1198:), there is no evidence to support the contention he was a religious leader to the Muslim community at Broken Hill. The mosque at the North Camel Camp already had a mullah in place (unnamed in press reports, but referred to as "the chief priest"). On the night of 1 January 1915, after the shootings, soldiers and police had entered the mosque without removing their boots (considered to have been a desecration of the building). On January 5 Captain Hardie and Inspector Miller, in a conciliatory gesture regarding the incident, met with "the chief priest" at the mosque. In a 1922 report the mullah of the North Camp mosque was named as Mullah Sher Ali, who had been in charge of the mosque "at North Broken Hill for several years". In 1927 Mullah Sher Ali was one of only two mullahs in Australia (the other being in Perth). Christine Stevens concludes that, by 1915, Abdullah "was a grey-bearded zealot, fiery when insulted". This statement is also unsupported by the evidence. Of the two men, the younger man Gool Badsha Mahomed could more accurately be described as a zealot. It was he who had fought in four campaigns under the Turkish Sultan and, at the outbreak of hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire, he wrote to the Turkish Minister of War to apply to enlist in the Turkish army. Gool Mahomed, described as a "warlike and very religious man", carried "the Sultan's order" in his waistbelt as he shot at the civilians in the picnic train and fought against the police and military, having left a message explaining his actions that read, "I must kill your men and give my life for my faith by order of the Sultan". In contrast to Gool Mahomed, Abdullah was described as having "a very reserved disposition, rarely speaking to anyone". He was considered to be "always childish and simple in his ways". Local children were in the habit of throwing stones at Abdullah, "but beyond occasionally complaining to the police he was never known to retaliate". It was reported that Abdullah had ceased wearing his
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carrying guns. Campbell called out to them: "What! Are you out rabbiting?" Without a word they raised their rifles and one of them fired, hitting the tinsmith in the stomach. As
Campbell stepped back inside and closed the door, he heard one of the assailants say, "Send a bullet through the door" and a second shot was fired. The two men then walked on. After they had left, Campbell made his way to the nearby Allendale Hotel and was taken to hospital. Campbell's house was on a rise called Rocky Hill. A resident of nearby Wyman-street, whose house Mahomed and Abdullah walked past by after shooting Tom Campbell, theorised that "the Turks went to Campbell's little two-roomed house with the object of entrenching themselves there, and finding it occupied, simply shot Campbell out of blood lust". After shooting Campbell the two assailants continued in a north-easterly direction, skirting the township.
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Cobalt-street, Railway Town. Millard had left his residence at 10.20 a.m. to repair a leak in the pipe-line, carrying photographic equipment in a case, when he was fired upon by
Mahomed and Abdullah during their assault on the train passengers. A witness reported seeing four shots fired at Millard, one of which struck his back, causing him to fall from his bicycle "in a crouching position". By the time medical attention arrived at the scene, he had died. Millard had taken his camera that day with the expressed purpose of taking a photograph of the picnic train "as the people in Sydney had no idea what a Broken Hill picnic train was like and would be greatly interested in a picture of one".
800:"priests of Islam" dressed in turbans and robes. The policemen briefly entered the mosque and then explained to the two men that they were there to "preserve order", as they "feared a repetition of the proceedings that had taken place a little earlier in the evening at the German Club". Soon afterwards, "a crowd apparently numbering some hundreds was seen surging down the road". A detachment of military arrived at about the same time and managed to hold the agitated crowd at bay. After about half an hour, "the inaction of waiting in idleness had its effect", and the crowd began to drift away until "the military and police were left in sole possession of the ground".
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surrounding country and nearby residences. The hill afforded good cover, but the two men were soon faced with overwhelming armed opposition. Police and soldiers numbering about thirty men, under the direction of
Inspector Miller and Lieutenant Resch, caught up with Abdullah and Mahomed in their defensive position behind the rocks on Cable Hill and used what cover they could find to fire at them. A number of armed civilians, members of rifle clubs and citizen militia, also rushed to the location and joined the fight. Some of those who joined the fight "exposed themselves rather rashly in their efforts to get a shot".
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771:", numbering several hundred, assembled in Argent Street. At about eight o'clock, the crowd, "mostly of young men and youths", were in the vicinity of the Police Station. Many in the crowd were of the opinion that "the Germans were the authors of the outrage", which led to the cry of "To the German Club, lads". The crowd then moved to the German Club premises in Delamore Street, where "the scene became riotous in the extreme". Stones were thrown against the walls and through the windows, while the crowd cheered and "sang snatches of patriotic songs", interspersed with "terrible
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were returning from the
Sulphide-street station, after having driven "some lady passengers to join the picnic train". At about 9.30 a.m., they encountered the ice-cream cart, carrying two men wearing turbans, near the Pell-street railway crossing. The driver, Mulla Abdullah, signalled for the boys to stop and asked if the picnic train to Silverton had gone, to which the lads replied "No". He then asked, "What time does it start?" He was told 10 a.m., to which Abdullah then asked, "What is the time now?" After the encounter, the driver said "Good-day" and drove on.
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722:, whose brother was serving in the British army in India. Asson's house was near the scene of the fight; when a police officer was shot, Asson carried water to the wounded constable while he himself was under fire from Abdullah and Gool. When late-comers arrived on the scene to assist the police, "seeing a man of his color so near the vicinity of the firing line", they assumed he was "one of the enemy". It was reported that Asson "would certainly have been slain... had not the police given him their protection and explained the situation".
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cartridges, but when he saw the 'kick' of the rifles, he realised they were firing ball cartridges. The passengers were also initially unconcerned, thinking that the shots were being discharged in honour of the train's passing or "perhaps a sham fight or some target practice". A witness to the events from nearby
Railway Town heard the people in the ore trucks shout "hooray" as the firing began, and then soon afterwards screams were heard.
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2, a gravedigger was discovered at work in the corner of the cemetery, digging two graves without regard to the alignment according to
Islamic custom. The work was stopped and local Muslims "raised their voice in protest at their burial place being utilised for the interment of cowardly slaughterers of defenceless women and children". The cemetery caretaker was directed to allow no burials in the Muslim section "without special order".
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Cable Hotel. Craig had been cutting wood when the gunfire began, and bullets were "falling around the house". His stepdaughter told him, "He had better come in, as he might be shot". But soon afterwards, Craig was wounded in the lower back, the bullet going through his hip bone and entered the abdominal cavity. He was brought to the
District Hospital early in the afternoon and died after several hours "from shock due to the injury".
878:, during a period when the extent of the Ottoman Empire was considerably reduced when territories were lost in Europe and North Africa. Mahomed returned to Australia in about 1912, but by then the camel carrying-business was in decline. Mahomed worked in the British Mine, but was retrenched after late July 1914, when the war commenced, after which he rented a room in Argent-lane. He went on a trip with a camel-team trading from
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of only two dead. The parody was, for some reason, taken seriously by other newspapers, which published it almost verbatim as a genuine example of German propaganda. The story was picked up by international papers in the United States, the United
Kingdom and New Zealand. When clippings from the foreign papers filtered back to Australia in the letters home of serving soldiers, it only reinforced the belief that the story in the
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462:, New South Wales, on 1 January 1915. Two men fired with rifles at a passing picnic train, killing four people and wounding seven more, before being killed by police and military officers. Though politically and religiously motivated, the men were not members of any sanctioned armed force and the attacks were criminal. The two men, Mulla Abdullah and Gool Badsha Mahomed, were later identified as
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stopped
Mahomed and Abdullah resumed firing. Some of the passengers had gotten off the train, but Coe ordered them back and the train went on a further three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) to the Silverton Tramway Company's reservoir. An assistant guard, William Elsegood, ran the half a mile to the pumping station and used the telephone there to "raise the alarm" in Broken Hill.
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khaki coats, heading off in a northerly direction. About 250 yards past the camp the two men were ascending a hill with a rocky outcrop; as the car drew closer the men turned, knelt down and fired shots at the approaching vehicle. The police then got out of the car and returned fire. Constable Mills was wounded twice during the exchange of fire.
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included the business depot for the camel-based transportation of merchandise to surrounding stations and settlements. The most substantial building at the camp was a mosque, a single room twenty by fifteen feet in dimensions with an alcove in the wall and heavily carpeted, but otherwise having no furniture.
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In the days following the murderous attack on the picnic train, the bodies of Mulla
Abdullah and Gool Badsha Mahomed were buried by the police at an undisclosed location. There may have been an earlier attempt to dig graves for the two murderers in the local Muslim cemetery. On the night of January
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With the German Club ablaze, the constable attempted to switch on the bell in the nearby street fire box, but "the crowd for a long time hampered his progress to the instrument, although they did not actually lay violent hands upon him to stop it". Eventually the constable was able to reach the bell
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About three-quarters of a mile from the West Camel Camp one of the motor cars carrying the pursuing policemen broke down. Gibson and Dimond and six other police then proceeded in the remaining car. As they approached the camp the policemen saw Gool Mahomed and Mulla Abdullah, dressed in turbans and
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Alma Cowie, aged 17 years, was seated in the picnic train beside her boyfriend, Clarence O'Brien, a mill-hand at the South mine. As soon as O'Brien realised "the two men with turbans" were firing their weapons at the train he turned to tell Alma "to crouch down", but as he did he saw her "falling as
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butcher at the North Camel Camp, and by 1912, he had been granted a license by the Broken Hill Municipal Council. Abdullah was described as having "a very reserved disposition, rarely speaking to anyone". He was considered to be "always childish and simple in his ways". Local children were in the
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published a burlesque of the incident in the style of German propaganda, suggesting the Germans lauded the attack as a victorious military battle between Turkish forces and recruits on a troop train. Supposedly the Turkish attackers killed 40 and wounded 70 (ten times the real figures) for the loss
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Hill). Millard married Mary Jane Hamilton in 1900 at Balmain North and the couple had a son, born in 1902 at Taree. Millard was employed by the Wood Pipe Company from about 1902. He was a resident of Reynolds-street, Balmain. He came to Broken Hill to supervise the laying of the wooden pipeline
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The men in the trench continued firing "until the train had passed a good distance from them". In order to assess the situation Coe, the railway guard, applied the brakes and the train stopped at the Picton siding, about 850 yards beyond the position of the two assailants. However, with the train
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The North Camel Camp was a settlement of local Muslims at the extreme northern end of Williams Street in North Broken Hill. It consisted of "a few galvanised-iron buildings straggling irregularly around an area of two or three acres", the homes of camel drivers and other camp residents. The area
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James Craig, a 69-year-old labourer, was in his yard during the exchange of gunfire in the vicinity of his house and was hit by a stray bullet and later died in hospital. Craig was living at West Broken Hill with his widowed stepdaughter, May Shirff Khan, in a house about a hundred yards from the
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After shooting Tom Campbell the two assailants continued in a north-easterly direction, skirting the township, and eventually took cover amongst rocks several hundred yards west of the Cable Hotel. The jagged white quartz outcrop, known locally as Cable Hill, was in an elevated position above the
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A 70-year-old tinsmith, Thomas Campbell, was expecting a visit from a friend and was standing in the doorway of his house at Allendale, on the western edge of the township (north-east of the scene of the picnic train attack). Suddenly, he saw Abdullah and Mahomed come around the side of his house
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When the alarm was raised from the pumping station, Inspector Miller mobilised a force of policemen. Miller then contacted Lieutenant Resch, who began to gather all available military personnel in the township. Miller then sent Sergeants Gibson and Dimond and a force of armed police in two motor
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Another fatality was William Shaw, riding in one of the ore trucks with his family members. Shaw was a municipal employee, a foreman in the Sanitary Department. Soon after the shooting began, Shaw, seated beside his wife Alice, fell forward with a wound in his back, calling out, "I'm shot". The
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The two men transported their rifles and ammunition to the location of the attack in Gool Mahomed's ice-cream cart, which was a familiar sight in Broken Hill. When they left in the cart on the morning of the attack, they said "they were going into the bush". Two boys named Rex Thorn and Reg Bray
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It was recorded that both men "wore the dress of their people, with turbans on their head". The attackers left notes connecting their actions to the hostilities between the Ottoman and British Empires, which had been officially declared in October 1914. Believing he would be killed, Gool Mahomed
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many wounds; the older man, Abdullah, was dead and Mahomed was severely wounded. Mahomed had been shot in the chest, the right forearm, the left thigh, his left-hand fingers were lacerated, and a bullet had grazed his neck. He was conveyed to the hospital but died shortly afterwards from shock.
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The battle lasted almost two hours. Towards the end very little shooting came from the rocky outcrop and most of it was off target. At about one o'clock in the early afternoon, "a rush took place to the Turk's stronghold", and they were both found lying on the ground behind the rocks. Both had
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Khan Bahadur, a camel-owner and driver, was at his residence near the Cable Hotel when Abdullah and Gool walked by his house. One of them fired at Bahadur and said, "Don't follow me or I will shoot you". When the police arrived the 'Turks' had taken shelter behind rocks about five hundred yards
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with 1,200 picnickers on board, seated in the open ore trucks. The train made a brief stop at the Railway Town station before resuming the journey. When the train had travelled for two miles (3 km) on its way to Silverton, on the outskirts of Broken Hill, near the cattle yards and opposite the
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and that, "I must kill you and give my life for my faith, Allāhu Akbar." Mulla Abdullah said in his last letter that he was dying for his faith and in obedience to the order of the Sultan, "but owing to my grudge against Chief Sanitary Inspector Brosnan, it was my intention to kill him first".
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After the angry crowd had attacked and set fire to the German Club, the authorities decided to send a contingent of police and military to protect the mosque at the North Camel Camp. An advance guard arrived in several cars at about nine-thirty that night and were greeted at the mosque by two
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When the soldiers and police entered the mosque on the night of January 1, they had done so without removing their boots. Though the circumstances were exceptional and "at the time none of those entering gave the matter a moment's thought", the desecration of the mosque in this manner caused
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When John Coe, the railway guard in the brake van at the rear of the train, heard the reports of firearms he looked along the train and saw "two dark men" in the Umberumberka pipeline trench with rifles in their hands, shooting at the passengers. At first, Coe thought they were firing blank
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As the train passed, the two men started firing their weapons at the passengers. The wagons' low sides left the picnickers' upper bodies and heads completely exposed. The two assailants fired at the passengers as the train passed their position, firing an estimated 20 to 30 shots in all.
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Mary Kavanagh, aged 23 years, tailoress, of Cummins-street; shot through the base of the skull, condition serious (daughter of Walter and Anastasia Kavanagh). Mary married Ted Kelly on 5 June 1916 at Broken Hill. The couple had seven children. Mary Kavanagh died in April 1946 at Broken
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Also killed during the attack was Alfred Millard, who had been riding along the pipe track on a bicycle. Millard was a resident of Balmain, but had come to Broken Hill to supervise the laying of the wooden pipe-line from the Umberumberka dam; he was boarding at Mrs. Beaumont's house in
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Several days before the attack on the picnic train, Mulla Adbullah was convicted in the Police Court for slaughtering sheep on unlicensed premises, a breach of municipal regulations. He had been reported by the sanitary inspector, Mr. Brosnan, and it was not Adbullah's first offence.
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habit of throwing stones at Abdullah, "but beyond occasionally complaining to the police he was never known to retaliate". It was generally agreed by local Muslims and the police that Gool Mahomed had influenced and persuaded Abdullah to join him in his attack on the picnic train.
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couple's 15-year-old daughter Lucy was struck in the elbow with a bullet and another young girl in the same truck was hit on the leg, the bullet only bruising the skin. The other passengers laid the severely wounded Shaw on one of the bench seats, but he died soon afterwards.
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On Monday, 4 January, the local military and several policemen arrested eleven "alien enemies resident in Broken Hill". The arrests were carried out without incident. The numbers and nationalities of those detained were six Austrians, four Germans and one Turk.
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though in a faint". O'Brien put his arm around her for support, "and as he did so the blood streamed down his arm from a wound in the top of her head". Fatally wounded, Alma Cowie died after 45 minutes. Mary Kavanagh, in the same truck, was also wounded.
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onto the front portion of the clubhouse. The fuel was lit, and flames quickly began to spread. Within a short time "the whole front of the building was one mass of fire, which was rapidly burning the contents and exterior woodwork, including the verandah".
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Turkish sources claim that the letter from the Ottoman Sultan was a forgery, and that the Turkish flag found with the perpetrators was planted. It is claimed that the incident was attributed to Turks in order to rally the Australian public for the war.
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community, living at the 'ghantown' encampment at North Broken Hill. As the picnic train began to pass their position, the intention of the men was to shoot as many of the passengers in the open ore trucks as they could. The two men were:
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At about 10.50 a.m. a relief train, with men with rifles, arrived at the reservoir. Soon afterwards, doctors and others arrived at the scene in motor cars. Doctors Archibald Nairn and Owen Moulden both attended to the wounded passengers.
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A coronial inquest was held on January 7 in the Broken Hill Courthouse on the bodies of the victims of "the New Year's Day tragedy". The next day the Coroner held an inquiry into the deaths of Gool Mahomed and Mulla Abdullah.
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The men who attacked the picnic train were misleadingly labelled "Turks" in newspaper reports, a categorisation bolstered by the Ottoman flag they attached to their cart and the letters they left explaining their actions.
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Mulla Abdullah and Gool Mahomed lived on the outskirts of the northern camel camp at Broken Hill. Gool Mahomed had purchased ammunition for his rifle in mid-December 1914, and the two men were known to have carried out
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considerable disquiet amongst the local Muslim community. Several days later, Captain Hardie and Police Inspector Miller "paid a conciliatory visit to the mosque" and met with the "chief priest" about the matter.
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on behalf of the pan-Islamic world. This "appeal to Moslem fanaticism" was viewed with immediate concern by Britain and her allies, particularly in regard to the large Muslim populations of Egypt and India.
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threw stones at me, and I did not like it". It was generally agreed by local Muslims and the police that Gool Mahomed had influenced and persuaded Abdullah to join him in his attack on the picnic train.
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Thomas Campbell, aged 70 years, tinsmith, of Rocky Hill, Allendale, West Broken Hill; shot in the abdomen at his home near the Allendale Hotel. Campbell was released from hospital in late February 1915.
515:, sixteen miles (26 km) north-west of Broken Hill. Each year a special train service was organised by the M.U.I.O.O.F. to convey their guests to the picnic ground. The line to Silverton was part of a
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After a few minutes, some of the men forced an entrance to the German Club and caused damage inside. Eventually, those inside were called out and others advanced and emptied two bottles of
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882:. In early December, he returned and was often seen in the company of Mulla Abdullah in the vicinity of the North camp. He became an ice-cream vendor, selling from his horse-drawn cart.
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in Broken Hill. For the previous twelve years, January 1 had become locally known as the day of the Manchester Unity Picnic, an annual public celebration held at Penrose Park at
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During the gun battle between the police and the assailants, the police "were rendered great assistance" by Walhanna Asson, a Punjabi-speaking camel-owner, originally from
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Lucy May Shaw, aged 15 years, of Wolfram-street (daughter of William and Alice Shaw); bullet in the elbow. The bullet was extracted, and she was allowed to return home.
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The battle is the subject of the song 'Battle of Broken Hill' by the Sydney-based Celtic-punk band Handsome Young Strangers, found on their 2016 EP of the same name.
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language. Gool Mahomed came to Australia as a young man and worked as a camel-driver. He left Australia to join the Turkish Army, fighting in four campaigns under
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In late October 1914, the Ottoman Empire had joined with Germany in the war against the Allied powers of Britain, France and Russia. In November 1914, the Ottoman
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1178:". She claims Abdullah served as a mullah to the Afghans living in the Broken Hill 'ghantown'; "he led the daily prayers, presided at burials and killed animals
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The events at Broken Hill on New Year's Day 1915 represent the only documented engagement with the enemy to take place on Australian soil during World War I.
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cars to follow the movements of Mahomed and Abdullah, from the site of the attack on the train, leading north-east along the western outskirts of the town.
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rifle with cartridges in a home-made bandolier. He also had a revolver and cartridges and a knife in a sheath. Gool Mahomed was armed with a more modern
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The White Rocks Reserve at Broken Hill, the location of Mahomed and Abdullah's last stand after their attack on the picnic train on New Year's Day 1915.
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The Australian government refused requests to fund a commemoration of the event for its 100th anniversary. A ceremony marking the centenary of the
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In 2014, the Greek Australian genocides scholar Panayiotis Diamadis noted that the attack occurred only a few weeks after the declaration of
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cart and horse on the northern side of the line, close to the railway fence. The cart was flying a flag with a white star and crescent, the
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Rose Crabb, aged 30 years, of Marks-street, Waterworks Hill; shot through the shoulder bone (or groin and side), condition not critical.
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George F. Stokes, aged about 15 years, of the corner of Cummins and Garnet-streets; shot in the shoulder and chest, condition serious.
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of the Umberumberka water service, and from August 1914 was boarding with the Beaumont family in Cobalt-street, Railway Town.
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Riflemen returning to town. Written on the photograph: "B. Hill riflemen returning to town after wiping the Turks out".
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rifle. The men had spread blankets on the ground within the trench, to lie on as they waited for the train to arrive.
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Henwood). The family lived at Railway Town (south-west of the township centre) and Alma's father was a dairyman.
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Visitors to the hill where the final battle against the picnic train attackers took place on New Year's Day 1915.
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New Year's Day in 1915 was to be the thirteenth annual picnic and sports gathering of the combined lodges of the
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On Sunday, January 3, thousands of people assembled in Broken Hill to witness the funerals of the four victims.
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New South Wales death registration (Reg. No. 3119/1915); Gool Badsha Mahommed's age was recorded as 40 years.
1407:(Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand), Vol. 13, No. 2, pages 19-41.
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Mary Lucille Jones (date), 'The Years of Decline: Australian Muslims 1900–1940', in Mary Lucille Jones (ed)
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New South Wales Death Registration: Gool Badsha Mahommed, aged "40 years", Broken Hill; Reg. No.: 3119/1915.
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Peter Scriver (2004), 'Mosques, Ghantowns and Cameleers in the Settlement History of Colonial Australia',
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was true. The 'fake news' was revived as an example of German mendacity by Australian papers during the
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refunded in full the fares for the picnic train, and the money was used to launch a public relief fund.
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New South Wales death registration (Reg. No. 3120/1915); Mulla Abdullah's age was recorded as 60 years.
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New South Wales Death Registration: Mulla Abdullah, aged "60 years", Broken Hill; Reg. No.: 3120/1915.
1147:(previously known as Cable Hill) is located near Schlapp Street on the north-western edge of the city.
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Rails to wealth: a history of the Silverton Tramway Company Limited, Broken Hill's railway service
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The two men hiding in the trench, fifty yards from the railway tracks, were members of the local
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for food consumption". While Abdullah was undoubtedly a butcher who slaughtered animals by the
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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Constable Robert Mills, wounded twice, shot in the groin and thigh; condition not critical.
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An Australian pilgrimage: Muslims in Australia from the Seventeenth Century to the Present
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connected to the 1915 New Year's Day picnic train attack at Broken Hill were added to the
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The rocky outcrop at the summit of White Rocks Reserve, where the final battle took place.
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The next day, the mines of Broken Hill fired all employees deemed enemy aliens under the
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Gool Badsha Mahomed, aged about 40 years, a former cameleer and local ice-cream vendor.
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The German Club at Broken Hill after damage by fire in January 1915 (published in the
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away. Some of the police took cover in Bahadur's house and fired from the windows.
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Passengers aboard the train for the Manchester Unity Picnic (photographed in 1907).
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2405:"Broken Hill remembers victims of 1915 attack by gunmen brandishing Turkish flag"
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2276:
1260:
1073:
1039:
634:
544:
470:
210:
141:
911:– born in about 1884 at Balmain, the eldest child of Alfred Millard and Mary (
694:
2882:
2864:
2484:
2361:
1532:
638:
220:
2565:
Treks, Camps & Camels: Afghan Cameleers, Their Contribution to Australia
2492:
1540:
2572:
Silver Lies, Golden Truths: Broken Hill, a Gentle German and Two World Wars
1096:
630:
540:
526:
At 10 o'clock on Friday morning, 1 January 1915, a train consisting of two
235:
2614:
Tin Mosques & Ghantowns: A History of Afghan Cameldrivers in Australia
775:" directed at "all foreigners, German, Turks, and Afghans in particular".
742:
left a letter in his waist-belt which stated that he was a subject of the
2335:"History repeating: from the Battle of Broken Hill to the sands of Syria"
459:
113:
70:
41:
2428:
2385:"Battle of Broken Hill an act of war or terrorism won't be commemorated"
1920:, Victoria Press (in association with the Museum of Victoria), page 64;
1856:
1831:
Tin Mosques and Ghantowns: A History of Afghan Cameldrivers in Australia
2698:
1595:
2553:(Volume 1), Greenslopes, Qld.: Atlas Productions, ISBN: 9780987160577.
729:
2789:
2754:
2581:, Broken Hill, NSW: Broken Hill Historical Society, ISBN: 0959949569.
536:
527:
2598:, North Sydney: Vintage/Random House Australia, ISBN: 9780857987181.
1034:
In the late 1970s, attempts were made to turn the story into a film
1203:
1185:
1080:
1065:
875:
768:
743:
719:
530:
and 40 ore trucks, modified with temporary bench seating, left the
478:
74:
2574:, Mile End, South Australia: Wakefield Press, ISBN: 9781743053508.
1118:) presents the "recruits on a troop train" version of the story.
587:
551:
928:
in South Australia, the eldest child of John Shaw and Mary Ann (
870:
tribe with a proud martial tradition, speaking a dialect of the
629:
The men waiting to attack the picnic train were both armed with
1199:
1189:
1175:
871:
867:
463:
2665:, no. 231, pp. 30–31, November/December 2005 (11 MB)
2544:', published by Islamic Human Rights Commission, Wembley, U.K.
2807:
Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915
1596:'Holy War Made in Germany'? Ottoman Origins of the 1914 Jihad
1255:
1194:
1180:
1060:
1052:(2015) based on the events at Broken Hill on 1 January 1915.
863:
859:
846:
601:
568:
474:
2549:
Helen Goltz and Chris Adams (2019); Joanne James (editor),
1170:
Christine Stevens, in her article on Mulla Abdullah in the
842:
1202:
years before the picnic train attack, "since the day some
959:
and staying with Mrs. Bray of Beryl-lane; shot in the jaw.
2616:, Alice Springs, N.T.: Paul Fitzsimons, ISBN: 0958176000.
1365:
New Year's Day Tragedy: Inquest Resumed at the Courthouse
1779:
New Year's Day Tragedy: The Story of Mr. Thomas Campbell
932:
Weatherall). Shaw married Alice Ide in January 1898 at
866:
on the modern Afghan-Pakistani border. He was from the
600:, spiritual advisor to the Turkish Sultan, proclaimed a
458:
was a fatal incident which took place in Australia near
1654:
Boy's Story: Questioned by Murderers at Goods Station
2584:
David Matheson (2015), 'The Battle of Broken Hill',
944:– born in about 1845 in England; aged 69. Labourer.
487:
2700:
Uprisings against Entente Powers during World War I
2352:
1991:
The New Year's Day Tragedy: Funerals of the Victims
955:Alma Crocker, aged 34 years, arrived recently from
1232:"1915 Picnic Train Attack and White Rocks Reserve"
2609:, Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, ISBN: 0868063339.
2551:Grave Tales: True Crime: Stories Not Laid to Rest
624:
2880:
1833:, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, page 163;
1151:The properties are owned by the New South Wales
1072:(primary religious leader) Essad Effendi of the
633:rifles. Abdullah was armed with an older-style
509:Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows
2627:Sharing the Lode: The Broken Hill Migrant Story
2016:
2014:
2012:
1276:M.U. Picnic: Under the Pepper Tree at Silverton
672:
2579:Broken Hill: Volume 3. 1915-1939: New Horizons
2450:
2448:
2281:The Last New Wave: The Australian Film Revival
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1020:and even as late as 1951 in Broken Hill's own
492:
2684:
2343:, 3 October 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
2105:The New Year's Day Tragedy: The "Confessions"
2056:
2054:
2052:
1954:
1952:
1877:
1875:
1602:, Vol. 18, No. 2 (April 2011), pages 184–199.
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1155:and the community group, Silverlea Services.
435:
2009:
1811:New Year's Day Tragedy: Inquest on the Turks
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1388:New Year's Day Tragedy: Inquest on the Turks
1330:War in Broken Hill: Attack on a Picnic Train
2588:, Vol. 66 Issue 927 (January 2015), page 4.
2445:
2305:
2241:A Fresh Development; Alien Enemies Arrested
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
1774:
1772:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1417:The New Year's Day Tragedy: The Battlefield
1374:
1291:
581:
2691:
2677:
2465:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
2438:
2049:
2021:The Turk Attackers: Who and What They Were
1949:
1872:
1804:
1513:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1410:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1217:
442:
428:
26:
2542:The Muslims in Australia: A Brief History
2035:
2033:
1788:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1624:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1064:(holy war) on 14 November 1914 by Sultan
591:Replica of Gool Mahomed's ice-cream cart.
535:cemetery, the passengers noticed a white
2267:, Vol. 57, No. 3, September 2016: 48–57.
2167:(Broken Hill), 20 November 1913, page 4.
2134:
1975:Assassins' Bodies: Grave-digging Stopped
1785:(Broken Hill), 24 February 1915, page 4.
1769:
1748:
1610:
1608:
1477:(Broken Hill), 18 December 1915, page 3.
1442:
1440:
1438:
1242:Department of Planning & Environment
1192:(by which his meat was considered to be
858:– born in about 1874 in the mountainous
754:
728:
709:
693:
586:
497:
2607:The Richest Lode: Broken Hill 1883-1988
2454:
2199:(Broken Hill), 10 January 1915, page 3.
2186:
2170:
2131:(Broken Hill), 31 January 1915, page 3.
2111:(Broken Hill), 31 January 1915, page 3.
2084:
2082:
1825:
1823:
1745:(Broken Hill), 21 January 1914, page 6.
1502:
1464:
1339:
1237:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1132:New South Wales State Heritage Register
790:
2881:
2283:, Angus & Robertson 1980, page 281
2247:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 4.
2231:(Broken Hill), 1 January 1915, page 2.
2183:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 5.
2046:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 4.
2030:
2027:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 4.
1997:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 2.
1981:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 2.
1965:(Broken Hill), 6 January 1915, page 2.
1946:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 5.
1935:
1933:
1912:
1910:
1904:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 5.
1888:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 5.
1882:Last Night's Sequel: German Club Fired
1817:(Broken Hill), 8 January 1915, page 4.
1801:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 4.
1766:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 4.
1713:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 4.
1697:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 4.
1681:(Broken Hill), 1 January 1915, page 4.
1663:
1660:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1915, page 4.
1621:(Broken Hill), 4 January 1915, page 4.
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1423:(Broken Hill), 6 January 1915, page 2.
1397:
1394:(Broken Hill), 8 January 1915, page 4.
1371:(Broken Hill), 7 January 1915, page 2.
1336:(Broken Hill), 1 January 1915, page 2.
1310:
1285:
1282:(Broken Hill), 2 January 1914, page 4.
1230:
1153:Department of Planning and Environment
1076:against Great Britain and the Allies.
2739:(15 September 1914 – 4 February 1915)
2672:
1849:
1605:
1435:
995:1914 Commonwealth War Precautions Act
862:region of Afghanistan, south-east of
807:
2528:(Adelaide), 18 August 1927, page 14.
2512:(Broken Hill), 24 July 1922, page 3.
2215:(Broken Hill), 15 July 1916, page 4.
2095:(Melbourne), 6 January 1915, page 9.
2079:
2067:(Adelaide), 13 January 1915, page 4.
1820:
1647:
1644:(Melbourne), 2 January 1915, page 9.
1000:
2745:(23 January 1915 – 26 January 1915)
2650:"Broken Hill Picnic Train Massacre"
2040:The Reason: Inspector Miller's View
1930:
1907:
1569:(Perth), 27 November 1914, page 16.
1489:
1121:
984:
13:
2827:(28 November 1914 – 27 March 1915)
2557:
2462:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2313:. Vintage Australia/Random House.
2299:
1723:"For Revenge": Broken Hill Tragedy
1510:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1505:"Mahomed, Gool Badsha (1875–1915)"
1172:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1165:
750:
473:who believed they were fighting a
251:Islamic organisations in Australia
112:Support for the Ottoman Empire in
14:
2960:
2949:1910s mass shootings in Australia
2620:
2567:, Rockhampton, Qld.: R.J. Bolton.
2457:"Abdullah, Mullah (c. 1855–1915)"
2402:
2151:Family records, per Ancestry.com.
1729:(Sydney), 4 January 1915, page 6.
830:
613:in the weeks before the attack.
488:The events of New Year's Day 1915
2924:History of Australia (1901–1945)
2778:Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
1850:Özdil, Yilmaz (3 January 2013).
1254:
1029:
562:, aged about 60 years, a former
183:Halal certification in Australia
140:
2515:
2499:
2422:
2396:
2378:
2346:
2327:
2286:
2270:
2262:and the battle of Broken Hill".
2250:
2234:
2218:
2202:
2154:
2114:
2098:
2070:
2000:
1984:
1968:
1891:
1843:
1732:
1716:
1700:
1684:
1588:
1572:
1556:
1547:
1480:
948:The names of the wounded were:
84:6 (including both perpetrators)
2813:Operations against the Mahsuds
2786:(January 1915 – November 1918)
2467:Australian National University
1515:Australian National University
1432:Goltz & Adams, page 66-67.
1426:
1269:
1042:, but this did not eventuate.
934:Crystal Brook, South Australia
890:
625:The attack on the picnic train
1:
2577:Richard H. B. Kearns (1975),
1211:
689:
2929:Spree shootings in Australia
2780:(16 March – 6 November 1916)
2358:Shadow of the Sultan's Realm
979:
673:Police and military response
410:Prominent Australian Muslims
7:
2848:Conscription Crisis of 1917
2563:Roberta J. Drewery (2008),
2455:Stevens, Christine (2005).
2209:Marriages: Kelly - Kavanagh
1760:Mr. Millard's Last Good-bye
1503:Stevens, Christine (2005).
1461:, 26 January 1912, page 5).
1296:. Melbourne: L.E. Roberts.
1085:Broken Hill railway station
787:to alert the fire brigade.
493:The Manchester Unity Picnic
10:
2965:
2612:Christine Stevens (2002),
2586:Australian Railway History
2225:List of Killed and Wounded
2123:documents and translations
2023:, by "One Who Knew Them",
1829:Christine Stevens (1989),
1585:, 3 November 1914, page 8.
2944:1915 murders in Australia
2857:
2834:
2799:
2770:
2723:
2706:
2633:The Battle of Broken Hill
2390:The Sydney Morning Herald
2258:"Propaganda eats itself:
2065:The Express and Telegraph
1036:The Battle of Broken Hill
821:Silverton Tramway Company
521:Silverton Tramway Company
188:Islamophobia in Australia
108:
96:
88:
80:
64:
56:
48:
37:
25:
20:
2914:Crime in New South Wales
2889:Australia in World War I
2655:14 December 2013 at the
2570:Christine Ellis (2015),
2296:, January 1978, page 251
1594:Mustafa Aksakal (2011),
1447:The Slaughtering of Meat
1158:
1139:Picnic Train Attack Site
876:Sultan Muhammed Rashid V
582:Background to the attack
415:Grand Mufti of Australia
395:National Mosque Open Day
2825:Operations in the Tochi
2540:Bilal Cleland (2000), '
2089:At the Sultan's Command
1940:At the North Camel Camp
1852:"Sayın Apo Anzak oldu!"
1739:The Umberumberka Scheme
1090:A 2019 Turkish film by
532:Sulphide-street station
226:Central Adelaide Mosque
216:Auburn Gallipoli Mosque
2919:Massacres in Australia
2899:History of Broken Hill
2842:Komagata Maru incident
2662:Strategy & Tactics
764:
734:
715:
699:
592:
503:
477:under orders from the
2714:Battle of Broken Hill
2640:Battle of Broken Hill
2506:Death of Khan Bahader
2333:Panayiotis Diamadis,
2307:Shakespeare, Nicholas
2292:"Production Survey",
1795:Mr. V. Hanson's Story
1583:Sydney Morning Herald
1128:two significant sites
1126:On 29 June 2018, the
758:
732:
713:
697:
590:
501:
456:Battle of Broken Hill
173:Battle of Broken Hill
21:Battle of Broken Hill
2659:by Brendan Whyte in
2646:show visits the area
2592:Nicholas Shakespeare
2522:The Office of Mullah
2193:Alfred Elvin Millard
1959:The Mohamedan Mosque
1292:Lew Roberts (1995).
1046:Nicholas Shakespeare
1038:, to be directed by
909:Alfred Elvin Millard
897:Alma Priscilla Cowie
791:The North Camel Camp
178:Contemporary society
2939:January 1915 events
2894:Mass murder in 1915
2601:Robert J. Solomon (
2403:Breen, Jacqueline.
2354:Daniel Allen Butler
1145:White Rocks Reserve
1087:on 1 January 2015.
1023:Barrier Daily Truth
1005:The Sydney journal
856:Gool Badsha Mahomed
763:, 13 January 1915).
100:Gool Badsha Mahomed
2934:Islam in Australia
2867:(24–29 April 1916)
2821:(1915 – July 1917)
2743:Chilembwe uprising
2387:by Damien Murphy,
2177:One of the Victims
1707:Early on the Scene
1638:Turks Attack Train
1048:wrote the novella
924:– born in 1868 at
808:The following days
780:methylated spirits
765:
735:
716:
700:
593:
504:
231:Baitul Huda Mosque
134:Islam in Australia
2909:Conflicts in 1915
2904:1915 in Australia
2874:
2873:
2476:978-0-522-84459-7
2430:Türk Isi Dondurma
2393:, 31 October 2014
2161:Fall From a Buggy
2061:The Barrier Fight
1691:The Turk's Rifles
1579:Egypt and the War
1524:978-0-522-84459-7
1455:Municipal Council
1303:978-0-646-26587-2
1186:prescribed method
1116:Turkish Ice Cream
1104:Türk Isi Dondurma
1001:German propaganda
922:William John Shaw
452:
451:
119:
118:
2956:
2819:Mohmand blockade
2815:(June–July 1917)
2784:Senussi campaign
2737:Maritz rebellion
2693:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2503:
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2420:
2419:
2417:
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2376:
2375:
2350:
2344:
2340:The Conversation
2331:
2325:
2324:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2274:
2268:
2256:Whyte, Brendan.
2254:
2248:
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2018:
2007:
2004:
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1956:
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1937:
1928:
1914:
1905:
1898:German Club Fire
1895:
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1675:Turks Identified
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1207:
1168:
1122:Heritage listing
1112:
1100:
1018:Second World War
985:Immediate events
519:operated by the
444:
437:
430:
168:Afghan cameleers
163:Makassan Traders
144:
121:
120:
30:
18:
17:
2964:
2963:
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2795:
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2719:
2702:
2697:
2657:Wayback Machine
2623:
2560:
2558:Further reading
2532:
2520:
2516:
2504:
2500:
2477:
2453:
2446:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2401:
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2372:
2364:. p. 135.
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2019:
2010:
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2001:
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1727:Daily Telegraph
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1094:
1070:Shaykh al-Islām
1032:
1003:
987:
982:
893:
833:
810:
793:
769:turbulent crowd
767:That night, a "
753:
751:The German Club
692:
675:
627:
611:target practice
598:Sheikh al-Islam
594:
584:
505:
495:
490:
448:
419:
384:
301:
240:
206:List of mosques
192:
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67:
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2761:Volta-Bani War
2758:
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2621:External links
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2526:The Advertiser
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2285:
2277:David Stratton
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1600:War in History
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1284:
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1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1160:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1123:
1120:
1074:Ottoman Empire
1040:Donald Crombie
1031:
1028:
1002:
999:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
953:
946:
945:
938:
937:
918:
917:
905:
904:
892:
889:
884:
883:
852:
851:
838:Mulla Abdullah
832:
831:The assailants
829:
809:
806:
792:
789:
752:
749:
744:Ottoman Sultan
691:
688:
674:
671:
635:Snider-Enfield
631:breech-loading
626:
623:
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:
574:
573:
560:Mulla Abdullah
545:Ottoman Empire
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
479:Turkish Sultan
471:colonial India
450:
449:
447:
446:
439:
432:
424:
421:
420:
418:
417:
412:
406:
403:
402:
398:
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367:
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264:
259:
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241:
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233:
228:
223:
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211:Lakemba Mosque
208:
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199:
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190:
185:
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165:
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137:
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130:
129:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
103:Mulla Abdullah
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
68:
65:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
52:1 January 1915
50:
46:
45:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2961:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
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2907:
2905:
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2900:
2897:
2895:
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2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2877:
2866:
2865:Easter Rising
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2844:(23 May 1914)
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:North America
2833:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
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2800:British India
2798:
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2779:
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2769:
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2654:
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2648:
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2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2611:
2608:
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2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2510:Barrier Miner
2507:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2371:9781597974967
2367:
2363:
2362:Potomac Books
2359:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2322:
2320:9780857987181
2316:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2294:Cinema Papers
2289:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2246:
2245:Barrier Miner
2242:
2237:
2230:
2229:Barrier miner
2226:
2221:
2214:
2213:Barrier Miner
2210:
2205:
2198:
2197:Barrier Miner
2194:
2189:
2182:
2181:Barrier Miner
2178:
2173:
2166:
2165:Barrier Miner
2162:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2130:
2129:Barrier Miner
2126:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2109:Barrier Miner
2106:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2044:Barrier Miner
2041:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2025:Barrier Miner
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2003:
1996:
1995:Barrier Miner
1992:
1987:
1980:
1979:Barrier Miner
1976:
1971:
1964:
1963:Barrier Miner
1960:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:Barrier Miner
1941:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1926:0-7241-8450-3
1923:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:Barrier Miner
1899:
1894:
1887:
1886:Barrier Miner
1883:
1878:
1876:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1839:0-19-554976-7
1836:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1815:Barrier Miner
1812:
1807:
1800:
1799:Barrier Miner
1796:
1791:
1784:
1783:Barrier Miner
1780:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1764:Barrier Miner
1761:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1743:Barrier Miner
1740:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1712:
1711:Barrier Miner
1708:
1703:
1696:
1695:Barrier Miner
1692:
1687:
1680:
1679:Barrier Miner
1676:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1658:Barrier Miner
1655:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1619:Barrier Miner
1616:
1615:The Two Turks
1611:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1564:
1563:Miscellaneous
1559:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1483:
1476:
1475:Barrier Miner
1472:
1471:Butcher Fined
1467:
1460:
1459:Barrier Miner
1456:
1452:
1451:Barrier Miner
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1429:
1422:
1421:Barrier Miner
1418:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1392:Barrier Miner
1389:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:Barrier Miner
1366:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1334:Barrier Miner
1331:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1280:Barrier Miner
1277:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1188:according to
1187:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:. They are:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1030:More recently
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1009:
998:
996:
991:
974:
971:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
951:
950:
949:
943:
940:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
919:
914:
910:
907:
906:
902:
898:
895:
894:
888:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
853:
848:
844:
840:
839:
835:
834:
828:
824:
822:
817:
814:
805:
801:
797:
788:
784:
781:
776:
774:
770:
762:
757:
748:
745:
739:
731:
727:
723:
721:
712:
708:
704:
696:
687:
683:
679:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
640:
639:Martini-Henry
636:
632:
622:
618:
614:
612:
606:
603:
599:
589:
576:
575:
571:
570:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
485:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
445:
440:
438:
433:
431:
426:
425:
423:
422:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
405:
404:
400:
399:
396:
393:
392:
388:
387:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
310:
309:
305:
304:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
252:
249:
248:
245:Organisations
244:
243:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:Marree Mosque
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
201:
200:
196:
195:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
158:Early history
156:
155:
153:
152:
148:
147:
143:
139:
138:
135:
132:
131:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
107:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
2876:
2771:North Africa
2713:
2660:
2644:Postcards TV
2643:
2632:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2550:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2460:
2429:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2398:
2388:
2380:
2357:
2348:
2338:
2329:
2310:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2260:The Bulletin
2259:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2072:
2064:
2043:
2024:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1943:
1917:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1862:. Retrieved
1860:(in Turkish)
1855:
1845:
1830:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1763:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1618:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1567:Western Mail
1566:
1558:
1549:
1508:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1405:Fabrications
1404:
1399:
1391:
1368:
1333:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1246:. Retrieved
1235:
1193:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1125:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1083:was held at
1078:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1021:
1013:
1008:The Bulletin
1006:
1004:
992:
988:
957:Peterborough
947:
941:
929:
921:
912:
908:
900:
896:
885:
855:
836:
825:
818:
815:
811:
802:
798:
794:
785:
777:
766:
760:
740:
736:
724:
717:
705:
701:
684:
680:
676:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
628:
619:
615:
607:
595:
567:
564:camel-driver
549:
525:
506:
483:
455:
453:
236:Perth Mosque
177:
172:
157:
15:
2850:(1917–1918)
2792:(1914–1921)
2763:(1915–1917)
2751:(1900–1920)
1190:Islamic law
1107: [
1095: [
1026:newspaper.
942:James Craig
891:The victims
880:Tarrawingee
773:execrations
761:Sydney Mail
460:Broken Hill
330:Bangladeshi
114:World War I
97:Perpetrator
71:Mass murder
66:Attack type
44:, Australia
42:Broken Hill
2883:Categories
2749:Somaliland
2596:Oddfellows
2311:Oddfellows
2265:Sabretache
2121:No Title (
1212:References
1050:Oddfellows
690:The battle
528:brake vans
345:Indonesian
2790:Zaian War
2707:Australia
2485:1833-7538
2414:1 January
2093:The Argus
1864:3 January
1642:The Argus
1533:1833-7538
1261:CC-BY 4.0
1092:Can Ulkay
980:Aftermath
537:ice-cream
513:Silverton
370:Pakistani
60:Civilians
2653:Archived
2594:(2015),
2493:70677943
2409:ABC News
2356:(2011).
2309:(2015).
1857:Hürriyet
1541:70677943
1244:. H02002
1204:larrikin
1181:al halal
1081:massacre
1066:Mehmed V
1014:Bulletin
720:Peshawar
602:holy war
572:butcher.
475:holy war
360:Lebanese
320:Albanian
126:a series
124:Part of
75:massacre
38:Location
2755:Nigeria
2731:Nigeria
2605:1988),
2535:Sources
1264:licence
1248:29 June
1176:mullahs
543:of the
517:railway
467:'Ghans'
380:Turkish
350:Iranian
335:Bosnian
197:Mosques
149:History
89:Injured
2858:Europe
2809:(1915)
2757:(1918)
2733:(1915)
2724:Africa
2716:(1915)
2491:
2483:
2473:
2437:
2368:
2317:
1924:
1837:
1539:
1531:
1521:
1300:
1200:turban
926:Nairne
872:Pashto
868:Afridi
552:Muslim
464:Muslim
401:People
389:Events
375:Somali
340:Indian
315:Afghan
306:Groups
109:Motive
81:Deaths
57:Target
1195:halal
1159:Notes
1111:]
1099:]
1061:jihad
963:Hill.
864:Kabul
860:Tirah
847:halal
569:halal
469:from
365:Malay
355:Iraqi
297:MWNNA
2636:film
2489:OCLC
2481:ISSN
2471:ISBN
2435:IMDb
2416:2015
2366:ISBN
2315:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1866:2013
1835:ISBN
1537:OCLC
1529:ISSN
1519:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1250:2022
1068:and
843:Dari
819:The
566:and
541:flag
454:The
325:Arab
282:ANIC
272:AFIC
267:ANIC
49:Date
2433:at
930:née
913:née
901:née
292:MWA
287:ICQ
277:AMC
262:ICV
257:LMA
2885::
2642:,
2603:c.
2524:,
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2479:.
2469:.
2459:.
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2011:^
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1942:,
1932:^
1909:^
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