1068:
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893:
307:
318:
195:
209:
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773:
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46:
1108:, crossed the great frozen rivers that traditionally protected the Netherlands from invasion. Aided by the fact that a substantial proportion of the Dutch population looked favourably upon the French incursion, and often considered it a liberation, the French were quickly able to break the resistance of the forces of the Stadtholder, and his Austrian and British allies. However, in many cities revolution broke out even before the French arrived and
296:
285:
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179:
249:
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71:
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proclaiming that all Dutch colonies were to fall under
British rule, as they had declared war on the Batavian Republic. Several coups followed in 1798, 1801 and 1805 which brought different groups of Patriots to power. Though the French presented themselves as liberators, many disagreed. The Batavian
1087:
began, which embraced many of the political ideas that the
Patriots had espoused in their own revolt. The Patriots enthusiastically supported the Revolution, and when the French revolutionary armies started spreading it, the Patriots joined in, hoping to liberate their own country from its
1067:
873:
in 1795. The period of Dutch history that followed the revolution is also referred to as the "Batavian-French era" (1795–1813) even though the time spanned was only 20 years, of which three were under French occupation under
868:
began in 1789, "Patriot" dissent grew, and in the severe winter of 1794/95 a French army with some "Patriot" Dutch units invaded over the frozen frontier rivers, leading to the
Batavian Revolution and the proclamation of the
957:) of armed civilians which between 1783 and 1787 managed to take over several cities and regions in an effort to force new elections which would oust the old government officials. The Patriots held
1277:
De Vries, Jan and Ad van der Woude, The First Modern
Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500-1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997
1005:
1054:
1117:
801:
657:
1542:
1109:
610:
1696:
951:, desired a more democratic government and a more equal society. The Patriots built support from most of the middle-class, and founded militias (
1671:
988:
were not willing to send their troops to fight the
Patriots. In May 1787, the stadholder's troops were defeated by the militia of Utrecht near
1626:
1430:
620:
1851:
1340:
1034:. The government responded by pillaging the towns where the opposition was concentrated. Most Patriots went into exile in France, while
1574:
1030:
The
Patriots continued urging citizens to resist the government by distributing pamphlets, creating "Patriot Clubs" and holding public
2033:
2023:
1641:
993:
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also proceeded disastrously for the
Stadtholder's forces, and in the severe winter of 1794/95 a French army under general
1955:
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707:
648:
338:
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908:
By the end of the 18th century, the
Netherlands found themselves in a deep economic crisis, caused by the devastating
2184:
1965:
1960:
1856:
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1831:
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2108:
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1991:
1932:
1861:
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1782:
1752:
1742:
1001:
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826:) was a time of political, social and cultural turmoil at the end of the 18th century that marked the end of the
729:
311:
1206:
From mid
January 1795 the weather was extremely cold with a lot of snow according to J. Buisman, deel, 6, p. 844
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preparations for defense were made, but there was no actual resistance when the
Prussians arrived. In
2006:
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842:
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183:
2199:
2093:
2058:
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920:. The people of the Netherlands grew increasingly discontent with the authoritarian regime of the
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Klein, S. R. E. (1995) Patriots Republikanisme. Politieke cultuur in Nederland (1766–1787).
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37:
20:
8:
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200:
1112:
took over the city governments, and (provisionally) the national government also. The
1527:
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1459:
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several houses of patriot regents were plundered by mobs. The stadholder returned to
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1701:
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433:
1315:
Verweij, G. (1996) Geschiedenis van Nederland. Levensverhaal van zijn bevolking.
1512:
1450:
1445:
1288:
Danielle Aucoin. The Dutch Patriot Revolution 1780 – 1787:Continuity or Change?
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2011:
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for help. On September 13 a Prussian army of 20,000 men under the command of
917:
912:. During this time, the banks of the Dutch Republic held much of the world's
677:
662:
568:
45:
2068:
1912:
1267:
1157:. In 1813, the Netherlands regained their independence, with William's son
1015:
was deserted, and the city of Utrecht opened its gates. At the fortress of
687:
548:
936:, who were seeking to reduce the amount of power held by the stadtholder.
1631:
1398:
1349:
1137:
921:
846:
672:
630:
448:
388:
105:
2016:
1318:
1072:
1027:, and Amsterdam, the last city to hold out, surrendered on October 10.
1312:
Leeb, I. L. (1973) The Ideological Origins of the Batavian Revolution.
2103:
1996:
1892:
1076:
1024:
1020:
989:
853:
felt he had to flee the country in 1785. He asked his brother-in-law
916:. The government-sponsored banks owned up to 40% of Great Britain's
857:
for help, and in 1787 a relatively small Prussian army restored the
1907:
1472:
1421:
1412:
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of countries in their attempt to subdue the suddenly anti-Austrian
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The restoration was temporary, however. Only two years later, the
1440:
1390:
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Patriots and Liberators: Revolution in the Netherlands 1780–1813
1038:
strengthened their grip on Dutch government chiefly through the
1408:
1386:
1012:
411:
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901:
837:
The initial period, from about 1780 to 1787, is known as the
1153:
as King of Holland. In 1810, the area was annexed into the
1128:
The Batavian Revolution ended with the proclamation of the
928:. This concentration of wealth led to the formation of the
1088:
authoritarian yoke. The Stadtholder joined the ill-fated
1063:
Beginning of the revolution in Amsterdam, 19 January 1795
1116:, for instance, were abolished and replaced with the
1118:
Provisional Representatives of the People of Holland
2171:
1298:The Prussian Invasion of the Netherlands in 1787
1048:
980:fled his palace in the west of the country for
658:Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)
205:
1334:
1000:on June 28, 1787, she applied to her brother
841:or "Time of the Patriots". The power of the
795:
1575:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
1341:
1327:
802:
788:
44:
1071:Solumn inauguration of a liberty tree on
965:, while the Orangists held the states of
943:, who supported the stadtholder, and the
191:
1348:
1104:, with a Dutch contingent under general
1066:
1058:
891:
158:
1570:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
1141:Republic saw its end in 1806, when the
1132:in 1795. William was forced to flee to
2172:
636:constituent country within the kingdom
1322:
939:Thus, a division emerged between the
1114:States of Holland and West Friesland
996:was stopped by patriot militia near
947:who, inspired by the ideals of the
13:
1303:
1188:De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 126
14:
2211:
1281:
934:Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol
16:1781–1795 period in Dutch history
1171:Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam
830:and saw the proclamation of the
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258:
247:
236:
207:
193:
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50:Patriot troops, 18 January 1795.
1002:Frederick William II of Prussia
973:(outside of its capital city).
861:to power with little fighting.
855:Frederick William II of Prussia
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
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1:
1595:Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
1176:
1043:Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel
932:by a minor Dutch noble named
881:
371:Prehistory of the Netherlands
103:Abolition of the position of
1123:
1049:Proclamation of the Republic
7:
1164:
243:Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck
10:
2216:
1361:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1098:War of the First Coalition
1052:
885:
740:Inventions and discoveries
683:Whaling in the Netherlands
348:History of the Netherlands
18:
2138:
1987:
1978:
1941:
1888:
1879:
1723:
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1687:Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta
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120:
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1110:Revolutionary Committees
19:Not to be confused with
954:Exercitiegenootschappen
2034:Decorations and medals
1483:Burgundian Netherlands
1136:, where he issued the
1106:Herman Willem Daendels
1080:
1064:
910:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
905:
823:
778:Netherlands portal
611:Sovereign Principality
464:Burgundian Netherlands
254:Herman Willem Daendels
2029:Customs and etiquette
1161:as sovereign prince.
1094:French First Republic
1070:
1062:
976:In 1785, stadtholder
895:
824:De Bataafse Revolutie
514:Dutch colonial empire
265:Jean-Charles Pichegru
2195:Atlantic Revolutions
2064:Orders of knighthood
1697:World Heritage Sites
1600:Coronavirus pandemic
1590:European debt crisis
1563:Dutch Liberation Day
1488:Habsburg Netherlands
984:in the east, as the
898:exercitiegenootschap
469:Habsburg Netherlands
312:Frederick William II
38:Atlantic Revolutions
21:Revolt of the Batavi
1672:Mountains and hills
1523:Batavian Revolution
1503:Spanish Netherlands
1498:Seventeen Provinces
1215:Schama, ch. 3 and 4
1197:Schama, pp. 77, 131
1155:First French Empire
998:Goejanverwellesluis
994:Princess Wilhelmina
816:Batavian Revolution
591:First French Empire
576:Batavian Revolution
479:Spanish Netherlands
474:Seventeen Provinces
113:democratic republic
111:Establishment of a
31:Batavian Revolution
1923:Telecommunications
1533:Kingdom of Holland
1293:The Patriots, 1787
1242:Schama, pp.188–190
1145:was founded, with
1143:Kingdom of Holland
1081:
1065:
1011:. The fortress of
1009:crossed the border
906:
876:Napoleon Bonaparte
668:Amsterdam EntrepĂ´t
586:Kingdom of Holland
2190:Batavian Republic
2167:
2166:
2134:
2133:
1974:
1973:
1875:
1874:
1852:Political parties
1788:Foreign relations
1710:
1709:
1580:Same-sex marriage
1528:Batavian Republic
1508:Eighty Years' War
1478:Holy Roman Empire
1159:William Frederick
1130:Batavian Republic
1085:French Revolution
1055:Flanders Campaign
1006:Duke of Brunswick
986:States of Holland
871:Batavian Republic
866:French Revolution
832:Batavian Republic
812:
811:
581:Batavian Republic
499:Eighty Years' War
459:Holy Roman Empire
454:Lower Lotharingia
331:
330:
222:
221:
125:Batavian Republic
2207:
2147:
1985:
1984:
1956:Public transport
1886:
1885:
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1441:Frankish Kingdom
1404:Migration Period
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1102:Charles Pichegru
1079:on 4 March 1795.
1040:Grand Pensionary
961:and the city of
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797:
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774:
718:Colonial history
708:Military history
649:Economic history
504:Dutch Golden Age
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403:Migration Period
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88:Authoritarianism
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2084:Public holidays
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1937:
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1702:Zuiderzee Works
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1585:Great Recession
1464:Frisian Freedom
1436:Frisian Kingdom
1377:Germanic tribes
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1353:
1347:
1306:
1304:Further reading
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1233:Israel, p. 1120
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1090:First Coalition
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845:grew until the
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1282:External links
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1260:Schama, p. 195
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1251:Schama, p. 191
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1151:Louis Napoleon
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1032:demonstrations
930:Dutch Patriots
888:Patriottentijd
886:Main article:
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839:Patriottentijd
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2018:
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569:French period
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255:
244:
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215:Great Britain
202:
189:
188:Supported by:
186:
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173:
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156:
155:Supported by:
153:
152:
140:
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82:
78:
66:
62:
58:
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42:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2109:Coat of arms
2079:Prostitution
1992:Architecture
1933:Trade unions
1913:Polder model
1898:Central bank
1867:Water boards
1793:Human rights
1783:Homelessness
1753:Demographics
1743:Constitution
1553:World War II
1543:Principality
1522:
1359:Part of the
1271:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1149:'s brother,
1127:
1082:
1029:
975:
952:
938:
907:
863:
836:
815:
813:
712:List of wars
688:Polder model
626:World War II
575:
556:List of wars
323:James Harris
270:
234:
227:Lead figures
187:
175:
154:
142:
104:
36:Part of the
25:
2126:Terminology
2074:Pornography
1815:Enforcement
1805:Immigration
1778:Health care
1758:Drug policy
1637:Earthquakes
1632:Delta Works
1493:Renaissance
1399:Cananefates
1350:Netherlands
1138:Kew Letters
922:stadtholder
847:stadtholder
673:Tulip mania
631:Netherlands
532:Cape Colony
528:East Indies
449:Lotharingia
389:Cananefates
127:established
121:Resulted in
106:Stadtholder
2174:Categories
2049:Literature
2039:Irreligion
1847:Parliament
1773:Euthanasia
1748:Corruption
1518:Golden Age
1177:References
1073:Dam Square
1053:See also:
882:Background
864:After the
843:"Patriots"
750:Healthcare
735:Literature
290:Wilhelmina
2044:Languages
1943:Transport
1893:AEX index
1837:Provinces
1820:Law Firms
1768:Elections
1763:Education
1692:Volcanoes
1652:Gas field
1610:Geography
1382:Roman Era
1124:Aftermath
1077:Amsterdam
1036:Orangists
1025:The Hague
1021:Amsterdam
990:Vreeswijk
978:William V
941:Orangists
926:William V
859:Orangists
851:William V
518:evolution
398:Roman era
279:William V
184:Orangists
92:William V
84:Caused by
59:1781–1795
2154:Category
2089:Religion
2002:Cannabis
1918:Taxation
1908:Euronext
1862:Military
1728:Abortion
1716:Politics
1473:Guelders
1456:Flanders
1422:Dorestad
1413:Frisians
1165:See also
1147:Napoleon
982:Nijmegen
967:Guelders
945:Patriots
760:Religion
755:Heraldry
724:Language
604:Monarchy
541:Americas
508:painting
492:Republic
428:Medieval
408:Frisians
339:a series
337:Part of
151:Patriots
64:Location
2145:Outline
2099:Symbols
2012:Cuisine
1980:Culture
1951:Cycling
1928:Tourism
1881:Economy
1827:Monarch
1733:Cabinet
1677:Regions
1667:Mammals
1657:Islands
1469:Brabant
1460:Holland
1426:Utrecht
1391:Chamavi
1369:History
1134:England
1096:. This
1017:Woerden
992:. When
971:Utrecht
963:Utrecht
959:Holland
914:capital
545:Guianas
393:Chamavi
201:Prussia
132:Parties
2159:Portal
2104:Anthem
2069:People
2007:Cinema
1903:Energy
1682:Rivers
1627:Cities
1417:Franks
1409:Saxons
1395:Batavi
1387:Frisii
1274:, 1977
1013:Vianen
702:Topics
549:Brazil
416:Saxons
412:Franks
385:Batavi
381:Frisii
341:on the
212:
198:
168:France
165:
74:
2094:Sport
2059:Music
2054:Media
1662:Lakes
1622:Birds
902:Sneek
820:Dutch
365:Early
98:Goals
2119:Lion
2114:Flag
2017:Wine
1798:LGBT
969:and
896:The
814:The
730:LGBT
56:Date
1997:Art
1810:Law
1075:in
900:of
537:WIC
524:VOC
90:of
2176::
1471:,
1462:,
1458:,
1424:,
1415:,
1411:,
1397:,
1393:,
1389:,
1270:,
1120:.
1045:.
924:,
878:.
849:,
834:.
822::
547:,
543:,
539::
530:,
526::
520:)
414:,
410:,
391:,
387:,
383:,
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506:(
23:.
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