428:Gasic. HortScience Vol. 55(7):1164-1201
1406:
1404:
1341:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1206:Classic Papers in Horticultural Science
179:
14:
1868:
1202:
259:
251:300–1,500 m (1,000–5,000 ft)
114:in the United States and Canada, is a
1453:
1389:
1348:
1175:"Pears - Yellow Bartlett - USA Pears"
713:Laxton Brothers/Bedfordshire, England
694:Laxton Brothers/Bedfordshire, England
675:Laxton Brothers/Bedfordshire, England
272:
1838:
1401:
1336:
1316:
1255:National Clonal Germplasm Repository
1111:
118:(cultivated variety) of the species
24:
1597:
25:
1892:
1854:
506:Maroon red on picking-ripe fruit.
1837:
1828:
1827:
1815:World Apple and Pear Association
1203:Janick, Jules (1 January 2000).
924:William H. Griggs/California, US
488:James W. Sweeney/ California, US
296:
1438:Kleinman, Geoff (3 June 2013).
1431:
1422:
1413:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1259:" NCGR-Corvallis Pyrus Catalog"
772:Robert Patterson/California, US
406:deep yellow with golden russet
1810:Tottori Nijisseiki Pear Museum
1299:
1248:
1223:
1177:. 14 July 2007. Archived from
1145:
921:1959/1975 Patented 27 Aug 1974
188:French red and green varieties
13:
1:
1333:Silbereisen, Obstsorten-Atlas
1243:10.1016/j.scienta.2007.02.002
611:
7:
1398:HortScience. Vol. 10(5):476
1245:. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
1237:, vol. 113 (1), pp. 37–43,
1029:R.L. Bell/Kearneysville, US
986:S.H. Hjeltnes/Sweden,Norway
848:Robert C. Lamb/New York, US
223:White flowers grouped in a
10:
1897:
1386:HortScience Vol. 10(5):477
659:Packham (Packhams Triumph)
388:Stephen G. Nye/ Oregon, US
131:
106:pear, commonly called the
96:, UK between 1765 and 1770
1823:
1785:
1760:
1609:
1595:
1489:
1479:
1092:J.R. Breach/Great Britain
794:Butirra Precoce Morettini
256:Orchards and landscaping
89:
79:
65:
51:
39:
34:
1138:
656:C.H. Packham / Australia
451:1945 Patented 1 Jul 1947
146:Ulysses Prentiss Hedrick
124:, commonly known as the
1277:"The DeLange Home Page"
517:Crisafulli/ Montana, US
207:
1769:Pyrus Ă— bretschneideri
1603:
1235:Scientia Horticulturae
905:F.C. Reimer/Oregon, US
417:Sensation Red Bartlett
269:
189:
148:
104:Williams' bon chrétien
1800:List of pear diseases
1776:Pyrus Ă— sinkiangensis
1601:
1128:, an infused cognac.
1083:US plant patent 17624
1061:US plant patent 17387
697:Laxton´s Satisfaction
623:Cross made/Introduced
604:US plant patent 18515
571:US plant patent 10325
485:1948, Introduced 1963
267:
187:
142:The Pears of New York
139:
1794:Herefordshire Pomona
1569:Stinking Bishop pear
1067:Patented 17 Apr 2007
1045:Patented 30 Jan 2007
1020:US plant patent 6245
939:US plant patent 3599
762:Josephine de Malines
539:US plant patent 4169
180:Physical description
140:Bartlett pear, from
1209:. Blackburn Press.
1002:Patented 9 Aug 1988
875:Tetraploid Bartlett
819:Marguerite Marillat
665:Uvedals St. Germain
647:Plant Patent Number
479:US plant patent 741
391:Nye Russet Bartlett
353:Plant Patent Number
260:Production and uses
233:Northern Hemisphere
1604:
995:Colorée de Juillet
628:Originator/Country
509:Plant patent 2012
313:Originator/Country
273:US pear production
270:
231:April–May (in the
190:
155:, a holy man whom
149:
1851:
1850:
1625:P. armeniacifolia
1589:Winter Nelis pear
1534:Doyenné du Comice
1216:978-1-930665-06-4
1112:Distilled spirits
1109:
1108:
1048:White/New Zealand
716:Laxton´s Progress
609:
608:
548:Biehn/ Oregon, US
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
1888:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1667:P. elaeagrifolia
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1444:
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1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
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1366:
1360:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1334:
1331:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:on 8 August 2013
1283:. Archived from
1281:ww82.delange.org
1273:
1262:
1252:
1246:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1171:
1152:
1149:
1126:Belle de Brillet
1076:Max Red Bartlett
1070:Hart/New Zealand
1054:Max Red Bartlett
1035:Max Red Bartlett
1011:Max Red Bartlett
930:Max Red Bartlett
911:Max Red Bartlett
619:
618:
589:Associated Fruit
497:Fowler Nurseries
491:Rosired Bartlett
457:Max-Red Bartlett
304:
303:
238:Fruit and seeds:
153:Francis of Paola
44:
32:
31:
21:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1819:
1781:
1761:Natural hybrids
1756:
1632:P. boissieriana
1605:
1593:
1544:Huntington pear
1539:Harovin Sundown
1524:Conference pear
1514:Churchland pear
1485:
1478:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
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1397:
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1194:
1184:
1182:
1181:on 14 July 2007
1173:
1172:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1114:
838:Beurré Superfin
703:Beurré Superfin
684:Beurré Superfin
678:Laxton´s Superb
614:
365:Russet Bartlett
299:
275:
262:
252:
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236:
227:
219:
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134:
47:
35:'Williams' pear
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1894:
1884:
1883:
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1876:Pear cultivars
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1855:External links
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1786:Related topics
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1754:
1751:P. ussuriensis
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1723:P. salicifolia
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1681:P. korshinskyi
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1554:Parsonage pear
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173:Enoch Bartlett
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121:Pyrus communis
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73:Pyrus communis
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1731:
1730:P. serikensis
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
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1699:
1697:
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1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1674:P. hakkiarica
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:P. calleryana
1643:
1641:
1640:
1639:P. bourgaeana
1636:
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1584:Williams pear
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1574:Taylor's gold
1572:
1570:
1567:
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1549:Le Conte pear
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1004:
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985:
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837:
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831:
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764:
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749:
748:
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743:
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735:Bristol Cross
734:
731:
728:
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724:
721:
718:
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712:
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634:Marketed/Name
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
583:Carolina Gold
582:
579:
576:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
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550:
547:
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387:
384:
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378:Golden russet
377:
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297:Named mutants
294:
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217:
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174:
170:
169:Massachusetts
165:
163:
158:
157:King Louis XI
154:
147:
143:
138:
129:
127:
126:European pear
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:Bartlett pear
109:
108:Williams pear
105:
95:
92:
88:
84:
82:
78:
75:
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68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
27:Pear cultivar
19:
18:Bartlett pear
1792:
1774:
1767:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1716:P. pyrifolia
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1618:P. anatolica
1616:
1583:
1481:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1308:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
1280:
1250:
1234:
1225:
1205:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1147:
1130:
1122:fruit brandy
1115:
1098:Red Williams
989:Celina(QTee)
967:South Africa
951:Harrow Sweet
872:Merton Pride
810:New York, US
722:Marie Louise
646:
642:Other Parent
641:
633:
627:
622:
615:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
323:Mutated From
322:
317:
312:
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300:
287:
276:
253:
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220:
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211:
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194:
191:
166:
150:
141:
119:
111:
107:
103:
101:
71:
57:
29:
1881:Aldermaston
1709:P. pyraster
1695:P. oxyprion
1653:P. communis
1579:Warden pear
1564:Seckel pear
1499:Abate Fetel
1291:20 February
1185:20 February
957:Purdue 8051
889:Santa Maria
878:Hardenpont
577:26 Feb 2008
545:14 Apr 1998
514:27 Dec 1977
318:Market Name
162:Aldermaston
94:Aldermaston
1870:Categories
1744:P. syriaca
1737:P. spinosa
1688:P. nivalis
1660:P. cordata
1559:PĂŞra Rocha
1509:Choke pear
1133:viljamovka
1095:Misty Rose
1079:Nijisseiki
1057:Nijisseiki
1032:Shenandoah
927:California
742:Conference
527:semi-dwarf
414:/Australia
400:more spicy
249:Elevation:
144:(1921) by
85:'Williams'
1702:P. pashia
1504:Bosc pear
1491:Cultivars
1038:US 56 112
1026:1977/2003
1005:Reimer/US
983:1985/1997
973:Bon Rouge
964:1974/1990
908:Canal Red
845:1944/1974
775:El Dorado
769:1931/1945
691:1902/1927
672:1901/1913
612:Offspring
595:more tart
535:red blush
463:MacKelvie
454:Moritz/US
110:, or the
1833:Category
1519:Concorde
1102:Concorde
992:Bartlett
970:Rosemary
954:Bartlett
892:Bartlett
854:Bartlett
851:Highland
835:Bartlett
816:Bartlett
797:Bartlett
778:Bartlett
759:Bartlett
738:Bartlett
719:Bartlett
700:Bartlett
681:Bartlett
662:Bartlett
592:standard
586:Bartlett
559:standard
554:Bartlett
551:Cinnamon
522:Bartlett
494:Bartlett
466:standard
460:Bartlett
328:Assignee
254:Habitat:
221:Flowers:
116:cultivar
81:Cultivar
1843:Commons
1610:Species
1529:D'Anjou
976:Forelle
914:Forelle
869:England
829:England
732:England
638:Parent
562:sweeter
469:sweeter
362:/Canada
343:Texture
291:canning
279:d'Anjou
246:margin.
243:Leaves:
216:Height:
132:History
67:Species
1213:
1124:, and
1089:2007/?
1073:Prem1P
1051:Prem2P
1015:Comice
1008:Reimer
948:Canada
945:1965/?
934:Comice
902:?/1974
895:Coscia
858:Comice
826:?/1974
813:Aurora
807:?/1964
800:Coscia
756:Gorham
750:?/1923
729:1920/?
600:russet
567:russet
403:firmer
338:Flavor
268:Brandy
225:corymb
90:Origin
1805:Perry
1482:Pyrus
1309:Pyrus
1139:Notes
886:Italy
791:Italy
472:finer
436:Eller
348:Color
333:Habit
59:Pyrus
53:Genus
1602:Pear
1293:2024
1211:ISBN
1187:2024
1120:, a
832:Beth
788:1956
653:1896
530:good
430:1942
411:1940
385:1924
359:1908
308:Date
283:Bosc
281:and
208:Tree
102:The
1239:doi
883:?/?
866:?/?
710:?/?
475:red
433:/US
1872::
1403:^
1391:^
1350:^
1338:^
1318:^
1279:.
1266:^
1257:.
1233:.
1195:^
1156:^
753:US
1473:e
1466:t
1459:v
1442:.
1307:"
1295:.
1241::
1219:.
1189:.
781:?
632:'
235:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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