Basilica of Saint-Denis

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in 1540. It is considered an important step in the history of Gothic sculpture, because of the skill of the carving, and the lack of rigidity of the figures. There are six figures in the embrasures and thirty figures in the voussures, or arches above the door, which represent kings, probably those of the Old Testament, while the tympanum over the door illustrates the martyrdom of Saint-Denis and his companions Eleuthere and Rusticus. This portal was among the last works commissioned by Suger; he died in 1151, before it was completed. The original sculpture that was destroyed in the Revolution was replaced with sculpture from the early 19th century, made by Felix Brun.

1681: 963: 2203: 1540: 1474: 1846: 1168: 1462: 1383: 2002: 1144: 1156: 2146: 1908: 1787: 1127:. In March 2018, the culture ministry signed an accord with the association, officially launching the reconstruction project, with works expected to commence in May 2020. A year later, French scholars were still divided on the €25 million proposal to reconstruct the spire. In 2023, hundreds of anonymous graves dating from the 5th to the 14th century were discovered in the Basilica. In the same year, the Basilica's stained glass windows which have been the central focus of a project spanning 25 years, entered the final stage of restoration with a total cost exceeding 2 million euros. 1008: 1834: 3219: 2362: 2388: 1438: 4971: 643: 1943: 2354: 627: 4966: 672:, and was a regent of Louis VII when the King was absent on the Crusades. He was an accomplished fund-raiser, acquiring treasures for the cathedral and collecting an enormous sum for its rebuilding. In about 1135 he began reconstructing and enlarging the abbey. In his famous account of the work undertaken during his administration, Suger explained his decision to rebuild the church, due to the decrepit state of the old structure and its inability to cope with the crowds of pilgrims visiting the shrine of St Denis. 4961: 4946: 4931: 6907: 4956: 4941: 4926: 1955: 2301: 2130: 1308: 71: 3207: 3315: 935:. and the display of the skeleton of a baleine whale in the nave in 1771. Greater harm was done with the removal of the early Gothic column-statues which Suger had used to decorate the west front. (They were replaced with replicas in the 19th century). In 1700, reconstruction began of the monastic buildings adjacent to the church. This was not completed until the mid-18th century. Into these buildings Napoleon installed a school for the daughters of members of the French 2029: 3195: 3235: 2290: 2377: 7912: 1485:

exterior, are filled with windows. The new system allowed light to pass into the interior of the choir. The disambulatory connects with the five radiating chapels at the east end of the cathedral, which have their own large windows. To give them greater unity, the five chapels share the same system of vaulted roofs. To make the walls between the chapels even less visible, they are masked with networks of slender columns and tracery.

1986: 7924: 1877:, illustrating the genealogy of Christ, in the Axis chapel; the "Allegories of Saint Paul" and "The Life of Moses" in the fourth radiating chapel on the north; "The vision of Ezekiel under the sign of tau", originally from a group illustrating the Passion of Christ, in the fourth rayonnant chapel on the south, in the left bay and third register. Another piece of original window from Suger's time, depicting mythical 1707:(died 1514). It takes the form of a white marble temple filled and surrounded with figures. Inside it, the King and Queen are depicted realistically in their dying agonies, Allegorical figures seated around the temple depict the virtues of the King and Queen. On the roof of the tomb, the King and Queen are shown again, kneeling and calmly praying, celebrating their victory over death, thanks to their virtues. 3740:"L'art Gothique", section: "L'architecture Gothique en Angleterre" by Ute Engel: L'Angleterre fut l'une des premieres régions à adopter, dans la deuxième moitié du XIIeme siècle, la nouvelle architecture gothique née en France. Les relations historiques entre les deux pays jouèrent un rôle prépondérant: en 1154, Henri II (1154–1189), de la dynastie Française des Plantagenêt, accéda au thrône d'Angleterre." ( 737:, a 6th century mystic who equated the slightest reflection or glint with divine light. Suger's own words were carved in the nave: "For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright/and bright is the noble edifice which is pervaded by the new light." Following Suger's example, large stained glass windows filling the interior with mystical light became a prominent feature of Gothic architecture. 2312: 1283:, at the east end of the cathedral, was one of the first parts of the structure rebuilt into the Gothic style. The work was commissioned by Abbot Suger in 1140 and completed in 1144. It was considerably modified under the young King Louis IX and his mother, Blanche of Castille, the Regent of the Kingdom, beginning in 1231. The apse was built much higher, along with the nave. Large 1081:, the French author who led campaign for the restoration of ruined Gothic architecture in France. Viollet-le-Duc continued working on the Abbey until his death in 1879, and replaced many of the creations conceived by Debret. Viollet-le-Duc focused on the tombs, rearranging and transforming portions of the interior into a vast museum of French sculpture. In the 1860s Emperor 429: 844:. This new style, which differed from Suger's earlier works as much as they had differed from their Romanesque precursors, reduced the wall area to an absolute minimum. Solid masonry was replaced with vast window openings filled with brilliant stained glass (all destroyed in the Revolution) and interrupted only by the most slender of bar 981:, the revolutionary government, ordered the violation of the sepulchres and the destruction of the royal tombs, but agreed to create a commission to select those monuments which were of historical interest for preservation. In 1798, these were transferred to the chapel of the Petit-Augustins, which later became the 749:

six standing figures in the embracements and thirty figures in the voussures, or arches, over the doorway, which probably represent the Kings of the Old Testament. The scene in the Tympanum over the doorway depicts the martyrdom of Saint Denis. In their realism and finesse, they were a landmark in Gothic sculpture.

1426:, above. Slender columns rose from the pillars up the walls to support the four-part rib vaults. As a result of the Rayonnant reconstruction in the triforium was given windows, and the upper walls were entirely filled with glass, which reached upward into the arches of the vaults, flooding the church with light. 3742:

England was one of the first regions to adopt, during the first half of the 12th century, the new Gothic architecture born in France. Historic relationships between the two countries played a determining role: in 1154, Henry II (1154–1189), of the French Plantagenet dynasty, ascended to the throne of

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The Porte de Valois, or north portal, was originally built in the 12th century, near the end of Suger's life, then rebuilt at the end of the north transept in the 13th century. According to Suger, the original entrance on the north did not have sculpture, but mosaic, which Suger replaced by sculpture

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The church was reconsecrated by Napoléon in 1806, and he designated it as the future site for his own tomb and those of his intended dynasty. He also ordered the construction of three chapels to honour the last French kings, created a chapel under the authority of his uncle, Cardinal Fesch, which was

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Suger's great innovation in the new choir was the replacement of the heavy dividing walls in the apse and ambulatory with slender columns, so that the interior of that part of the church was filled with light. He described "A circular string of chapels, by virtue of which the whole church would shine

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The crypt was rebuilt and extended eastward by Suger. The walls were decorated with blind arches, divided by columns whose capitals illustrate Biblical scenes and scenes from the life of St. Denis. Thirty-nine of the original Romanesque sixty-two capitals are still in place. Sugar constructed a new

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The crypt beneath the church is divided into two sections; the older, called archeological crypt, is located under the transept, and was originally built in about 775 AD, when the abbey was reconstructed by Abbot Fuldiad. It had a disambulatory, passage which allowed pilgrims to circulate around the

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At the same time, the transept was enlarged and given large rose windows in the new rayonnant style, divided into multiple lancet windows topped by trilobe windows and other geometric forms inscribed in circles. The walls of the nave on both sides were entirely filled with windows, each composed of

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in 1873. He replaced the upper stained glass windows in the nave with depictions of the historic kings of France, and added new windows to the transept depicting the renovation, and the July 1837 visit to the Cathedral of King Louis Philippe. On 9 June, the spire of the tower was struck by lightning

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The Portal of Valois was the last of the Gothic structures planned by Suger. It was designed for the original building, but was not yet begun when Suger died in 1151. In the 13th century it was moved to the end of the new transept on the north side of the church. The sculpture of the portal includes

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The crypt was not large enough for the growing number of pilgrims who came, so in about 832 the abbot Hilduin built a second crypt, to the west of the first, and a small new chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary was constructed next to the apse. The new crypt was extensively rebuilt under Suger in the

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Most of the medieval monastic buildings were demolished in 1792. Although the church itself was left standing, it was profaned, its treasury confiscated and its reliquaries and liturgical furniture melted down for their metallic value. Some objects, including a chalice and aquamanile donated to the

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Suger died in 1151 with the Gothic reconstruction incomplete. In 1231, Abbot Odo Clement began work on the rebuilding of the Carolingian nave, which remained sandwiched incongruously between Suger's Gothic works to the east and west. Both the nave and the upper parts of Suger's choir were replaced

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and at the east end. During important religious celebrations, the interior of the church was lit with 1250 lamps. Beneath the apse, in imitation of St. Peter's in Rome, a crypt was constructed, with a Confession, or martyr's chapel, in the center. Inside this was a platform on which the sarcophagus

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Due to its connections to the French monarchy and proximity to Paris, the abbey of Saint-Denis was a prime target of revolutionary vandalism. On Friday, 14 September 1792, the monks celebrated their last services in the abbey church; the monastery was dissolved the next day. The church was used to

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Suger's western extension was completed in 1140 and the three new chapels in the narthex were consecrated on 9 June of that year, but the Romanesque nave between was yet unchanged. He wrote about the new narthex at the west end and proposed chapels at the east: "Once the new rear part is joined to

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In the new design, massive vertical buttresses separated the three doorways and horizontal string-courses and window arcades clearly marked out the divisions. This clear delineation of parts was to influence subsequent west façade designs as a common theme in the development of Gothic architecture

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a leper, who was sleeping in the nearly completed church the night before its planned consecration, witnessed a blaze of light from which Christ, accompanied by St Denis and a host of angels, emerged to conduct the consecration ceremony himself. Before leaving, Christ healed the leper, tearing off

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The chevet had been constructed by Suger in record time, in just four years, between 1140 and 1144, and was one of the first great realisations of Gothic architecture. The double disambulatory is divided not by walls but by two rows of columns, while the outside walls, thanks to buttresses on the

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with pointed arches, and exterior buttresses which made it possible to have larger windows and to eliminate interior walls. It was the first time that these features had all been drawn together; and the new style evolved radically from the previous Romanesque architecture by the lightness of the

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Suger began his rebuilding project at the western end of St Denis, demolishing the old Carolingian facade with its single, centrally located door. He extended the old nave westwards by an additional four bays and added a massive western narthex, incorporating a new façade and three chapels on the

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One other original feature was added by Suger's builders; a rose window over the central portal. Although small circular windows (oculi) within triangular tympana were common on the west facades of Italian Romanesque churches, this was probably the first example of a rose window within a square

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Two different architects, or master masons, were involved in the 12th century rebuilding. Both remain anonymous but their work can be distinguished on stylistic grounds. The first, who was responsible for the initial work at the western end, favoured conventional Romanesque capitals and moulding

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over it marvelously decorated with gold and gems. He composed a crest and a magnificent frontal and surrounded the throne of the altar with golden axes in a circle. He placed golden apples there, round and jeweled. He made a pulpit and a gate of silver and a roof for the throne of the altar on

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The organ is located on the tribune, at the west of the nave. An organ is recorded as existing at the basilica in 1520. A later organ, made by Crespin Carlier, is recorded in 1520, but this instrument was destroyed during the French Revolution. The church re-opened in 1806 without an organ. A

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The apse with its two ambulatories and axial chapels was extensively rebuilt in the 12th century, to connect harmoniously with the new and larger nave, but a major effort was made to save the early Gothic features created by Suger, including the double disambulatory with its large windows. To

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This new façade, 34 metres (112 ft) wide and 20 metres (66 ft) deep, has three portals, the central one larger than those on either side, reflecting the relative width of the central nave and lateral aisles. This tripartite arrangement was clearly influenced by the late 11th century

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displaying his wounds with the dead emerging from their tombs below. Scenes from the martyrdom of St Denis were carved above the south (right hand) portal, while above the north portal was a mosaic (lost), even though this was, as Suger put it 'contrary to the modern custom'. Of the original

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their bodies were thrown out of their coffins, dumped into three trenches and covered with lime to destroy them. The older monarchs were removed in August 1793 to celebrate the revolutionary Festival of Reunion, the Valois and Bourbon monarchs in October 1793 to celebrate the execution of

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In 1895, when the chapter created by Napoleon was dissolved, the church lost its cathedral rank and reverted to being a parish church. It did not become a cathedral again until 1966, with the creation of the new diocese of Saint-Denis. The formal title is now the "Baslilique-cathédrale de

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The nave, the portion to the west of the church reserved for ordinary worshippers, and the choir, the portion to the east reserved for the clergy, were rebuilt into the Gothic style in the 13th century, after the apse at the east and the west front. Like the other Gothic churches in the

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his diseased skin to reveal a perfect complexion underneath. A mis-shapen patch on a marble column was said to be the leper's former skin, which stuck there when Christ discarded it. Having been consecrated by Christ, the fabric of the building was itself regarded as sacred.

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designed the first Neo-Gothic windows of the nave in 1813. these include the upper windows of the nave, which represent the kings and queens of France. Later upper windows of the south transept depict the restoration of the church, and particularly the visit there of

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of Denis was displayed, with those of his companions Rusticus and Eleutherus on either side. Around the platform was a corridor where pilgrims could circulate, and bays with windows. Traces of painted decoration of this original crypt can be seen in some of the bays.

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and destroyed. Debret rapidly put into place a new spire, but he did not fully understand the principles of Gothic architecture. He made errors in his plans for the new structure, which resulted in the spire and tower collapsing under their own weight in 1845.

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The statues on the portal of the Valois, on the transept of the Saint Denis, made in 1175, have very elongated and expressive figures, and also had an important effect on Gothic sculpture. They were the opposite of the more restrained and dignified figures of

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The west front was originally decorated with a series of column statues, representing the kings and queens of the Old Testament. These were removed in 1771 and were mostly destroyed during the French Revolution, though a number of the heads can be seen in the

1244: 1749:, the restored Bourbons ordered a search for the corpses of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. They were found on 21 January 1815, brought to Saint-Denis and placed in the archeologi crypt. Their tombs are covered with black marble slabs installed in 1975. 683:, or battle flag, of St. Denis, to give the King the protection of the Saint. It was taken to the Abbey only when France was in danger. The flag was retired in 1488, when the Parisians opened the gates of Paris to invading English and Burgundian armies. 486:

silver axes. He made a covering in the place before the tomb and fabricated an outside altar at the feet of the holy martyr. So much industry did he lavish there, at the king's request, and poured out so much that scarcely a single ornament was left in

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The basilica retains stained glass of many periods (although most of the panels from Suger's time have been removed for long-term conservation and replaced with photographic transparencies), including exceptional modern glass, and a set of 12

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The 86-metre (282-foot) tall spire, dismantled in the 19th century, is to be rebuilt. The project, initiated more than 30 years ago, was to have begun in May 2020, and is expected to take about 11 years at a cost of about €28 million.

745:, before going on to build the new choir, displayed a more restrained approach to decorative effects, relying on a simple repertoire of motifs, which may have proved more suitable for the lighter Gothic style that he helped to create. 1508: 290:

The site originated as a Gallo-Roman cemetery in late Roman times. The archaeological remains still lie beneath the cathedral; the graves indicate a mixture of Christian and pre-Christian burial practices. Around the year 475 AD,

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when the bones of 16 former kings and queens were relocated to new tombs arranged around the crossing, eight Carolingian monarchs to the south and eight Capetians to the north. These tombs, featuring lifelike carved recumbent

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The new structure was finished and dedicated on 11 June 1144, in the presence of the King. The Abbey of St Denis thus became the prototype for further building in the royal domain of northern France. Through the rule of the

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The new architecture was full of symbolism. The twelve columns in the choir represented the twelve Apostles, and the light represented the Holy Spirit. Like many French clerics in the 12th century AD, he was a follower of

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in about 250 AD. According to the legend, he is said to have carried his head four leagues to the Roman settlement of Catulliacus, the site of the current church, and indicated that it was where he wanted to be buried. A

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and a marked departure from the Romanesque. The portals themselves were sealed by gilded bronze doors, ornamented with scenes from Christ's Passion. They clearly recorded Suger's patronage with the following inscription:

664:(c. 1081 – 1151), the patron of the rebuilding of the Abbey church, had begun his career in the church at the age of ten, and rose to become the Abbot in 1122. He was a school companion and then confidant and minister of 7297: 2073:

The new west front sculpture of St. Denis had an important influence on Gothic style. The influential features of the new façade include the tall, thin statues of Old Testament prophets and kings attached to columns

679:, where the kings were crowned. The Abbey also kept the regalia of the coronation, including the robes, crowns and sceptre. Beginning in 1124, and until the mid-15th century, the kings departed for war carrying the 1581:, the central portion of this crypt was devoted the Bourbon dynasty, but the tombs themselves were simple lead coffins in wood cases. The effigies of many of the kings and queens are on their tombs, but during the 1296:

four lancets topped by a rose, filling the entire space above the triforium. The upper walls, like the chevet, were supported by flying buttresses whose bases were placed between the chapels alongside the nave.

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and Hugh Capet (which disappeared during the Revolution). The new tombs were all made in the same style and costume, with a reposing figure holding a staff, to illustrate the continuity of the French Monarchy.

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Abbot Suger commissioned a large amount of stained glass for the new chevet, but only very small amount of the original glass from the time of Suger survived intact. In the 19th century it was collected by

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accomplish this, four large pillars were installed in the crypt to support the upper level, and the walls of the first traverse of the sanctuary were placed at an angle to connect with the wider transept.

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The tympanum of the south portal illustrates the last days of the Denis and his companions before their martyrdom. The piedroits are filled with medallions representing the labours of the days of month.

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the part in front, the church shines with its middle part brightened. For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright, and bright is the noble edifice which is pervaded by the new light."

2058: 2163:, the small seat on each stall on which the clergy could rest when standing for long periods of time. The stalls were made in the 16th century, and were originally located in the high chapel of the 4797: 2102:

sculpture, very little remains, most of what is now visible being the result of rather clumsy restoration work in 1839. Some fragments of the original sculptures survive in the collection of the

2001: 2398: 1182:. A crenellated parapet runs across the west front and connects the towers (still unfinished in 1140), illustrating that the church front was the symbolic entrance to the celestial Jerusalem. 642: 4659: 1621:(Saint Louis) commissioned a number of important tombs of earlier kings and French historical figures, whose remains were collected from other churches. These included the tombs of Clovis I, 1873:, and was integrated into windows in the chevet. Original glass includes the figure of Suger prostrating himself at the feet of Christ, in the window called "The Childhood of Christ"; the 950: 592: 1287:

were added to the chevet, to support the upper walls, and to make possible the enormous windows installed there. The masons used the same engineering concept that was used at the Abbey of

4387: 1123:, has since been established to support the reconstruction, with the aim of raising the necessary funds by opening the reconstruction works to the general public, along the model of the 1771:

and whose tomb had not been touched by the revolutionaries, was brought to Saint-Denis and buried in the crypt. In 2004, the mummified heart of the Dauphin, the boy who would have been

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of France, were reinterred in the basilica. The relics of St-Denis, which had been transferred to the parish church of the town in 1795, were brought back again to the abbey in 1819.

1817:. It was acquired for the cathedral by the administration of national monuments in 1993. The wall cases also display a selection of precious objects from the cathedral's collection. 2245:, sole titular organist for 30 years (between 1987 and 2018), held many recitals (between 1989 and 1995, then between 2014 and 2017), and recorded eight CDs using this instrument. 1527: 1801:

in 1812 into a Neo-classical gallery of murals which depict scenes from the history of the cathedral. A work added to the Sacristy is "Allegory of the Divine Word", a painting by

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In 1794, the government decided to remove the lead tiles from the roof, to melt them down to make bullets. This left the interior of the church badly exposed to the weather.

824:, planned for the new nave and its large crossing to have a much clearer focus as the French 'royal necropolis', or burial place. That plan was fulfilled in 1264 under Abbot 7747: 2082:'s drawings). These were also adopted at the cathedrals of Paris and Chartres, constructed a few years later, and became a feature of almost every Gothic portal thereafter. 4007: 1722:

with sculpture on the roof depicting the King and Queen in prayer. The King places his hand on his heart illustrating his Catholic faith a period of religious conflicts.

1268: 871: 3933: 2175:. The stalls were moved to Saint-Denis and installed for their use. Besides the carved wood, the stalls are decorated with elaborate multi-coloured religious scenes in 962: 502: 390:. He was arrested and condemned by the Roman authorities. Along with two of his followers, the priest Eleutherus and deacon Rusticus, he was decapitated on the hill of 7250: 7860: 3531: 8009: 2745: 8029: 7563: 1680: 1061:

was named the chief architect of the cathedral; he proceeded, over thirty years, to repair the Revolutionary damage. He was later best known for his design of the

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Department. In 1805 Napoleon Bonaparte decided to create three new chapels at Saint-Denis, as well as a chapter of bishops under the authority of his uncle,

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or shrine-mausoleum was erected on the site of his grave in about 313 AD, and was enlarged into a basilica with the addition of tombs and monuments under

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asked Viollet-le-Duc to construct an imperial section in the crypt for him and his dynasty, but he was deposed and went into exile before it was begun.

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Most of what is now known about the Carolingian church at St Denis resulted from a lengthy series of excavations begun under the American art historian

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On the lintel below the great tympanum showing the Last Judgement, beneath a carved figure of the kneeling Abbot, was inscribed the more modest plea;

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ordered the mass graves to be opened, but only portions of three bodies remained intact. The remaining bones from 158 bodies were collected into an

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relics of Saint Denis and his companions on display in the center. It was lit by alternating small windows in the walls and lamps placed in niches.

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rebuilt portions of the abbey church using innovative structural and decorative features. In doing so, he is said to have created the first truly

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Much of the current stained glass dates to the 19th century, as the church began to be restored from the damage of the Revolution. The architect

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with the wonderful and uninterrupted light of most luminous windows, pervading the interior beauty." One of these chapels was dedicated to Saint

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The dark Romanesque nave, with its thick walls and small window-openings, was rebuilt using the very latest techniques, in what is now known as

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lying on raised bases, were badly damaged during the French revolution though all but two were subsequently restored by Viollet le Duc in 1860.

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royalty, mistakenly identified as images of royal French kings and queens, were removed from the portals and the tympana sculpture defaced.

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and later royal families. These included the construction of chapel adjoining the north transept to serve as a tomb for the monarchs of the

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Conrad Rudolph, "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis,"

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The west front of the church, dedicated on 9 June 1140, is divided into three sections, each with its own entrance, representing the

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again proposed its reconstruction after concluding it was technically feasible—albeit without public funding. An association,

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The bronze doors of the central portal are modern, but are a faithful reproduction of the original doors, which depicted the

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a symbol of Paradise, is found in the second radiating chapel on the north. Other scenes which Suger described, showing the

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In later years, tombs were placed along the aisles that surrounded around the choir and the nave. In the 13th century King

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profiles with rich and individualised detailing. His successor, who completed the western facade and upper storeys of the

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label. It was restored in 1901 by Charles Mutin, and between 1983 and 1987 by Jean-Loup Boisseau and Bertrand Cattiaux.

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made a vow to rebuild the old abbey. The first church mentioned in the chronicles was begun in 754 and completed under

287:, including the sword used for crowning the kings and the royal sceptre, were kept at Saint-Denis between coronations. 7583: 7409: 5355: 5295: 4196: 2458:

buried elsewhere), as well as a few other monarchs. The remains of the early monarchs were removed from the destroyed

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abbey in Suger's time, were successfully hidden and survive to this day. The jamb figures of the façade representing

675:

In the 12th century, thanks largely to Suger, the Basilica became a principal sanctuary of French Royalty, rivalling

7644: 5879: 5540: 4898: 2721: 7675: 7624: 7603: 7588: 7568: 7547: 7522: 7302: 7245: 7147: 7108: 6956: 6931: 4878: 1814: 1595: 6766: 5365: 5310: 2218:, age twenty-three, and was his first organ. It was completed in 1843, and launched his career as an organ-maker. 481::Above all, Eligius fabricated a mausoleum for the holy martyr Denis in the city of Paris with a wonderful marble 7721: 7690: 7573: 7501: 7445: 7404: 7363: 7276: 7240: 7132: 7017: 6966: 5505: 4652: 2974: 2836: 734: 463:

Dagobert also commissioned a new shrine to house the saint's remains, which was created by his chief councillor,

6896: 6841: 6029: 5535: 4586: 2850: 1718:(1559) followed a similar format; a Roman temple, in this case designed by the celebrated Renaissance architect 1514:

The archeological crypt (8th century) rebuilt by Suger (12th c.), now contains the simple black marble tombs of

1187: 7825: 7378: 7168: 5285: 4888: 4763: 4558: 4480: 3729: 3269: 1797:

The Sacristy, the room where the clergy traditionally donned their vestments, was transformed by the architect

1775:, verified to be authentic by DNA testing, was placed in a crystal vase and sealed into the wall of the crypt. 1288: 1217:

frame, which was to become a dominant feature of the Gothic facades of northern France (soon to be imitated at

241: 122: 6886: 6478: 3442: 2777: 7891: 7032: 6951: 6729: 6272: 6201: 4970: 3253: 2824: 2783: 1607: 244:, a northern suburb of Paris. The building is of singular importance historically and architecturally as its 5427: 825: 6752: 6531: 5585: 5545: 5500: 5495: 5071: 4987: 4955: 4940: 4925: 2914: 2617: 1112: 6961: 6821: 5146: 4844: 4592:

The Treasures of Saint-Denis – scholarly article from 1915 on the important and mostly destroyed treasures

2159:

The choir stalls, the seats reserved for the clergy, have particularly fine carvings, particularly on the

1418:

Ile-de-France, its walls had three levels; large arcades of massive pillars on the ground floor; a narrow

1194:. Only the south tower survives; the north tower was dismantled following a tornado which struck in 1846. 1111:

In December 2016, 170 years after the north tower's dismantlement and following several false starts, the

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level. The upper facades of the two much-enlarged transepts were filled with two spectacular 12m-wide

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Artistic Change at St-Denis: Abbot Suger's Program and the Early Twelfth Century Controversy over Art

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Suger's masons drew on elements which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture: the

6851: 6422: 6370: 6313: 6277: 6094: 5874: 3234: 2215: 1948:

Detail of the north portal sculpture; the martyrdom of Saint Denis, Eleuthere and Rustique (12th c.)

1719: 6439: 6350: 6252: 6227: 6176: 6019: 5710: 5560: 5475: 5455: 5275: 5236: 4883: 4541:

Conrad Rudolph, "Inventing the Exegetical Stained-Glass Window: Suger, Hugh, and a New Elite Art,"

769:

Reconstruction of the Nave – the Rayonnant style – beginning of the Royal Necropolis (13th century)

6891: 6786: 5678: 5610: 5600: 5525: 5345: 4625: 4591: 3153: 2526: 1870: 1756: 1562:

from the 10th century until 1793 have their remains here. The remains of some monarchs, including

1074: 1026: 6679: 6434: 6360: 6282: 6151: 6084: 5648: 3194: 2944: 2639: 2370: 2343: 2254: 2094: 1594:

saved many of the monuments by claiming them as artworks for his Museum of French Monuments. The

1559: 482: 264: 6936: 6407: 6365: 6355: 5884: 5742: 4377:

Timeline events from Plagnieux, Philippe, "La basilique cathédrale de Saint-Denis",(1998), p. 49

3658:

Bruce Watson, Light: A Radiant History from Creation to the Quantum Age. Bloomsbury, 2016, p 52.

703:

Receive, stern Judge, the prayers of your Suger, Let me be mercifully numbered among your sheep.

349:. Although known as the "Basilica of St Denis", the cathedral has not been granted the title of 6946: 6876: 6866: 6104: 5653: 5595: 5565: 5510: 2797: 2739: 2605: 2357:

Drawing of tomb of Henry II and his wife, showing the Effigies at top and the double tomb below

2221:

It contains numerous innovations introduced in the romantic area, in particular the very first

928: 565: 509: 334: 248:, completed in 1144, is widely considered the first structure to employ all of the elements of 130: 5994: 5350: 4425: 4418:

Histoire de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denys en France: Lettre-préf. de M. le Duc de Bauffremont

6684: 6674: 6389: 6319: 6303: 6181: 5989: 5984: 5802: 5530: 5520: 5515: 5480: 5470: 5330: 5187: 5076: 4696: 2703: 2459: 2079: 1927:, the last king of France, in 1837. This large group of windows was designed by the painter 1752: 280: 6602: 6541: 6451: 5792: 4345: 1036: 7007: 6771: 6657: 6637: 6622: 6385: 6232: 6146: 6139: 5864: 5859: 5829: 5580: 5101: 4740: 4368:(prayer desk), was removed from the sculpture during the French revolution and melted down. 3012: 2803: 2772: 2697: 2669: 2651: 2645: 2589: 2564: 2407: 2403: 2035: 1928: 1738: 1626: 1078: 754: 375: 304: 245: 6380: 5909: 5715: 5658: 5633: 5315: 4617: 2902: 1606:

reopened the church in 1806, but left the royal remains in their mass graves. In 1817 the

460:

in 632. It soon grew to a community of more than five hundred monks, plus their servants.

8: 6926: 6871: 6488: 6298: 6267: 5979: 5894: 5889: 5782: 5767: 5490: 5485: 5465: 5245: 5216: 4951: 4859: 4708: 3100: 2687: 2675: 2657: 2629: 2623: 2599: 2583: 2570: 2560: 2538: 2525:(823–877) (his brass monument was melted down during the Revolution) and his first wife, 2451: 2419: 2392: 2319: 2293: 2236: 2065: 2050: 1764: 1715: 1699:

The tombs of the Renaissance expressed are theatrical and varied. The largest is that of

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Gothic style. From the start it appears that Abbot Odo, with the approval of the Regent

7916: 6921: 6826: 6811: 6776: 6617: 6556: 6222: 6161: 5999: 5939: 5929: 5919: 5904: 5869: 5772: 5628: 5555: 5211: 5140: 5086: 5058: 4094: 3533:

Mammals in the Seas: General papers and large cetaceans. Whaling During the Middle Ages

3383: 2681: 2663: 2635: 2577: 2554: 2542: 2443: 2411: 2366: 2339: 2327: 2272: 2268: 2242: 2164: 2087: 1711: 1671: 1603: 1578: 1422:

or passageway midway up the wall; originally windowless; and a row of high windows the

1218: 892: 848:—not only in the clerestory but also, perhaps for the first time, in the normally dark 817: 665: 617: 550: 272: 5305: 3989:"French academics at odds over €25m plans to rebuild spire of Basilica of Saint-Denis" 3144: 1919: 1124: 1058: 6791: 6781: 6134: 5693: 5575: 5320: 5221: 5206: 5126: 5121: 5081: 4554: 4528: 4509: 4476: 4461: 4254: 4086: 3725: 3537: 3274: 3169: 3126: 2548: 2415: 2315: 2098: 1798: 1582: 1206: 1120: 1062: 901: 878: 6612: 6536: 5934: 5688: 5673: 5380: 5172: 3506: 2353: 2103: 1199: 572:, a nave divided into three sections by two rows of marble columns, a transept, and 6523: 6468: 6429: 6237: 6196: 6122: 6024: 6014: 6004: 5899: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5797: 5698: 5605: 5300: 5231: 5198: 5106: 5050: 4078: 3426: 2982: 2691: 2522: 2516: 2455: 2323: 2012: 1924: 1734: 1704: 1651: 1630: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1519: 936: 905: 6337: 6064: 5924: 5683: 5663: 5400: 5395: 4612: 3571:

The Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis from Its Beginnings to the Death of Suger, 475–1151

1161:

Tympanum and lintel of the central portal "Last Judgement (c. 1135, restored 1839)

1066: 900:

During the following centuries, the cathedral was pillaged twice; once during the

240:) is a large former medieval abbey church and present cathedral in the commune of 6856: 6627: 6597: 6513: 6508: 6327: 6242: 6191: 6089: 6074: 6069: 6049: 5974: 5914: 5752: 5590: 5260: 5066: 4839: 4684: 4249: 3347:

Enclopaedia Britannica on-line, "Gothic Architecture", retrieved 23 November 2020

3110: 3027: 2512: 2435: 1691: 1284: 932: 913: 676: 568:

in 1937. The structure altogether was about eighty meters long, with an imposing

557: 542: 400: 379: 346: 218: 135: 59: 6664: 6607: 6483: 4053:

A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the thirteenth century

6846: 6710: 6669: 6587: 6551: 6498: 6401: 6308: 6257: 5954: 5854: 5705: 5177: 5162: 5157: 4690: 3319:

Smarthistory – Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and the Ambulatory at St. Denis

2506: 2305: 2230: 2226: 2172: 2020: 1742: 1622: 1191: 931:", adjoining the north transept of the basilica and containing the tomb of the 387: 350: 171: 6647: 6446: 6044: 6034: 5410: 4869: 4787: 4420:. Introd. de Hervé Pinoteau. 1. . – 1973. – 524 S. Paris: Éd. du Palais Royal. 4067:"The Original Buttressing of Abbot Suger's Chevet at the Abbey of Saint-Denis" 7943: 7928: 7037: 6801: 6592: 6397: 6393: 6166: 6059: 6054: 6009: 5969: 5944: 5822: 5777: 5325: 5152: 4258: 4090: 3397: 2347: 2300: 1874: 1768: 1554:

The role of St. Denis as the necropolis of French kings formally began under

990: 969: 924: 821: 758: 602: 464: 292: 276: 102: 89: 7068: 6412: 4244:"Tragic French boy king's heart finds a final resting place after 209 years" 3934:"Basilique Saint-Denis : le chantier de la flèche freiné dans son élan" 3766:

Georgia Sommers Wright, "A Royal Tomb Program in the Reign of St Louis", in

70: 6705: 6642: 6561: 6546: 6417: 6186: 6039: 5844: 5722: 5135: 5131: 5116: 5111: 5096: 5091: 4341: 3962:"Accord définitif de l'Etat : la flèche de la Basilique sera remontée" 3338:

Site of the Basilique-cathédrale de Saint-Denis, retrieved 23 November 2020

3240: 2929:(1729–1765), Dauphin of France (only his heart; his body was buried in the 2472: 2222: 1977: 1210: 1179: 1082: 338: 308: 4581: 3895:"L'affaire de la tour nord : La querelle des anciens et des modernes" 3680:

Stephen Gardner, "Two Campaigns in Suger's Western Block at Saint-Denis",

3669:

Abbot Suger of St. Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth Century France

6217: 5959: 5849: 5747: 5192: 4854: 4798:

Ensemble Scolaire Jean-Baptiste De La Salle - Notre-Dame De La Compassion

4714: 3938: 3558:

Abbot Suger of St.Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth century France

3046: 2532: 2488: 2439: 2264: 2260: 2259:

The cathedral contained an extensive treasury, mainly constituted by the

2016: 1802: 1726: 1494: 1051: 853: 661: 546: 473: 454: 315: 268: 6836: 5182: 4098: 4066: 1400:

The elevation of the nave, with glass-filled triforium and upper windows

757:, the style was introduced to England and spread throughout France, the 6721: 6632: 5839: 5834: 4965: 4912: 3179: 3085: 2494: 2160: 2151: 1806: 1772: 1687: 1555: 1546: 1423: 787: 442: 422:

visiting the construction site of the Abbey of St. Denis (painted 1473)

419: 391: 300: 260: 256: 147: 4008:"Basilica of Saint-Denis: Newly discovered graves bring back the past" 1614:

in the crypt of the church, behind marble plates bearing their names.

5964: 5949: 4908: 4641:

from The Cloisters Library, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

4365: 4082: 2978: 2500: 2484: 2289: 2176: 2136: 2008: 1730: 1700: 1647: 1515: 1419: 1369: 1043: 849: 813: 791: 783: 729:

structure and the unusually large size of the stained glass windows.

725: 680: 669: 653: 633: 468: 457: 434: 404: 396: 383: 327: 3781:

The Gothic Cathedral: The Architecture of the Great Church 1130–1530

3119:– Removal of the statue-columns installed by Suger on the west front 2376: 1863:

Detail of "Infance of Christ", Suger at the Feet of Christ (12th c.)

790:, where windows fill almost the entire wall, a prominent feature of 636:(top left), or battle flag of French kings, was kept at Saint Denis. 7911: 6571: 5019: 4582:

Website for Basilica of Saint-Denis, Centre des monuments nationaux

3135: 3081: 3036: 2700:(1785–1795) (only his heart; his body was dumped into a mass grave) 2466: 2447: 2214:

competition was held in 1833 to find a new builder. It was won by

1992: 1973: 1886: 1618: 1563: 1250:

North transept (left) and north nave walls and buttresses (19th c.)

584: 569: 403:. These including a royal tomb, that of Aregonde, the wife of King 354: 4388:"Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and the Ambulatory at St. Denis" 4201:

Center for the Study of Material & Visual Cultures of Religion

2462:. Some of the more prominent monarchs buried in the basilica are: 895:

renounces Protestantism in 1593 at Saint-Denis by Nicolas Baullery

6493: 4702: 3225: 2478: 1878: 1810: 1611: 1035:

decorated with richly-carved choir stalls and marquetry from the

845: 742: 718: 284: 196: 4022:"Light returns to the stained glass of the Saint-Denis Basilica" 1725:

In the 19th century, following the restoration of the monarchy,

1050:

to Saint-Denis. The last king to be entombed in Saint-Denis was

7866:

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris

5340: 4644: 4361: 3065: 1851:

Detail from the 12th century Life of Christ window, Axis chapel

1280: 999: 830: 762: 446: 213: 4732: 3168:– The basilica becomes the cathedral of the new department of 2990:(1786–1787), second daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette 4960: 4945: 4930: 4212: 4210: 3692: 3690: 3055: 1373: 927:, a large mortuary chapel in the form of a domed colonnaded " 598: 450: 2311: 1960:

Piedroits, or column statues, of the north portal. (12th c.)

656:

from the bishop before going to war (13th c., 1841 painting)

333:

The abbey church became a cathedral on the formation of the

283:. The queens of France were crowned at Saint-Denis, and the 4309: 4307: 4055:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009) Chapters 2–7. 3628: 2168: 1746: 1549:, first King buried at St. Denis remade in the 13th century 1042:

After Napoleon's downfall, the ashes of the previous king,

1013:

The left tower, completed, damaged and removed in the 1840s

707: 573: 487: 4527:. Éditions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux. 4443:, Alain Erlande-Brandenburg, Editions Ouest-France, Rennes 4292: 4207: 4175: 4173: 4134: 4035: 4033: 4031: 3913: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3811: 3687: 3093:– Construction of six chapels along the north side of nave 2078:) flanking the portals (destroyed in 1771 but recorded in 686: 7861:

Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris

4569:

Light: A Radiant History from Creation to the Quantum Age

4282: 4280: 4124: 4122: 4120: 3640: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3162:– The basilica is classified a French historical monument 2742:(1615–1672), Duchess of Orléans and second wife of Gaston 1913:"The visit of King Louis-Philippe to Saint-Denis in 1837" 1190:. It also shared with them a three-storey elevation and 956:

The looting of the church in 1793, by Friedrich Staffnick

4304: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3484: 3350: 3109:– Beginning of the construction of the mausoleum of the 2660:(1551–1589), also King of Poland (heart burial monument) 1566:(465–511), were moved to St. Denis from other churches. 490:, and it is the greatest wonder of all to this very day. 4222: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4105: 4028: 3875: 3858: 3835: 3724:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. 3702: 3595: 2917:(1727–1752), daughter of Louis XV and twin of the above 267:, including nearly every king from the 10th century to 7955:

12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France

4277: 4117: 3576: 3511: 3457: 3367: 3365: 3125:– Final office celebrated by the monks, following the 449:(reigned 628 to 637), transformed the church into the 322:

building. In the following century the master-builder

4360:

Knecht, 227. Henry's gesture is now unclear, since a

3823: 3607: 968:

The violation of the royal tombs in 1793 depicted by

942: 4327:

Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals

1046:, were ceremoniously moved from the cemetery of the 3414:

A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method

3362: 1274:

South side of the nave, with buttresses and chapels

1186:Norman-Romanesque façades of the abbey churches of 7856:Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris 4242: 4071:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 3925: 3806:Images of Medieval Art and Architecture – Félibien 541:During his second coronation at Saint-Denis, King 4197:"The Revolutionary Exhumations at St-Denis, 1793" 3734: 3074:– Reconstruction of the upper chevet and the nave 1313:Sculpture of the Porte de Valois, or north portal 7941: 1574:disambulatory connected with radiating chapels. 1429: 585:Suger and the Early Gothic Church (12th century) 8030:Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux 3393: 3391: 2996:Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne 2285:Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis 1238:The apse, or east end of the cathedral, in 1878 4390:. Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Archived from 2815:(1660–1690), Dauphine of France, wife of Louis 2586:(1227–1285), an effigy covers his heart burial 1759:, church monuments that had been taken to the 1065:, the primary opera house of Paris before the 620:visiting St. Denis (14th century illustration) 437:visiting Saint Denis (painted in 15th c.) 326:rebuilt the nave and the transepts in the new 8035:Burial sites of the House of Bourbon (France) 8010:Burial sites of the House of Valois-Angoulême 7098: 7084: 6737: 5035: 4748: 4660: 4475:. Thames and Hudson (in English and French). 3887: 3478:Histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Denys en France 3437: 3435: 3182:is transferred to the chapel of the Bourbons. 2868:Louis of France (1704–1705), Duke of Brittany 2710: 275:came to Saint-Denis formally to renounce his 5381:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge 4460:, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4423: 3634: 3388: 3152:– Collapse of Debret's rebuilt north spire. 3039:, first King to have sepulchre in the church 2839:(1668–1671), Duke of Anjou, son of Louis XIV 2234: 1805:, which originally had been commissioned by 1000:19th century – reconstruction and renovation 524:Capital of a column in the Carolingian crypt 235: 51: 8015:Burial sites of the House of Valois-Orléans 6993:Bretteville-sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery 4195:Lindsay, Suzanne Glover (18 October 2014). 3398:Catholic Encyclopedia: Abbey of Saint-Denis 1839:"Infance of Christ", (12th c., Axis chapel) 1763:were returned to the church. The corpse of 1533:Carolingian decoration from the early crypt 806:Rayonnant rose window in the north transept 7950:Buildings and structures completed in 1144 7091: 7077: 7008:Lafayette Escadrille Cemetery and Memorial 6983:Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial 6744: 6730: 5461:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist 5042: 5028: 4755: 4741: 4667: 4653: 4470: 4313: 4190: 4188: 3432: 1299: 1088: 69: 8005:Burial sites of the House of Valois-Anjou 7313:Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges 7053:St. Mihiel American Cemetery and Memorial 7028:Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial 4522: 4298: 4286: 4240: 4228: 4216: 4179: 4164: 4152: 4140: 4128: 4111: 4039: 3919: 3881: 3869: 3852: 3829: 3817: 3794:The Thirteenth century Church at St-Denis 3708: 3696: 3601: 3589: 3517: 3490: 3463: 3300: 2988:Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France 2717:Blanche of France (daughter of Philip IV) 494: 6751: 4824:École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière 4819:Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis 4587:Map of the tombs in Saint-Denis Basilica 4457:Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: a symposium 4241:Broughton, Philip Delves (7 June 2004). 2998:(1611–1675), Maréchal General de France. 2734:Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier 2397: 2386: 2375: 2360: 2352: 2333: 2310: 2299: 2288: 1500: 1479:The axial chapel of the Virgin (12th c.) 708:Second Phase: the new choir, (1140–1144) 8040:Burial sites of the Merovingian dynasty 7058:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial 7023:Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial 7013:Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial 6998:Brittany American Cemetery and Memorial 6462:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial 4337: 4335: 4194: 4185: 4064: 3968:(in French). Seine-Saint-Denis Tourisme 3954: 3931: 3901:(in French). Seine-Saint-Denis Tourisme 3770:, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Jun 1974) pp. 224–243 3475: 3156:becomes chief architect of restoration. 2897:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon (1714) 2894:Charles d'Alençon(1713) Duke of Alençon 2845:(1672), Duke of Anjou, son of Louis XIV 1737:brought to St. Denis. The body of the 1224: 687:First Phase: the west front (1135–1140) 477:of Saint Eligius describes the shrine: 14: 8000:Burial sites of the House of Champagne 7980:Monuments historiques of Île-de-France 7942: 4803:Collège et lycée Saint-Vincent de Paul 4613:Saint-Denis, a town in the Middle Ages 4548: 4525:La basilique cathédrale de Saint-Denis 4380: 3671:, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, 1998 3646: 3622: 3529: 3356: 3134:– Beginning of restoration ordered by 3045:– New church dedicated in presence of 1901:"Kings and Queens of France" (19th c.) 1598:of England were likewise removed from 1596:bodies of several Plantagenet monarchs 1039:. (See "Choir Stalls" section below). 794:Gothic. (present windows from 19th c.) 508:Walls of the crypt built by the Abbot 7179:Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron 7072: 7003:Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial 6725: 5371:Musée national des Monuments Français 5291:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme 5023: 4736: 4648: 4626:Photos of the windows at the Basilica 4503: 4005: 3371: 3143:– New restoration begun by architect 2937:Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain 2790:Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 2763:(1652–1656), Mademoiselle de Chartres 1820: 1355: 761:, Germany, Spain, northern Italy and 556:According to one of the Abbey's many 7831:Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion 7048:Somme American Cemetery and Memorial 7043:Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial 6701:List of tourist attractions in Paris 5376:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle 5049: 4631:history and pictures of the Basilica 4571:, (London and NY: Bloomsbury, 2016). 4348:, Ministère français de la Culture. 4332: 4265:from the original on 12 January 2022 3986: 3932:Bourdon, Gwenaël (30 January 2017). 3384:A grave from the exterior necropolis 3295:List of tourist attractions in Paris 3280:Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre 2792:(1652–1722), second wife of Philippe 2275:), a cross, and liturgical objects. 2196:The organ of the cathedral (19th c.) 1337:Detail of the south portal sculpture 1073:Debret resigned and was replaced by 977:store grain and flour. In 1793, the 863: 8020:Burial sites of the House of Valois 7995:Burial sites of the House of Albret 7990:Burial sites of the House of Évreux 7965:Roman Catholic cathedrals in France 5266:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie 3966:Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis 3899:Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis 3748: 3290:French Gothic stained glass windows 3285:List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe 2786:(1644–1670), first wife of Philippe 2594:Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France 2338:At top are Effigies on the tomb of 1291:to support the large chapel windows 1102:West portals before cleaning (2011) 374:The cathedral is on the site where 237:Basilique-cathédrale de Saint-Denis 24: 7492:Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes 6988:Bény-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery 3684:, Vol.44, part 4, 1984, pp. 574–87 3103:commissions his tomb in the church 2971:(1737–1787), daughter of Louis XV, 2891:Na (not baptized) d'Alençon (1711) 2833:(1667–1672), daughter of Louis XIV 2800:(1638–1683), consort of Louis XIV 2780:(1640–1701), brother of Louis XIV 2438:were buried in the basilica (with 943:The French Revolution and Napoleon 32:St. Denis' Church (disambiguation) 25: 8051: 7970:Benedictine monasteries in France 6457:Mémorial de la France combattante 6172:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge 5271:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume 4639:The Sumner McKnight Crosby Papers 4575: 4551:A History of Western Architecture 2965:(1734–1782), daughter of Louis XV 2959:(1733–1799), daughter of Louis XV 2953:(1732–1800), daughter of Louis XV 2951:Princess Marie Adélaïde of France 2923:(1728–1733), daughter of Louis XV 2905:(1703–1768), consort of Louis XV 2819:Princess Anne Élisabeth of France 2773:Charles I of Scotland and England 2563:(1120–1180) and his second wife, 1173:The west front after its cleaning 1135: 1119:("Follow the Spire"), chaired by 904:(1337–1453) and again during the 369: 7922: 7910: 7441:Diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes 7038:Orry-la-Ville Dutch War Cemetery 6957:Protestant Cemetery, Montpellier 6905: 6376:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4944: 4939: 4929: 4924: 4793:Lycée d’application de l’E.N.N.A 4674: 4618:Photos of tombs and the Basilica 4608:Satellite image from Google Maps 3313: 3233: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3020:– Construction of first basilica 2939:(1726–1746), first wife of above 2886:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans 2865:(1685–1712), Duchess of Burgundy 2592:(1245–1285) and his first wife, 2263:. It contained crowns (those of 2201: 2189: 2144: 2128: 2116: 2093:Above the doorways, the central 2057: 2042: 2027: 2000: 1984: 1965: 1953: 1941: 1931:, the brother of the architect. 1906: 1894: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1825: 1815:Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1785: 1679: 1659: 1639: 1538: 1526: 1507: 1472: 1460: 1448: 1436: 1405: 1393: 1381: 1362: 1330: 1318: 1306: 1267: 1255: 1243: 1231: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1095: 1018: 1006: 961: 949: 885: 870: 799: 775: 641: 625: 610: 591: 536:Earliest sarcophogi in the crypt 529: 517: 501: 427: 412: 7018:Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery 6967:Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice 5361:Musée national Eugène Delacroix 4762: 4508:. Éditions Jean-Paul Gesserot. 4448: 4371: 4354: 4319: 4234: 4058: 4045: 4014: 3999: 3987:Sage, Adam (16 November 2021). 3980: 3799: 3786: 3773: 3760: 3714: 3674: 3661: 3652: 3563: 3550: 3523: 3496: 3469: 2975:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France 2837:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou 2541:(972–1031) and his third wife, 2109: 939:, which still is in operation. 735:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 341:in 1966 and is the seat of the 255:The basilica became a place of 232:Basilique royale de Saint-Denis 27:Basilica in Saint-Denis, France 8025:Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis 7836:Military Ordinariate of France 7400:Diocese of Carcassone-Narbonne 7349:Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence 7128:Diocese of Belfort–Montbéliard 5880:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall 4454:Gerson, Paula Lieber. (1986). 3808:, archived on 2 December 2009. 3536:. Food & Agriculture Org. 3507:on-line at Medieval Sourcebook 3420: 3402: 3377: 3341: 3332: 3270:Gothic cathedrals and churches 2859:(1682–1712), Duke of Burgundy 2813:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria 2722:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans 2402:(From left clockwise) Gisants 2208:Detail of the organ decoration 2034:Ementrude of Orleans, wife of 1602:during the French Revolution. 1325:The south portal and sculpture 916:(later demolished). A plan of 295:purchased some land and built 13: 1: 7960:Churches in Seine-Saint-Denis 7748:Archdiocese of Fort-de-France 7109:Bishops' Conference of France 7033:Orglandes German war cemetery 6952:Protestant Cemetery, Bordeaux 6504:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique 6474:Musée de l'air et de l'espace 5416:Palais de la Légion d'Honneur 5366:Musée national Gustave Moreau 4771:Primary and secondary schools 4024:. France 24. 3 February 2023. 4006:Morin, Hervé (9 April 2023). 3573:, Yale University Press, 1987 3443:"Saint Denis Cathedral spire" 3326: 3254:List of abbots of Saint-Denis 2911:(1727–1759), Duchess of Parma 2888:(1695–1719), Duchess of Berry 2874:(1707–1712), Duke of Brittany 2853:(1674–1723), Regent of France 2827:(1664), daughter of Louis XIV 2825:Princess Marie Anne of France 2821:(1662), daughter of Louis XIV 2784:Princess Henrietta of England 2730:(1608–1660), son of Henry IV 1792:The Sacristy, rebuilt in 1812 1745:. During Napoleon's exile in 1430:The disambulatory and chapels 917: 39:Church in Saint-Denis, France 7985:Gothic architecture in Paris 7800:Diocese of Wallis and Futuna 7696:Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes 6532:Bastille Day military parade 6030:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré 5496:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle 5421:Musée de la Légion d'honneur 5356:Musée National d'Art Moderne 5296:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris 5072:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel 4988:Battle of Saint-Denis (1567) 4523:Plagnieux, Philippe (1998). 4506:Dictionnaire des Cathédrales 3241:Fulrad, Abbot of Saint-Denis 2851:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans 2724:(1607–1611), son of Henry IV 2618:Charles VIII, King of France 2090:, made about the same time. 2064:Battle scene on the tomb of 1934: 1262:The Rayonnant south transept 263:containing the tombs of the 234:, now formally known as the 178:; 889 years ago 7: 7975:Basilica churches in France 5551:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais 4993:November 2015 Paris attacks 4937:Stade de France–Saint-Denis 4471:Martindale, Andrew (1967). 3783:, Thames & Hudson, 1992 3258: 3002: 2957:Princess Victoire of France 2882:(1686–1714), Duke of Berry 2778:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 2757:(1650–1652), Duke of Valois 2746:Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans 2736:(1605–1627), wife of Gaston 2612:Charles VII, King of France 2248: 1778: 1350: 1130: 299:. In 636, on the orders of 10: 8056: 7887:Apostolic Nuncio to France 7395:Archdiocese of Montpellier 7205:Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay 6248:Porte de La Chapelle Arena 5571:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre 5446:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral 5428:Musée de la Vie romantique 4894:Saint-Denis–Porte de Paris 4409: 4065:Stanley, David J. (2006). 3722:The Visual Arts: A History 3720:H. Honour and J. Fleming, 3251: 3186: 2977:(1781–1789), first son of 2947:(1730–1733), Duke of Anjou 2931:Cathedral of Saint-Étienne 2909:Louise Élisabeth of France 2711:Other royalty and nobility 2282: 2278: 2252: 2123:The choir stalls (16th c.) 1761:Museum of French Monuments 1703:(died 1515) and his wife, 1443:The ambulatory (1140–1144) 1412:The vaults in the transept 983:Museum of French Monuments 364: 297:Saint-Denys de la Chapelle 75:West façade of Saint-Denis 29: 7905: 7892:France–Holy See relations 7874: 7844: 7821:Archdiocese of Strasbourg 7813: 7787: 7766: 7740: 7704: 7653: 7612: 7556: 7510: 7474: 7423: 7415:Diocese of Perpignan–Elne 7387: 7336: 7285: 7259: 7223: 7192: 7156: 7115: 7106: 7100:Catholic Church in France 6975: 6962:Jewish cemetery, Besançon 6914: 6903: 6882:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois 6759: 6693: 6580: 6522: 6336: 6291: 6263:Stade Pierre de Coubertin 6210: 6113: 5758:Boulevard de la Madeleine 5731: 5619: 5546:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois 5436: 5286:Musée des Arts et Métiers 5281:Musée des Arts décoratifs 5230: 5057: 5001: 4980: 4922:La Plaine Stade de France 4907: 4868: 4845:Musée Bouilhet-Christofle 4832: 4812:Colleges and universities 4811: 4770: 4680: 4427:Lives of the Irish saints 3312: 3307: 3265:Early Gothic architecture 3247: 3035:– Further enlargement by 2969:Princess Louise of France 2963:Princess Sophie of France 2769:Henrietta Maria of France 2654:(1550–1574) (no monument) 2233:, it is protected by the 1883:pilgrimage of Charlemagne 1767:, who had been buried at 1467:Disambulatory and chapels 1077:, who had the support of 877:The cathedral in 1655 by 786:(center level) and upper 345:, currently (since 2009) 314:In the 12th century, the 212: 207: 195: 190: 170: 158: 153: 141: 129: 118: 84: 80: 68: 49: 44: 7369:Diocese of Fréjus–Toulon 7344:Archdiocese of Marseille 7318:Diocese of Saint-Étienne 6942:Marseille (Saint-Pierre) 6479:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort 6440:Walt Disney Studios Park 6361:Château de Fontainebleau 6273:Stade Sébastien Charléty 6228:Halle Georges Carpentier 6202:Coulée verte René-Dumont 6177:Parc des Buttes Chaumont 6020:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois 5561:Saint-Jean de Montmartre 5506:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires 5311:Musée de la Cinémathèque 5276:Louis Vuitton Foundation 4879:Basilique de Saint-Denis 4416:Félibien, Michel. 1973. 4051:William Chester Jordan, 3569:Sumner McKnight Crosby, 3064:– Reconstruction of the 2843:Louis François of France 2519:(born 710–727, died 783) 2515:(714–768) and his wife, 2429: 2182: 7814:Directly under Holy See 7661:Archdiocese of Toulouse 7599:Diocese of Saint-Brieuc 7482:Archdiocese of Poitiers 7388:Province of Montpellier 7298:Archdiocese of Chambéry 7200:Archdiocese of Clermont 7174:Diocese of Aire and Dax 7164:Archdiocese of Bordeaux 7138:Diocese of Saint-Claude 7123:Archdiocese of Besançon 6346:Basilica of Saint-Denis 6157:Parc Clichy-Batignolles 5763:Boulevard de Sébastopol 4850:Basilica of Saint-Denis 4721:Basilica of Saint-Denis 4504:Lours, Mathieu (2018). 4424:O'Hanlon, John (1873), 3530:DeSmet, W.M.A. (1981). 3058:is Abbot of Saint-Denis 3026:– Basilica enlarged by 2863:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy 2831:Marie Thérèse of France 2728:Gaston, Duke of Orléans 2255:Treasury of Saint-Denis 2015:, sculptures (1830) by 1300:North and south portals 1289:Saint-Martin-des-Champs 1089:20th and 21st centuries 820:and her son, the young 721:, and held her relics. 228:Basilica of Saint-Denis 45:Basilica of Saint-Denis 7917:Catholicism portal 7774:Archdiocese of Papeete 7753:Diocese of Basse-Terre 7741:Province of Martinique 7717:Archdiocese of Bourges 7461:Diocese of Saint-Denis 7354:Archdiocese of Avignon 7272:Archdiocese of Cambrai 7215:Diocese of Saint-Flour 6423:Paris La Défense Arena 6371:Château de Rambouillet 6314:Père Lachaise Cemetery 6278:Vélodrome de Vincennes 6128:Jardin d'Acclimatation 6095:Saint-Germain-des-Prés 5875:Place de la République 5566:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis 5541:Saint-Germain-des-Prés 5336:Musée Jacquemart-André 5251:Bibliothèque nationale 4899:Saint-Denis-Université 4553:. Barrie and Jenkins. 4549:Watkin, David (1986). 3301:References and sources 3228:over the main entrance 3212:The clerestory windows 3084:inaugurates the royal 2798:Maria Theresa of Spain 2750:la Grande Mademoiselle 2740:Marguerite of Lorraine 2608:(1342–1393) (cenotaph) 2606:Leo V, King of Armenia 2426: 2395: 2384: 2373: 2358: 2350: 2331: 2308: 2297: 2235: 2216:Aristide Cavaillé-Coll 2135:Detail of carving and 1025:The two-tower plan of 923:by Félibien shows the 705: 566:Sumner McKnight Crosby 495:The Carolingian church 492: 471:by training. An early 335:Diocese of Saint-Denis 236: 231: 52: 7848:for Eastern Catholics 7795:Archdiocese of Nouméa 7564:Archdiocese of Rennes 7466:Diocese of Versailles 7374:Diocese of Gap-Embrun 7337:Province of Marseille 7308:Diocese of Belley–Ars 6932:Lyon (La Guillotière) 6927:Grenoble (Saint Roch) 6685:World Heritage Centre 6675:Paris Zoological Park 6390:Gardens of Versailles 6304:Montparnasse Cemetery 6182:Parc Georges-Brassens 5985:Rue de la Ferronnerie 5586:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul 5536:Saint-François-Xavier 5526:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont 5501:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette 5481:Synagogue de Nazareth 5346:Musée Marmottan Monet 5331:Maison de Victor Hugo 5188:Philharmonie de Paris 4441:Saint-Denis Cathedral 3505:, edited by Levison, 3476:Doublet, Dom (1625). 3154:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc 2771:(1609–1669), wife of 2755:Jean Gaston d'Orléans 2527:Ermentrude of Orléans 2460:Abbey of St Genevieve 2401: 2390: 2379: 2364: 2356: 2337: 2314: 2303: 2292: 1871:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc 1501:Crypt and royal tombs 1075:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc 1027:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc 701: 479: 343:Bishop of Saint-Denis 271:in the 19th century. 53:Basilique Saint-Denis 7882:Cathedrals in France 7805:Diocese of Port-Vila 7712:Archdiocese of Tours 7681:Diocese of Montauban 7654:Province of Toulouse 7630:Diocese of Coutances 7620:Archdiocese of Rouen 7518:Archdiocese of Reims 7487:Diocese of Angoulême 7475:Province of Poitiers 7431:Archdiocese of Paris 7267:Archdiocese of Lille 7231:Archdiocese of Dijon 7193:Province of Clermont 7184:Diocese of Périgueux 7157:Province of Bordeaux 7143:Diocese of Saint-Dié 7116:Province of Besançon 6753:Cemeteries in France 6658:Montmartre Funicular 6638:Moulin de la Galette 6408:Château de Vincennes 6366:Château de Malmaison 6356:Château de Chantilly 6283:Vincennes Hippodrome 6233:Longchamp Hippodrome 6147:Jardin du Luxembourg 5885:Place des États-Unis 5865:Place de la Concorde 5860:Place de la Bastille 5406:Musée du Quai Branly 5386:Musée de l'Orangerie 3792:Caroline Bruzelius, 3779:Christopher Wilson, 3445:. Paris Digest. 2019 3068:with Gothic features 2761:Marie Anne d'Orléans 2640:Catherine de' Medici 2590:Philip III of France 2565:Constance of Castile 2434:All but five of the 2404:Bertrand du Guesclin 2371:Catherine de' Medici 2344:Catherine de' Medici 2036:Charles II of France 1929:Jean-Baptiste Debret 1889:, have disappeared. 1627:Constance of Castile 1577:During the reign of 1225:Chevet and transepts 668:and then of his son 103:48.93556°N 2.35972°E 30:For other uses, see 18:Basilica of St Denis 7767:Province of Papeete 7727:Diocese of Chartres 7671:Archdiocese of Auch 7666:Archdiocese of Albi 7640:Diocese of Le Havre 7543:Diocese of Soissons 7528:Diocese of Beauvais 7456:Diocese of Pontoise 7451:Diocese of Nanterre 7293:Archdiocese of Lyon 7236:Archdiocese of Sens 6489:Parc de Saint-Cloud 6299:Montmartre Cemetery 6268:Stade Roland Garros 6105:Viaduc d'Austerlitz 5995:Rue de la Sourdière 5895:Place des Victoires 5890:Place des Pyramides 5620:Hôtels particuliers 5491:Notre-Dame de Paris 5466:Chapelle expiatoire 5438:Religious buildings 5351:Musée de Montmartre 4709:Basilica of Superga 4600:Magazine: Diaporama 3649:, pp. 126–127. 3480:. pp. 164–165. 3427:Basilicas of France 3359:, pp. 126–128. 3200:The choir at sunset 3101:Charles V of France 2915:Henriette of France 2630:Francis I of France 2624:Louis XII of France 2600:Philip IV of France 2584:Charles I of Naples 2571:Philip II of France 2561:Louis VII of France 2539:Robert II of France 2294:Charles I of Naples 2237:Monument historique 2139:of the choir stalls 2051:Charles V of France 1729:had the remains of 1716:Catherine de Medici 1668:Catherine de Medici 1629:, Pepin the Short, 1113:Ministry of Culture 979:National Convention 858:Pierre de Montreuil 692:first floor level. 650:Philip II of France 324:Pierre de Montreuil 279:faith and become a 250:Gothic architecture 99: / 7788:Province of Noumea 7779:Diocese of Taiohae 7758:Diocese of Cayenne 7732:Diocese of Orléans 7686:Diocese of Pamiers 7594:Diocese of Quimper 7579:Diocese of Le Mans 7557:Province of Rennes 7538:Diocese of Langres 7533:Diocese of Châlons 7497:Diocese of Limoges 7436:Diocese of Créteil 7359:Diocese of Ajaccio 7328:Diocese of Viviers 7323:Diocese of Valence 7210:Diocese of Moulins 6947:Reims (Saint-Remi) 6922:Cannes (Grand Jas) 6618:Fountains in Paris 6603:Café des 2 Moulins 6557:Paris Fashion Week 6542:Fête de la Musique 6524:Culture and events 6452:Fort Mont-Valérien 6320:Oscar Wilde's tomb 6223:Auteuil Hippodrome 6162:Parc de Belleville 6152:Parc André-Citroën 6000:Rue de Montmorency 5940:Pont de Bir-Hakeim 5930:Pont Alexandre III 5920:Place Saint-Michel 5905:Place du Carrousel 5870:Place de la Nation 5793:Galerie Véro-Dodat 5773:Canal Saint-Martin 5556:Tour Saint-Jacques 5451:American Cathedral 5212:Porte Saint-Martin 5141:Institut de France 4889:Saint-Denis–Pleyel 4394:on 3 November 2014 4203:. Yale University. 2945:Philippe of France 2578:Louis IX of France 2555:Louis VI of France 2543:Constance of Arles 2427: 2412:Isabeau of Bavaria 2396: 2385: 2374: 2367:Henry II of France 2359: 2351: 2332: 2309: 2298: 2273:Henry IV of France 2243:Pierre Pincemaille 2165:Chateau de Gaillon 2088:Chartres Cathedral 1821:Art and decoration 1712:Henry II of France 1672:Henry II of France 1604:Napoleon Bonaparte 1590:. Preservationist 1560:monarchs of France 1388:The nave and choir 1356:The nave and choir 1221:and many others). 1219:Chartres Cathedral 1037:Château de Gaillon 893:Henry IV of France 826:Matthew of Vendôme 818:Blanche of Castile 618:Louis VI of France 551:Cotentin Peninsula 453:of Saint Denis, a 386:to evangelise the 273:Henry IV of France 7937: 7936: 7929:France portal 7705:Province of Tours 7676:Diocese of Cahors 7635:Diocese of Évreux 7625:Diocese of Bayeux 7613:Province of Rouen 7604:Diocese of Vannes 7589:Diocese of Nantes 7569:Diocese of Angers 7548:Diocese of Troyes 7523:Diocese of Amiens 7511:Province of Reims 7424:Province of Paris 7303:Diocese of Annecy 7260:Province of Lille 7251:Mission de France 7246:Diocese of Nevers 7224:Province of Dijon 7148:Diocese of Verdun 7066: 7065: 6887:Sainte-Marguerite 6832:Neuilly-sur-Seine 6719: 6718: 6680:Pyramide inversée 6381:Château de Sceaux 6338:Région parisienne 6135:Bois de Vincennes 6115:Parks and gardens 5910:Place du Châtelet 5743:Avenue de l'Opéra 5732:Bridges, streets, 5716:Palais de la Cité 5711:Palais de Justice 5694:Luxembourg Palace 5659:Hôtel de Pontalba 5654:Hôtel de la Païva 5634:Hôtel de Beauvais 5316:Musée Cognacq-Jay 5222:Tour Montparnasse 5207:Porte Saint-Denis 5127:Gare Saint-Lazare 5122:Gare Montparnasse 5102:Gare d'Austerlitz 5017: 5016: 4783:Lycée Paul Éluard 4730: 4729: 4703:Oplenac mausoleum 4545:93 (2011) 399–422 4500:33 (2010) 568–595 4301:, pp. 19–21. 4219:, pp. 42–43. 4143:, pp. 11–15. 3922:, pp. 22–23. 3820:, pp. 16–17. 3796:, New Haven, 1985 3699:, pp. 10–11. 3409:Banister Fletcher 3324: 3323: 3275:Cathedral diagram 3224:Depiction of the 3170:Seine-Saint-Denis 3127:French Revolution 2903:Marie Leszczyńska 2880:Charles of France 2549:Henry I of France 2424:Jeanne de Bourbon 2416:Louis de Sancerre 2382:Leon V of Armenia 2099:Christ in Majesty 2007:Memorial to King 1799:Jacques Cellerier 1608:restored Bourbons 1583:French Revolution 1285:flying buttresses 1207:Passion of Christ 1121:Patrick Braouezec 1063:Salle Le Peletier 902:Hundred Years War 879:Claude Chastillon 864:15th–17th century 224: 223: 108:48.93556; 2.35972 16:(Redirected from 8047: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7915: 7914: 7722:Diocese of Blois 7691:Diocese of Rodez 7584:Diocese of Luçon 7574:Diocese of Laval 7502:Diocese of Tulle 7446:Diocese of Meaux 7410:Diocese of Nîmes 7405:Diocese of Mende 7364:Diocese of Digne 7286:Province of Lyon 7277:Diocese of Arras 7241:Diocese of Autun 7133:Diocese of Nancy 7093: 7086: 7079: 7070: 7069: 6909: 6807:Levallois-Perret 6746: 6739: 6732: 6723: 6722: 6567:Republican Guard 6469:France Miniature 6430:Disneyland Paris 6400:, including the 6351:Château d'Écouen 6253:Stade Jean Bouin 6238:Parc des Princes 6197:Tuileries Garden 6123:Bois de Boulogne 6080:Rue Saint-Honoré 6025:Rue des Lombards 6015:Rue de Vaugirard 6005:Rue de Richelieu 5980:Rue d'Argenteuil 5900:Place des Vosges 5808:Galerie Vivienne 5788:Covered passages 5768:Canal de l'Ourcq 5699:Petit Luxembourg 5669:Hôtel de Soubise 5644:Hôtel de Crillon 5639:Hôtel de Charost 5606:Temple du Marais 5301:Maison de Balzac 5199:Flame of Liberty 5077:Arènes de Lutèce 5051:Tourism in Paris 5044: 5037: 5030: 5021: 5020: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4948: 4943: 4933: 4928: 4884:Carrefour Pleyel 4757: 4750: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4717:(United Kingdom) 4669: 4662: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4635: 4622: 4604: 4564: 4538: 4519: 4489:Conrad Rudolph, 4486: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4339: 4330: 4329:, Berkeley, 1992 4323: 4317: 4311: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4246: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4205: 4204: 4192: 4183: 4177: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4083:10.2307/25068292 4062: 4056: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4026: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3856: 3850: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3790: 3784: 3777: 3771: 3768:The Art Bulletin 3764: 3758: 3756:The Gothic World 3752: 3746: 3738: 3732: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3685: 3678: 3672: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3574: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3439: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3406: 3400: 3395: 3386: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3317: 3316: 3305: 3304: 3237: 3221: 3209: 3197: 2983:Marie Antoinette 2921:Louise of France 2808:le Grand Dauphin 2692:Marie Antoinette 2690:(1754–1793) and 2638:(1519–1559) and 2523:Charles the Bald 2517:Bertrada of Laon 2456:Louis Philippe I 2240: 2205: 2193: 2154:on a choir stall 2148: 2132: 2120: 2097:was carved with 2061: 2046: 2031: 2013:Marie Antoinette 2004: 1988: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1925:Louis Philippe I 1910: 1898: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1789: 1735:Marie-Antoinette 1710:The monument to 1705:Anne of Brittany 1683: 1663: 1652:Anne de Bretagne 1643: 1631:Robert the Pious 1600:Fontevraud Abbey 1592:Alexandre Lenoir 1588:Marie Antoinette 1542: 1530: 1520:Marie-Antoinette 1511: 1476: 1464: 1452: 1440: 1409: 1397: 1385: 1366: 1334: 1322: 1310: 1271: 1259: 1247: 1235: 1170: 1158: 1146: 1117:Suivez la flèche 1099: 1022: 1010: 965: 953: 937:Legion of Honour 922: 919: 910:Marie de' Medici 906:Wars of Religion 889: 874: 842:Rayonnant Gothic 803: 779: 645: 629: 614: 605:window (19th c.) 601:depicted in the 595: 558:foundation myths 533: 521: 505: 431: 416: 303:, the relics of 239: 186: 184: 179: 114: 113: 111: 110: 109: 104: 100: 97: 96: 95: 92: 73: 63: 55: 42: 41: 21: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8044: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7909: 7901: 7897:Former dioceses 7870: 7847: 7840: 7826:Diocese of Metz 7809: 7783: 7762: 7736: 7700: 7649: 7645:Diocese of Séez 7608: 7552: 7506: 7470: 7419: 7383: 7379:Diocese of Nice 7332: 7281: 7255: 7219: 7188: 7169:Diocese of Agen 7152: 7111: 7102: 7097: 7067: 7062: 6971: 6910: 6901: 6760:Parisian region 6755: 6750: 6720: 6715: 6689: 6628:Les Deux Magots 6598:Bateaux Mouches 6576: 6518: 6514:Vaux-le-Vicomte 6509:Stade de France 6435:Disneyland Park 6332: 6328:Picpus Cemetery 6287: 6243:Piscine Molitor 6206: 6192:Parc Montsouris 6109: 6090:Rue Sainte-Anne 6085:Rue Saint-Denis 6075:Rue des Rosiers 6070:Rue Pastourelle 6050:Rue Montorgueil 5975:Rue Charlemagne 5915:Place du Tertre 5753:Avenue George V 5735: 5733: 5727: 5649:Hôtel d'Estrées 5621: 5615: 5596:Sainte-Clotilde 5591:Sainte-Chapelle 5476:Grand Synagogue 5456:American Church 5432: 5341:Musée du Louvre 5306:Musée Bourdelle 5261:Centre Pompidou 5234: 5226: 5067:Arc de Triomphe 5053: 5048: 5018: 5013: 5009:Le Franc-Moisin 4997: 4976: 4903: 4864: 4840:Stade de France 4828: 4807: 4778:Lycée Bartholdi 4766: 4761: 4731: 4726: 4685:Palatinal Crypt 4676: 4673: 4633: 4620: 4602: 4578: 4567:Watson, Bruce, 4561: 4535: 4516: 4483: 4451: 4446: 4432: 4430: 4412: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4364:, resting on a 4359: 4355: 4349: 4340: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4314:Martindale 1967 4312: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4250:Daily Telegraph 4239: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4215: 4208: 4193: 4186: 4178: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4063: 4059: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4004: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3859: 3851: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3791: 3787: 3778: 3774: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3739: 3735: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3688: 3679: 3675: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3577: 3568: 3564: 3560:, Longman, 1998 3555: 3551: 3544: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3503:Vita S. Eligius 3501: 3497: 3493:, pp. 2–3. 3489: 3485: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3389: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3314: 3308:External videos 3303: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3238: 3229: 3222: 3213: 3210: 3201: 3198: 3189: 3178:– The heart of 3145:François Debret 3028:Saint Genevieve 3011:– Martyrdom of 3005: 2927:Louis of France 2872:Louis of France 2857:Louis of France 2804:Louis of France 2713: 2513:Pepin the Short 2487:(third wife of 2436:kings of France 2432: 2318:in background, 2287: 2281: 2257: 2251: 2209: 2206: 2197: 2194: 2185: 2155: 2149: 2140: 2133: 2124: 2121: 2112: 2069: 2062: 2053: 2047: 2038: 2032: 2023: 2005: 1996: 1989: 1980: 1970: 1961: 1958: 1949: 1946: 1937: 1920:François Debret 1914: 1911: 1902: 1899: 1864: 1861: 1852: 1849: 1840: 1837: 1828: 1823: 1793: 1790: 1781: 1695: 1692:Pierre Bontemps 1686:Funeral urn of 1684: 1675: 1664: 1655: 1644: 1550: 1543: 1534: 1531: 1522: 1512: 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6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5990:Rue de la Paix 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5955:Port du Louvre 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5855:Place Dauphine 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5785: 5783:Champs-Élysées 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5739: 5737: 5734:areas, squares 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5719: 5718: 5708: 5706:Palais Bourbon 5703: 5702: 5701: 5691: 5689:Hôtel Matignon 5686: 5681: 5679:Hôtel de Ville 5676: 5674:Hôtel de Sully 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5601:Sainte-Trinité 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5531:Saint-Eustache 5528: 5523: 5521:Saint-Augustin 5518: 5516:Saint Ambroise 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 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London, UK. 4233: 4229:Plagnieux 1998 4221: 4217:Plagnieux 1998 4206: 4184: 4180:Plagnieux 1998 4169: 4165:Plagnieux 1998 4157: 4153:Plagnieux 1998 4145: 4141:Plagnieux 1998 4133: 4129:Plagnieux 1998 4116: 4112:Plagnieux 1998 4104: 4077:(3): 334–355. 4057: 4044: 4040:Plagnieux 1998 4027: 4013: 3998: 3979: 3953: 3924: 3920:Plagnieux 1998 3912: 3886: 3882:Plagnieux 1998 3874: 3870:Plagnieux 1998 3857: 3853:Plagnieux 1998 3834: 3830:Plagnieux 1998 3822: 3818:Plagnieux 1998 3810: 3798: 3785: 3772: 3759: 3747: 3733: 3713: 3709:Plagnieux 1998 3701: 3697:Plagnieux 1998 3686: 3673: 3660: 3651: 3639: 3637:, p. 241. 3627: 3625:, p. 127. 3606: 3602:Plagnieux 1998 3594: 3590:Plagnieux 1998 3575: 3562: 3549: 3543:978-9251005132 3542: 3522: 3518:Plagnieux 1998 3510: 3495: 3491:Plagnieux 1998 3483: 3468: 3464:Plagnieux 1998 3456: 3431: 3419: 3401: 3387: 3376: 3374:, p. 346. 3361: 3349: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3260: 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2141: 2134: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104:Musée de Cluny 2071: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2054: 2048: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2021:Pierre Petitot 2006: 1999: 1997: 1995:(13th century) 1990: 1983: 1981: 1971: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1893: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1757:Viollet-le-Duc 1697: 1696: 1685: 1678: 1676: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1645: 1638: 1623:Charles Martel 1552: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1525: 1523: 1513: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1380: 1378: 1368: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1200:Musée de Cluny 1176: 1175: 1172: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1153: 1151: 1149:The west front 1148: 1141: 1137: 1136:The west front 1134: 1132: 1129: 1108:Saint-Denis". 1105: 1104: 1101: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1005: 1001: 998: 974: 973: 967: 960: 958: 955: 948: 944: 941: 914:Valois Dynasty 898: 897: 891: 884: 882: 876: 869: 865: 862: 809: 808: 805: 798: 796: 781: 774: 770: 767: 709: 706: 688: 685: 659: 658: 647: 640: 638: 631: 624: 622: 616: 609: 607: 597: 590: 586: 583: 581:12th century. 539: 538: 535: 528: 526: 523: 516: 514: 507: 500: 496: 493: 445:, King of the 440: 439: 433: 426: 424: 418: 411: 371: 370:Early churches 368: 366: 363: 351:Minor Basilica 330:Gothic style. 222: 221: 216: 210: 209: 205: 204: 199: 193: 192: 191:Administration 188: 187: 174: 172:Groundbreaking 168: 167: 162: 156: 155: 151: 150: 145: 139: 138: 133: 127: 126: 120: 116: 115: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 50: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8052: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7930: 7920: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7812: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7765: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7703: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7473: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7335: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7191: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7155: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7105: 7101: 7094: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7080: 7075: 7074: 7071: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6908: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6877:Saint-Vincent 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6867:Saint-Germain 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6852:Père Lachaise 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6802:Les Invalides 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6742: 6740: 6735: 6733: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593:Bateau-Lavoir 6591: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6398:Petit Trianon 6395: 6394:Grand Trianon 6391: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6167:Parc de Bercy 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6065:Rue Mondétour 6063: 6061: 6060:Rue Rambuteau 6058: 6056: 6055:Rue Radziwill 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6010:Rue de Rivoli 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5970:Rue Bonaparte 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5945:Pont des Arts 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:Place Vendôme 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5830:Latin Quarter 5828: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5778:Champ de Mars 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736:and waterways 5730: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5684:Hôtel Lambert 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5664:Hôtel de Sens 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5629:Élysée Palace 5627: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5581:Saint-Sulpice 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401:Musée Picasso 5399: 5397: 5396:Musée Pasteur 5394: 5392: 5391:Musée d'Orsay 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178:Opéra Garnier 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5163:Luxor Obelisk 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5153:Les Invalides 5151: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5107:Gare de l'Est 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5033: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5022: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4751: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4670: 4665: 4663: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4640: 4637: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4452: 4442: 4439: 4429: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4374: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4336: 4328: 4325:Pamela Blum, 4322: 4316:, p. 42. 4315: 4310: 4308: 4300: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4245: 4237: 4231:, p. 47. 4230: 4225: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4189: 4182:, p. 46. 4181: 4176: 4174: 4167:, p. 24. 4166: 4161: 4155:, p. 12. 4154: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4114:, p. 15. 4113: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4048: 4042:, p. 16. 4041: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4023: 4017: 4009: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3916: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3884:, p. 22. 3883: 3878: 3872:, p. 32. 3871: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3855:, p. 18. 3854: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3789: 3782: 3776: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3754:John Harvey, 3751: 3744: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3711:, p. 10. 3710: 3705: 3698: 3693: 3691: 3683: 3677: 3670: 3667:Lindy Grant, 3664: 3655: 3648: 3643: 3636: 3635:O'Hanlon 1873 3631: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3604:, p. 11. 3603: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3566: 3559: 3556:Lindy Grant, 3553: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3526: 3519: 3514: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3487: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3444: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3358: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3320: 3311: 3306: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3255: 3242: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3190: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3006: 2997: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806:(1661–1711), 2805: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748:(1627–1693), 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2491:), (died 597) 2490: 2486: 2483: 2481:(515/520–580) 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2369:and his wife 2368: 2363: 2355: 2349: 2348:Germain Pilon 2345: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2302: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2228: 2225:. 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Retrieved 4392:the original 4382: 4373: 4356: 4342:Base Palissy 4326: 4321: 4294: 4289:, p. 9. 4267:. Retrieved 4248: 4236: 4224: 4200: 4160: 4148: 4136: 4131:, p. 8. 4107: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4052: 4047: 4016: 4001: 3992: 3982: 3972:26 September 3970:. Retrieved 3965: 3956: 3946:26 September 3944:. Retrieved 3937: 3927: 3915: 3905:26 September 3903:. Retrieved 3898: 3889: 3877: 3825: 3813: 3801: 3793: 3788: 3780: 3775: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3741: 3736: 3721: 3716: 3704: 3682:Art Bulletin 3681: 3676: 3668: 3663: 3654: 3642: 3630: 3597: 3592:, p. 4. 3570: 3565: 3557: 3552: 3532: 3525: 3520:, p. 3. 3513: 3502: 3498: 3486: 3477: 3471: 3466:, p. 2. 3459: 3447:. Retrieved 3422: 3412: 3404: 3379: 3352: 3343: 3334: 3175: 3165: 3159: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3116: 3106: 3096: 3091:c. 1320–1324 3090: 3077: 3071: 3061: 3051: 3042: 3032: 3023: 3017: 3008: 2807: 2749: 2473:Childebert I 2433: 2346:, carved by 2326:d. 1316 and 2258: 2223:Barker lever 2220: 2212: 2158: 2110:Choir stalls 2092: 2084: 2076:jamb figures 2075: 2072: 1978:Childebert I 1917: 1867: 1796: 1751: 1724: 1709: 1698: 1690:by sculptor 1616: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1553: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1416: 1376:of St Denis. 1345: 1341: 1292: 1278: 1215: 1211:Resurrection 1204: 1196: 1184: 1180:Holy Trinity 1177: 1116: 1110: 1106: 1083:Napoleon III 1072: 1056: 1041: 1033: 995: 987: 975: 899: 854:rose windows 839: 834: 810: 751: 747: 739: 731: 723: 715: 711: 702: 698: 694: 690: 674: 660: 579: 563: 555: 540: 480: 472: 462: 441: 378:, the first 373: 359: 339:Pope Paul VI 332: 313: 309:patron saint 289: 254: 227: 225: 154:Architecture 131:Denomination 36: 7846:Ordinariate 6862:Saint-Denis 6772:Batignolles 6648:Paris Métro 6447:Exploradôme 6218:Accor Arena 6140:Parc floral 6045:Rue Molière 6035:Rue Elzévir 5960:Rive Gauche 5935:Pont d'Iéna 5850:Place Diana 5748:Avenue Foch 5622:and palaces 5411:Musée Rodin 5246:Army Museum 5193:Place Diana 4952:Saint-Denis 4870:Paris Métro 4855:Tour Pleyel 4788:Lycée Suger 4764:Saint-Denis 4715:Royal Vault 4697:Royal Crypt 4634:(in French) 4621:(in French) 4603:(in French) 4498:Art History 4398:18 December 4350:(in French) 4010:. Le Monde. 3942:(in French) 3939:Le Parisien 3647:Watkin 1986 3623:Watkin 1986 3357:Watkin 1986 3047:Charlemagne 3013:Saint Denis 2706:(1755–1824) 2704:Louis XVIII 2694:(1755–1793) 2684:(1710–1774) 2678:(1638–1715) 2672:(1601–1643) 2666:(1553–1610) 2648:(1544–1560) 2642:(1519–1589) 2632:(1494–1547) 2626:(1462–1515) 2620:(1470–1498) 2614:(1403–1461) 2602:(1268–1314) 2596:(1248–1271) 2580:(1214–1270) 2573:(1165–1223) 2567:(1140–1160) 2557:(1081–1137) 2551:(1008–1060) 2533:Carloman II 2489:Chilperic I 2440:Charlemagne 2269:Saint Louis 2265:Charlemagne 2261:Abbot Suger 2017:Edme Gaulle 1803:Simon Vouet 1753:Louis XVIII 1727:Louis XVIII 1495:misericords 1052:Louis XVIII 921: 1700 782:The glazed 662:Abbot Suger 599:Abbot Suger 547:Charlemagne 455:Benedictine 376:Saint Denis 316:Abbot Suger 305:Saint Denis 269:Louis XVIII 242:Saint-Denis 202:Saint-Denis 123:Saint-Denis 106: / 7944:Categories 6872:Saint-Ouen 6817:Montmartre 6413:La Défense 6292:Cemeteries 5840:Montmartre 5576:Saint-Roch 5511:Sacré-Cœur 5256:Carnavalet 4913:Transilien 4560:0712612793 4482:2878110587 4473:Gothic Art 4346:PM93000477 3730:0131935070 3372:Lours 2018 3327:References 3180:Louis XVII 3086:necropolis 2698:Louis XVII 2670:Louis XIII 2652:Charles IX 2646:Francis II 2545:(986–1032) 2495:Dagobert I 2408:Charles VI 2296:(or Anjou) 2283:See also: 2161:misericord 2152:Misericord 2080:Montfaucon 2066:François I 2011:and Queen 1807:Louis XIII 1773:Louis XVII 1720:Primatrice 1688:Francois I 1556:Hugh Capet 1547:Dagobert I 1424:clerestory 1202:in Paris. 1188:St Etienne 788:clerestory 443:Dagobert I 420:Dagobert I 392:Montmartre 301:Dagobert I 277:Protestant 261:necropolis 257:pilgrimage 148:Roman Rite 91:48°56′08″N 6827:Montrouge 6812:Madeleine 6777:Catacombs 6653:entrances 6100:Trocadéro 5965:Rue Basse 5950:Pont Neuf 5835:Le Marais 5803:Panoramas 5087:Catacombs 5059:Landmarks 4909:Paris RER 4833:Landmarks 4699:(Belgium) 4693:(Austria) 4687:(Hungary) 4366:prie-dieu 4259:0307-1235 4091:0037-9808 3993:The Times 3062:1140–1144 3052:1122–1151 3018:After 313 3009:c. 250 AD 2979:Louis XVI 2688:Louis XVI 2676:Louis XIV 2658:Henry III 2535:(866–884) 2529:(823–869) 2509:(686–741) 2503:(634–657) 2501:Clovis II 2497:(603–639) 2485:Fredegund 2475:(496–558) 2469:(466–511) 2452:Charles X 2420:Charles V 2393:Philip IV 2365:Tombs of 2320:Robert II 2177:marquetry 2137:marquetry 2068:(16th c.) 2009:Louis XVI 1935:Sculpture 1879:Griffonsa 1765:Louis VII 1731:Louis XVI 1701:Louis XII 1648:Louis XII 1516:Louis XVI 1420:triforium 1370:Rayonnant 1054:in 1824. 1048:Madeleine 1044:Louis XVI 850:triforium 814:Rayonnant 792:Rayonnant 784:triforium 726:rib vault 681:oriflamme 670:Louis VII 654:Oriflamme 634:Oriflamme 469:goldsmith 458:monastery 435:Clovis II 405:Clothar I 397:martyrium 384:Clement I 328:Rayonnant 230:(French: 214:Bishop(s) 143:Tradition 94:2°21′35″E 7875:See also 6837:Panthéon 6792:Grenelle 6782:Errancis 6623:La Ruche 6572:Solidays 5818:Jouffroy 5798:Choiseul 5217:Sorbonne 5183:Panthéon 4915:stations 4872:stations 4723:(France) 4705:(Serbia) 4433:2 August 4269:12 March 4263:Archived 4099:25068292 3449:30 April 3259:See also 3136:Napoleon 3082:Louis IX 3037:Dagobert 3003:Timeline 2682:Louis XV 2664:Henry IV 2636:Henry II 2467:Clovis I 2454:, & 2448:Louis XI 2444:Philip I 2391:Tomb of 2380:Tomb of 2340:Henry II 2304:Tomb of 2249:Treasury 2095:tympanum 2049:Bust of 1993:Dagobert 1974:Clovis I 1972:Tomb of 1887:Crusades 1885:and the 1809:for the 1779:Sacristy 1666:Tomb of 1646:Tomb of 1619:Louis IX 1579:Henry IV 1564:Clovis I 1545:Tomb of 1351:Interior 1209:and the 1131:Exterior 1057:In 1813 831:effigies 666:Louis VI 483:ciborium 281:Catholic 136:Catholic 125:, France 119:Location 6787:Gonards 6767:Bagneux 6694:Related 6633:Maxim's 6494:Provins 6386:Château 5232:Museums 4711:(Italy) 4410:Sources 3743:England 3226:Trinity 3187:Gallery 3113:dynasty 3033:626–639 3024:451–459 2479:Aregund 2330:d. 1349 2316:Henry I 2279:Burials 2227:manuals 2167:in the 1813:of the 1811:retable 1739:Dauphin 1612:ossuary 1372:Gothic 929:rotunda 846:tracery 835:gisants 812:in the 743:narthex 719:Osmanna 510:Hilduin 465:Eligius 388:Parisii 365:History 355:Vatican 353:by the 285:regalia 197:Diocese 181: ( 6897:Thiais 6857:Picpus 6842:Pantin 5082:Bourse 4981:Events 4557: 4531: 4512: 4493:(1990) 4479: 4464: 4362:missal 4257: 4097: 4089: 3728: 3540: 3248:Abbots 3111:Valois 3066:chevet 2328:Jeanne 2324:John I 2271:, and 2231:pedals 1743:Temple 1694:(1556) 1674:(1559) 1654:(1515) 1281:chevet 933:Valois 763:Sicily 570:facade 447:Franks 320:Gothic 259:and a 208:Clergy 165:Gothic 60:French 56: 6847:Passy 6581:Other 5823:Brady 5813:Havre 5168:Odéon 5002:Areas 4095:JSTOR 3056:Suger 2430:Kings 2183:Organ 1374:choir 648:King 451:Abbey 246:choir 160:Style 6396:and 6388:and 5237:list 5134:and 4911:and 4555:ISBN 4529:ISBN 4510:ISBN 4477:ISBN 4462:ISBN 4435:2021 4400:2012 4271:2021 4255:ISSN 4087:ISSN 3974:2018 3948:2018 3907:2018 3726:ISBN 3538:ISBN 3451:2019 3176:2004 3166:1966 3160:1862 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Basilica of Saint-Denis

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