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941:. During the Middle Ages great rivalry existed between Maastricht's two religious chapters. At several occasions the chapter of Saint Servatius complained about the fact that the canons at Our Lady's showed their relics in the open air, which only St Servatius' was allowed to do. The relics display, especially at the time of the
367:
started shortly after 1000 AD. In the 13th century the nave received Gothic vaults. Around 1200 the canons abandoned their communal lifestyle, after which canons' houses were built in the vicinity of the church. In the 14th century a parish church was built next to the collegiate church, so the main
842:
monastery. In 1801 it was moved to the former parish church of Saint
Nicholas, adjacent to Our Lady's. After the closure of that church in 1837, the statue moved to Our Lady's. In 1903 it was placed in a Gothic chapel near the main entrance where it remains today and where it is daily visited by
716:, as well as various kinds of animals, monsters, birds, naked or scarcely dressed humans entangled in foliage, and humans fighting with animals. One capital in particular is famous as it was signed 'Heimo', probably by its maker who may also be represented on it, handing over a capital to the
976:
during the tumultuous period after the French conquest of
Maastricht in 1794. Other pieces were sold for personal gain or given away. Even as late as 1837, the church lost two of its most precious possessions out of ignorance. A 10th-century reliquary in the shape of a
937:), which at one point was located in the Tower of Saint Barbara (also the church's archives). It is believed that the choir gallery of Our Lady's was specifically built in the 12th century for the public showing of the recently acquired relics from
483:(several of which are 19th-century copies). The east crypt is a century older. During the building campaign the original plan for the eastern part of the church was abandoned and a new scheme, based on the newly finished choir of
1053:
Three reliquary horns: one made of cattle horn with silvered lead furnishings (Scandinavia, 10th century), one of ivory with red copper furnishings (Southern Europe, 14th or 15th century) and one made of wood (Germany, 15th
724:
of the choir gallery, as well as the capitals in the nave, are of a slightly later date and less vivid, depicting mainly foliage with some human and animal figures. Most of the carved capitals, as well as some important
630:(1798-1837). In 1380 the church had 33 altars but most of the medieval church inventory got lost in the turbulence that followed the arrival of the French in 1794. A precious baptismal font by the Maastricht metalworker
779:
1622:
395:. This situation continued until 1837 when the church was restored to the religious practice. This coincided with the demolishing of Saint Nicholas Church and the transfer of the parish to Our Lady's.
831:. The floor of the cloisters is paved with monumental grave stones, some of them from the demolished Saint Nicholas Church. In 1910 a tower of the Roman castrum was found in the cloister garden.
583:
Although the interior of the church underwent many changes throughout the centuries, it has an 'authentic' Romanesque feel to it. This is largely due to the restoration ideas of the architect
402:. Cuypers basically removed everything that did not fit his ideal of a Romanesque church. Parts of the east choir, the two choir towers, and the south aisle were almost entirely rebuilt.
1113:
791:
285:, suggests that the site was once occupied by a Roman temple. It is not unlikely that the town's first church was built here and that this church in the 4th or 5th century became the
1724:
1615:
729:
elsewhere in the church, date from the second half of the 12th century. A close relationship has been established between the
Romanesque sculpture in Our Lady's and that in the
1931:
95:
1608:
587:, who had several of the larger Gothic windows replaced by small Romanesque windows, thus creating a darker, 'mystical' atmosphere. Cuypers also removed the white
599:
style. Despite all these changes, the turbulent history of the building is still legible. Some murals dating from the Middle Ages have survived (including one of
1036:
and ancient fabrics used for wrapping relics; antique books and manuscripts; paintings, prints and sculptures; and some archeological finds. The highlights are:
336:. Until the end of the chapter in 1798 it maintained its strong ties with Liège. Parishioners of Our Lady's were identified in old documents as belonging to the
861:
1844:
2019:
1994:
1829:
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1137:
1671:
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372:, very little remains as it was demolished in 1838. Apart from Saint Nicholas Church, the parish made use of three other chapels dedicated to
2014:
2009:
1811:
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445:. Our Lady's in Maastricht indeed has a tall, massive westwork and two pseudo-transepts on each side. The westwork, built of carbonic
1765:
1640:
1068:
or reliquary purse (France, 15th century). In 1913 there were 8 textile bursas in the treasury (some 13th century); all but one lost.
1202:
972:
Today the church treasure is only a fraction of what it once was. Many gold and silver objects were melted down in order to pay for
1839:
1816:
294:
1775:
1719:
827:
elements in 1558/59. They replaced the older
Romanesque cloisters, of which some capitals have survived in the collection of the
1821:
1911:
274:
research has ever been carried out inside the building, nothing certain can be said about this. The church's site, inside the
2004:
1796:
1656:
901:
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church. The 18th-century
Baroque altar, now in the southern transept, is from the former Church of Saint Nicholas. The large
1921:
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1005:. In some cases the reliquaries were lost but the content (the relics) was saved. This is the case with the so-called "
611:
dates from 1571. The large ceiling painting in the choir is Neo-Romanesque and dates from the
Cuypers restoration. All
1926:
1562:
1479:
345:
1125:
873:
1834:
1474:. Clavis Kunsthistorische Monografieën deel XIV. Clavis/Architectura & Natura Pers, Utrecht/Amsterdam/Zutphen.
1402:
626:
The furnishing of the church interior has followed the fashion of the time but suffered badly during the years of
391:
were lost during this period. The church and cloisters were used as a blacksmith shop and stables by the military
380:, and Saint Mary Minor. In the mid-16th century the present late Gothic cloisters replaced the earlier cloisters.
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The treasure of the basilica of Our Lady as it is today consists of reliquary boxes, cases or busts made of (
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1009:". Of the original silver statues of the Virgin and two angels only a silver tube with the girdle survived.
555:
88:
317:
730:
341:
1382:
Antiquitées Sacrées conservées dans les
Anciennes Collégiales de S.Servais et de Notre-Dame à Maestricht
355:
1495:
880:
270:
The present-day church is probably not the first church that was built on this site. However, since no
1875:
1870:
835:
259:
1704:
1600:
1865:
1395:
De Onze Lieve
Vrouwekerk te Maastricht. Bouwgeschiedenis en historische betekenis van de oostpartij
1080:
755:
255:
363:
Most of the present church was built in the 11th and 12th centuries. Construction of the imposing
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701:
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building could be reserved for the canons' religious duties. Of this parish church, dedicated to
204:
152:
851:, Joseph Hubert Drehmanns. Twice a year it is being carried around town in the city's religious
527:
510:
480:
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with its transept and pseudo-transepts largely dates from the second half of the 11th century.
73:
332:. The chapter of Our Lady's had around 20 canons, which made it a middle-sized chapter in the
1750:
1072:
986:
506:
453:
384:
53:
46:
1040:
Silver reliquary for the "girdle of the Virgin Mary" (Maastricht?, 14th century, incomplete)
834:
For many people the main attraction of the
Basilica of Our Lady is the miraculous statue of
734:
666:
662:
472:
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and other liturgical implements made of silver, silver-gilt, brass or tin; ecclesiastical
8:
1890:
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479:. The east choir dates from the 12th century and is decorated with carved Romanesque
301:
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1006:
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From 1887 to 1917 the church was thoroughly restored by well-known Dutch architect
631:
496:
388:
1577:. Walburg Pers, Zutphen & Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg, Maastricht.
1434:(Maastrichts Silhouet #62). Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht, Maastricht.
964:
1936:
1895:
1527:(1912): 'Geschiedenis der restauratie van O.L. Vrouwe kerk te Maastricht'. In:
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objects. From the 14th century onwards it had a separate treasury room (Dutch:
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in 1794, the town's religious institutions were dissolved (1798). Many of the
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634:(c. 1500) survived but was stripped of most of its ornaments. Several Baroque
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449:, dates from the early 11th century and is flanked by two narrow towers with
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Three ivory reliquary chests (southern Italy or Spain, 12th or 13th century)
989:" (both originating from Constantinople and probably taken to Maastricht by
1860:
998:
635:
608:
488:
421:
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1397:. Clavis Kunsthistorische Monografieën, Volume IX. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
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1880:
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844:
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717:
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in the interior of the
Basilica of Our Lady belongs to the highlights of
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658:
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349:
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was the more powerful institution in Maastricht, with strong ties to the
212:
81:
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1029:
993:) were given away by a former canon and are now in the treasury of the
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crowned the venerated Marian image on 15 August 1912 via the Bishop of
839:
709:
647:
588:
377:
271:
208:
77:
487:, adopted. The current, heavily restored choir towers are roofed with
1630:
1557:. Maaslandse Monografieën (large format), Part 1. Van Gorcum, Assen.
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926:
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838:. This 15th-century wooden statue was originally housed in a nearby
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The Basilica of our Lady possesses an important historical church
665:(Southern Netherlands, 17th century), two paintings attributed to
509:, rebuilt in the 15th century, provides access to the church from
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950:
464:
of Maastricht, were used on the lower parts of the westwork. The
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1594:
1725:
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris
1092:
1047:(Maastricht?, 16th century, the statue was melted down in 1795)
726:
721:
653:
Among the works of art owned by the church are a wood panel of
643:
639:
546:
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of stone rather than shingling. One of the towers, named after
457:
165:
1932:
Reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands
1025:
922:
819:, which enclose a garden, is through the church. The current
685:(including the famous one in the Star of the Sea chapel), an
678:
591:
of the late Baroque period and had several altars built in a
476:
1472:
De kerkschat van het Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekapittel te Maastricht
953:
from all over Europe, bringing in revenue for the churches.
746:
465:
450:
1001:. Two copper-gilt reliefs depicting angels are now in the
661:(Southern Netherlands, c. 1600), a large painting of the
618:
281:
and adjacent to a religious shrine dedicated to the god
823:
were built in marlstone in late Gothic style with some
802:
433:
in style and is considered an important example of the
1079:
Furthermore, the treasury is home to a collection of
1107:) belonging to the foundation "Santjes en Kantjes".
907:
Star of the Sea chapel - view from the cloister yard
495:, was used for storage of the city archives and the
437:
group of churches that are characterized by massive
1830:
Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral, Willemstad
981:, allegedly containing the largest particle of the
300:Some time before the year 1100 the church became a
1840:Pro-Cathedral of St. Francis of Assisi, Oranjestad
1632:Catholic Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
657:(Flemish, c. 1500–1550), a large canvas with the
1986:
1845:List of Catholic churches in the Dutch Caribbean
1143:Monstrances and candlesticks (17th-18th century)
16:Roman Catholic church in Maastricht, Netherlands
708:. The 20 highly symbolic capitals in the choir
603:from the 14th century). A mural on a pillar of
1454:. Rijksmuseum Het Catharijneconvent, Utrecht.
1616:
693:, both attributed to the Maastricht sculptor
383:After the incorporation of Maastricht in the
1822:List of Catholic churches in the Netherlands
1917:List of Catholic schools in the Netherlands
1003:Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius
615:windows are from the 19th or 20th century.
513:. It is also the entrance of the so-called
2020:Romanesque architecture in the Netherlands
1995:Roman Catholic churches in the Netherlands
1623:
1609:
1511:. Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht.
1200:
1119:Reliquary horn (Scandinavia, 10th century)
968:Chest of drawers with liturgical vestments
27:
1160:
1020:lead, brass, ivory, horn, bone and wood;
242:. The church is often referred to as the
1448:Koldeweij, A.M. & P.M.L. van Vlijmen
963:
955:
806:
617:
420:
354:
1812:St. John's Cathedral ('s-Hertogenbosch)
1776:Apostolic Vicariate of Ravenstein-Megen
1720:Military Ordinariate of the Netherlands
1492:De monumenten in de gemeente Maastricht
985:, and the so-called "pectoral cross of
867:Late Gothic cloisters and cloister yard
785:Capitals depicting Old Testament scenes
578:
416:
405:The church was elevated to the rank of
54:Ecclesiastical or organizational status
1987:
1912:Catholic Church in the Dutch Caribbean
1641:Bishops' Conference of the Netherlands
1075:" (Central Asia, 10th-13th centuries?)
1061:(Meuse-Rhine, 14th and 15th centuries)
1043:Tower belonging to a silver statue of
773:East choir with ambulatory and gallery
677:(17th century), a 14th-century German
1817:St. Christopher's Cathedral, Roermond
1797:St. Anthony of Padua Cathedral, Breda
1766:Apostolic Vicariate of Grave-Nijmegen
1604:
797:Composite capital with Esau and Jacob
642:were taken over from a former nearby
198:
2015:Former cathedrals in the Netherlands
2010:Basilica churches in the Netherlands
1597:(official website, largely in Dutch)
1131:Ivory collection (12th-15th century)
803:Cloisters and Star of the Sea chapel
650:was built in 1652 by André Severin.
1575:Historische Encyclopedie Maastricht
1544:. Vroom & Dreesmann, Maastricht
895:Interior cloisters with gravestones
312:. The canons were appointed by the
13:
1571:Ubachs, P.J.H., & I.M.H. Evers
1412:Romanesque Sculpture in Maastricht
681:, two 15th-century statues of the
352:the two churches remained rivals.
340:. It is clear that the chapter of
14:
2036:
1792:St Catherine's Cathedral, Utrecht
1588:
1509:Maastricht staat op zijn verleden
1414:. Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht.
1155:So-called "Robe of Saint Lambert"
811:Star of the Sea chapel - interior
460:, probably from the former Roman
346:emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
229:Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-Tenhemelopneming
207:church in the historic center of
1967:
1955:
1835:Basilica of St. Anne, Willemstad
1703:
1285:Koldeweij/Van Vlijmen, pp. 65-66
1148:
1136:
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1112:
900:
888:
872:
860:
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766:
754:
566:
554:
538:
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359:Interior in the mid-19th-century
1802:St. Joseph Cathedral, Groningen
1667:Diocese of Groningen-Leeuwarden
1538:Term, J. van, & J. Nelissen
1488:Nispen tot Sevenaer, E.O.M. van
1384:. Publisher unknown, Maastricht
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
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1771:Apostolic Vicariate of Limburg
1761:Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia
1348:De Kreek, pp. 192-195, 205-207
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
743:Schwarzrheindorf double chapel
485:St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège
425:Romanesque capital of the apse
330:St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège
1:
1807:Cathedral of St Bavo, Haarlem
215:. The church is dedicated to
188:Basiliek van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw
2005:Rijksmonuments in Maastricht
1672:Diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam
1378:Bock, F., & M. Willemsen
1258:Den Hartog, pp. 270-281, 327
960:Main chamber of the Treasury
7:
1927:List of Catholic seminaries
1677:Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch
912:
731:Basilica of Saint Servatius
254:), after the church's main
10:
2041:
1452:Schatkamers uit het Zuiden
1209:(in Dutch). Archived from
720:. The carved capitals and
622:Church plan with cloisters
573:Apse and St. Barbara tower
265:
1950:
1904:
1876:Carmelite Monastery, Echt
1853:
1784:
1733:
1712:
1701:
1647:
1638:
1555:De kunst van het Maasland
949:), drew large numbers of
836:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
761:Interior towards the west
260:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
163:
158:
146:
131:
126:
87:
69:
64:
52:
40:
35:
26:
21:
1866:St. Benedictusberg Abbey
843:hundreds of worshipers.
429:The building is largely
1432:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk I
1267:Den Hartog, pp. 482-488
1249:Den Hartog, pp. 415-463
712:depict scenes from the
702:architectural sculpture
338:Familia Sancti Lamberti
2000:Churches in Maastricht
1974:Netherlands portal
1962:Catholicism portal
1871:St. Willibrord's Abbey
1657:Archdiocese of Utrecht
1161:References and sources
969:
961:
812:
623:
561:Entrance Mérode chapel
519:Star of the Sea chapel
511:Onze Lieve Vrouweplein
426:
360:
251:
228:
195:
187:
89:Geographic coordinates
74:Onze Lieve Vrouweplein
1756:Diocese of Middelburg
1751:Diocese of Maastricht
1746:Diocese of Leeuwarden
1695:Diocese of Willemstad
1595:www.sterre-der-zee.nl
1542:Kerken van Maastricht
1366:De Kreek, pp. 230-236
1357:De Kreek, pp. 132-141
1339:De Kreek, pp. 158-164
1330:De Kreek, pp. 143-148
1321:De Kreek, pp. 179-181
1312:De Kreek, pp. 167-174
1303:De Kreek, pp. 237-246
967:
959:
943:Septennial Pilgrimage
810:
621:
424:
413:on 20 February 1933.
385:French First Republic
358:
348:, but throughout the
324:were chosen from the
1922:List of Dutch saints
1687:Diocese of Rotterdam
1294:De Kreek, pp. 90-115
1016:) silver or copper,
995:St. Peter's Basilica
667:Erasmus Quellinus II
638:and a richly carved
579:Description interior
417:Description exterior
180:Basilica of Our Lady
142:and pseudo-transepts
111:50.84750°N 5.69361°E
22:Basilica of Our Lady
1891:Koningshoeven Abbey
1741:Diocese of Deventer
1682:Diocese of Roermond
1505:Panhuysen, T.A.S.M.
1231:Bosman, pp. 143-149
1191:Bosman, pp. 165-166
1071:So-called "Robe of
879:Detail window with
733:in Maastricht, the
695:Jan van Steffeswert
471:The church has two
295:Tongeren-Maastricht
240:Diocese of Roermond
200:[sləˈvʀɔwə]
107: /
1942:Tilburg University
1494:, Part 2. Arnhem (
1213:on 6 February 2012
1081:devotional objects
970:
962:
813:
735:Church of St Peter
655:The dream of Jacob
624:
427:
361:
1982:
1981:
1531:, pp. 59, 60
1207:Sterre-der-zee.nl
1182:Bosman, pp. 25-34
1105:In memoriam cards
979:patriarchal cross
883:(emblem of Liège)
829:Bonnefantenmuseum
691:Saint Christopher
605:Saint Christopher
302:collegiate church
176:
175:
116:50.84750; 5.69361
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1662:Diocese of Breda
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127:Architecture
1886:Achel Abbey
1881:Berne Abbey
1854:Monasteries
1529:De Maasgouw
1496:online text
1375:(in French)
1064:Red velvet
1057:Two silver
1030:monstrances
987:Constantine
927:reliquaries
853:processions
845:Pope Pius X
825:Renaissance
718:virgin Mary
697:(c. 1500).
683:Virgin Mary
675:Saint Agnes
673:and one of
663:Crucifixion
659:Holy Family
628:desecration
441:and pseudo-
350:Middle Ages
304:, run by a
231:) and is a
213:Netherlands
114: /
82:Netherlands
42:Affiliation
1989:Categories
1826:Caribbean:
1691:Caribbean:
1583:905730399X
1568:(in Dutch)
1548:(in Dutch)
1535:(in Dutch)
1522:(in Dutch)
1517:9070356198
1502:(in Dutch)
1485:(in Dutch)
1465:(in Dutch)
1460:9071240029
1445:(in Dutch)
1440:905842023X
1425:(in Dutch)
1420:9072251318
1388:(in Dutch)
1089:statuettes
1085:crucifixes
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983:True Cross
935:schatkamer
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840:Franciscan
710:ambulatory
648:pipe organ
593:Romanesque
589:plastering
431:Romanesque
221:Assumption
209:Maastricht
205:Romanesque
192:Limburgish
153:Romanesque
99:50°50′51″N
78:Maastricht
2025:Mosan art
1097:scapulars
1034:vestments
991:crusaders
974:war taxes
821:cloisters
817:cloisters
706:Mosan art
669:, one of
451:marlstone
447:sandstone
443:transepts
439:westworks
287:cathedral
196:Slevrouwe
102:5°41′37″E
1905:See also
1785:Churches
1649:Dioceses
1573:(2005):
1553:(1971):
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1470:(1994):
1430:(2005):
1410:(2002):
1393:(1990):
1380:(1873):
1093:rosaries
1054:century)
1022:chalices
1018:silvered
951:pilgrims
945:(Dutch:
919:treasure
913:Treasury
849:Roermond
741:and the
607:and the
549:westwork
533:Westwork
481:capitals
475:and two
393:garrison
365:westwork
322:provosts
256:devotion
217:Our Lady
140:transept
136:Basilica
70:Location
65:Location
36:Religion
1217:11 July
739:Utrecht
727:reliefs
722:corbels
462:castrum
456:. Some
454:turrets
326:chapter
306:college
291:diocese
289:of the
283:Jupiter
279:castrum
266:History
238:in the
219:of the
203:) is a
159:Website
1713:Others
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1103:, and
1026:patens
1014:gilded
923:relics
881:perron
689:and a
644:Jesuit
640:pulpit
547:spolia
545:Roman
507:portal
504:Gothic
477:crypts
473:choirs
458:spolia
320:. The
310:canons
1066:bursa
679:Pieta
435:Mosan
318:Liège
276:Roman
248:Dutch
225:Dutch
184:Dutch
148:Style
138:with
1579:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1219:2012
747:Bonn
700:The
517:(or
466:nave
178:The
132:Type
997:in
745:in
737:in
595:or
521:).
409:by
328:of
316:of
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293:of
170:.nl
166:www
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