House of Plantagenet

2512: 2640: 1671: 2916: 1888: 210: 129: 4208: 505: 4102: 3532: 2085: 343: 388: 2738: 1219: 49: 1801: 353: 3877: 4333:, to marry Ursula Pole, giving the Staffords a further line of royal blood descent. Buckingham himself was arrested in April 1521; he was found guilty on 16 May and executed the next day. Evidence was provided that the duke had been listening to prophecies that he would be king and that the Tudor family lay under God's curse for the execution of Warwick. This was said to explain Henry VIII's failure to produce a male heir. Much of this evidence consisted of ill-judged comments, speculation and bad temper, but it underlined the threat presented by Buckingham's descent. 236: 105: 447: 515: 2811: 1383: 193: 117: 223: 92: 376: 2287: 525: 3299: 535: 2715:, captured the king. Edward II abdicated on condition that his son would inherit the throne rather than Mortimer. Although there is no historical record of the cause of death, he is popularly believed to have been murdered at Berkeley Castle by having a red-hot poker thrust into his bowels. A coup by Edward III ended four years of control by Isabella and Mortimer. Mortimer was executed. Though removed from power, Isabella was treated well, and lived in luxury for the next 27 years. 424: 13183: 2581:"entirely separate from" England but Edward viewed him to be "a rebel and disturber of the peace". Edward's determination, military experience and skilful naval manoeuvres ended what was to him rebellion. The invasion was executed by one of the largest armies ever assembled by an English king, comprising Anglo-Norman cavalry and Welsh archers and laying the foundation for future victories in France. Llywelyn was driven into the mountains, later dying in battle. The 272: 3775:, and the four-year-old orphan Richard was his heir. Within months of his father's death, Richard's childless uncle, Edward Duke of York, was killed at Agincourt. Richard was allowed to inherit the title of Duke of York in 1426. In 1432 he acquired the earldoms of March and Ulster on the death of his maternal uncle Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, who had died campaigning with Henry V in France, and the earldom of Cambridge which had belonged to his father. 284: 436: 320: 308: 482: 364: 470: 248: 412: 260: 332: 458: 1879:. In Richard's absence, Philip II overran large portions of Normandy and John acquired control of Richard's English lands. After returning to England, Richard forgave John and re-established his authority in England. He left again in 1194 and battled Philip for five years, attempting to regain the lands seized during his captivity. When close to complete victory, he was injured by an arrow during a siege and died ten days later. 181: 80: 989:, which constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare, but had defined duties to the realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by their conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, as well as by the establishment of 494: 296: 400: 1934:. As a result of John's behaviour the powerful Thouars, Lusignan, and des Roches families rebelled and John lost control of Anjou, Maine, Touraine, and northern Poitou. His son, King Henry III, maintained the claim to the Angevin territories until December 1259 when he formally surrendered them and in return was granted Gascony as duke of Aquitaine and a vassal of the king of France. 1060: 1735:, governing relations between the king, his courts and the church. When Becket tried to leave the country without permission, Henry tried to ruin him by filing legal cases relating to Becket's previous tenure as chancellor. Becket fled and remained in exile for five years. Relations later improved, and Becket returned, but they declined again when Henry's son was crowned as 1204:

The "Empire" portion of "Angevin Empire" has been controversial, especially as these territories were not subject to any unified laws or systems of governance, and each retained its own laws, traditions, and feudal relationships. In 1986, a convention of historians concluded that there had not been an Angevin state, and therefore no "Angevin Empire", but that the term

1434:, who wrote in the 1190s, Count Geoffrey decided that Henry would receive England and Anjou for as long as he needed the resources for the conflict against Stephen. Count Geoffrey instructed that his body should not be buried until Henry swore an oath that the young Geoffrey would receive Anjou when England and Normandy were secured. 2481:, Edward imposed his authority over the Church; the statutes prohibited land donation to the Church, asserted the rights of the Crown at the expense of traditional feudal privileges, promoted the uniform administration of justice, raised income and codified the legal system. His military campaigns left him in heavy debt and when 1172:. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other 2616:, who duly swore loyalty to him and became king. Edward insisted that he was Scotland's sovereign and possessed the right to hear appeals against Balliol's judgements, undermining Balliol's authority. Balliol allied with France in 1295; Edward invaded Scotland the following year, deposing and exiling Balliol. 4285:

Margaret was attainted. The possibility of an invasion involving Reginald via her south coast estates and her embittered relationship with Henry VIII precluded any chance of pardon. However, the decision to execute her seems a spontaneous, rather than a premeditated, act. According to the Calendar of

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claiming to be Edward IV's son Richard of Shrewsbury, and supposedly Warbeck's later planned escape for them both; Warwick was executed in 1499; with his death the House of Plantagenet went extinct in the legitimate male line. Edward's execution may simply have been a precondition for the marriage of

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maintained the terms of the treaty of Brétigny but encouraged others in Aquitaine to challenge the authority of the Plantagenets in Aquitaine. The prince, who had suffered a debilitating illness for nearly a decade which often restricted his movement to being carried in a litter, returned to England,

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Following Richard's coronation, he quickly put the kingdom's affairs in order and departed on a Crusade for the Middle East. Opinion of Richard has fluctuated. He was respected for his military leadership and courtly manners. He rejected and humiliated the sister of the king of France. He deposed the

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reasserted their various claims, exploiting the aging Henry's failing health. Henry was forced to accept humiliating peace terms, including naming Richard his sole heir. The old King died two days later, defeated and miserable. French and English contemporary moralists viewed this fate as retribution

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I have labored to make a covenant with myself, that affection may not press upon judgement; for I suppose there is no man that hath any apprehension of gentry or nobleness, but his affection stands to the continuance of a house so illustrious, and would take hold of a twig or twine-thread to support

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difficulties led to frequent legal conflicts and Edmund's indictment for murder in 1501. He fled with his brother Richard, while their remaining brother, William, was imprisoned in the Tower—where he would remain until his death 37 years later—as part of a general suppression of Edmund's associates.

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wrote that Richard stated: "You might as well say, 'I make you a present of the moon – step up to the sky and take it down'." Instead, Henry purchased the kingdom for his son Edmund, which angered many powerful barons. The barons led by Henry's brother-in-law Simon de Montfort forced him to agree to

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is a falsification of an existing letter and that was not in fact Adrian's intention. It originally allowed Henry's brother William some territory. Henry did not personally act on this until 1171, by which time William was already dead. He invaded Ireland to assert his authority over knights who had

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It was also driven by multiple harvest failures in the 1430s and disease amongst livestock, which drove up the price of food and damaged the wider economy. Certain groups were particularly badly affected: cloth exports fell by 35 per cent in just four years at the end of the 1440s, collapsing by up

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In early 1225, a great council approved a tax of £40,000 to dispatch an army, which quickly retook Gascony. During an assembly feudal prerogatives of the king were challenged by the barons, bishops and magnates who demanded that the king reissue Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest in exchange

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led the magnates of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine declaring for Arthur. Once again Philip II of France attempted to disturb the Plantagenet territories on the European mainland by supporting his vassal Arthur's claim to the English crown. John won a significant victory while preventing Arthur's forces

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in 1887. There was no known contemporary collective name for all of the territories under the rule of the Angevin Kings of England. This led to circumlocutions such as "our kingdom and everything subject to our rule whatever it may be" or "the whole of the kingdom which had belonged to his father".

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John de la Pole's attainder meant that his brother Edmund inherited their father's titles, but much of the wealth of the duchy of Suffolk was forfeit. Edmund did not possess sufficient finances to maintain his status as a duke, so as a compromise he accepted the title of earl of Suffolk. Financial

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Becket later excommunicated those who had offended him. When he received this news, Henry said: "What miserable drones and traitors have I nurtured and promoted in my household who let their lord be treated with such shameful contempt by a low-born clerk." Four of Henry's knights killed Becket in

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noted Henry VIII's pronounced resemblance to his grandfather Edward: "For just as Edward was the most warmly thought of by the English people amongst all English kings, so this successor of his, Henry, was very much like him in general appearance, in greatness of mind and generosity and for that

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When Henry II was born in 1133, his maternal grandfather, Henry I, was reportedly delighted, saying that the boy was "the heir to the kingdom". The birth reduced the risk that the King's realm would pass to his son-in-law's family, which was possible if the marriage of Matilda and Geoffrey ended

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cast doubt on this account on the grounds that it was written later, based on a single contemporary source, it would be questionable that either Geoffrey or Henry would consider such an oath binding and it would break the inheritance practice of the time. The young Geoffrey died in 1158, before

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By the mid-1470s, the victorious House of York looked safely established, with seven living male princes: Edward IV, his two sons, his brother George and George's son, his brother Richard and Richard's son. Edward and Elizabeth Woodville themselves had ten children, seven of whom survived him:

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When John of Gaunt died in 1399, Richard disinherited John's son, Henry, who invaded England in response with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Meeting little resistance, Henry deposed Richard to have himself crowned Henry IV of England. Richard died in captivity early the next year,

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prevaricated over their commitments for the following nine years. Hostages from the Valois family were held in London while John returned to France to raise his ransom. Edward had restored the lands of the former Angevin Empire, holding Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, Maine and the coastline from

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To reach agreement, clauses were removed that would have had Edward renounce his claim to the French crown in return for territory in Aquitaine and the town of Calais. These were entered in another agreement to be effected only after the transfer of territory by November 1361, but both sides

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identifies diplomatic and military mismanagement and points out that Richard managed to hold the Angevin territory with comparable finances. Nick Barratt has calculated that Angevin resources available for use in the war were 22 per cent less than those of Philip, putting the Angevins at a

3376:, had all his possessions confiscated. Several of Richard's council were executed. On John of Gaunt's return from Spain, Richard was able to re-establish his power, having Gloucester murdered in captivity in Calais. Warwick was stripped of his title. Bolingbroke and Mowbray were exiled. 2476:

Evidence for Edward's involvement in legal reform is hard to find but his reign saw a major programme of legal change. Much of the drive and determination is likely to have come from the king and his experience of the baronial reform movement of the late 1250s and early 1260s. With the

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and launch a handful of raids. After surviving an assassination attempt, Edward left for Sicily later in the year, never to participate in a crusade again. When Henry III died, Edward acceded to the throne; the barons swore allegiance to him even though he did not return for two years.

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John disregarded his allies' opinions on the fate of the prisoners, many of them their neighbours and kinsmen. Instead he kept his prisoners so vilely and in such evil distress that it seemed shameful and ugly to all those who were with him and who saw this cruelty, according to the

1988:, Henry II's granddaughter, to invade England. Louis did so but in October 1216, before the conflict was conclusively ended, John died. The official website of the British Monarchy presents John's death as the end of the Angevin dynasty and the beginning of the Plantagenet dynasty. 3893:

When Henry VI had a mental breakdown, Richard was named regent, but the birth of a male heir resolved the question of succession. When Henry's sanity returned, the court party reasserted its authority, but Richard of York and the Nevilles defeated them at a skirmish called the

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Depopulation stemming from the Black Death led to increased wages, static food costs and a resulting improvement in the standard of living for the peasantry. However, under Henry misgovernment and harvest failures depressed the English economy to a pitiful state known as the

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Edward's long reign had forged a new national identity, reinforced by Middle English beginning to establish itself as the spoken and written language of government. As a result, he is considered by many historians in cultural respects the first 'English' post-conquest ruler.

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In order to secure an orderly succession, Geoffrey and Matilda sought more power from Henry I, but quarrelled with him after the king refused to give them power that might be used against him. When he died in December 1135, the couple were in Anjou, allowing Matilda's cousin

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Count Geoffrey had little interest in England. Instead he commenced a ten-year war for the duchy of Normandy, but it became clear that to bring this conflict to a successful conclusion, Stephen would need to be challenged in England. In 1139, Matilda and her half-brother,

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seized the throne there were eighteen Plantagenet descendants who might today be thought to have a stronger hereditary claim, and by 1510 this number had been increased further by the birth of sixteen Yorkist children. Henry mitigated this situation with his marriage to

4321:. In 1502, during Henry VII's illness, there was debate as to whether Buckingham or Edmund de la Pole should act as regent for Henry VIII. There is no evidence of continuous hostility between Buckingham and Henry VIII, but there is little doubt of the duke's dislike of 3782:

arguably a superior claim. He emphasised the point by being the first to assume the Plantagenet surname in 1448. Having inherited the March and Ulster titles, he became the wealthiest and most powerful noble in England, second only to the king himself. Richard married

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Edward was less successful in Gascony, which was overrun by the French. With his resources depleting, Edward was forced to reconfirm the Charters, including Magna Carta, to obtain the necessary funds. In 1303 the French king restored Gascony to Edward by signing the

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and Brie. Later Lancastrians would attempt to use Henry IV's maternal descent from Edmund to legitimise his claim to the throne, spuriously claiming that Edmund was the eldest son of Henry III but had not become king due to deformity. Through his second marriage to

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after Becket resisted a failed arrest attempt. Henry was widely considered complicit in Becket's death throughout Christian Europe. This made Henry a pariah; in penance, he walked barefoot into Canterbury Cathedral, where he was severely whipped by monks.

4074:, plotted against his brother and was executed. Following Edward's premature death in 1483, the Three Estates of the Realm, assembled in an informal Parliament, declared Edward's two sons illegitimate on the grounds of an alleged prior marriage to 2125:

in 1217. The Marshal regime issued an amended Magna Carta as a basis for future government. Despite the Treaty of Lambeth, hostilities continued and Henry was forced to compromise with the newly crowned Louis VIII of France and Henry's stepfather,

1402:, increased the likelihood of partible inheritance following French custom, in which Henry would receive the English maternal inheritance and Geoffrey the Angevin paternal inheritance. This would separate the realms of England and Anjou. 2775:. In response, Edward proclaimed himself king of France to encourage the Flemish to rise in open rebellion against the French king. The conflict, later known as the Hundred Years' War, included a significant English naval victory at the 1418:, invaded England. From the age of nine, Henry was repeatedly sent to England to be the male figurehead of the campaigns, since it became apparent that he would become king if England were conquered. In 1141, Stephen was captured at the 3380:

probably murdered, bringing an end to the main Plantagenet line. None of Henry's heirs were free from challenge on the grounds of not being the true heir of Richard II and that the Lancastrian dynasty had gained the throne by an act of

4282:, his wife and 11-year-old son. Courteney's wife was released two years later, but their son spent 15 years in the Tower until Queen Mary released him. Except for the surviving Geoffrey Pole, all the others implicated were beheaded. 2461:(1301 to 1330). Edmund's loyalty to his half-brother, Edward II, resulted in his execution by order of the rebel Mortimer and his lover, Edward's queen, Isabella. His daughter, Joan, inherited his estates and married her own cousin, 4230:, his half-cousin and trusted supporter, was not auspicious. Nevertheless, it did allow the couple to be closely involved in court affairs. Margaret's fortunes improved under Henry VIII and in February 1512 she was restored to the 2130:. They both overran much of Henry's remaining continental lands, further eroding the Angevins' power on the continent. In his political struggles, Henry perceived many similarities between himself and England's patron saint, 1353:. Henry I had the marriage annulled to avoid strengthening William's rival claim to Normandy. Finally Fulk achieved his goal through the marriage of Geoffrey and Matilda. Fulk then passed his titles to Geoffrey and became 2684:

in 1314, confirming Bruce's position as an independent king of Scots, leading to Lancaster being appointed head of the king's council. Edward finally repealed the Ordinances after defeating and executing Lancaster at the

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and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were commonplace, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied

3909:, which stated that Henry would remain as king for his lifetime, but would be succeeded by York. Margaret found this disregard for her son's claims unacceptable, and so the conflict continued. York was killed at the 4286:

State Papers, her execution was botched at the hands of "a wretched and blundering youth ... who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". In 1886 she was beatified by Pope

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Henry reasserted and extended previous suzerainties to secure possession of his inherited realm. In 1162, he attempted to re-establish what he saw as his authority over the English Church by appointing his friend

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wrote to Henry VIII, in which Reginald declared his opposition to the royal supremacy. In 1538 evidence came to light that Pole family members in England had been in communication with Reginald. Margaret's sons

1941:, that while drunk he himself had murdered Arthur, and if not true it is almost certain John ordered the killing. There are two contrasting schools of thought explaining the sudden collapse of John's position. 2767:

and Charles IV's succession over his nieces meant that the senior grandson of Philip III in the male line, Phillip of Valois, became king. Not yet in power, Edward paid homage to Phillip as Duke of Aquitaine.

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and later exchanged for Robert, who had also been captured. Geoffrey continued the conquest of Normandy and, in 1150, transferred the duchy to Henry while retaining the primary role in the duchy's government.

1965:, and his half-brother William attacked from the north. He also brought his niece Eleanor of Brittany, aiming to establish her as Duchess of Brittany. The plan failed when John's allies were defeated at the 2704:, who travelled to France to give homage in his stead. With the English heir in her power, Isabella refused to return to England unless Edward II dismissed his favourites, and she became the mistress of 2679:

When Gaveston returned again to England, he was abducted and executed after a mock trial. The ramifications of this drove Thomas and his adherents from power. Edward's humiliating defeat by Bruce at the

3707:, a conspiracy to depose Henry V in favour of Richard's brother-in-law Edmund Mortimer. When Mortimer revealed the plot to the king, Richard was executed for treason. Richard's childless older brother 3160:

on 13 January 1396. Their four children were born before they married. The pope legitimised them in 1396, as did Richard II by charter, on the condition that their children could not ascend the throne:

1520:. The eldest amongst the couple's children, Richenza, is probably the daughter English chroniclers call Matilda, who was left in Normandy with her grandparents in 1185 and married firstly to Geoffrey, 4305:, combined multiple lines of Plantagenet descent: from Edward III by his son Thomas of Woodstock, from Edward III via two of his Beaufort grandchildren, and from Edward I from Joan of Kent and the 4187:

had recognised as king of England the previous year, claimed the kingship in his own right. Richard, known as the White Rose, plotted an invasion of England for years but was killed in 1525 at the

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By 1214, John had re-established his authority in England and planned what Gillingham has called a grand strategy to recapture Normandy and Anjou. The plan was that John would draw the French from

1728:. Becket's defiance as Archbishop alienated the king and his counsellors. Henry and Becket had repeated disputes over issues such as church tenures, the marriage of Henry's brother, and taxation. 1115:(1455–1487) it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male-line descendants was popular during the subsequent 11917: 4347:

As late as 1600, with the Tudor succession in doubt, older Plantagenet lines remained as possible claimants to a disputed throne, and religious and dynastic factors gave rise to complications.

2318:, recognized as the first Parliament because it was the first time the cities and boroughs had sent representatives. Edward escaped, raised an army and defeated and killed de Montfort at the 1032:. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the 2493:

in order to raise more taxes for military finance, he included lesser landowners and merchants. The resulting parliament included barons, clergy, knights, and burgesses for the first time.

2350:, a great-grandson of Henry II through his second daughter Eleanor in 1254. Edward and Eleanor had sixteen children; five daughters survived to adulthood, but only one son survived Edward: 2668:. When Parliament decided that Gaveston should be exiled the king was left with no choice but to comply. Edward engineered Gaveston's return, but was forced to agree to the appointment of 4432:

it. And yet time hath his revolutions; there must be a period and an end to all temporal things – finis rerum – an end of names and dignities, and whatsoever is terrene; and why not of

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and great-granddaughter of Edward III's second surviving son Lionel. Anne died giving birth to their only son in September 1411. Richard's execution four years later left two orphans:

2329:; he was one of the last crusaders. Louis died before Edward's arrival, but Edward decided to continue. The result was disappointing; Edward's small force only enabled him to capture 4415:, argued that by 1626 the House of Plantagenet could not be considered to remain in existence in a speech during the Oxford Peerage case, which was to rule on who should inherit the 3578:. Henry planned to resume war with France, but was plagued with financial problems, declining health and frequent rebellions. He defeated a Scottish invasion, a serious rebellion by 1972:

From then on John also gave up the claim to Brittany of Eleanor and had her confined for life. John's defeat weakened his authority in England, and his barons forced him to agree to

4448:? Nay, which is more, and most of all, where is Plantagenet? They are entombed in the urns and sepulchres of mortality! yet let the name of de Vere stand so long as it pleaseth God. 1653: 12421: 1712:, the daughter of Louis VII, while she was betrothed to his son Richard. William's many competencies and importance as a royal bastard led to a long and illustrious career. 7181:

Male, male-line, legitimate, non-morganatic members of the house who either lived to adulthood, or who held a title as a child, are included. Kings of England are in bold.

3563:, was the heir presumptive to Richard II and Henry used multiple rationales stressing his Plantagenet descent, divine grace, powerful friends, and Richard's misgovernment. 2360:

Three daughters (Joan, Alice, and Juliana/Katherine) and two sons (John and Henry) born between 1265 and 1271. They died between 1265 and 1274 with little historical trace.

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to 90 per cent in some parts of the South-West. The Crown's debts reached £372,000, Henry's deficit was £20,000 per annum, and tax revenues were half those of his father.

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after two astrologers in her employ unwisely, if honestly, predicted a serious illness would endanger Henry VI's life, and Humphrey was later arrested and died in prison.

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King Edward II's coronation oath on his succession in 1307 was the first to reflect the king's responsibility to maintain the laws that the community "shall have chosen" (

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for the murder of Becket; even his favourite legitimate son, John, had rebelled although the constantly loyal illegitimate son Geoffrey remained with Henry until the end.

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accrued autonomous power after they recruited soldiers in England and Wales and colonised Ireland with his permission. Henry later gave Ireland to his youngest son, John.

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Count Geoffrey died in 1151 before finalizing the division of his realm between Henry and Henry's younger brother Geoffrey, who would have inherited Anjou. According to

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brought a halt to Edward's campaigns by killing perhaps a third of his subjects. The only Plantagenet known to have died from the Black Death was Edward III's daughter

4329:, and three other peers. Neither Henry VIII nor his father planned to destroy Buckingham because of his lineage and Henry VIII even allowed Buckingham's son and heir, 1192:, to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consider the first Plantagenet to be Henry II. 880: 3778:

Being descended from Edward III in both the maternal and the paternal line gave Richard a significant claim to the throne if the Lancastrian line should fail, and by

3353:. Initially, they were successful in establishing a commission to govern England for one year, but they were forced to rebel against Richard, defeating an army under 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11534: 11529: 11524: 823: 885: 4478: 3345:

when they sought to impeach five of the king's favourites and restrain what was increasingly seen as tyrannical and capricious rule. Later they were joined by

4153:, joined the revolt, probably anticipating that it would further his own ambitions to the throne, but he was killed in the suppression of the uprising at the 3551:

Henry went to convoluted legal means to justify his succession. Many Lancastrians asserted that his mother had had legitimate rights through her descent from

2880:. Edward and Peter fell out when Peter was unable to reimburse Edward's military expenses, leaving him bankrupt. The Plantagenets continued to interfere, and 985:

England was transformed under the Plantagenets, although only partly intentionally. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as

2888:, claiming the Crown of Castile in her name. He invaded with an army of 5,000 men; however, fighting was inconclusive, before Gaunt agreed to a treaty with 2325:

Savage retribution was inflicted upon the rebels, and authority restored to Henry. With the realm now peaceful, Edward left England to join Louis IX on the

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had been holding Edmund and in 1506 he returned him to Henry. Edmund was imprisoned in the Tower. In 1513, he was executed after Richard de la Pole, whom

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in French). He was not unpopular initially but faced three challenges: discontent over the financing of wars; his household spending; and the role of his

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to Spain. When the hostages escaped back to France, John was horrified that his word had been broken and returned to England, where he eventually died.

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for support. Henry declared that the charters were issued of his own "spontaneous and free will" and confirmed them with the royal seal, giving the new

3654:. The economic slowdown began in the 1430s in the north of the country, spreading south in the 1440s, with the economy not recovering until the 1480s. 3265: 2700:, was sent to negotiate and agreed a treaty that required Edward to pay homage in France to Charles. Edward resigned Aquitaine and Ponthieu to his son 863: 2639: 12414: 6634: 4090: 3168: 1819:: his eldest surviving son, Henry, would inherit England, Normandy and Anjou; Richard (his mother's favourite) would inherit the Duchy of Aquitaine; 13296: 13027: 4458: 2907:

where he soon died. John of Gaunt assumed leadership in France with limited success, and peace negotiations over several years were inconclusive.

14179: 3602:'s mental illness had caused instability in France, invaded to assert the Plantagenet claims and won a near total victory over the French at the 3898:. The ruling class was deeply shocked and reconciliation was attempted. York and the Nevilles fled abroad, but the Nevilles returned to win the 13099: 10504:

Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reigns of Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth, 1547–1580: Elizabeth 1601–1603; with addenda, 1547–1565

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had given him authorisation to reform the Irish church by assuming control of Ireland, but Professor Anne Duggan's research indicates that the

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that there were 12 "competitors" for the succession. At the time of writing (about 1601), Wilson had been working on intelligence matters for

3495:(1390–1447)—died under suspicious circumstances while imprisoned for treason against Henry VI; his death may have been the result of a stroke. 3053:

and Clifford, significant supporters of the Lancasters during the Wars of the Roses, were descendants of Philippa through her other daughter,

1468:. The treaty agreed to the peace offer that Matilda had rejected in 1142, recognised Henry as Stephen's heir, guaranteed Stephen's second son 4465: 4222:, was executed by Henry VIII in 1541. By then, the cause was more religious and political rather than dynastic. The attainder of her father, 3631: 2868:

Fighting in the Hundred Years' War spilled from the French and Plantagenet lands into surrounding realms, including the dynastic conflict in

1844:, by showing disrespect to his banners as well as refusing to share the spoils of war. He was rumoured to have arranged the assassination of 843: 4460: 12407: 11117: 7358: 3700: 3571: 3238: 3046: 4470: 4468: 4466: 7428: 4461: 4459: 3330: 3274: 1823:

would inherit Brittany; and John would inherit Ireland. This resulted in further conflict. The younger Henry rebelled again, but died of

1472:

his father's estates and allowed Stephen to be king for life. Stephen died soon afterwards, and Henry acceded to the throne in late 1154.

13265: 4463: 2759:

died without a male heir. Queen Isabella made a claim to the throne of France on behalf of her son Edward, on the grounds that he was a

1705: 1590:(1157–1199). He had no legitimate offspring, but is thought to have had two illegitimate sons, of whom little is known, called Fulk and 1320:

inherited the English throne as well as Norman and Angevin titles, thus marking the beginning of the Angevin and Plantagenet dynasties.

14184: 10181:

Maddicott, J.R. (2008). "Thomas of Lancaster, second earl of Lancaster, second earl of Leicester, and earl of Lincoln (c. 1278–1322)".

7134: 4467: 3696: 3318:

on the death of his grandfather, nominally exercising all the powers of kingship, supported by various councils. His government levied

3127: 3024: 2885: 2028: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4462: 3872:

In her will, Cecily stated that Katherine and Humphrey were her children, but they may have been her grandchildren through de la Pole.

3753:. These sisters were all granddaughters of Joan of Kent, the mother of Richard II, and therefore Plantagenet descendants of Edward I. 1565: 1284:

During the 10th and 11th centuries, power struggles occurred between rulers in northern and western France, including those of Anjou,

14159: 13588: 13401: 7494: 7452: 5504: 4325:, whom he believed to be plotting to ruin the old nobility. Therefore, Henry VIII instructed Wolsey to watch Buckingham, his brother 4309:. His father failed in his rebellion against Richard III in 1483 but was restored to his inheritance on the reversal of his father's 3738: 3714: 3338: 3091: 2440: 8260: 1731:

Henry reacted by getting Becket and other English bishops to recognise sixteen ancient customs in writing for the first time in the

1180:; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the 7506: 7488: 7406: 7400: 7000: 6981: 6216: 4381: 4223: 4142: 4071: 3854: 3650:. The economy was in ruins by 1450, a consequence of the loss of France, piracy in the channel and poor trading relations with the 2303: 2291: 2183: 2058: 1266: 913: 13732: 13568: 12140: 7386: 7278: 5947: 4412: 4386: 4376: 4302: 4279: 4246: 4039: 3586:'s rebellion in Wales. Many saw it as a punishment from God when Henry was later struck down with unknown but chronic illnesses. 3579: 3556: 3369: 3020: 2771:

In 1337, Phillip confiscated Aquitaine and Ponthieu from Edward, alleging he was harbouring Phillip's fugitive cousin and enemy,

2375: 4487: 14024: 13931: 12430: 4371: 3953: 3765: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3502: 3448: 3350: 3334: 3194: 3190: 2997: 2448: 2069:, Oliver, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Geoffrey, John FitzJohn or Courcy, Odo or Eudes FitzRoy, Ivo, Henry, Richard the constable of 1486: 3929:

and Parliament confirmed that Edward should be made king. He was crowned after consolidating his position with victory at the

13830: 13593: 13227: 11191: 10962: 10933: 10814: 10720: 10601: 10579: 10560: 10457: 10272: 9980: 9961: 9690: 9568: 9383: 9355: 7720: 7466: 7364: 6699: 6404: 5513: 4326: 3824: 3399: 3282: 3198: 3002: 2609: 2458: 2110: 2054: 2050: 1670: 1509: 1485:

and Geoffrey died unmarried and childless, but the tempestuous marriage of Henry and Eleanor, who already had two daughters (

1410:

to seize the crown of England. Stephen's contested accession initiated the widespread civil unrest later called the Anarchy.

1235: 2589:

upon his birth. Edward spent vast sums on his two Welsh campaigns with a large portion of it spent on a network of castles.

1907:

Richard's failure to provide an heir caused a succession crisis and conflict between supporters of the claim of his nephew,

1573: 1453:

on 18 March 1152, and she married Henry (who would become Henry II) on 18 May 1152. Consequently, the Angevins acquired the

14095: 13541: 13242: 13121: 13020: 12135: 7284: 6972: 6671: 5716: 4469: 4356: 4342: 4219: 4150: 4138: 4049: 4030: 3828: 3212: 2881: 2429: 1631: 1615: 1529: 1243: 1083: 53: 10446:

Power, Daniel (2007). "Henry, Duke of the Normans (1149/50–1189)". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.).

4093:. Tudor assumed the throne as Henry VII, founding the Tudor dynasty and bringing the Plantagenet line of kings to an end. 1930: 14004: 13994: 13717: 13707: 13553: 7352: 7346: 6185: 5938: 5921: 4017: 3734: 3726: 3708: 3222: 3208: 3164: 3095: 2732: 2728: 2354: 906: 201: 197: 2941: 2823: 2692:

The French monarchy asserted its rights to encroach on Edward's legal rights in Gascony. Resistance to one judgement in

13835: 13391: 13158: 13092: 12366: 4474: 4472: 4330: 4034: 3560: 2983: 2240: 1612:, was a competitor to his uncle John for the Angevin succession and disappeared mysteriously as an adolescent in 1203. 1176:, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of 13818: 12106: 11487: 10842: 10766: 10620: 10253: 10224: 9669: 9635: 9616: 6440: 4396: 3757: 3699:, who was the second wife of Edmund's brother John of Gaunt. Both of Edmund's sons were killed in 1415. The younger, 3555:, who it was claimed was the elder son of Henry III of England, set aside due to deformity. As the great-grandson of 3041:, asserted that its claim to the throne was superior to the House of Lancaster's. Philippa's granddaughter and heir, 2705: 2001:

All subsequent English monarchs were descendants of the Angevin line via John, who had five legitimate children with

1709: 1521: 1071: 941: 11045: 10776:

Walker, Simon (2008). "John, duke of Aquitaine and duke of Lancaster, styled king of Castile and León (1340–1399)".

9679:—— (2007). "Doing Homage to the King of France". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.). 4226:, was a legal bar to any claims to the throne by his children. Additionally her marriage, arranged by Henry VII, to 4085:'s fate is unclear. Richard's son predeceased him and Richard was killed in 1485 after an invasion by the forces of 2077:, Matilda the abbess of Barking and Isabella la Blanche. Joan was the best known of these, since she married Prince 1262: 14174: 14169: 13636: 13247: 12386: 11110: 7444: 7434: 5689: 3992: 3103: 3099: 3034: 2263: 2041: 1969:. Otto retreated and was soon overthrown, William was captured by the French and John agreed to a five-year truce. 1875:. Henry held Richard captive for eighteen months (1192–1194) while his mother raised the ransom, valued at 100,000 1645: 1247: 853: 9952:

Hatcher, John (2002). "The Great Slump of the Mid-Fifteenth Century". In Britnell, Richard; Hatcher, John (eds.).

2915: 2857:

was demonstrably popular in England, where it was both ratified in parliament and celebrated with great ceremony.

1700:

Henry also had illegitimate children with several mistresses, possibly as many as twelve. These children included

958:, who were also counts of Anjou; the main line of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Houses of 13013: 12586: 12481: 11445: 11186: 6413: 4363:. The alleged competitors included five descendants of Henry VII and Elizabeth, including the eventual successor 3791: 3784: 3354: 3184: 3011: 2800: 689: 679: 1210:(French for "Plantagenet area") was acceptable. Nonetheless, historians have continued to use "Angevin Empire". 14164: 13727: 12961: 11492: 11147: 10630:

Strickland, Matthew (2010). "Longespée, William (I), third earl of Salisbury (b. in or before 1167, d. 1226)".

4274:

were arrested for treason along with several friends and associates, including Henry's wife and brother-in-law—

4242: 3799: 3261: 2283:, receiving in return the title duke of Aquitaine and the territory of Gascony as a vassal of the French king. 2065:

John also had illegitimate children with several mistresses. These children probably included nine sons called

1921: 1639: 1601: 1415: 666: 3071:, the heiress to the duchy of Lancaster and a direct descendant of Henry III, and had seven children with her: 2436:, in 1299. Edward and Margaret had two sons, who both lived to adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child: 1577: 14149: 14128: 13697: 13386: 13260: 13237: 13217: 13085: 12301: 7521: 5522: 5129: 4921: 4348: 4271: 3413:, who was paternally descended from Edward I and maternally from Edmund Crouchback. They had seven children: 2987: 2673: 2506: 2502: 2255: 2228: 2015: 1871:

Returning from the crusade with a small band of followers, Richard was captured by Leopold and was passed to

1820: 1701: 1597: 1560:

but he was later excommunicated and declared deposed. Childless, Otto lost power following the defeat of the

1525: 1497: 1461: 1239: 1223: 504: 12561: 2254:

Henry was bankrupted by his military expenditure and general extravagance. The pope offered Henry's brother

13840: 12571: 12160: 11477: 11294: 11060: 7533: 7500: 7336: 6431: 6234: 5531: 5331: 4137:—Edward's sister and Elizabeth's aunt—and members of the de la Pole family—children of Edward's sister and 3899: 3630:. During the minority of Henry VI the war caused political division among his Plantagenet uncles, Bedford, 3492: 3319: 2788: 2712: 2693: 2444: 2134:. Consequently, he named his first son Edward and built the existing magnificent shrine for the Confessor. 1976:

in 1215, which limited royal power. Both sides failed to abide by the terms of Magna Carta, leading to the

1872: 1619: 1469: 31: 4145:, the son of her brother George, in the Tower of London, but in 1487 Margaret financed a rebellion led by 2636:

rebelled and was crowned king of Scotland. Edward died while travelling to Scotland for another campaign.

1887: 1008:

The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the

13702: 12356: 12316: 12281: 12203: 11433: 11316: 11142: 11103: 9346:

Barratt, Nick (2003). "The Revenues of King John and Philip Augustus Revisited". In Church, S. D. (ed.).

3721:. The increasingly interwoven Plantagenet relationships were demonstrated by Edmund's second marriage to 1958: 1537: 896: 17: 3905:

When Richard of York joined them he surprised Parliament by claiming the throne and forcing through the

12461: 12446: 12361: 12180: 12165: 11539: 11472: 7214: 7208: 5101: 4549: 4207: 4157:

in 1487. Warwick was implicated by two further failed invasions supported by Margaret by the so called

3647: 2511: 1908: 1841: 1732: 1609: 1587: 1569: 1017: 4391: 2246:

Four others who died as children: Richard (1247–1256), John (1250–1256), William (c. 1251/1252–1256),

1876: 13999: 13563: 13145: 12553: 12170: 11428: 11077: 7644: 5484: 4729: 4476: 4275: 4101: 3940:, led Warwick and Clarence to help Margaret depose Edward and return Henry to the throne. Edward and 3936:

Edward's preferment of the former Lancastrian-supporting Woodville family, following his marriage to

3895: 3803: 2935: 2763:

grandson of Philip IV of France. However, the precedents set by Philip V's succession over his niece

2605: 2593: 2409: 2369: 2173: 2159: 2122: 1649: 1605: 1399: 1173: 1066:(1154–1189) is considered by some to be the first Plantagenet king of England, and the first Angevin. 4125:. She was the eldest daughter of Edward IV, and all their children were his cognatic heirs. Indeed, 1797:, king of the Scots, and others joined the revolt. After eighteen months, Henry subdued the rebels. 1177: 12938: 12521: 12456: 12438: 12291: 12276: 12175: 11467: 11450: 11349: 11013: 9447:

Carpenter, David (2007). "King Henry III and Saint Edward the Confessor: The Origins of the Cult".

7708: 7472: 7324: 7262: 6207: 5893: 5698: 3540: 3460: 3255: 2956: 2830: 2629: 2601: 2347: 2315: 2163: 2118: 2032: 1721: 1419: 1407: 1366: 1134: 1013: 955: 342: 13374: 12860: 12840: 10894:(2006). "Henry of Lancaster, third earl of Lancaster and third earl of Leicester (c. 1280–1345)". 10832: 3322:

to finance military campaigns which, combined with the poor state of the economy, resulted in the

2002: 14154: 13989: 13692: 13654: 13548: 12646: 12351: 12339: 12268: 12195: 11255: 11087: 10216: 8898: 7649: 7394: 6662: 4249:. Buckingham's fall after arguments with the king over property, and Margaret's open support for 4163: 4011: 3921:, and Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, who had been captured and beheaded. The Scottish queen 3918: 3818: 3486: 2850: 2686: 2462: 1786: 1657: 1623: 1181: 9367:

Familiar Short Sayings of Great Men, with Historical and Explanatory Notes by Samuel Arthur Bent

4499:

This family tree includes selected members of the House of Plantagenet who were born legitimate.

4196: 3531: 2569:

On his accession, Edward I sought to organise his realm, enforcing his claims to primacy in the

2139: 954:. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the 14076: 12951: 12213: 11497: 11379: 10861: 7478: 7415: 6689: 5707: 4318: 3941: 3863: 3779: 3471:

proved childless; he had an illegitimate son named John, also known as the Bastard of Clarence.

3358: 3133: 3050: 2927: 2893: 2796: 2621: 2612:

ensued. By invitation of Scottish magnates, Edward I resolved the dispute, ruling in favour of

2276: 1591: 1324: 979: 165: 12865: 3952:

brought the demise of the last of the male line of the Beauforts. The battlefield casualty of

2585:

established England's authority over Wales, and Edward's son was proclaimed the first English

13765: 13673: 13631: 13578: 13362: 13335: 13252: 12747: 12328: 12306: 12296: 11482: 11423: 11250: 10730:

Vincent, Nicholas (2008). "Richard, first earl of Cornwall and king of Germany (1209–1272)".

10502: 7657: 7330: 7314: 7269: 7255: 6963: 6921: 6422: 6175: 5679: 4939: 4154: 4117: 3615: 3474: 3315: 3130:, trying unsuccessfully to obtain the throne of Castile. The marriage produced two children: 3078: 2973: 2819: 2724: 2701: 2681: 2648: 2489:

in 1294, Edward needed funds to wage war in France. When Edward summoned a precedent-setting

2393: 2314:

in 1264, Henry and Prince Edward were defeated and taken prisoner. De Montfort assembled the

2307: 2191: 1663: 1627: 1465: 1251: 1185: 1161: 997: 756: 121: 12496: 11339: 2854: 1443:

when the citizens of Nantes rebelled against their ruler. Henry had supported the rebellion.

13685: 13641: 13612: 13583: 13505: 13466: 13381: 13323: 13284: 13232: 13222: 13210: 12923: 12689: 12576: 12152: 11309: 11169: 7371: 7247: 7231: 7201: 7194: 6933: 6652: 5494: 5111: 4911: 4901: 4420: 4149:

whose true identity remains uncertain, though he himself presented himself as 'Edward VI'.

4141:— from frequent attempts to destabilise Henry's regime. Henry imprisoned Margaret's nephew 4086: 4082: 3977: 3949: 3926: 3881: 3812: 3599: 3365: 3172: 3137: 3068: 2949: 2897: 2792: 2772: 2756: 2597: 2574: 2535: 2516: 2478: 2433: 2419: 2275:, under which his debts were paid in exchange for substantial reforms. In France, with the 2272: 2247: 2162:; consequently, the crown of Scotland became vacant on the death of their only grandchild, 2131: 2093: 2046: 2009: 1981: 1977: 1912: 1861: 1849: 1845: 1816: 1804: 1782: 1748: 1503: 1450: 1231: 1227: 1189: 1157: 1037: 1021: 12855: 8221:

Seabourne, G. (2007). "Eleanor of Brittany and her Treatment by King John and Henry III".

4070:

Dynastic infighting and misfortune quickly brought about the demise of the House of York.

3614:

stated that Henry's heirs would inherit the throne of France, but conflict continued with

2084: 1770: 1123:. It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. 352: 8: 14111: 13962: 13912: 13893: 13886: 13850: 13801: 13524: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13478: 13409: 13396: 13303: 13198: 13168: 13150: 13140: 12233: 12185: 12111: 12098: 11440: 11392: 11282: 11228: 11218: 11206: 8894: 7379: 7307: 7291: 7239: 7187: 6990: 6953: 6624: 6197: 5295: 4738: 4719: 4401: 4250: 4184: 4180: 4167: 4075: 3998: 3937: 3910: 3627: 3607: 3603: 3536: 3508: 3438: 3346: 3323: 3226: 3141: 3115: 2923: 2903: 2873: 2745: 2582: 2482: 2224: 2169: 2155: 2149: 2074: 2037: 1828: 1790: 1482: 1446: 1431: 1386: 1317: 1153: 1063: 1033: 1002: 975: 625: 235: 155: 109: 104: 3692: 3566:

In fact, Mortimer never showed interest in the throne. The later marriage of his sister

2877: 2231:

became the most powerful nobleman in England, adding to his inheritance the earldoms of

14103: 13874: 13845: 13825: 13782: 13624: 13536: 12928: 12917: 12906: 12891: 12674: 12659: 12654: 12526: 12286: 12225: 11462: 11359: 11304: 11287: 11267: 11159: 11134: 11126: 11018: 9464: 7299: 6394: 4508: 4364: 3595: 3498: 3428: 3393: 3278: 3157: 3082: 3054: 2869: 2842: 2764: 2741: 2697: 2343: 2280: 2212: 2203: 2127: 2078: 2070: 2019: 1985: 1966: 1962: 1917: 1740: 1690: 1635: 1549: 1493:) through her first marriage to King Louis, produced eight children in thirteen years: 1454: 1309: 959: 769: 609: 583: 446: 428: 336: 214: 84: 12566: 12399: 9844:

Hallam, Elizabeth (2004). "Eleanor, countess of Pembroke and Leicester (1215?–1275)".

3464: 2815: 2780: 2596:

owed him feudal allegiance, and intended to unite the two nations by marrying his son

2394:

Elizabeth, firstly Countess of Holland and on widowhood, secondly Countess of Hereford

2142:

and the Charter of the Forest of 1225 much more authority than any previous versions.

14009: 13969: 13924: 13740: 13646: 13573: 13500: 13056: 13040: 12896: 12870: 12506: 12238: 11344: 11243: 11196: 11070: 10958: 10929: 10838: 10810: 10762: 10716: 10616: 10597: 10575: 10556: 10453: 10434: 10268: 10249: 10243: 10230: 10220: 9976: 9957: 9686: 9665: 9631: 9612: 9564: 9379: 9351: 8983: 7716: 7458: 6943: 6084: 5313: 4254: 4231: 4122: 4105: 4045: 3969: 3795: 3673: 3635: 3552: 3512: 3482: 3373: 3307: 3232: 2889: 2846: 2749: 2381: 2319: 2295: 2259: 2236: 2216: 2208: 2195: 2187: 2179: 2114: 2097: 2023: 1545: 1354: 1313: 1274: 1165: 1112: 1095: 1025: 1009: 652: 591: 528: 518: 508: 276: 209: 192: 133: 128: 97: 64: 12881: 12845: 12732: 10394:

Pierce, Hazel (2015). "Pole, Margaret, suo jure countess of Salisbury (1473–1541)".

1119:, perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, 13343: 12966: 12956: 12669: 12664: 12621: 12606: 12601: 12466: 12334: 12248: 11418: 11277: 11260: 10901: 10871: 10783: 10737: 10691: 10664: 10637: 10527: 10481: 10401: 10374: 10347: 10318: 10291: 10188: 10161: 10134: 10107: 10080: 10051: 10024: 9997: 9932: 9905: 9878: 9851: 9824: 9797: 9770: 9741: 9714: 9585: 9537: 9510: 9483: 9456: 9427: 9400: 9326: 9299: 9272: 8230: 7638: 4441: 4360: 4238:, the only woman in 16th-century England to hold a peerage title in her own right. 4227: 4134: 3945: 3930: 3922: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3787:, a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, and had thirteen or possibly fifteen children: 3761: 3730: 3704: 3688: 3651: 3611: 3567: 3478: 3468: 3277:(1355–1397)—murdered or executed for treason by order of Richard II; his daughter, 3038: 2633: 2628:

rose in Balliol's name and recovered most of Scotland. Wallace was defeated at the

2490: 1892: 1794: 1581: 1342: 1328: 1301: 1270: 1091: 938: 833: 538: 514: 440: 392: 346: 324: 300: 288: 12767: 10913: 10883: 10795: 10749: 10703: 10676: 10649: 10539: 10493: 10413: 10386: 10359: 10330: 10303: 10200: 10173: 10146: 10119: 10092: 10063: 10036: 10009: 9944: 9917: 9890: 9863: 9836: 9809: 9782: 9753: 9726: 9597: 9549: 9530:—— (2008). "Pole, Edmund de la, eighth earl of Suffolk (1472?–1513)". 9522: 9495: 9439: 9412: 9338: 9311: 9284: 4257:

began the Poles' estrangement from the king. Hope of reconciliation was dashed by

3876: 3583: 3489:. John had an illegitimate son and daughter, named Richard and Mary, respectively. 1111:

It is uncertain why Richard of York chose this specific name, although during the

14014: 13777: 13722: 13414: 13133: 13061: 12994: 12946: 12636: 12631: 12616: 12543: 12501: 12491: 12344: 12324: 12243: 11374: 11334: 11211: 11164: 10952: 10804: 10447: 10245:

The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England: 1327–1330

9680: 7527: 7223: 5322: 4188: 4126: 4059: 4055: 3956:, and the later probable murder of Henry VI extinguished the House of Lancaster. 3418: 3342: 3251: 2776: 2625: 2586: 2452: 2311: 2232: 2066: 1946: 1900: 1865: 1857: 1725: 1517: 1440: 1389:'s continental holdings in 1154 (in various shades of red), forming part of the " 1350: 1305: 1258: 1218: 1169: 1164:. Noble houses were regularly denominated by a territory or place of birth, eg., 1149: 1144: 951: 709: 486: 450: 423: 416: 404: 331: 312: 264: 240: 185: 48: 12825: 12800: 12712: 9319:

Barber, Richard (2008). "Edward, prince of Wales and of Aquitaine (1330–1376)".

3768:, who married into the Bourchier family, and a son who was also called Richard. 3606:. In subsequent years Henry recaptured much of Normandy and secured marriage to 2172:(1242–1275). She initially married John de Montfort of Dreux, and later married 1864:

described him as "vain ... devious and self-centred". In an alternate view

1827:. Geoffrey died in 1186 after an accident in a tournament. In 1189, Richard and 1304:, and the kings of France. In the early 12th century, Geoffrey of Anjou married 13979: 13066: 12989: 12911: 12901: 12830: 12777: 12679: 12611: 12581: 12538: 12511: 12208: 12123: 11455: 11369: 11233: 11181: 11035: 11001: 10905: 10891: 10875: 10787: 10741: 10695: 10668: 10641: 10531: 10405: 10322: 10295: 10192: 10165: 10138: 10111: 10084: 10055: 10001: 9936: 9909: 9882: 9855: 9828: 9801: 9774: 9745: 9718: 9589: 9541: 9514: 9404: 9303: 9276: 6808: 4433: 4424: 4416: 4306: 4158: 4146: 3988: 3914: 3178: 2931: 2665: 2550: 1756: 1533: 1513: 1490: 1390: 1332: 1327:, to build a political alliance with Normandy. He first espoused his daughter, 1196: 1138: 1105: 1087: 1044:, monarch from Henry VII to present has been a descendant of the Plantagenets. 1041: 990: 971: 474: 380: 368: 363: 356: 227: 12815: 12795: 12790: 10485: 10378: 10351: 10028: 9487: 9431: 9330: 1800: 14143: 13813: 13712: 13163: 12984: 12875: 12835: 12762: 12727: 12596: 12531: 12486: 12258: 11364: 11223: 11023: 10589: 10549: 10438: 10234: 9990:

Horrox, Rosemary (2004). "Pole, John de la, earl of Lincoln (c. 1460–1487)".

7713:

William Marshal: Court, Career, and Chivalry in the Angevin Empire, 1147–1219

6225: 5912: 4517: 4408: 4322: 4267: 4262: 4212: 3973: 3906: 3667: 3575: 3410: 3298: 3064: 3042: 2837:

starting from Bordeaux. His army was caught by a much larger French force at

2644: 2570: 2326: 2302:

Disagreements between the barons and the king intensified. The barons, under

2267: 2220: 1837: 1717: 1679: 1561: 1346: 1188:. Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider John's son, 1116: 1029: 963: 813: 803: 721: 639: 605: 587: 462: 12850: 12737: 9954:

Progress and Problems in Medieval England: Essays in Honour of Edward Miller

2834: 2810: 524: 14088: 13974: 13558: 12752: 12742: 12381: 12253: 12118: 11504: 11299: 11238: 11201: 10208: 9420:

Carpenter, Christine (2008). "Edward, styled earl of Warwick (1475–1499)".

4437: 4314: 4192: 3982: 3722: 3718: 3684: 2960: 2613: 2363: 2330: 2199: 1938: 1761: 1553: 1541: 1435: 1426:

Three events allowed the Angevins' successful termination of the conflict:

1312:'s only surviving legitimate child and heir to the English throne from the 1200: 967: 781: 743: 731: 699: 534: 498: 12702: 7562:

The Plantagenet name is spelt in English sources in several ways, such as

3364:

Richard was reduced to a figurehead with little power. As a result of the

2853:

promising the French would pay a four million écus ransom. The subsequent

1152:". The three Angevin kings were the 12th-century Geoffrey of Anjou's son, 13005: 12976: 12886: 11413: 11397: 11272: 11174: 10921: 9460: 4235: 2760: 2578: 2405: 2089: 1973: 1896: 1377: 986: 947: 791: 13182: 12757: 8234: 4058:(1480–1517)—became a nun — possibly had an illegitimate daughter called 2892:. Terms of the treaty included the marriage of John of Gaunt's daughter 2215:, Edmund was at the centre of European aristocracy. Blanche's daughter, 1996: 1852:. He obtained victories during the Third Crusade, but failed to capture 1012:, a decades-long fight for the English succession. It culminated in the 13077: 12626: 12371: 12130: 9871:

Hamilton, J. S. (2008). "Gaveston, Piers, earl of Cornwall (d. 1312)".

9468: 3639: 3381: 3303: 3145: 2919: 2737: 2466: 2279:, Henry formally surrendered the territory of his Angevin ancestors to 1942: 1337: 1120: 1059: 10713:

The Reign of Richard Lionheart: Ruler of The Angevin Empire, 1189–1199

2696:

resulted in Charles IV declaring the duchy forfeit. Charles's sister,

1945:

suggests this was the inevitable result of superior French resources.

1937:

John's reputation was further damaged by the rumour, described in the

1916:

from capturing his mother, seizing the entire rebel leadership at the

1024:, a Lancastrian, became king of England; five months later he married 13950: 12820: 12722: 12451: 11152: 11095: 4310: 4234:

and all the Warwicks' lands. This made her the first and, apart from

3772: 3683:

Richard II made his uncle (Edward III's fourth son) Edmund the first

3211:(1341–1402)—founder of the House of York. He had three children with 2876:. The Black Prince allied himself with Peter, defeating Henry at the 2669: 2662: 1853: 1824: 1694: 1100: 271: 12707: 10073:

Jones, Michael (2008). "Margaret, duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503)".

2337: 1608:

and became duke of Brittany by right of his wife. The couple's son,

14046: 13984: 12591: 12471: 11509: 9647:

Gillingham, John (1985). "The art of Kingship: Richard I 1189–99".

4445: 4291: 4287: 4096: 3756:

Edmund's son Richard was married to Anne Mortimer, the daughter of

3626:

When Henry V died in 1422, his nine-month-old son succeeded him as

3574:

consolidated this claim to the throne with that of the more junior

3422: 2862: 2838: 2804: 2656: 2397: 2286: 1868:

points out that for centuries Richard was considered a model king.

1778: 1736: 1289: 1285: 1278: 435: 319: 295: 283: 10311:—— (2004b). "Matilda, duchess of Saxony (1156–1189)". 9898:

Harriss, G.L. (2011). "Humphrey, duke of Gloucester (1390–1447)".

2676:, to reform the royal household with Piers Gaveston exiled again. 1564:

and Angevin forces at the Battle of Bouvines. The youngest child,

1222:

A 13th-century depiction of Henry II and his legitimate children:

13036: 12810: 12805: 11326: 10978: 3995:, and later married Thomas Kyme (or Keme) following John's death. 3771:

Although his earldom was forfeited, Richard (the father) was not

3516: 3372:, who had fled abroad, were sentenced to death in their absence. 2525: 2486: 2424:

Two other daughters (Beatrice and Blanche), who died as children.

1812: 1675: 1382: 481: 307: 180: 79: 9925:

Harriss, G.L. (2012). "Richard, earl of Cambridge (1385–1415)".

1576:, was the sole male heir of his uncle Henry. The ducal house of 12785: 12717: 9393:

Brown, A. L.; Summerson, Henry (2010). "Henry IV (1367–1413)".

3948:, leading to the death of the Neville brothers. The subsequent 3524: 3520: 2784: 2223:

of Navarre and queen consort of France through her marriage to

1781:

as a wedding gift. This angered Henry's eighteen-year-old son,

1774: 1293: 469: 411: 399: 387: 252: 247: 222: 4457: 3925:

provided Margaret with support but London welcomed York's son

12697: 12476: 11408: 10422: 8003:"Laudabiliter: a new interpretation by Professor Anne Duggan" 3741:, John of Gaunt's grandson by King Henry IV. A third sister, 2413: 2401: 1954: 1297: 457: 3944:, fled, but on their return, Clarence switched sides at the 3687:

in 1385. Edmund was married to Isabella, a daughter of King

2845:

was a decisive English victory, resulting in the capture of

1335:, Henry I's heir. After William drowned in the wreck of the 11514: 10991: 10864:(2011). "Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460)". 10265:

The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-made King

9503:

Cunningham, Sean (2004a). "Pole, Richard de la (d. 1525)".

3711:

was killed at the Battle of Agincourt later the same year.

2455:, but Richard II exiled him and stripped him of his titles. 1557: 1540:. His brother Otto was nominated by his uncle Richard I as 1094:. One of many popular theories suggests the blossom of the 1028:, thus ending the Wars of the Roses and giving rise to the 996:

In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the

493: 27:

Angevin royal dynasty that ruled England in the Middle Ages

9476:

Cooper, J. P. D. (2008). "Henry Courtenay (1498/9–1538)".

3326:

in 1381, followed by brutal reprisals against the rebels.

1743:, which Becket perceived as a challenge to his authority. 1678:

presenting a spirited account of the murder of Archbishop

12376: 2963:, a granddaughter of Edward I, with whom he had two sons: 2952:

produced thirteen children and thirty-two grandchildren:

2748:, her future French king brothers, and Philip's brother, 2396:(1282–1316). Among her eleven children were the earls of 2385: 2158:(1240–1275). Her three children predeceased her husband, 1323:

The marriage was the third attempt of Geoffrey's father,

13120: 3831:; she was the mother of several claimants to the throne. 3717:

was Edmund's only daughter and was an ancestor of Queen

1070:

In the 15th century, near the end of the dynastic line,

12429: 9373: 7670: 4317:, and his wardship was entrusted to the king's mother, 4065: 3037:(1355–1378/81)—through Philippa, the House of York, by 2884:, the Black Prince's brother, married Peter's daughter 2783:, leaving Edward free to capture the important port of 2182:(1245–1296), who was granted the titles and estates of 1860:

Richard was "a bad son, a bad husband and a bad king".

1020:

both met their end with the death of King Richard III.

9578:—— (2008). "Edward Stafford (1478–1521)". 7409:, 1475–1499, the last legitimate male-line Plantagenet 10500: 9188: 7769: 7177:

List of male-line members of the House of Plantagenet

1997:

Baronial conflict and the establishment of Parliament

10613:

A History of Britain – At the Edge of the world

10367:

Phillips, J. R. S. (2008). "Edward II (1284–1327)".

8608: 8606: 8604: 4130:

reason was the most acclaimed and approved of all."

2718: 2262:, but the military cost of displacing the incumbent 1082:) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor 1016:

in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the

10474:Prestwich, Michael (2008). "Edward I (1239–1307)". 4452: 4313:late in 1485. His mother married Henry VII's uncle 4218:Warwick's sister, and therefore Edward IV's niece, 1807:'s Great Seal of 1189, the History Museum of Vendée 1098:, a bright yellow ("gold") flowering plant, called 10548: 10044:—— (2013). "Richard III (1452–1485)". 9763:Goodman, Anthony (2004). "Katherine (1372–1418)". 9265:Abulafia, D. S. H (2004). "Isabella (1214–1241)". 7984: 7982: 7980: 7841: 7637: 4427:, who called for judicial assistance. Crewe said: 4290:on the grounds she had laid down her life for the 2428:Following Eleanor's death in 1290, Edward married 1815:in 1182, Henry II gathered his children to plan a 30:"Plantagenet" redirects here. For other uses, see 10520:Ridgeway, H. W. (2010). "Henry III (1207–1272)". 9790:Griffiths, R. A. (2015). "Henry VI (1421–1471)". 9292:Anon (2004). "Monarchs of England (924x7–1707)". 8601: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8161: 7636: 3314:The Black Prince's ten-year-old son succeeded as 3156:Constance died in 1394, after which John married 2338:Constitutional change and the reform of feudalism 1836:king of Cyprus and later sold the island. On the 1789:by Henry II's wife and three eldest sons ensued. 1398:childless. The birth of a second son, also named 14141: 13297:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary 10684:Tuck, Anthony (2009). "Richard II (1367–1400)". 10507:. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts 10100:Keefe, Thomas K (2008). "Henry II (1133–1189)". 10017:—— (2011). "Edward IV (1442–1483)". 9707:—— (2009). "Richard I (1157–1199)". 4097:House of Tudor and other Plantagenet descendants 4008:)—briefly succeeded his father as King Edward V. 3798:taken from a descendant of her second daughter, 3535:Parchment miniature of Henry V's victory at the 3121:Isabella of Lancaster (b. 1368)—died as a child. 2202:. From 1276, through his second wife Edmund was 1882: 10423:"The Tardy Adoption of the Plantagenet Surname" 10154:Lovatt, Marie (2007). "Geoffrey (1151?–1212)". 9009: 7977: 7941: 7939: 4367:, but also seven from older Plantagenet lines: 3884:of 1471, as illustrated in the Ghent manuscript 3201:, were leading supporters of the House of York. 2787:. A subsequent victory against Scotland at the 2250:(c. 1252/3–1257) and Henry (no recorded dates). 1316:. As a result of this marriage, Geoffrey's son 9392: 8950: 8739: 8737: 8729: 8440: 8369: 8261:"The official website of the British Monarchy" 8253: 8158: 7781: 7757: 3594:Henry IV died in 1413. His son and successor, 2012:– king of England for most of the 13th-century 1269:. In 1060, the couple inherited the title via 13093: 13021: 12415: 11111: 9817:Gunn, S. J. (2009). "Henry VII (1457–1509)". 9374:Blockmans, Wim; Hoppenbrouwers, Mark (2014). 9043: 8500: 7514:John of Beaufort, Lord of Beaufort, 1286–1317 4278:. Among those arrested was the king's cousin 3729:was mother to Richard's wife, Anne Mortimer. 3638:. Humphrey's wife was accused of treasonable 3632:Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester 2194:. Henry later granted Edmund the earldoms of 1261:, including the Plantagenets, descended from 914: 10954:The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England 10900:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10870:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10782:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10736:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10710: 10690:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10663:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10657:Stringer, Keith (2004). "Joan (1210–1238)". 10636:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10526:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10480:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10400:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10373:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10346:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10317:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10290:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10187:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10160:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10133:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10106:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10079:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10050:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 10023:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9996:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9931:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9904:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9877:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9850:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9823:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9796:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9769:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9740:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9713:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9584:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9536:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9509:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9482:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9426:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9399:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9325:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9298:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9271:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 9097:Ulwencreutz's the Royal Families in Europe V 8982: 8196: 7956: 7954: 7936: 7728: 7359:Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge 4191:while fighting as the captain of the French 4089:, who claimed the throne through his mother 4081:Richard III ascended to the throne, and the 3572:Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge 3477:(1389–1435)—had two childless marriages: to 3417:Edward (b. 1382; died as a child)—buried at 3126:After Blanche's death in 1369, John married 3047:Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge 2910: 2818:was an important Plantagenet victory of the 2447:inherited his estates. Margaret's grandson, 2306:, captured most of southeast England in the 2117:after Marshal's victories at the battles of 1724:upon the death of the incumbent archbishop, 1708:, Peter and four children who died young by 1449:was granted an annulment of his marriage to 1205: 10546: 9734:—— (2010). "John (1167–1216)". 9502: 9130: 8978: 8976: 8734: 8642: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8097: 7745: 7429:Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester 4294:"and for the truth of the orthodox Faith". 3331:Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester 3140:, with whom she was a great-grandmother of 3112:John of Lancaster (1366)—died as an infant. 1848:. His ruthlessness was demonstrated by his 14075: 13100: 13086: 13035: 13028: 13014: 12422: 12408: 11118: 11104: 10711:Turner, Ralph V.; Heiser, Richard (2014). 10629: 9733: 9706: 9678: 9659: 9646: 9561:Peace, Print & Protestantism 1450–1558 9529: 9229: 9171: 9149: 9119: 8866: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8725: 8723: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8622: 8620: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8208: 8152: 8141: 8121: 8109: 8050: 8038: 8026: 7971: 7960: 7871: 7847: 7823: 7811: 7799: 7775: 7751: 7694: 7674: 3888: 3293: 2795:and reduced the threat from Scotland. The 1074:, adopted Plantagenet as his family name. 921: 907: 13764: 13672: 13589:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk 13559:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester 13402:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester 13361: 10473: 10340:Ormrod (2008). "Edward III (1312–1377)". 10284:Norgate, Kate (2004). "Joan (d. 1237))". 10180: 9789: 9446: 9419: 9376:Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500 9160: 9108: 8945: 8749: 8708: 8559: 8539: 8537: 8471: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8435: 8364: 8220: 7951: 7495:Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster 7453:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk 3349:, the son and heir of John of Gaunt, and 3339:Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick 2647:showing knights and foot soldiers at the 1341:, Fulk married another of his daughters, 1281:, whose recorded history dates from 870. 13611: 13465: 13322: 13283: 13107: 10656: 10569: 10519: 10366: 10310: 10262: 10241: 10207: 10127:Kelsey, Sean (2008). "Wilson, Thomas)". 9870: 9264: 9217: 9140: 9138: 9067: 9003:The Survival of the Princes in the Tower 8973: 8743: 8575: 8543: 8529: 8506: 8429: 8423: 8405: 8319: 8308: 8173: 8126: 8085: 8073: 7895: 7733: 7596: 7507:Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 7489:Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster 7407:Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick 7401:George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence 4382:Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland 4206: 4100: 4072:George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence 3875: 3530: 3297: 2914: 2809: 2736: 2638: 2510: 2304:Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester 2285: 2184:Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester 2083: 1886: 1799: 1769:In 1172, Henry gave John the castles of 1669: 1381: 1217: 1058: 13911: 13800: 13733:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester 13569:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant 13523: 13266:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury 13197: 10897:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10867:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10779:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10733:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10729: 10687:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10660:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10633:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10588: 10523:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10477:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10397:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10370:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10343:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10314:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10287:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10283: 10184:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10157:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10130:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10103:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10076:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10047:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10020:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9993:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9951: 9928:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9924: 9901:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9897: 9874:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9847:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9820:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9793:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9766:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9762: 9737:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9710:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9581:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9533:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9506:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9479:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9423:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9396:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9345: 9322:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9295:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9268:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 9061: 8913: 8855: 8850: 8802: 8767: 8720: 8666: 8637: 8617: 8548: 8512: 8353: 8297: 8184: 7994: 7387:Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York 7279:Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence 4387:Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland 4377:George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon 4303:Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham 4280:Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter 4247:Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham 3580:Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland 3557:Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence 3370:Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk 2543: Territories of Llywelyn's vassals 2496: 2239:through his marriage to the heiress of 1957:, while another army, under his nephew 14: 14180:12th-century establishments in England 14142: 14025:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle 13932:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 13873: 11125: 10830: 10802: 10775: 10756: 10610: 10393: 10339: 10153: 10126: 10043: 10016: 9989: 9843: 9625: 9606: 9577: 9558: 9475: 9318: 9193: 9177: 9166: 9155: 9144: 9084: 8968: 8930: 8919: 8826: 8778: 8755: 8714: 8626: 8612: 8596: 8565: 8534: 8452: 8446: 8375: 8330: 8062: 8000: 7988: 7835: 7787: 7763: 7739: 7707: 7682: 7613: 4372:Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon 4353:The State of England, Anno Domini 1600 3954:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 3751:Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland 3747:Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury 3503:Louis III, Count Palatine of the Rhine 3351:Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk 3335:Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel 3195:Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury 3088:John (c. 1362/1364)—died as an infant. 2558: Lordships of the King of England 1785:, who believed that those were his. A 1277:that was descended from a noble named 14074: 14044: 13948: 13910: 13872: 13831:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence 13799: 13763: 13671: 13610: 13594:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent 13522: 13464: 13360: 13321: 13282: 13228:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony 13196: 13119: 13081: 13009: 12403: 11099: 10950: 10890: 10860: 10759:Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses 10445: 10420: 10099: 10072: 9970: 9135: 9124: 9113: 9102: 9073: 9000: 8870: 8814: 8790: 8554: 7678: 7625: 7619: 7602: 7467:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent 7365:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 6998: 6996: 6989: 6987: 6980: 6978: 6971: 6969: 6962: 6960: 6951: 6949: 6942: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6816: 6814: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6709: 6698: 6696: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6670: 6668: 6661: 6659: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6633: 6631: 6622: 6554: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6439: 6437: 6430: 6428: 6421: 6419: 6412: 6410: 6403: 6401: 6392: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6233: 6231: 6224: 6215: 6213: 6206: 6204: 6195: 6193: 6184: 6182: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6135: 6133: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6092: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5946: 5944: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5920: 5918: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5715: 5713: 5706: 5704: 5697: 5695: 5688: 5686: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5521: 5519: 5512: 5510: 5503: 5501: 5492: 5490: 5483: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5357: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5330: 5328: 5321: 5319: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5109: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4920: 4918: 4909: 4907: 4900: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4780: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4737: 4735: 4728: 4726: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4327:Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire 4135:Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy 4078:, leaving Edward's marriage invalid. 3733:, another of Joan's sisters, married 3678: 3409:Henry married his Plantagenet cousin 3387: 3374:Alexander Neville, Archbishop of York 3199:Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick 2711:The couple invaded England and, with 2528:, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's principality 2190:after Henry defeated Montfort in the 2111:William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1980:, in which rebellious barons invited 1371: 14096:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales 13713:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 13542:Margaret of France, Queen of England 13243:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile 13122:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 10920: 10683: 9816: 9364: 9291: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9223: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9182: 9049: 9038: 9027: 9015: 8956: 8881: 8838: 8702: 8690: 8679: 8660: 8648: 8569: 8494: 8482: 8411: 8399: 8387: 8341: 8285: 8247: 7945: 7930: 7918: 7906: 7883: 7859: 7658:participating institution membership 7285:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 4343:Succession to Elizabeth I of England 4220:Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury 4151:John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln 4139:John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk 4066:Princes in the Tower and Richard III 4050:William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon 3860:Thomas (b. 1450/51; died as a child) 3829:John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk 3802:, was used in the identification of 2882:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 2469:, who later became the English king. 14021:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet 14005:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford 13995:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York 13718:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 13708:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence 13554:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar 12431:Royal houses of Britain and Ireland 10572:A History of the Crusades, Volume 3 8631: 7671:Blockmans & Hoppenbrouwers 2014 7353:Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York 7347:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 4336: 3266:John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke 3167:(c. 1371/1372–1410)—grandfather of 3096:John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 2744:(third from left) with her father, 1850:massacre of 2,600 prisoners in Acre 1439:receiving Anjou, but he had become 24: 13836:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford 13392:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland 13181: 13159:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey 10944: 10809:. University of California Press. 4331:Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford 3848:William (b. 1447; died as a child) 3023:(1338–1368)—had one daughter with 2610:competition for the Scottish crown 2241:Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln 2040:– wife of the Holy Roman Emperor, 1349:, son of Henry I's older brother, 25: 14196: 14185:1541 disestablishments in England 13819:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England 10213:The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399 8001:Duggan, Anne (13 February 2013). 4488:Plantagenet monarchs' family tree 4413:Chief Justice of the King's Bench 4397:Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma 4261:, the letter that Margaret's son 3869:Ursula (b. 1455; died as a child) 3758:Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March 3749:—John's grandson by his daughter 2833:resumed the war with destructive 2719:Conflict with the House of Valois 1931:Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal 1622:. The couple's children included 1476: 1108:, as the source of the nickname. 1072:Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York 974:from 1154, with the accession of 14160:English people of French descent 13637:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall 13248:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily 9089: 9078: 9055: 9032: 9021: 8994: 8962: 8935:. Regan Books. pp. 260–261. 7445:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall 7435:Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham 4453:Timeline of Plantagenet monarchs 3993:John Welles, 1st Viscount Welles 3809:Henry (b. 1441; died as a child) 3661: 3104:John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope 3100:John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter 2942:Bibliothèque nationale de France 2824:Bibliothèque nationale de France 1360: 881:Political history (1979–present) 533: 523: 513: 503: 492: 480: 468: 456: 445: 434: 422: 410: 398: 386: 374: 362: 351: 341: 330: 318: 306: 294: 282: 270: 258: 246: 234: 221: 208: 191: 179: 127: 115: 103: 90: 78: 47: 14108:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke 11187:England in the late Middle Ages 8939: 8924: 8887: 8875: 8844: 8832: 8820: 8808: 8796: 8784: 8772: 8761: 8696: 8684: 8654: 8488: 8476: 8417: 8393: 8381: 8358: 8347: 8335: 8324: 8313: 8302: 8291: 8279: 8241: 8214: 8202: 8190: 8178: 8146: 8115: 8103: 8091: 8079: 8067: 8056: 8044: 8032: 8020: 7965: 7924: 7912: 7900: 7889: 7877: 7865: 7853: 7829: 7817: 7805: 7793: 6414:John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset 6186:John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset 3913:and his head set on display at 3851:John (b. 1448; died as a child) 3248:Blanche (1342)—died as a child. 3109:Edward of Lancaster (1365–1365) 3049:, the Duke of York's heir. The 2959:(1330–1376)—married his cousin 2948:The marriage of Edward III and 2534: Territories conquered by 2057:), and later the English rebel 1556:candidate. Otto was crowned in 1464:, died in 1153, leading to the 950:which originated in the French 13728:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke 10547:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1987). 10501:Public Records Office (1870). 9956:. Cambridge University Press. 9348:King John: New Interpretations 9257: 7700: 7688: 7664: 7630: 7607: 7556: 3991:(1469–1507)—initially married 3800:Anne St Leger, Baroness de Ros 3561:Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March 3400:Hundred Years' War (1415–1453) 3355:Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford 2608:. When Margaret died in 1290, 2170:Beatrice, Countess of Richmond 1922:Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany 1755:From 1155, Henry claimed that 1648:(1165–1199) – married firstly 1460:Stephen's wife and elder son, 1263:Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais 1052: 1047: 13: 1: 13949: 13857:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde 13387:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 13261:Geoffrey (archbishop of York) 13238:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany 13218:William IX, Count of Poitiers 10551:The Crusades: A Short History 10449:Henry II: New Interpretations 9682:Henry II: New Interpretations 7589: 7522:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 6700:Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk 5523:Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster 5314:Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster 4922:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany 4173: 4021: 4002: 3902:, where they captured Henry. 3441:(1421–1471)—also had one son: 2988:Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy 2922:meets the rebels of the 1381 2872:between Peter of Castile and 2674:Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster 2507:Conquest of Wales by Edward I 2503:Wars of Scottish Independence 2145:Henry III had nine children: 2101: 1883:Decline and the loss of Anjou 1683: 1598:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany 1498:William IX, Count of Poitiers 886:Social history (1979–present) 671: 658: 644: 631: 14045: 13841:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 10957:. HarperCollins Publishers. 10914:UK public library membership 10884:UK public library membership 10796:UK public library membership 10750:UK public library membership 10704:UK public library membership 10677:UK public library membership 10650:UK public library membership 10540:UK public library membership 10494:UK public library membership 10414:UK public library membership 10387:UK public library membership 10360:UK public library membership 10331:UK public library membership 10304:UK public library membership 10201:UK public library membership 10174:UK public library membership 10147:UK public library membership 10120:UK public library membership 10093:UK public library membership 10064:UK public library membership 10037:UK public library membership 10010:UK public library membership 9945:UK public library membership 9918:UK public library membership 9891:UK public library membership 9864:UK public library membership 9837:UK public library membership 9810:UK public library membership 9783:UK public library membership 9754:UK public library membership 9727:UK public library membership 9598:UK public library membership 9550:UK public library membership 9523:UK public library membership 9496:UK public library membership 9440:UK public library membership 9413:UK public library membership 9365:Bent, Samuel Arthur (1887). 9350:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 9339:UK public library membership 9312:UK public library membership 9285:UK public library membership 9005:. Stroud: The History Press. 8988:The Mythology of Richard III 7534:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall 7501:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster 7337:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 6690:Richard III, King of England 6432:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 6235:Humphrey, Earl of Buckingham 5532:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster 5332:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall 4481: 3959: 3806:, which were found in 2012.) 2733:Hundred Years' War (1369–89) 2729:Hundred Years' War (1337–60) 2713:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster 2443:(1300–1338), whose daughter 2376:Margaret, Duchess of Brabant 2364:Joan, Countess of Gloucester 1991: 1674:A miniature from an English 1654:Count Raymond VI of Toulouse 1620:King Alfonso VIII of Castile 854:Post-war Britain (political) 32:Plantagenet (disambiguation) 7: 9378:(2nd ed.). Routledge. 8990:. Amberley. pp. 74–85. 8223:Nottingham Medieval Studies 6176:Richard II, King of England 5680:Edward III, King of England 5505:Thomas, 1st Earl of Norfolk 4297: 3942:Richard, Duke of Gloucester 3621: 3404: 2791:resulted in the capture of 2779:, and a victory on land at 2073:and three daughters called 1891:One of only four surviving 1538:count palatine of the Rhine 1126: 1040:. Every English, and later 10: 14201: 13179: 11192:Economy in the Middle Ages 10951:Jones, Dan (10 May 2012). 9628:The Isles – A History 9189:Public Records Office 1870 8730:Brown & Summerson 2010 7215:Arthur I, Duke of Brittany 7209:Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany 6934:Henry VII, King of England 6653:Edward IV, King of England 6217:Richard, Earl of Cambridge 5948:Thomas, Duke of Gloucester 5495:Edward II, King of England 5112:Henry III, King of England 5102:Arthur I, Duke of Brittany 4912:Richard I, King of England 4550:Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou 4485: 4340: 3804:the remains of Richard III 3671: 3665: 3589: 3463:(1387–1421)—killed at the 3397: 3391: 3225:(1373–1415)—killed at the 2722: 2500: 2384:(1278–1332), who became a 1842:Leopold V, Duke of Austria 1733:Constitutions of Clarendon 1610:Arthur I, Duke of Brittany 1588:Richard I, King of England 1570:Princess Helena of Denmark 1510:Matilda, Duchess of Saxony 1375: 1364: 1132: 966:, two of the Plantagenets 29: 14124: 14083: 14070: 14053: 14040: 14000:Anne of York, Lady Howard 13957: 13944: 13919: 13906: 13881: 13868: 13808: 13795: 13772: 13759: 13680: 13667: 13619: 13606: 13564:Alphonso, Earl of Chester 13531: 13518: 13473: 13460: 13369: 13356: 13330: 13317: 13291: 13278: 13205: 13192: 13146:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes 13128: 13115: 13047: 12975: 12937: 12776: 12688: 12645: 12552: 12437: 12315: 12267: 12224: 12194: 12151: 12097: 11388: 11325: 11133: 11088:House of Anjou (Capetian) 11084: 11075: 11067: 11057: 11052:Ruling House of Brittany 11050: 11042: 11032: 11006: 10998: 10974: 10570:Runciman, Steven (1987). 10555:. Yale University Press. 9975:. Yale University Press. 9559:Davies, C. S. L. (1977). 9449:English Historical Review 7645:Oxford English Dictionary 7059: 7057: 7011: 6954:Edward V, King of England 6940: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6880: 6878: 6870: 6868: 6860: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6840: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6799: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6777: 6775: 6759: 6757: 6741: 6739: 6723: 6721: 6713: 6711: 6625:Henry VI, King of England 6616: 6614: 6612: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6552: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6498: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6478: 6476: 6441:Richard, 3rd Duke of York 6386: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6314: 6310: 6298: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6222: 6198:Henry IV, King of England 6159: 6157: 6155: 6139: 6137: 6118: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6096: 6075: 6073: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6035: 6033: 6025: 6023: 6007: 6005: 5997: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5977: 5975: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5617: 5615: 5607: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5485:Alphonso, Earl of Chester 5477: 5475: 5473: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5296:Edward I, King of England 5271: 5269: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5223: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5032: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5002: 5000: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4820: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4730:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes 4720:Henry II, King of England 4695: 4693: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4639: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4621: 3896:First Battle of St Albans 3703:, became involved in the 2911:Descendants of Edward III 2789:Battle of Neville's Cross 2592:Edward asserted that the 2485:confiscated the Duchy of 2370:Alphonso, Earl of Chester 2348:King Ferdinand of Castile 2174:John II, Duke of Brittany 2160:Alexander III of Scotland 1793:supported the rebellion. 1650:King William II of Sicily 1626:and four queen consorts, 1616:Eleanor, Queen of Castile 1606:Duke Conan IV of Brittany 1213: 1174:counts and dukes of Anjou 993:as the primary language. 864:Post-war Britain (social) 790: 768: 754: 742: 730: 708: 579: 564: 547: 171: 161: 151: 143: 70: 60: 46: 41: 11008:Ruling House of England 10926:Britain's Royal Families 8931:Fields, Bertram (1998). 8197:Turner & Heiser 2014 7729:Turner & Heiser 2014 7549: 7473:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Kent 7325:Thomas, Duke of Clarence 7263:Edward, the Black Prince 6672:George, Duke of Clarence 6405:Thomas, Duke of Clarence 6395:Henry V, King of England 6208:Edward, 2nd Duke of York 5939:Lionel, Duke of Clarence 5922:Edmund, 1st Duke of York 5717:Henry, Duke of Lancaster 5699:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Kent 5514:Edmund, 1st Earl of Kent 5130:Richard, King of Germany 4111: 3541:Enguerrand de Monstrelet 3431:(1386–1422)—had one son: 3256:John V, Duke of Brittany 3193:(1379–1440)—Joan's son, 2990:, and had two daughters: 2831:Edward, the Black Prince 2604:, the sole heir of King 2564: Kingdom of England 2408:, and the countesses of 2355:Eleanor, Countess of Bar 2164:Margaret, Maid of Norway 2033:Alexander II of Scotland 1722:Archbishop of Canterbury 1656:. Her children included 1367:Angevin kings of England 1135:Angevin kings of England 1014:Battle of Bosworth Field 14175:Royal houses of England 14170:Roman Catholic monarchs 13693:Edward the Black Prince 11256:Commonwealth of England 10831:—— (1991). 10421:Plant, John S. (2007). 10263:—— (2008). 10217:Oxford University Press 9971:Hicks, Michael (2012). 9660:—— (2001). 9626:—— (1999). 9609:Europe – A History 9607:Davies, Norman (1997). 9563:. Hart-Davis, McGiven. 9001:Lewis, Matthew (2018). 8899:University of Leicester 7650:Oxford University Press 7395:Edmund, Earl of Rutland 6991:Edward, Prince of Wales 6982:Edward, Earl of Warwick 6663:Edmund, Earl of Rutland 5913:John, Duke of Lancaster 4404:and his infant daughter 4392:António, Prior of Crato 4202: 4164:Arthur, Prince of Wales 4143:Edward, Earl of Warwick 3919:Edmund, Earl of Rutland 3889:Conflict over the crown 3745:, was mother-in-law to 3487:Jacquetta of Luxembourg 3294:Demise of the main line 3051:earls of Northumberland 2687:Battle of Boroughbridge 2657: 2549: Lordships of the 2463:Edward the Black Prince 1658:Raymond VII of Toulouse 1624:King Henry I of Castile 1182:Capetian House of Anjou 54:Armorial of Plantagenet 14077:Richard III of England 13186: 10906:10.1093/ref:odnb/12959 10876:10.1093/ref:odnb/23503 10803:Warren, W. L. (1973). 10788:10.1093/ref:odnb/14843 10742:10.1093/ref:odnb/23501 10696:10.1093/ref:odnb/23499 10669:10.1093/ref:odnb/14820 10642:10.1093/ref:odnb/16983 10611:Schama, Simon (2000). 10532:10.1093/ref:odnb/12950 10406:10.1093/ref:odnb/22451 10323:10.1093/ref:odnb/18339 10296:10.1093/ref:odnb/14819 10248:. Thomas Dunne Books. 10242:Mortimer, Ian (2003). 10193:10.1093/ref:odnb/27195 10166:10.1093/ref:odnb/10535 10139:10.1093/ref:odnb/29690 10112:10.1093/ref:odnb/12949 10085:10.1093/ref:odnb/18051 10056:10.1093/ref:odnb/23500 10002:10.1093/ref:odnb/22449 9937:10.1093/ref:odnb/23502 9910:10.1093/ref:odnb/14155 9883:10.1093/ref:odnb/10463 9856:10.1093/ref:odnb/46703 9829:10.1093/ref:odnb/12954 9802:10.1093/ref:odnb/12953 9775:10.1093/ref:odnb/48316 9746:10.1093/ref:odnb/14841 9719:10.1093/ref:odnb/23498 9590:10.1093/ref:odnb/26202 9542:10.1093/ref:odnb/22446 9515:10.1093/ref:odnb/22458 9405:10.1093/ref:odnb/12951 9304:10.1093/ref:odnb/92701 9277:10.1093/ref:odnb/14482 7479:John, 3rd Earl of Kent 7416:Richard III of England 5708:John, 3rd Earl of Kent 5690:John, Earl of Cornwall 4450: 4319:Lady Margaret Beaufort 4215: 4199:'s invasion of Italy. 4108: 4014:(1472; died that year) 3885: 3780:cognatic primogeniture 3548: 3341:; became known as the 3311: 3134:Catherine of Lancaster 2945: 2827: 2752: 2652: 2566: 2299: 2107: 1904: 1840:, he made an enemy of 1808: 1697: 1618:(1161–1214) – married 1600:(1158–1186) – married 1592:Philip, Lord of Cognac 1584:both descend from him. 1580:and the British royal 1512:(1156–1189) – married 1394: 1325:Fulk V, Count of Anjou 1254: 1206: 1143: 1067: 970:. The family held the 166:Richard III of England 14165:French noble families 13766:Richard II of England 13674:Edward III of England 13632:Edward III of England 13579:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan 13375:Isabella of Angoulême 13363:John, King of England 13336:Berengaria of Navarre 13253:John, King of England 13185: 12962:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 11078:Ruling House of Anjou 10757:Wagner, John (2001). 10486:10.1093/ref:odnb/8517 10379:10.1093/ref:odnb/8518 10352:10.1093/ref:odnb/8519 10029:10.1093/ref:odnb/8520 9973:The Wars of the Roses 9488:10.1093/ref:odnb/6451 9432:10.1093/ref:odnb/8525 9331:10.1093/ref:odnb/8523 8267:. The Royal Household 7778:, pp. 11–12, 120 7331:John, Duke of Bedford 7315:Edward of Westminster 7270:Richard II of England 7256:Edward III of England 6975:Countess of Salisbury 6964:Richard of Shrewsbury 6423:John, Duke of Bedford 4940:John, King of England 4429: 4419:. It was referred by 4210: 4155:Battle of Stoke Field 4118:Henry VII, of England 4104: 3927:Edward, Earl of March 3900:Battle of Northampton 3879: 3672:Further information: 3534: 3398:Further information: 3357:, at the skirmish of 3316:Richard II of England 3301: 3017:William (1334/6–1337) 2918: 2813: 2740: 2682:Battle of Bannockburn 2649:Battle of Bannockburn 2642: 2514: 2465:; together, they had 2289: 2087: 1890: 1803: 1673: 1664:John, King of England 1646:Joan, Queen of Sicily 1566:William of Winchester 1552:in opposition to the 1548:before being elected 1481:Of Henry's siblings, 1466:Treaty of Wallingford 1385: 1376:Further information: 1221: 1186:Valois House of Anjou 1133:Further information: 1062: 122:Principality of Wales 14150:House of Plantagenet 13686:Philippa of Hainault 13642:Eleanor of Woodstock 13613:Edward II of England 13584:Edward II of England 13506:Katherine of England 13467:Henry III of England 13382:Henry III of England 13324:Richard I of England 13285:Henry the Young King 13233:Richard I of England 13223:Henry the Young King 13211:Eleanor of Aquitaine 13109:House of Plantagenet 12107:Anglo-Saxon military 11295:Overseas possessions 10986:House of Plantagenet 10596:. Harper Perennial. 7372:Edward IV of England 7248:Edward II of England 7232:Henry III of England 7202:Richard I of England 7195:Henry the Young King 4902:Henry the Young King 4421:Charles I of England 4351:wrote in his report 4232:earldom of Salisbury 4197:François I of France 4083:Princes in the Tower 4048:(1479–1527)—married 4033:(1475–1511)—married 3978:Henry VII of England 3950:Battle of Tewkesbury 3917:along with those of 3882:Battle of Tewkesbury 3837:(1446–1503)—married 3827:(1444–1503)—married 3737:. She later married 3697:Constance of Castile 3600:Charles VI of France 3511:(1394–1430)—married 3501:(1392–1409)—married 3366:Merciless Parliament 3264:(1346–1361)—married 3254:(1344–1362)—married 3197:, and her grandson, 3138:Henry III of Castile 3136:(1372–1418)—married 3128:Constance of Castile 3094:(1364–1426)—married 3081:(1360–1415)—married 3069:Blanche of Lancaster 3067:(1340–1399)—married 2986:(1332–1382)—married 2970:Edward (1365–1371/2) 2950:Philippa of Hainault 2890:King Juan of Castile 2757:Charles IV of France 2672:, led by his cousin 2575:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 2536:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 2517:Treaty of Montgomery 2497:Expansion in Britain 2479:Statutes of Mortmain 2472:Eleanor (1306–1311). 2459:Edmund, Earl of Kent 2434:Philip III of France 2390:Isabella (1279–1279) 2273:Provisions of Oxford 2188:earldom of Leicester 2132:Edward the Confessor 1913:Guillaume des Roches 1895:of the 1215 text of 1862:Jonathan Riley-Smith 1846:Conrad of Montferrat 1817:partible inheritance 1783:Henry the Young King 1749:Canterbury Cathedral 1504:Henry the Young King 1451:Eleanor of Aquitaine 1038:early modern Britain 935:House of Plantagenet 42:House of Plantagenet 14112:Richard of Eastwell 14058:no consort or issue 13963:Elizabeth Woodville 13913:Henry VI of England 13894:Henry VI of England 13887:Catherine of Valois 13851:Philippa of England 13802:Henry IV of England 13525:Edward I of England 13496:Beatrice of England 13491:Margaret of England 13486:Edward I of England 13479:Eleanor of Provence 13437:Bartholomew FitzRoy 13410:Joan, Lady of Wales 13397:Isabella of England 13304:William Plantagenet 13199:Henry II of England 13169:Mary of Shaftesbury 13151:William FitzEmpress 13141:Henry II of England 11521:Acts of Parliament: 11288:Union with Scotland 11283:Glorious Revolution 11229:Union of the Crowns 11219:English Renaissance 11207:English Reformation 11148:Anglo-Saxon England 11046:House of Penthièvre 9095:Ulwencreutz, Lars. 8235:10.1484/J.NMS.3.408 7648:(Online ed.). 7380:Edward V of England 7308:Henry VI of England 7292:Henry IV of England 7240:Edward I of England 7188:Henry II of England 4739:William FitzEmpress 4402:Philip III of Spain 4251:Catherine of Aragon 4245:married the son of 4185:Louis XII of France 4168:Katherine of Aragon 4133:This did not deter 4076:Lady Eleanor Talbot 3938:Elizabeth Woodville 3911:Battle of Wakefield 3739:Thomas of Lancaster 3735:John of Gaunt's son 3628:Henry VI of England 3608:Catherine of Valois 3604:Battle of Agincourt 3545:Chronique de France 3537:Battle of Agincourt 3227:Battle of Agincourt 3213:Isabella of Castile 3142:Catherine of Aragon 2904:Charles V of France 2874:Henry II of Castile 2849:. John agreed to a 2583:Statute of Rhuddlan 2483:Philip IV of France 2156:Margaret of England 2053:'s son (also named 2031:– queen consort of 1829:Philip II of France 1791:Louis VII of France 1526:Enguerrand de Coucy 1447:Louis VII of France 1432:William of Newburgh 1267:Ermengarde of Anjou 1034:English Renaissance 1018:English Middle Ages 978:, until 1485, when 626:Prehistoric Britain 156:Geoffrey V of Anjou 110:Lordship of Ireland 14104:John of Gloucester 13875:Henry V of England 13846:Blanche of England 13826:Henry V of England 13783:Isabella of Valois 13625:Isabella of France 13537:Eleanor of Castile 13187: 12577:Mann and the Isles 11478:Secretary of State 11160:Kingdom of England 11127:Kingdom of England 11019:House of Lancaster 9662:The Angevin Empire 9461:10.1093/ehr/cem214 9250:, pp. 134–145 9238:, pp. 124–134 8984:Ashdown-Hill, John 8959:, pp. 139–145 8884:, pp. 134–139 8705:, pp. 124–130 7685:, pp. 228–229 7681:, pp. 85–86; 7677:, pp. 15–23; 7300:Henry V of England 4509:House of Lancaster 4365:James I of England 4216: 4109: 3886: 3695:and the sister of 3679:Pre-regnal history 3596:Henry V of England 3549: 3467:. His marriage to 3394:House of Lancaster 3388:House of Lancaster 3312: 3158:Katherine Swynford 3083:John I of Portugal 3055:Elizabeth Mortimer 3025:Elizabeth de Burgh 2946: 2855:Treaty of Brétigny 2841:, but the ensuing 2828: 2820:Hundred Years' War 2765:Joan II of Navarre 2753: 2725:Hundred Years' War 2653: 2567: 2430:Margaret of France 2344:Eleanor of Castile 2308:Second Barons' War 2300: 2281:Louis IX of France 2213:Henry I of Navarre 2204:Count of Champagne 2192:Second Barons' War 2128:Hugh X of Lusignan 2108: 2079:Llewelyn the Great 2071:Wallingford Castle 2020:king of the Romans 1967:Battle of Bouvines 1963:Holy Roman Emperor 1918:Battle of Mirebeau 1905: 1809: 1741:Archbishop of York 1698: 1691:Walters Art Museum 1632:Urraca of Portugal 1628:Berengaria of Leon 1578:Brunswick-Lüneburg 1572:. Their only son, 1528:. The eldest son, 1524:, and secondly to 1455:Duchy of Aquitaine 1395: 1372:Arrival in England 1255: 1207:espace Plantagenet 1148:is French for "of 1068: 1036:and the advent of 998:Hundred Years' War 584:House of Lancaster 429:Earl of Buckingham 337:Duke of Gloucester 215:King of the Romans 85:Kingdom of England 14137: 14136: 14120: 14119: 14066: 14065: 14036: 14035: 14029:Grace Plantagenet 14010:Catherine of York 13970:Elizabeth of York 13940: 13939: 13925:Margaret of Anjou 13902: 13901: 13864: 13863: 13791: 13790: 13755: 13754: 13741:John de Southeray 13698:Isabella de Coucy 13663: 13662: 13647:Joan of the Tower 13602: 13601: 13574:Mary of Woodstock 13514: 13513: 13501:Edmund Crouchback 13456: 13455: 13352: 13351: 13313: 13312: 13306:(died in infancy) 13274: 13273: 13177: 13176: 13075: 13074: 13003: 13002: 12397: 12396: 12239:Church of England 11197:Wars of the Roses 11094: 11093: 11085:Succeeded by 11071:House of Ingelger 11058:Succeeded by 11033:Succeeded by 11027: 10964:978-0-00-745749-6 10935:978-0-09-953973-5 10912:(Subscription or 10882:(Subscription or 10816:978-0-520-02282-9 10794:(Subscription or 10748:(Subscription or 10722:978-1-317-89042-3 10702:(Subscription or 10675:(Subscription or 10648:(Subscription or 10603:978-0-00-724772-1 10581:978-0-521-34772-3 10562:978-0-300-04700-4 10538:(Subscription or 10492:(Subscription or 10459:978-1-84383-340-6 10452:. Boydell Press. 10412:(Subscription or 10385:(Subscription or 10358:(Subscription or 10329:(Subscription or 10302:(Subscription or 10274:978-1-84413-529-5 10199:(Subscription or 10172:(Subscription or 10145:(Subscription or 10118:(Subscription or 10091:(Subscription or 10062:(Subscription or 10035:(Subscription or 10008:(Subscription or 9982:978-0-300-18157-9 9963:978-0-521-52273-1 9943:(Subscription or 9916:(Subscription or 9889:(Subscription or 9862:(Subscription or 9835:(Subscription or 9808:(Subscription or 9781:(Subscription or 9752:(Subscription or 9725:(Subscription or 9692:978-1-84383-340-6 9685:. Boydell Press. 9596:(Subscription or 9570:978-0-00-686354-0 9548:(Subscription or 9521:(Subscription or 9494:(Subscription or 9438:(Subscription or 9411:(Subscription or 9385:978-1-317-93425-7 9369:. Ticknor and Co. 9357:978-0-85115-947-8 9337:(Subscription or 9310:(Subscription or 9283:(Subscription or 9214:, pp. 57–145 8841:, pp. 93–114 8663:, pp. 92–117 8187:, pp. 75–100 7722:978-0-582-03786-1 7656:(Subscription or 7459:Edward of Norfolk 7172: 7171: 7138: 7005: 6944:Elizabeth of York 6811: 6635:Margaret Beaufort 6131: 6089: 4417:earldom of Oxford 4123:Elizabeth of York 4106:Elizabeth of York 4091:Margaret Beaufort 4046:Catherine of York 3796:Mitochondrial DNA 3715:Constance of York 3674:Wars of the Roses 3636:Cardinal Beaufort 3582:in the North and 3553:Edmund Crouchback 3513:Eric of Pomerania 3483:John the Fearless 3347:Henry Bolingbroke 3329:The king's uncle 3308:Westminster Abbey 3169:Margaret Beaufort 2847:John II of France 2750:Charles of Valois 2643:A scene from the 2630:Battle of Falkirk 2382:Mary of Woodstock 2342:Edward I married 2320:Battle of Evesham 2296:Battle of Evesham 2292:Simon de Montfort 2266:was prohibitive. 2264:Emperor Frederick 2260:Kingdom of Sicily 2180:Edmund Crouchback 2115:Treaty of Lambeth 2098:Westminster Abbey 2059:Simon de Montfort 2024:Holy Roman Empire 1984:, the husband of 1978:First Barons' War 1640:Eleanor of Aragon 1636:Blanche of France 1546:count of Poitiers 1420:Battle of Lincoln 1355:King of Jerusalem 1314:House of Normandy 1275:an Angevin family 1166:House of Normandy 1113:Wars of the Roses 1026:Elizabeth of York 1010:Wars of the Roses 931: 930: 872: 871: 653:Sub-Roman Britain 600: 599: 596: 592:House of Beaufort 529:Earl of Salisbury 519:Earl of Leicester 509:Earl of Lancaster 277:Duke of Aquitaine 134:Holy Roman Empire 98:Kingdom of France 65:House of Ingelger 16:(Redirected from 14192: 14072: 14071: 14042: 14041: 13990:Margaret of York 13946: 13945: 13908: 13907: 13870: 13869: 13797: 13796: 13761: 13760: 13669: 13668: 13608: 13607: 13520: 13519: 13462: 13461: 13422:Geoffrey FitzRoy 13358: 13357: 13344:Philip of Cognac 13319: 13318: 13280: 13279: 13194: 13193: 13117: 13116: 13102: 13095: 13088: 13079: 13078: 13030: 13023: 13016: 13007: 13006: 12841:Síl nÁedo Sláine 12748:Ó Máel Sechlainn 12424: 12417: 12410: 12401: 12400: 12357:Royal supporters 12204:English language 11451:Council of State 11441:King's Secretary 11434:House of Commons 11419:Magnum Concilium 11317:Maritime history 11278:Exclusion Crisis 11261:The Protectorate 11120: 11113: 11106: 11097: 11096: 11068:Preceded by 11061:House of Thouars 11043:Preceded by 11012: 10999:Preceded by 10972: 10971: 10968: 10939: 10917: 10909: 10887: 10879: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10799: 10791: 10772: 10753: 10745: 10726: 10707: 10699: 10680: 10672: 10653: 10645: 10626: 10607: 10585: 10566: 10554: 10543: 10535: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10497: 10489: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10442: 10417: 10409: 10390: 10382: 10363: 10355: 10334: 10326: 10307: 10299: 10278: 10267:. Random House. 10259: 10238: 10204: 10196: 10177: 10169: 10150: 10142: 10123: 10115: 10096: 10088: 10067: 10059: 10040: 10032: 10013: 10005: 9986: 9967: 9948: 9940: 9921: 9913: 9894: 9886: 9867: 9859: 9840: 9832: 9813: 9805: 9786: 9778: 9757: 9749: 9730: 9722: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9675: 9656: 9641: 9622: 9601: 9593: 9574: 9553: 9545: 9526: 9518: 9499: 9491: 9472: 9455:(498): 865–891. 9443: 9435: 9416: 9408: 9389: 9370: 9361: 9342: 9334: 9315: 9307: 9288: 9280: 9251: 9245: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9226:, pp. 96–97 9221: 9215: 9209: 9203: 9197: 9191: 9186: 9180: 9175: 9169: 9164: 9158: 9153: 9147: 9142: 9133: 9131:Cunningham 2004a 9128: 9122: 9117: 9111: 9106: 9100: 9093: 9087: 9082: 9076: 9071: 9065: 9059: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9006: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8980: 8971: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8948: 8943: 8937: 8936: 8928: 8922: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8868: 8853: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8747: 8741: 8732: 8727: 8718: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8693:, pp. 79–80 8688: 8682: 8677: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8635: 8629: 8624: 8615: 8610: 8599: 8594: 8573: 8563: 8557: 8552: 8546: 8541: 8532: 8527: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8497:, pp. 86–90 8492: 8486: 8485:, pp. 82–86 8480: 8474: 8469: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8433: 8427: 8421: 8415: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8390:, pp. 74–81 8385: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8362: 8356: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8328: 8322: 8317: 8311: 8306: 8300: 8295: 8289: 8288:, pp. 67–74 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8171: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8139: 8124: 8119: 8113: 8112:, pp. 17–23 8107: 8101: 8098:Riley-Smith 1987 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8041:, pp. 34–36 8036: 8030: 8029:, pp. 28–29 8024: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 7998: 7992: 7986: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7958: 7949: 7948:, pp. 64–65 7943: 7934: 7928: 7922: 7916: 7910: 7909:, pp. 66–67 7904: 7898: 7893: 7887: 7886:, pp. 59–74 7881: 7875: 7874:, pp. 19–20 7869: 7863: 7862:, pp. 60–61 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7838:, pp. 45–46 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7814:, pp. 15–18 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7726: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7653: 7641: 7634: 7628: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7600: 7583: 7560: 7132: 7001: 6807: 6125: 6083: 4522: 4521: 4515: 4506: 4361:Sir Robert Cecil 4337:Tudor succession 4228:Sir Richard Pole 4026: 4023: 4007: 4004: 3946:Battle of Barnet 3931:Battle of Towton 3923:Mary of Guelders 3843:Duke of Burgundy 3839:Charles the Bold 3731:Margaret Holland 3727:Alianore Holland 3705:Southampton Plot 3693:María de Padilla 3689:Peter of Castile 3652:Hanseatic League 3612:Treaty of Troyes 3610:. The resulting 3479:Anne of Burgundy 3469:Margaret Holland 3324:Peasants' Revolt 3151:John (1374–1375) 3144:, first wife of 3039:cognatic kinship 2924:Peasants' Revolt 2878:Battle of Nájera 2773:Robert of Artois 2660: 2634:Robert the Bruce 2594:king of Scotland 2577:claimed to rule 2563: 2557: 2548: 2542: 2533: 2523: 2515:Wales after the 2451:, was the first 2316:Great Parliament 2106: 2103: 1893:exemplifications 1873:Emperor Henry VI 1795:William the Lion 1688: 1685: 1582:house of Windsor 1574:also called Otto 1271:cognatic kinship 1209: 1199:" was coined by 1156:, and grandsons 1092:Duke of Normandy 923: 916: 909: 844:Second World War 834:Interwar Britain 673: 660: 646: 633: 622: 621: 602: 601: 594: 575: 573: 539:Earl of Richmond 537: 527: 517: 507: 497: 496: 485: 484: 473: 472: 461: 460: 449: 441:Earl of Cornwall 439: 438: 427: 426: 415: 414: 403: 402: 393:Count of Mortain 391: 390: 379: 378: 377: 367: 366: 355: 347:Duke of Clarence 345: 335: 334: 325:Duke of Cornwall 323: 322: 311: 310: 301:Duke of Brittany 299: 298: 289:Duke of Normandy 287: 286: 275: 274: 263: 262: 261: 251: 250: 239: 238: 226: 225: 213: 212: 196: 195: 184: 183: 132: 131: 120: 119: 118: 108: 107: 96: 94: 93: 83: 82: 51: 39: 38: 21: 14200: 14199: 14195: 14194: 14193: 14191: 14190: 14189: 14140: 14139: 14138: 14133: 14116: 14079: 14062: 14049: 14032: 14015:Bridget of York 13953: 13936: 13915: 13898: 13877: 13860: 13804: 13787: 13778:Anne of Bohemia 13768: 13751: 13723:Mary of Waltham 13703:Joan of England 13676: 13659: 13615: 13598: 13527: 13510: 13469: 13452: 13449:William de Forz 13415:Richard FitzRoy 13365: 13348: 13326: 13309: 13287: 13270: 13201: 13188: 13173: 13134:Empress Matilda 13124: 13111: 13106: 13076: 13071: 13043: 13034: 13004: 12999: 12971: 12933: 12772: 12684: 12641: 12548: 12433: 12428: 12398: 12393: 12387:St George's Day 12362:Royal standards 12345:College of Arms 12311: 12263: 12220: 12190: 12147: 12093: 11402: 11384: 11321: 11268:The Restoration 11212:Elizabethan era 11165:Norman Conquest 11129: 11124: 11090: 11081: 11073: 11063: 11054: 11048: 11038: 11029: 11022: 11017: 11010: 11004: 10994: 10988: 10983: 10965: 10947: 10945:Further reading 10942: 10936: 10911: 10892:Waugh, Scott L. 10881: 10849: 10847: 10845: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10793: 10769: 10747: 10723: 10701: 10674: 10647: 10623: 10604: 10582: 10574:. CUP Archive. 10563: 10537: 10510: 10508: 10491: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10411: 10384: 10357: 10328: 10301: 10275: 10256: 10227: 10198: 10171: 10144: 10117: 10090: 10061: 10034: 10007: 9983: 9964: 9942: 9915: 9888: 9861: 9834: 9807: 9780: 9751: 9724: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9672: 9638: 9619: 9595: 9571: 9547: 9520: 9493: 9437: 9410: 9386: 9358: 9336: 9309: 9282: 9260: 9255: 9254: 9246: 9242: 9234: 9230: 9222: 9218: 9210: 9206: 9198: 9194: 9187: 9183: 9176: 9172: 9165: 9161: 9154: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9125: 9120:Cunningham 2008 9118: 9114: 9107: 9103: 9094: 9090: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9068: 9060: 9056: 9048: 9044: 9037: 9033: 9026: 9022: 9014: 9010: 8999: 8995: 8981: 8974: 8967: 8963: 8955: 8951: 8944: 8940: 8929: 8925: 8918: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8880: 8876: 8869: 8856: 8849: 8845: 8837: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8801: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8777: 8773: 8766: 8762: 8754: 8750: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8713: 8709: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8678: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8632: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8602: 8595: 8576: 8568:, p. 220; 8564: 8560: 8553: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8528: 8513: 8505: 8501: 8493: 8489: 8481: 8477: 8470: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8434: 8430: 8422: 8418: 8410: 8406: 8398: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8374: 8370: 8363: 8359: 8352: 8348: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8325: 8318: 8314: 8307: 8303: 8296: 8292: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8219: 8215: 8209:Gillingham 2001 8207: 8203: 8195: 8191: 8183: 8179: 8172: 8159: 8153:Gillingham 2001 8151: 8147: 8142:Gillingham 2010 8140: 8127: 8122:Gillingham 2009 8120: 8116: 8110:Gillingham 1985 8108: 8104: 8096: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8072: 8068: 8061: 8057: 8051:Gillingham 2001 8049: 8045: 8039:Gillingham 2001 8037: 8033: 8027:Gillingham 2001 8025: 8021: 8011: 8009: 8007:History Ireland 7999: 7995: 7987: 7978: 7972:Gillingham 2001 7970: 7966: 7961:Strickland 2010 7959: 7952: 7944: 7937: 7929: 7925: 7917: 7913: 7905: 7901: 7894: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7872:Gillingham 2001 7870: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7848:Gillingham 2001 7846: 7842: 7834: 7830: 7824:Gillingham 2001 7822: 7818: 7812:Gillingham 2001 7810: 7806: 7800:Gillingham 2001 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7776:Gillingham 2001 7774: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7752:Gillingham 2001 7750: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7723: 7705: 7701: 7695:Gillingham 2001 7693: 7689: 7675:Gillingham 2007 7673:, p. 173; 7669: 7665: 7655: 7635: 7631: 7624: 7620: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7586: 7561: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7528:Henry of Almain 7224:John of England 7178: 7174: 7173: 7004:York-de la Pole 7003: 6993: 6984: 6974: 6966: 6957: 6946: 6937: 6926: 6924:Prince of Wales 6923: 6702: 6693: 6674: 6665: 6656: 6637: 6628: 6443: 6434: 6425: 6416: 6407: 6398: 6237: 6228: 6219: 6210: 6201: 6188: 6179: 6128: 6127:Two generations 6086: 5950: 5941: 5924: 5915: 5898: 5896:Prince of Wales 5895: 5719: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5683: 5534: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5498: 5487: 5334: 5325: 5323:Henry of Almain 5316: 5299: 5132: 5115: 5104: 4943: 4924: 4915: 4904: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4552: 4520: 4513: 4511: 4504: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4455: 4436:? For where is 4345: 4339: 4300: 4205: 4189:Battle of Pavia 4181:Philip the Fair 4176: 4127:Polydore Vergil 4114: 4099: 4068: 4060:Agnes of Eltham 4056:Bridget of York 4024: 4005: 3962: 3891: 3762:Eleanor Holland 3743:Eleanor Holland 3681: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3624: 3592: 3465:Battle of Baugé 3419:Monmouth Castle 3407: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3343:Lords Appellant 3296: 3283:Edmund Stafford 3252:Mary of Waltham 3106:; respectively. 2913: 2896:to Juan's son, 2816:Battle of Crécy 2777:Battle of Sluys 2735: 2723:Main articles: 2721: 2626:William Wallace 2622:Treaty of Paris 2587:Prince of Wales 2565: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2531: 2529: 2521: 2509: 2499: 2453:duke of Norfolk 2340: 2312:Battle of Lewes 2277:Treaty of Paris 2227:. Edmund's son 2211:, the widow of 2104: 2051:William Marshal 1999: 1994: 1947:John Gillingham 1920:and his sister 1901:British Library 1885: 1866:John Gillingham 1858:Steven Runciman 1856:. According to 1686: 1522:count of Perche 1518:Duke of Bavaria 1479: 1441:count of Nantes 1380: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1351:Robert Curthose 1306:Empress Matilda 1265:, and his wife 1259:counts of Anjou 1216: 1170:House of Wessex 1141: 1131: 1057: 1050: 952:County of Anjou 939:/plænˈtædʒənət/ 927: 891: 890: 877: 824:First World War 619: 610:English history 590: 586: 571: 569: 560: 543: 491: 487:Earl of Norfolk 479: 467: 455: 451:Earl of Chester 433: 421: 417:Count of Poitou 409: 405:Count of Nantes 397: 385: 375: 373: 361: 329: 317: 313:Duke of Gascony 305: 293: 281: 269: 265:Prince of Wales 259: 257: 245: 241:Lord of Ireland 233: 220: 207: 190: 186:King of England 178: 139: 126: 116: 114: 102: 91: 89: 77: 56: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14198: 14188: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14155:House of Anjou 14152: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14131: 14125: 14122: 14121: 14118: 14117: 14115: 14114: 14109: 14106: 14102:Illegitimate: 14099: 14098: 14092: 14091: 14084: 14081: 14080: 14068: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14060: 14054: 14051: 14050: 14038: 14037: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14030: 14027: 14022: 14018: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13980:Cecily of York 13977: 13972: 13966: 13965: 13958: 13955: 13954: 13942: 13941: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13934: 13928: 13927: 13920: 13917: 13916: 13904: 13903: 13900: 13899: 13897: 13896: 13890: 13889: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13866: 13865: 13862: 13861: 13859: 13858: 13854: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13822: 13821: 13816: 13809: 13806: 13805: 13793: 13792: 13789: 13788: 13786: 13785: 13780: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13757: 13756: 13753: 13752: 13750: 13749: 13746: 13745:Jane Northland 13743: 13739:Illegitimate: 13736: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13681: 13678: 13677: 13665: 13664: 13661: 13660: 13658: 13657: 13653:Illegitimate: 13650: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13628: 13627: 13620: 13617: 13616: 13604: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13597: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13545: 13544: 13539: 13532: 13529: 13528: 13516: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13482: 13481: 13474: 13471: 13470: 13458: 13457: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13450: 13447: 13446:Philip FitzRoy 13444: 13443:Isabel FitzRoy 13441: 13438: 13435: 13432: 13431:Osbert Gifford 13429: 13426: 13423: 13420: 13419:Oliver FitzRoy 13417: 13412: 13408:Illegitimate: 13405: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13378: 13377: 13370: 13367: 13366: 13354: 13353: 13350: 13349: 13347: 13346: 13342:Illegitimate: 13339: 13338: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13315: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13308: 13307: 13300: 13299: 13292: 13289: 13288: 13276: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13269: 13268: 13263: 13259:Illegitimate: 13256: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13214: 13213: 13206: 13203: 13202: 13190: 13189: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13157:Illegitimate: 13154: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13129: 13126: 13125: 13113: 13112: 13105: 13104: 13097: 13090: 13082: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13048: 13045: 13044: 13033: 13032: 13025: 13018: 13010: 13001: 13000: 12998: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12981: 12979: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12943: 12941: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12915: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12882:Uí Ceinnselaig 12879: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12846:Clann Cholmáin 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12782: 12780: 12778:Gaelic Ireland 12774: 12773: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12733:Ó Gallchobhair 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12694: 12692: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12651: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12558: 12556: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12443: 12441: 12435: 12434: 12427: 12426: 12419: 12412: 12404: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12391: 12390: 12389: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12348: 12347: 12337: 12332: 12321: 12319: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12282:English Gothic 12279: 12273: 12271: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12230: 12228: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12217: 12216: 12209:English people 12206: 12200: 12198: 12192: 12191: 12189: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12157: 12155: 12149: 12148: 12146: 12145: 12144: 12143: 12138: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12124:New Model Army 12116: 12115: 12114: 12103: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11518: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11459: 11458: 11456:Lord Protector 11453: 11443: 11438: 11437: 11436: 11431: 11429:House of Lords 11421: 11416: 11411: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11400: 11395: 11389: 11386: 11385: 11383: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11331: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11319: 11314: 11313: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11292: 11291: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11258: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11234:Gunpowder Plot 11231: 11221: 11216: 11215: 11214: 11209: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11182:Angevin Empire 11179: 11178: 11177: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11156: 11155: 11145: 11139: 11137: 11131: 11130: 11123: 11122: 11115: 11108: 11100: 11092: 11091: 11086: 11083: 11074: 11069: 11065: 11064: 11059: 11056: 11049: 11044: 11040: 11039: 11036:House of Tudor 11034: 11031: 11005: 11002:House of Blois 11000: 10996: 10995: 10989: 10984: 10975: 10970: 10969: 10963: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10940: 10934: 10918: 10888: 10858: 10857: 10856: 10843: 10815: 10800: 10773: 10767: 10754: 10727: 10721: 10708: 10681: 10654: 10627: 10621: 10608: 10602: 10590:Starkey, David 10586: 10580: 10567: 10561: 10544: 10517: 10498: 10471: 10458: 10443: 10418: 10391: 10364: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10281: 10280: 10279: 10273: 10254: 10239: 10225: 10205: 10178: 10151: 10124: 10097: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10041: 9987: 9981: 9968: 9962: 9949: 9922: 9895: 9868: 9841: 9814: 9787: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9731: 9704: 9691: 9676: 9670: 9644: 9643: 9642: 9636: 9617: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9569: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9500: 9473: 9444: 9417: 9390: 9384: 9371: 9362: 9356: 9343: 9316: 9289: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9240: 9228: 9216: 9204: 9192: 9181: 9170: 9159: 9148: 9134: 9123: 9112: 9109:Carpenter 2008 9101: 9099:(2003), p. 202 9088: 9077: 9066: 9054: 9042: 9031: 9020: 9008: 8993: 8972: 8961: 8949: 8946:Griffiths 2015 8938: 8923: 8912: 8886: 8874: 8854: 8843: 8831: 8819: 8807: 8795: 8783: 8771: 8760: 8748: 8733: 8719: 8707: 8695: 8683: 8665: 8653: 8641: 8630: 8616: 8600: 8574: 8558: 8547: 8533: 8511: 8509:, pp. 4–6 8499: 8487: 8475: 8472:Prestwich 2008 8451: 8439: 8436:Maddicott 2008 8428: 8416: 8404: 8392: 8380: 8368: 8365:Carpenter 2007 8357: 8346: 8334: 8323: 8312: 8301: 8290: 8278: 8252: 8240: 8213: 8201: 8189: 8177: 8157: 8145: 8125: 8114: 8102: 8090: 8078: 8066: 8055: 8043: 8031: 8019: 7993: 7976: 7964: 7950: 7935: 7923: 7911: 7899: 7888: 7876: 7864: 7852: 7840: 7828: 7816: 7804: 7792: 7780: 7768: 7766:, p. 309. 7756: 7744: 7732: 7721: 7706:For instance, 7699: 7697:, pp. 2–5 7687: 7663: 7629: 7618: 7606: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7531: 7519: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7498: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7476: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7426: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7384: 7356: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7206: 7198: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7009: 7008: 6997: 6995: 6988: 6986: 6979: 6977: 6973:Margaret Pole, 6970: 6968: 6961: 6959: 6950: 6948: 6941: 6939: 6930: 6928: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6809:House of Tudor 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6695: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6669: 6667: 6660: 6658: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6632: 6630: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6438: 6436: 6429: 6427: 6420: 6418: 6411: 6409: 6402: 6400: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6232: 6230: 6223: 6221: 6214: 6212: 6205: 6203: 6194: 6192: 6183: 6181: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5945: 5943: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5919: 5917: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5714: 5712: 5705: 5703: 5696: 5694: 5687: 5685: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5529: 5527: 5520: 5518: 5511: 5509: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5489: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5329: 5327: 5320: 5318: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5108: 5106: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4919: 4917: 4908: 4906: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4736: 4734: 4727: 4725: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4512: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4483: 4480: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4425:House of Lords 4406: 4405: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4357:Lord Buckhurst 4341:Main article: 4338: 4335: 4307:Holland family 4299: 4296: 4276:Edward Neville 4204: 4201: 4175: 4172: 4159:Perkin Warbeck 4147:Lambert Simnel 4113: 4110: 4098: 4095: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4053: 4043: 4037: 4028: 4015: 4009: 3996: 3986: 3980: 3961: 3958: 3915:Micklegate Bar 3890: 3887: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3832: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3785:Cecily Neville 3680: 3677: 3666:Main article: 3663: 3660: 3623: 3620: 3591: 3588: 3539:in 1415, from 3529: 3528: 3506: 3496: 3490: 3481:, daughter of 3472: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3426: 3406: 3403: 3392:Main article: 3389: 3386: 3368:, de Vere and 3302:A portrait of 3295: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3272: 3271:Joan (b. 1351) 3269: 3259: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3217: 3216: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3089: 3086: 3073: 3072: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3029: 3028: 3018: 3015: 3008: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2992: 2991: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2912: 2909: 2720: 2717: 2706:Roger Mortimer 2698:Queen Isabella 2666:Piers Gaveston 2632:, after which 2560: 2554: 2551:Marcher barons 2545: 2539: 2530: 2520: 2498: 2495: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2456: 2449:Thomas Mowbray 2432:, daughter of 2426: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2391: 2388: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2357:(1264/69−1298) 2346:, daughter of 2339: 2336: 2252: 2251: 2244: 2177: 2167: 2153: 2088:A cast of the 2063: 2062: 2044: 2035: 2026: 2013: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1950:disadvantage. 1943:Sir James Holt 1884: 1881: 1757:Pope Adrian IV 1668: 1667: 1661: 1643: 1613: 1604:, daughter of 1595: 1585: 1534:duke of Saxony 1514:Henry the Lion 1507: 1501: 1478: 1477:Angevin zenith 1475: 1474: 1473: 1458: 1444: 1391:Angevin Empire 1373: 1370: 1362: 1359: 1333:William Adelin 1215: 1212: 1197:Angevin Empire 1139:Angevin Empire 1130: 1125: 1106:medieval Latin 1088:Count of Anjou 1056: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1042:United Kingdom 991:Middle English 972:English throne 968:cadet branches 943:plan-TAJ-ə-nət 929: 928: 926: 925: 918: 911: 903: 900: 899: 893: 892: 889: 888: 883: 873: 870: 869: 866: 860: 859: 856: 850: 849: 846: 840: 839: 836: 830: 829: 826: 820: 819: 816: 810: 809: 806: 800: 799: 794: 788: 787: 784: 778: 777: 772: 766: 765: 760: 752: 751: 746: 740: 739: 734: 728: 727: 724: 718: 717: 712: 706: 705: 702: 696: 695: 692: 686: 685: 682: 680:Norman/Angevin 676: 675: 669: 663: 662: 655: 649: 648: 642: 636: 635: 628: 620: 617: 616: 613: 612: 598: 597: 581: 580:Cadet branches 577: 576: 566: 562: 561: 559: 558: 555: 551: 549: 545: 544: 542: 541: 531: 521: 511: 501: 489: 477: 475:Earl of Ulster 465: 453: 443: 431: 419: 407: 395: 383: 381:Count of Maine 371: 369:Count of Anjou 359: 357:Duke of Aumale 349: 339: 327: 315: 303: 291: 279: 267: 255: 253:Lord of Cyprus 243: 231: 228:King of Sicily 218: 205: 198:King of France 188: 175: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 138: 137: 124: 112: 100: 87: 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14197: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14130: 14127: 14126: 14123: 14113: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14101: 14100: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14090: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14078: 14073: 14069: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14052: 14048: 14043: 14039: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14020: 14019: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13967: 13964: 13960: 13959: 13956: 13952: 13947: 13943: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13918: 13914: 13909: 13905: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13888: 13884: 13883: 13880: 13876: 13871: 13867: 13856: 13855: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13823: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13814:Mary de Bohun 13811: 13810: 13807: 13803: 13798: 13794: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13775: 13774: 13771: 13767: 13762: 13758: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13738: 13737: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13690: 13687: 13683: 13682: 13679: 13675: 13670: 13666: 13656: 13652: 13651: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13626: 13622: 13621: 13618: 13614: 13609: 13605: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13546: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13526: 13521: 13517: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13483: 13480: 13476: 13475: 13472: 13468: 13463: 13459: 13448: 13445: 13442: 13439: 13436: 13434:Eudes FitzRoy 13433: 13430: 13428:Henry FitzRoy 13427: 13424: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13407: 13406: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13372: 13371: 13368: 13364: 13359: 13355: 13345: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13333: 13332: 13329: 13325: 13320: 13316: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13298: 13294: 13293: 13290: 13286: 13281: 13277: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13258: 13257: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13215: 13212: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13195: 13191: 13184: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13164:Emma of Anjou 13162: 13160: 13156: 13155: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13138: 13135: 13131: 13130: 13127: 13123: 13118: 13114: 13110: 13103: 13098: 13096: 13091: 13089: 13084: 13083: 13080: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13031: 13026: 13024: 13019: 13017: 13012: 13011: 13008: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12974: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12952:Orange-Nassau 12950: 12948: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12940: 12939:Great Britain 12936: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12919: 12916: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12902:Ó Conchobhair 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12775: 12769: 12768:Ó Conchobhair 12766: 12764: 12763:Mac Lochlainn 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12652: 12650: 12648: 12644: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12551: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12519: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12425: 12420: 12418: 12413: 12411: 12406: 12405: 12402: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12330: 12326: 12325:National flag 12323: 12322: 12320: 12318: 12314: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12274: 12272: 12270: 12266: 12260: 12259:Country dance 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12215: 12212: 12211: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12193: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12150: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12129: 12125: 12122: 12121: 12120: 12117: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12100: 12096: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11919: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11541:Temp. incert. 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11468:Privy Council 11466: 11464: 11461: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11387: 11381: 11380:Orange-Nassau 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11324: 11318: 11315: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11297: 11296: 11293: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11269: 11266: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11225: 11224:Stuart period 11222: 11220: 11217: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11176: 11173: 11172: 11171: 11170:Anglo-Normans 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11121: 11116: 11114: 11109: 11107: 11102: 11101: 11098: 11089: 11080: 11079: 11072: 11066: 11062: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11037: 11028: 11025: 11024:House of York 11020: 11016:(until 1214) 11015: 11009: 11003: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10982: 10980: 10973: 10966: 10960: 10956: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10937: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10898: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10868: 10863: 10859: 10846: 10844:0-413-45520-3 10840: 10836: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10818: 10812: 10808: 10807: 10801: 10797: 10789: 10785: 10781: 10780: 10774: 10770: 10768:1-85109-358-3 10764: 10760: 10755: 10751: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10734: 10728: 10724: 10718: 10715:. Routledge. 10714: 10709: 10705: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10688: 10682: 10678: 10670: 10666: 10662: 10661: 10655: 10651: 10643: 10639: 10635: 10634: 10628: 10624: 10622:0-563-53483-4 10618: 10614: 10609: 10605: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10573: 10568: 10564: 10558: 10553: 10552: 10545: 10541: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10524: 10518: 10506: 10505: 10499: 10495: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10478: 10472: 10461: 10455: 10451: 10450: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10419: 10415: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10392: 10388: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10371: 10365: 10361: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10344: 10338: 10332: 10324: 10320: 10316: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10305: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10288: 10282: 10276: 10270: 10266: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10255:0-312-34941-6 10251: 10247: 10246: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10226:0-19-821712-9 10222: 10218: 10214: 10210: 10206: 10202: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10179: 10175: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10158: 10152: 10148: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10131: 10125: 10121: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10104: 10098: 10094: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10077: 10071: 10065: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10048: 10042: 10038: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10021: 10015: 10014: 10011: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9994: 9988: 9984: 9978: 9974: 9969: 9965: 9959: 9955: 9950: 9946: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9929: 9923: 9919: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9896: 9892: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9875: 9869: 9865: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9848: 9842: 9838: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9815: 9811: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9794: 9788: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9767: 9761: 9755: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9738: 9732: 9728: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9705: 9694: 9688: 9684: 9683: 9677: 9673: 9671:0-340-74115-5 9667: 9663: 9658: 9657: 9654: 9650: 9649:History Today 9645: 9639: 9637:0-333-76370-X 9633: 9630:. MacMillan. 9629: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9618:0-7126-6633-8 9614: 9610: 9605: 9599: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9572: 9566: 9562: 9557: 9551: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9524: 9516: 9512: 9508: 9507: 9501: 9497: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9480: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9445: 9441: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9424: 9418: 9414: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9397: 9391: 9387: 9381: 9377: 9372: 9368: 9363: 9359: 9353: 9349: 9344: 9340: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9296: 9290: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9249: 9244: 9237: 9232: 9225: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9202:, p. 166 9201: 9196: 9190: 9185: 9179: 9174: 9168: 9163: 9157: 9152: 9146: 9141: 9139: 9132: 9127: 9121: 9116: 9110: 9105: 9098: 9092: 9086: 9081: 9075: 9070: 9064:, p. 305 9063: 9058: 9052:, p. 148 9051: 9046: 9040: 9035: 9029: 9024: 9018:, p. 145 9017: 9012: 9004: 8997: 8989: 8985: 8979: 8977: 8970: 8965: 8958: 8953: 8947: 8942: 8934: 8927: 8921: 8916: 8900: 8896: 8895:"Family tree" 8890: 8883: 8878: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8852: 8847: 8840: 8835: 8828: 8823: 8816: 8811: 8805:, p. 246 8804: 8799: 8792: 8787: 8780: 8775: 8769: 8764: 8758:, p. 265 8757: 8752: 8746:, p. 353 8745: 8744:Mortimer 2003 8740: 8738: 8731: 8726: 8724: 8717:, p. 264 8716: 8711: 8704: 8699: 8692: 8687: 8681: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8662: 8657: 8650: 8645: 8639: 8634: 8628: 8623: 8621: 8614: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8598: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8544:Hamilton 2008 8540: 8538: 8531: 8530:Phillips 2008 8526: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8508: 8507:McKisack 1959 8503: 8496: 8491: 8484: 8479: 8473: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8449:, p. 181 8448: 8443: 8437: 8432: 8426:, p. 183 8425: 8424:Mortimer 2008 8420: 8413: 8408: 8402:, p. 203 8401: 8396: 8389: 8384: 8378:, p. 172 8377: 8372: 8366: 8361: 8355: 8350: 8343: 8338: 8332: 8327: 8321: 8320:Abulafia 2004 8316: 8310: 8309:Stringer 2004 8305: 8299: 8294: 8287: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8217: 8211:, p. 103 8210: 8205: 8198: 8193: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8174:Ridgeway 2010 8170: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8154: 8149: 8143: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8123: 8118: 8111: 8106: 8100:, p. 113 8099: 8094: 8087: 8086:Runciman 1987 8082: 8075: 8074:Runciman 1987 8070: 8064: 8059: 8052: 8047: 8040: 8035: 8028: 8023: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7991:, p. 142 7990: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7973: 7968: 7962: 7957: 7955: 7947: 7942: 7940: 7932: 7927: 7920: 7915: 7908: 7903: 7897: 7896:Norgate 2004b 7892: 7885: 7880: 7873: 7868: 7861: 7856: 7849: 7844: 7837: 7832: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7808: 7801: 7796: 7790:, p. 117 7789: 7784: 7777: 7772: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7748: 7742:, p. 190 7741: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7709:Crouch, David 7703: 7696: 7691: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7667: 7659: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7640: 7633: 7627: 7622: 7616:, p. 206 7615: 7610: 7604: 7599: 7595: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7572:Plantagenette 7569: 7565: 7559: 7555: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7513: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7480: 7477: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7446: 7443: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7280: 7277: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7137: 7136: 7135:House of Pole 7090: 7088: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7006: 6992: 6983: 6976: 6965: 6956: 6955: 6945: 6936: 6935: 6925: 6919: 6916: 6908: 6906: 6898: 6896: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6858: 6850: 6838: 6830: 6828: 6820: 6818: 6812: 6810: 6794: 6792: 6708: 6706: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6673: 6664: 6655: 6654: 6636: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6618: 6610: 6608: 6592: 6590: 6582: 6580: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6550: 6526: 6524: 6508: 6506: 6496: 6488: 6486: 6473: 6471: 6442: 6433: 6424: 6415: 6406: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6372: 6370: 6362: 6360: 6352: 6350: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6312: 6308: 6306: 6296: 6288: 6286: 6278: 6276: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6236: 6227: 6226:Anne Mortimer 6218: 6209: 6200: 6199: 6191: 6190:(legitimated) 6187: 6178: 6177: 6164: 6161: 6153: 6152: 6130: 6116: 6108: 6090: 6088: 6062: 6059: 6051: 6049: 6048: 5995: 5987: 5985: 5964: 5962: 5949: 5940: 5923: 5914: 5897: 5883: 5880: 5872: 5870: 5854: 5852: 5844: 5842: 5826: 5825: 5810: 5762: 5749: 5747: 5718: 5709: 5700: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5668: 5665: 5657: 5655: 5647: 5646: 5605: 5597: 5585: 5577: 5564: 5562: 5533: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5497: 5496: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5471: 5469: 5461: 5459: 5451: 5449: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5407: 5399: 5387: 5379: 5377: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5333: 5324: 5315: 5298: 5297: 5276: 5273: 5265: 5263: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5221: 5213: 5201: 5193: 5191: 5183: 5181: 5162: 5160: 5131: 5114: 5113: 5103: 5083: 5080: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5030: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5010: 4981: 4979: 4942: 4941: 4923: 4914: 4913: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4880: 4878: 4870: 4868: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4818: 4802: 4800: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4740: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4700: 4697: 4689: 4687: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4637: 4629: 4627: 4619: 4617: 4598: 4596: 4551: 4523: 4519: 4518:House of York 4510: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4449: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4409:Ranulph Crewe 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4349:Thomas Wilson 4344: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4323:Thomas Wolsey 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4263:Reginald Pole 4260: 4256: 4255:Princess Mary 4252: 4248: 4244: 4241:Her daughter 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4213:Reginald Pole 4209: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4035:Thomas Howard 4032: 4029: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3974:queen consort 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3907:Act of Accord 3903: 3901: 3897: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3794:(1439–1476)—( 3793: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3725:. Her sister 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3675: 3669: 3668:House of York 3662:House of York 3659: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3598:, aware that 3597: 3587: 3585: 3584:Owain Glyndŵr 3581: 3577: 3576:House of York 3573: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3411:Mary de Bohun 3401: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3360: 3359:Radcot Bridge 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3291: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3065:John of Gaunt 3063: 3062: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3043:Anne Mortimer 3040: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2650: 2646: 2645:Holkham Bible 2641: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2624:. Meanwhile, 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:Alexander III 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2571:British Isles 2552: 2537: 2527: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2327:Ninth Crusade 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2290:The death of 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2268:Matthew Paris 2265: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221:queen regnant 2218: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2140:Great Charter 2135: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2004: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939:Margam annals 1935: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1838:Third Crusade 1833: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:Thomas Becket 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1692: 1681: 1680:Thomas Becket 1677: 1672: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1652:and secondly 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1368: 1361:Angevin kings 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1347:William Clito 1344: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1136: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1117:Tudor dynasty 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:Plante Genest 1077: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030:Tudor dynasty 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 999: 994: 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944: 940: 936: 924: 919: 917: 912: 910: 905: 904: 902: 901: 898: 895: 894: 887: 884: 882: 879: 878: 876: 867: 865: 862: 861: 857: 855: 852: 851: 847: 845: 842: 841: 837: 835: 832: 831: 827: 825: 822: 821: 817: 815: 814:Edwardian era 812: 811: 807: 805: 804:Victorian era 802: 801: 798: 795: 793: 789: 785: 783: 780: 779: 776: 773: 771: 767: 764: 761: 758: 753: 750: 747: 745: 741: 738: 735: 733: 729: 725: 723: 720: 719: 716: 713: 711: 707: 703: 701: 698: 697: 693: 691: 688: 687: 683: 681: 678: 677: 670: 668: 665: 664: 656: 654: 651: 650: 643: 641: 640:Roman Britain 638: 637: 629: 627: 624: 623: 615: 614: 611: 607: 604: 603: 595:(legitimised) 593: 589: 588:House of York 585: 582: 578: 567: 563: 557:1541 (female) 556: 553: 552: 550: 546: 540: 536: 532: 530: 526: 522: 520: 516: 512: 510: 506: 502: 500: 495: 490: 488: 483: 478: 476: 471: 466: 464: 463:Earl of Essex 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 442: 437: 432: 430: 425: 420: 418: 413: 408: 406: 401: 396: 394: 389: 384: 382: 372: 370: 365: 360: 358: 354: 350: 348: 344: 340: 338: 333: 328: 326: 321: 316: 314: 309: 304: 302: 297: 292: 290: 285: 280: 278: 273: 268: 266: 256: 254: 249: 244: 242: 237: 232: 229: 224: 219: 216: 211: 206: 203: 199: 194: 189: 187: 182: 177: 176: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 135: 130: 125: 123: 113: 111: 106: 101: 99: 88: 86: 81: 76: 75: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 55: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 14089:Anne Neville 14057: 13975:Mary of York 13440:Maud FitzRoy 13425:John FitzRoy 13108: 13051: 13037:Royal houses 12897:Mac Carthaig 12871:Uí Dúnlainge 12826:Uí Fiachrach 12753:Mac Murchada 12713:Corcu Loígde 12516: 12367:Crown Jewels 12352:Royal badges 12340:Coat of arms 12269:Architecture 12254:Morris dance 12196:Demographics 12119:English Army 11916: 11540: 11505:Star Chamber 11354: 11327:Royal Houses 11310:Protectorate 11239:Jacobean era 11202:Tudor period 11076: 11051: 11021:(1399–1461) 11011: 11007: 10990:Deposition: 10985: 10976: 10953: 10925: 10922:Weir, Alison 10895: 10865: 10848:. Retrieved 10833: 10820:. Retrieved 10805: 10777: 10761:. ABC-CLIO. 10758: 10731: 10712: 10685: 10658: 10631: 10612: 10593: 10571: 10550: 10521: 10509:. Retrieved 10503: 10475: 10463:. Retrieved 10448: 10430: 10426: 10395: 10368: 10341: 10312: 10285: 10264: 10244: 10212: 10209:McKisack, M. 10182: 10155: 10128: 10101: 10074: 10045: 10018: 9991: 9972: 9953: 9926: 9899: 9872: 9845: 9818: 9791: 9764: 9735: 9708: 9696:. Retrieved 9681: 9661: 9652: 9648: 9627: 9608: 9579: 9560: 9531: 9504: 9477: 9452: 9448: 9421: 9394: 9375: 9366: 9347: 9320: 9293: 9266: 9243: 9231: 9219: 9207: 9195: 9184: 9173: 9162: 9151: 9126: 9115: 9104: 9096: 9091: 9080: 9069: 9062:Starkey 2009 9057: 9045: 9034: 9023: 9011: 9002: 8996: 8987: 8964: 8952: 8941: 8932: 8926: 8915: 8903:. Retrieved 8889: 8877: 8851:Harriss 2012 8846: 8834: 8829:, p. 68 8822: 8817:, p. 51 8810: 8803:Hatcher 2002 8798: 8793:, p. 50 8786: 8781:, p. 19 8774: 8768:Harriss 2011 8763: 8751: 8710: 8698: 8686: 8656: 8651:, p. 93 8644: 8638:Goodman 2004 8633: 8572:, p. 92 8561: 8550: 8502: 8490: 8478: 8442: 8431: 8419: 8414:, p. 75 8407: 8395: 8383: 8371: 8360: 8354:Norgate 2004 8349: 8344:, p. 73 8337: 8326: 8315: 8304: 8298:Vincent 2008 8293: 8281: 8269:. Retrieved 8265:The Angevins 8264: 8255: 8250:, p. 74 8243: 8226: 8222: 8216: 8204: 8199:, p. 48 8192: 8185:Barratt 2003 8180: 8155:, p. 91 8148: 8117: 8105: 8093: 8088:, p. 75 8081: 8076:, p. 53 8069: 8058: 8053:, p. 40 8046: 8034: 8022: 8010:. 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L. Warren 1425: 1412: 1404: 1396: 1336: 1322: 1310:King Henry I 1283: 1256: 1201:Kate Norgate 1194: 1142: 1127: 1110: 1099: 1096:common broom 1079: 1076:Plantegenest 1075: 1069: 1053: 1007: 995: 984: 942: 934: 932: 874: 796: 782:Georgian era 774: 762: 748: 736: 714: 499:Earl of Kent 147:12th century 61:Parent house 36: 13748:Joan Skerne 13052:Plantagenet 12977:Isle of Man 12924:Ó Domhnaill 12887:Dalcassians 12861:Glendamnach 12816:Dál nAraidi 12791:Síl Conairi 12587:Northumbria 12572:Strathclyde 12517:Plantagenet 12482:Northumbria 12292:Elizabethan 12277:Anglo-Saxon 11498:Elizabethan 11488:Anglo-Saxon 11414:Curia regis 11355:Plantagenet 11305:Proprietary 11273:Popish Plot 11251:Interregnum 11175:The Anarchy 11082:until 1203 11026:(1461–1485) 10979:Royal house 10928:. Vintage. 10862:Watts, John 10850:20 February 10837:. Methuen. 10511:20 February 10465:20 February 9698:20 February 9611:. Pimlico. 9258:Works cited 9178:Kelsey 2008 9167:Davies 2008 9156:Cooper 2008 9145:Pierce 2015 9085:Horrox 2004 8969:Horrox 2013 8933:Royal Blood 8920:Horrox 2011 8827:Davies 1977 8779:Davies 1977 8756:Schama 2000 8715:Schama 2000 8627:Walker 2008 8613:Barber 2008 8597:Ormrod 2008 8566:Schama 2000 8447:Schama 2000 8376:Schama 2000 8331:Hallam 2004 8271:20 February 8063:Lovatt 2007 7989:Schama 2000 7836:Warren 1973 7788:Schama 2000 7764:Davies 1999 7754:, p. 7 7740:Davies 1997 7715:. Longman. 7683:Warren 1991 7614:Wagner 2001 7576:Plantaginet 7564:Plantaganet 7536:, 1249–1300 7530:, 1235–1271 7509:, 1310–1361 7497:, 1278–1322 7481:, 1330–1352 7475:, 1326-1331 7461:, 1313-1334 7447:, 1316–1336 7437:, 1381–1399 7419:, 1452–1485 7397:, 1443–1460 7355:, 1373–1415 7339:, 1390–1447 7333:, 1389–1435 7327:, 1387–1421 7317:, 1453–1471 7281:, 1338–1368 7273:, 1367–1400 7217:, 1187–1203 7205:, 1157–1199 7197:, 1155–1183 6703:1444–c.1503 4493:Family tree 4444:? Where is 4440:? Where is 4236:Anne Boleyn 4087:Henry Tudor 4042:(1477–1479) 4025: 1483 4006: 1483 3985:(1467–1482) 3866:(1452–1485) 3857:(1449–1478) 3821:(1443–1460) 3815:(1442–1483) 3648:Great Slump 3616:the Dauphin 3451:(1453–1471) 3306:(c. 1390). 3268:. No issue. 3258:. No issue. 3235:(1374–1416) 3187:(1377–1427) 3181:(1375–1447) 3148:of England. 3118:(1367–1413) 3014:(1335–1348) 2976:(1367–1400) 2835:chevauchées 2822:in France. 2797:Black Death 2761:matrilineal 2579:North Wales 2406:Northampton 2378:(1275–1333) 2372:(1273–1284) 2366:(1272–1307) 2152:(1239–1307) 2105: 1272 2090:tomb effigy 1974:Magna Carta 1897:Magna Carta 1687: 1250 1666:(1166–1216) 1506:(1155–1183) 1500:(1153–1156) 1378:The Anarchy 1054:Plantagenet 1048:Terminology 987:Magna Carta 980:Richard III 948:royal house 792:Regency era 770:Restoration 757:Interregnum 710:Elizabethan 690:Plantagenet 667:Anglo-Saxon 661:7th century 554:1499 (male) 548:Dissolution 162:Final ruler 18:Plantagenet 14144:Categories 12918:FitzGerald 12851:Eóganachta 12738:Ó Domhnail 12372:Tudor rose 12302:Queen Anne 12131:Royal Navy 11483:Governance 11473:Ministries 11424:Parliament 11055:1181–1203 11030:1154–1485 10916:required.) 10886:required.) 10822:20 October 10798:required.) 10752:required.) 10706:required.) 10679:required.) 10652:required.) 10542:required.) 10496:required.) 10416:required.) 10389:required.) 10362:required.) 10333:required.) 10306:required.) 10203:required.) 10176:required.) 10149:required.) 10122:required.) 10095:required.) 10066:required.) 10039:required.) 10012:required.) 9947:required.) 9920:required.) 9893:required.) 9866:required.) 9839:required.) 9812:required.) 9785:required.) 9756:required.) 9729:required.) 9664:. Arnold. 9600:required.) 9552:required.) 9525:required.) 9498:required.) 9442:required.) 9415:required.) 9341:required.) 9314:required.) 9287:required.) 9074:Jones 2008 8905:21 January 8871:Watts 2011 8815:Hicks 2012 8791:Hicks 2012 8555:Waugh 2006 8229:: 73–110. 8012:30 January 7679:Power 2007 7660:required.) 7626:Keefe 2008 7603:Plant 2007 7590:References 4486:See also: 4259:De unitate 4174:De La Pole 3640:necromancy 3547:circa 1495 3527:, in 1406. 3515:, king of 3505:, in 1402. 3382:usurpation 3320:poll taxes 3304:Richard II 3281:, married 3175:'s mother. 3146:Henry VIII 3045:, married 2937:Chronicles 2920:Richard II 2501:See also: 2081:of Wales. 2049:– wife of 1568:, married 1365:See also: 1338:White Ship 1257:The later 1195:The term " 1121:Henry VIII 786:1714–1837 726:1603–1714 704:1485–1603 565:Deposition 13951:Edward IV 12995:Somhairle 12866:Raithlind 12831:Uí Briúin 12821:Connachta 12723:Connachta 12703:Dál Riata 12675:Mathrafal 12655:Aberffraw 12637:Somhairle 12527:Lancaster 12497:Knýtlinga 12382:St George 12153:Geography 11918:1642–1660 11567:1422–1460 11562:1413–1421 11557:1399–1411 11552:1377–1397 11547:1327–1376 11535:1308–1325 11530:1275–1307 11525:1225–1267 11360:Lancaster 11340:Knýtlinga 11244:Civil War 11153:Heptarchy 10834:King John 10439:0141-6340 10433:: 57–84. 10235:183353136 9248:Weir 2008 9236:Weir 2008 9224:Weir 2008 9212:Weir 2008 9200:Bent 1887 9050:Weir 2008 9039:Anon 2004 9028:Gunn 2009 9016:Weir 2008 8957:Weir 2008 8882:Weir 2008 8839:Weir 2008 8703:Weir 2008 8691:Weir 2008 8680:Tuck 2009 8661:Weir 2008 8649:Weir 2008 8570:Weir 2008 8495:Weir 2008 8483:Weir 2008 8412:Weir 2008 8400:Weir 2008 8388:Weir 2008 8342:Weir 2008 8286:Weir 2008 8248:Weir 2008 7946:Weir 2008 7931:Weir 2008 7919:Weir 2008 7907:Weir 2008 7884:Weir 2008 7860:Weir 2008 7639:"Angevin" 7002:House of 6994:1473–1484 6985:1475–1499 6947:1466–1503 6938:1457–1509 6927:1453–1471 6694:1452–1485 6675:1449–1478 6666:1443–1460 6657:1442–1483 6638:1443–1509 6629:1421–1471 6444:1411–1460 6435:1390–1447 6426:1389–1435 6417:1404–1444 6408:1387–1421 6399:1386–1422 6238:1382–1399 6229:1388–1411 6220:1385–1415 6202:1367–1413 6180:1367–1400 5951:1355–1397 5942:1338–1368 5925:1341–1402 5916:1340–1399 5899:1330–1376 5711:1330–1352 5702:1326–1331 5693:1316–1336 5684:1312–1377 5517:1301–1330 5508:1300–1338 5499:1284–1327 5488:1273–1284 5335:1249–1300 5326:1235–1271 5317:1245–1296 5300:1239–1307 5133:1209–1272 5116:1207–1272 5105:1187–1203 4944:1167–1216 4925:1158–1186 4916:1157–1199 4905:1155–1183 4742:1136–1164 4733:1134–1158 4724:1133–1189 4553:1113–1151 4482:Genealogy 4311:attainder 4211:Cardinal 4170:in 1501. 3970:Elizabeth 3960:Edward IV 3825:Elizabeth 3773:attainted 3310:, London. 3233:Constance 3173:Henry VII 3092:Elizabeth 2932:Froissart 2894:Katherine 2886:Constance 2755:In 1328, 2746:Philip IV 2689:in 1322. 2670:Ordainers 2663:favourite 2658:aura eslu 2519:of 1267: 2420:Edward II 2322:in 1265. 2310:. At the 2248:Katherine 2237:Salisbury 2225:Philip IV 2196:Lancaster 2094:Henry III 2010:Henry III 1992:Main line 1903:, London. 1899:, in the 1854:Jerusalem 1825:dysentery 1805:Richard I 1787:rebellion 1695:Baltimore 1602:Constance 1532:, became 1190:Henry III 1178:Jerusalem 1158:Richard I 1022:Henry VII 960:Lancaster 868:1945–1979 858:1945–1979 848:1939–1945 838:1919–1939 828:1914–1918 818:1901–1914 808:1837–1901 797:1811–1820 775:1660–1714 763:1649–1660 749:1625–1649 737:1603–1625 715:1558–1603 694:1216–1485 684:1066–1216 217:(titular) 136:(titular) 14129:Category 14047:Edward V 13985:Edward V 13057:Lusignan 12985:Uí Ímair 12920:(Norman) 12914:(Norman) 12907:Ó Ruairc 12892:Ó Briain 12876:Uí Ímair 12836:Uí Néill 12758:Ó Briain 12728:Uí Néill 12602:Galloway 12597:Uí Ímair 12592:Bernicia 12554:Scotland 12507:Normandy 12487:Uí Ímair 12472:Bernicia 12377:Oak tree 12335:Heraldry 12307:Georgian 12297:Jacobean 12249:Folklore 12234:Religion 12161:Counties 12099:Military 11493:Medieval 11446:Monarchy 11393:Politics 11345:Normandy 11143:Timeline 11014:Angevins 10924:(2008). 10806:Henry II 10592:(2009). 10211:(1959). 8986:(2015). 7711:(1990). 7389:, 1473–? 7383:, 1470–? 6087:Beaufort 6085:House of 4446:Mortimer 4298:Stafford 4292:Holy See 4288:Leo XIII 4268:Geoffrey 4224:Clarence 4012:Margaret 3835:Margaret 3622:Henry VI 3509:Philippa 3493:Humphrey 3423:Monmouth 3405:Henry IV 3262:Margaret 3079:Philippa 3035:Philippa 3003:Philippa 2984:Isabella 2944:, Paris. 2926:, in an 2863:Flanders 2839:Poitiers 2805:Bordeaux 2793:David II 2742:Isabella 2651:in 1314. 2602:Margaret 2491:assembly 2445:Margaret 2398:Hereford 2186:and the 2166:in 1290. 2150:Edward I 2123:Sandwich 2038:Isabella 2003:Isabella 1821:Geoffrey 1779:Mirebeau 1737:coregent 1726:Theobald 1702:Geoffrey 1400:Geoffrey 1387:Henry II 1318:Henry II 1290:Brittany 1286:Normandy 1279:Ingelger 1240:Geoffrey 1184:and the 1154:Henry II 1128:Angevins 1084:Geoffrey 1064:Henry II 1003:Henry VI 976:Henry II 956:Angevins 946:) was a 897:Timeline 875:See also 744:Caroline 732:Jacobean 674:449–1066 13812:Wives: 13776:Wives: 13535:Wives: 13062:Ottoman 12967:Windsor 12957:Hanover 12929:Ó Néill 12878:(Norse) 12856:Chaisil 12811:Cruthin 12806:Osraige 12801:Dáirine 12743:Ó Néill 12690:Ireland 12670:Gwynedd 12665:Dinefwr 12660:Cunedda 12632:Stewart 12622:Balliol 12607:Dunkeld 12522:Angevin 12452:Wuffing 12439:England 12317:Symbols 12244:Cuisine 12226:Culture 12186:Palaces 12181:Castles 12166:Islands 12141:History 12112:Warfare 11463:Peerage 11350:Angevin 11135:History 10615:. BBC. 9469:4493985 6922:Edward, 6129:skipped 5894:Edward, 4442:Mowbray 4434:de Vere 4423:to the 4195:during 4018:Richard 3864:Richard 3701:Richard 3590:Henry V 3517:Denmark 3499:Blanche 3239:Richard 2974:Richard 2898:Enrique 2870:Castile 2526:Gwynedd 2487:Gascony 2467:Richard 2298:in 1265 2294:at the 2256:Richard 2233:Lincoln 2209:Blanche 2200:Ferrers 2119:Lincoln 2067:Richard 2055:William 2047:Eleanor 2022:in the 2016:Richard 1986:Blanche 1959:Otto IV 1813:Le Mans 1739:by the 1706:William 1676:psalter 1550:emperor 1483:William 1470:William 1462:Eustace 1408:Stephen 1343:Sibylla 1329:Matilda 1244:Eleanor 1236:Matilda 1232:Richard 1224:William 1145:Angevin 1101:genista 606:Periods 570: ( 230:(claim) 152:Founder 144:Founded 71:Country 14087:Wife: 13961:Wife: 13923:Wife: 13885:Wife: 13684:Wife: 13623:Wife: 13477:Wife: 13373:Wife: 13334:Wife: 13295:Wife: 13209:Wife: 13132:Wife: 13041:Cyprus 12990:Crovan 12947:Stuart 12786:Laigin 12718:Laigin 12708:Érainn 12617:Sverre 12567:Óengus 12562:Fergus 12544:Stuart 12502:Godwin 12492:Wessex 12462:Sussex 12447:Mercia 12171:Places 11515:Tories 11375:Stuart 11335:Wessex 10961: 10932: 10910: 10880: 10841: 10813: 10792: 10765: 10746: 10719: 10700: 10673: 10646: 10619: 10600: 10578: 10559: 10536: 10490: 10456: 10437: 10427:Nomina 10410: 10383: 10356: 10327: 10300: 10271: 10252: 10233: 10223: 10197: 10170: 10143: 10116: 10089: 10060: 10033: 10006: 9979: 9960: 9941: 9914: 9887: 9860: 9833: 9806: 9779: 9750: 9723: 9689: 9668: 9634: 9615: 9594: 9567: 9546: 9519: 9492: 9467: 9436: 9409: 9382: 9354: 9335: 9308: 9281: 8901:. 2012 7719: 7582:, etc. 6967:1473–? 6958:1470–? 4516: 4514: 4507: 4505: 4243:Ursula 4040:George 4020:(1473– 4001:(1470– 3999:Edward 3989:Cecily 3855:George 3819:Edmund 3813:Edward 3766:Isabel 3709:Edward 3634:, and 3525:Sweden 3521:Norway 3485:, and 3461:Thomas 3449:Edward 3337:; 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