Islam in Australia

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activities and are pivotal toward retaining the religious identity of Albanian Australians. Albanian representatives serve in most federal Islamic organisations, with some in senior positions. In the few areas of concentrated Albanian settlement, their small numbers shaped local areas through the construction of their first mosques or becoming a sizable proportion of the school Muslim population. The foundations created by Albanian Australians have attracted future Muslim migrants to areas which have an existing mosque or services assisting with settlement.

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recognised that halal certification has economic benefits for Australia because of increased export opportunities. It recommended that the federal government increase its oversight of halal certifiers to address fraudulent conduct, with halal products to be clearly labelled and for meat products sourced from animals subject to religious slaughter, to be specifically labelled. It said that it had heard, "credible reports suggesting that the lack of regulation has been unscrupulously exploited". In tabling the report, committee chairman

1769:, but the Aboriginal version is a mortuary ritual. Aboriginal elders explain on an 'outside' level' the dance performance is about the new world introduced to Aborigines in pre-colonial times as a result of this first contact experience, but on an 'inside' level, they focus on the Aboriginal deaths that occurred as a consequence of contact with these fishing peoples from the north of Australia. The 'inside' meaning of the ritual relates to the passage of the soul of the deceased to a heavenly paradise above, the abode of 2796: 59: 7738:. Shared practices include male circumcision, arranged or promised marriages and polygamy, and similar cultural attitudes like respect for land and resources, and respecting one's elders. "Many Aboriginal people I spoke with explained these cultural synergies often by quoting the well-known phrase from the Koran that 124,000 prophets had been sent to the Earth," says Stephenson. "They argued that some of these prophets must have visited Aboriginal communities and shared their knowledge." 2168: 2241: 1936: 2504: 4275: 19: 2745: 2009: 4261: 1553: 3774:, and several individual religious leaders have also argued against same-sex marriage. However, some Australian Muslims support same-sex marriage, and the Muslims for Progressive Values and Muslims for Marriage Equality groups have campaigned in favour of such a reform. As of September 2017, there was no polling data on the Australian Islamic community's views on this issue. 2160:. From the 1970s onwards, there was a significant shift in the government's attitude towards immigration, and with the White Australia policy now totally dismantled from 1973 onwards, instead of trying to make newer foreign nationals assimilate and forgo their heritage, the government became more accommodating and tolerant of differences by adopting a policy of 1812:, the contact between the two groups was a success: "They traded together. It was fair - there was no racial judgement, no race policy." Even into the early 21st century, the shared history between the two peoples is still celebrated by Aboriginal communities in Northern Australia as a period of mutual trust and respect. 3330:

In the late twentieth century, 80% of Albanian speakers in Australia followed Islam. In the twenty first century, the largest Albanian communities in Australia, Shepparton and Melbourne's suburb of Dandenong in Victoria are mostly Muslims. Muslim Albanian communities exist in Western Australia, South

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In an Australia-wide survey published in November 2015, which was based on 1,573 interviews, which asked, "Are Muslims that live in Australia doing enough to integrate into the Australian community, or should they be doing more?", only 20% of respondents thought Muslims are currently "doing enough".

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A number of organisations and associations are run by the Australian Islamic community including mosques, private schools and charities and other community groups and associations. Broad community associations which represent large segments of the Australian Muslim public are usually termed "Islamic

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Most of the cameleers returned to their countries after their work had dried up, but a few had brought wives and settled in Australia with their families, and others settled either on their own (some living at the Adelaide Mosque), or married Aboriginal or European women. Halimah Schwerdt, secretary

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According to the 2016 Australian Census, Bangladeshi origin population were around 55,000; among them about 33,000 were living in NSW. Bangladeshi Muslims are located primarily in Rockdale, Lakemba, Bankstown and many suburbs in Western Sydney region with a mosque in Sefton and in the south-east of

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A poll conducted by the University of South Australia's International Centre for Muslim and non-Muslim Understanding which was released in 2016 found that 10 per cent of Australians have hostile attitudes towards Muslims. The accompanying report concluded that "the great majority of Australians in

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migrants. This "immigrant Islam" is often viewed by the host society as a force of "cultural resistance" toward the multicultural and secular nature of the general Australian culture. Muslim practices of praying, fasting and veiling appear as challenging the conformity within public spaces and the

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As Islam is the dominant religion among Albanian Australians, it has given the community a sense of unity and the capacity and resources to construct their own mosques. They have symbolised the Albanian community's permanent settlement in Australia. Mosques serve as important centres for community

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In 2005 the overall Muslim population in Australia had grown from 281,600 or 1.50% of the general Australian population in 2001, to 340,400 or 1.71% in 2006. The growth of Muslim population at this time was recorded as 3.88% compared to 1.13% for the general Australian population.. From 2011-2016,

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With the increase in immigration of Muslims after the war from countries such as Bosnia, Albania and Kosovo, the Islam in Australia developed its characteristic plurality. The move proved enriching for Muslim migrants, who "met Muslim fellows from many different ethnic, racial, cultural, sectarian

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A poll of nearly 600 Muslim residents of Sydney released in November 2015 found that the respondents were three to five times more likely to have experienced racism than the general Australian population. However, approximately 97 per cent of the Muslim respondents reported that they had friendly

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said, "Some certifiers are nothing more than scammers." The committee recommended a single halal certification authority. The committee in recommending clearer labelling, specifically referred to the need for meat processors to label products sourced from animals subject to religious slaughter.

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In 1977 Sheikh Fahd Mehdi the first Shia cleric arrived in Australia and established the first Shia place of worship in Sydney, Al Zahra Mosque with funding from overseas and the help of Sayed Mohamed Kadhim Al Qazwini. He went on to establish the first Shia Islamic centre in Sydney AL-Jaafaria

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Muslims, whose European heritage made them compatible with the White Australia Policy, immigrated to the country. The Albanian arrival revived the Australian Muslim community whose ageing demographics were until that time in decline and Albanians became some of the earliest post-colonial Muslim

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Ian McIntosh has said that the initial effects of the Macassan fishermen were "terrible", which resulted in "turmoil" with the extent of Islamic influence being "indeterminate". In another paper McIntosh concludes, "strife, poverty and domination . . is a previously unrecorded legacy of contact

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policies the social disadvantage of Muslims was thought to have been alleviated. Some sources, however, note that Muslims now face some disadvantages on account of their religion. At times there has been opposition to the construction of new mosques in Australia. A 2014 report from the Islamic

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pointed to many Muslim Australians who felt the Australian media was unfairly critical of, and often vilified their community due to generalisations of terrorism and the emphasis on crime. The use of ethnic or religious labels in news reports about crime was thought to stir up racial tensions.

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There are close to two dozen Halal certification authorities in Australia. Halal meat and meat product exports to the Middle East and Southeast Asia have greatly increased from the 1970s onwards; this expansion was due in part to efforts of the AFIC. Halal certification has been criticised by

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An inquiry by an Australian Senate committee, which concluded in December 2015, found the current system is "lacklustre" and made recommendations for improvement. It found there was no evidence to support claims that the profits of halal certification are used to fund terrorism. The report

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network following a Lebanese-Australian woman named Frida as she opens a shop selling fashionable clothing for Muslim women on Melbourne's Sydney Road. The documentary follows Frida as she develops her business in Melbourne while juggling a husband and home in Sydney and a pregnancy.

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The distribution by state of the nation's Islamic followers has New South Wales with 50% of the total number of Muslims, followed by Victoria (33%), Western Australia (7%), Queensland (5%), South Australia (3%), ACT (1%) and both Northern Territory and Tasmania sharing 0.3%.

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in Adelaide, became first European woman in Australia to publicly embrace Islam. She was engaged to Allum in 1935-37, but there is no record of a wedding. He married Jean Emsley in 1940, who converted to Islam later. Allam also published pamphlets and articles about Islam.

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who migrated to and settled in Australia during the mid to late 19th century. Between 1860 and the 1890s a number of Central Asians came to Australia to work as camel drivers. Camels were first imported into Australia in 1840, initially for exploring the arid interior (see

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Muslims have predominantly arrived in Australia since the second half of the 1980s, with most of the community settling in Melbourne and Sydney. Although the large majority of the Kurdish Australians are Muslims, there are no registered Kurdish run mosques in Australia.

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values of gender equality in social relationships and individual rights. The immigrant Muslims are often required to "negotiate their Muslimness" in the course of their encounters with Australian society, the governmental and other social institutions and bureaucracies.

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As of 2007, average wages of Muslims were much lower than those of the national average, with just 5% of Muslims earning over $ 1000 per week compared to the average of 11%. Unemployment rates amongst Muslims born overseas were higher than Muslims born in Australia.

3293:. In north east Arnhem Land, there is some Islamic influence on the songs, paintings, dances, prayers with certain hymns to Allah and funeral rituals like facing west during prayers, roughly the direction of Mecca, and ritual prostration reminiscent of the Muslim 2667:, another early spiritual teacher took up a leadership role. However, there is some contention regarding the extent to which this group adhered to Islamic practice, limiting the extent to which this group can be considered a representation of Islam in Australia. 3606:

was established in 1988, most Somalis began to settle in the country in the early 1990s following the civil war in Somalia. Somalis are active in the wider Australian Muslim community, and have also contributed significantly to local business. According to the

1804:, says, "Staying on the safe grounds of historical method ... the beginning of the trepang industry in Australia to between the 1720s and 1750s, although this does not preclude earlier, less organised contact." Ganter also writes "the cultural imprint on the 2631:

The study of the history of Sufism in Australia is a fledgling discipline. Initial examination indicates that the Sufis have played an important part in Muslim engagement with Australia and its peoples. There are many reported instances of Sufism amongst the

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In 2015, Wikileaks cables released information that Saudi Arabia closely monitors the situation of Islam and Arab community in Australia, whilst at the same time spending considerately to promote its fundamentalist version of Sunni Islam within the country.

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communities. The oldest mosque in Perth is the Perth Mosque on William Street in Northbridge. It has undergone many renovations although the original section still remains. Other mosques in Perth are located in Rivervale, Mirrabooka, Beechboro and Hepburn.

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During the 1980s the Australian Muslim population increased from 76,792 or 0.53% of the Australian population in 1981, to 109,523 or 0.70% in 1986. In the 2011 Census, the Muslim population was 479,300 or 2.25%, an increase of 438% on the 1981 number.

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head coverings were reportedly harassed in public. The Australian government's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission included accounts of racial harassment experienced by some Australian Arabs in their 1991 report on racism in Australia.

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According to Australia's 2011 census, 1,140 people identify as Aboriginal Muslims, almost double the number of Aboriginal Muslims recorded in the 2001 census. Many are converts and some are descendants of Afghan cameleers or, as in the

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anti-Halal campaigners who argue that the practice funds the growth of Islam, results in added costs, a requirement to officially certify intrinsically-halal foods and with consumers required to subsidise a particular religious belief.

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from 22,311 or 0.17% of the Australian population in 1971, to 45,200 or 0.33% in 1976. Lebanese Muslims are still the largest and highest-profile Muslim group in Australia, although Lebanese Christians form a majority of

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The majority of people who reported Islam as their religion in the 2006 Census were born overseas: 58% (198,400). Of all persons affiliating with Islam in 2006 almost 9% were born in Lebanon and 7% were born in Turkey.

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McIntosh, I., (1996) Islam and Australia's Aborigines? A Perspective from North-East Arnhem Land, The Journal of Religious History, volume 20, issue 1, The Journal of Religious History Vol. 20, No. 1, June 1996, 53,

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in May 2015 opined, "Most Muslims want the peace and prosperity that comes from an Islam that coexists with modernity; it is a fanatical fringe that seeks to impose a fabricated medieval Islam". It describes Dr

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perform certain Muslim practices. Muslim head coverings are worn mainly by a few older women, Ramadan fasts are adhered to by some people and in Shepparton, Islam is influenced by Sufi Bektashism from Albania.

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BIN AMIN, Umar. Muslim Employment in Commonwealth Government Departments and Agencies in the Context of Access and Equity. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, , p. 1-19, June 2016. ISSN 2442-9848

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said Dutton was making a specific point about those charged with terrorism offences. "He made it quite clear that he respects and appreciates the contribution that the Lebanese community make in Australia".

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and other northern suburbs. The majority of Turkish Muslims in Sydney are from Auburn, Eastlakes and Prestons. Despite still having a large Turkish population in Auburn and Eastlakes, According to the

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Bosnian Muslims have predominantly arrived in Australia after 1992, with most of the community living in the south east of Melbourne and in the south west of Sydney. There are Bosnian run mosques in

3305:. Many indigenous converts are attracted to Islam because they see a compatibility between Aboriginal and Islamic beliefs, while others see it as a fresh start and an aid against common social ills 1757:

creational being is given the name, Walitha Walitha, which is an adaptation of the Arabic phrase Allah ta'ala (God, the exalted). The 'Dreaming' creation figure, Walitha' walitha, is also known as

2659:. Born Ada Ginsberg, the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants to the US, Martin's visit was of great significance because of her link to Khan. After the baron's death in 1950, the poet and artist 2052:). Meanwhile, persons not of white European heritage (including most Muslims) were denied entry to Australia during this period, and those already settled were not granted Australian citizenship. 5914: 4430: 1824:

says that the Macassans appear to have been welcomed initially, however relations deteriorated when, "aborigines began to feel they were being exploited . . leading to violence on both sides".

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community growth trends during the most recent census period to relatively high birth rates, and recent immigration patterns. Adherents of Islam represent the majority of the population in

8044: 8825: 7311: 3471:, only 8,656 out of 50,975 Indonesians in Australia, or 17%, identified as Muslim. However, in the 2011 census, that figure rose to 12,241 or 19.4%, 18.9% in 2016, and 19.3% in 2021. 2647:, moved to Australia from Germany with his family in 1927. The baron and his Australian wife were well-liked, and students would study Sufism under von Frankenberg at their home in 8240: 7373: 6744: 3628:

Muslims are a significant segment of the Australian Muslim community. Melbourne has the largest Turkish community in Australia, with the majority of Turkish Muslims living around

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has said that with moderate Muslims being sidelined by those promoting more fundamentalist views, there is a need to be more careful in regard to potential Australian immigrants.

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There were 281,578 Muslims recorded in this survey; in the 2006 census the population had grown to 340,392. 48% of Australian-born Muslims claimed Lebanese or Turkish ancestry.

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in Melbourne if she was to speak at that venue. Her Australian tour was cancelled. It is likely that Australian Muslims are facing up to six times exclusion from the society.

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The Australian Muslim community has built a number of mosques and Islamic schools, and a number of imams and clerics act as the community's spiritual and religious leaders.

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groups to establish themselves in Australia. Some of the earliest communities with a sizable Albanian Muslim population were Mareeba, Queensland and Shepparton in Victoria.

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is an Australian film based on a true story of an Iraqi Shia immigrant family. It depicts some of the religious and social practices of the Shia community in Australia.

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Albanians partook in the revival of Islamic life within Australia, in particular toward creating networks and institutions for the community. Albanian Muslims built the

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products, with university courses leading to Islamic financial qualifications also being established. Other Australian Islamic organisations have been set up to manage

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formed a much-reported set of incidents in 2000; a group of Lebanese men sexually assaulted non-Muslim women. In 2005, tensions between Muslims and non-Muslims in the

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which aim to provide "guidance to Muslim Australians in the personal, individual and private spheres of life", are issued by various Australian Islamic authorities.

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on 15–16 December 2014, including a threat made against a mosque in Sydney. However, the Muslim community also received support from the Australian public through a

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B Amin, Umar. Muslim Employemnet in Commonwealth Department and Agencies in context of Access and Equity. Tarbiya; Journal of Education in Muslim Society, Jun 2016.

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In line with the views of Judaism and Christianity, Islamic leaders in Australia generally believe that "the practice of homosexuality — is a forbidden action".

2227:(1990–91). Newspapers received numerous letters calling for Arab Australians to "prove their loyalty" or "go home", and some Arab Australian Muslim women wearing 2114:. As with the Albanian Muslim immigrants before them, the European heritage of these displaced Muslims also made them compatible with the White Australia Policy. 1693:

Australians whose religion emerged as an offshoot of Islam which arrived in Australia with the immigration of Druze mainly from Lebanon and Syria. There are also

8444: 2459: 7260: 6374: 6243: 5720: 1761:. In the Warramiri tradition, Walitha' walitha descends from heaven to re-establish order from infighting and violence between different groups in Arnhem land. 4743: 2987:

At the 2011 census, people who were affiliated with Islam as a percentage of the total population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area

1627:. That total Muslim population makes Islam, in all its denominations and sects, the second largest religious grouping in Australia, after all denominations of 9072: 8766: 6713: 3312:

Some academics who have studied these issues have come to less positive conclusions regarding the relationship between the Aboriginal people and the visiting

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Others who have studied this period have come to a different conclusion regarding the relationship between the Aboriginal people and the visiting trepangers.

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was built in 1888 by the descendants of the Afghan cameleers. The Broken Hill Mosque at North camel camp was built by the cameleers between 1887 and 1891.

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in the early 19th century. They arrived from 1796, having been employed on British ships. They left following the closure of the penal colony and moved to

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The general increase of the Muslim population in this decade was from 147,487 or 0.88% of the Australian population in 1991, to 200,885 or 1.12% in 1996.

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period. This allowed for the acceptance of a number of displaced white European Muslims who began to arrive from other parts of Europe, mainly from the

2071:. Two Afghans who pledged allegiance to the Ottoman Empire shot and killed four Australians and wounded seven others before being killed by the police. 9753: 5850: 5174: 4438: 7062: 6817:

Imams and Sheikhs from around Australia held a meeting last night in which they appointed Dr Ibrahim Abu Muhammad as the new Grand Mufti of Australia.

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markets. Remnants of their influence can be seen in the culture of some of the northern Aboriginal peoples. Regina Ganter, an associate professor at

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of this contact is everywhere: in their language, in their art, in their stories, in their cuisine." According to anthropologist John Bradley from

8519: 7047: 6992: 4085: 3434: 2474: 2312:, among others. At the time of the 2011 census, 476,000 Australians (representing 2.2 percent of the population) reported Islam as their religion. 2248:

By the beginning of the 21st-century, Muslims from more than sixty countries had settled in Australia. While a very large number of them come from

5780: 2000:. The Auckland Star noted the ceremony's calm demeanor, stating: "During the whole service the worshippers wore a remarkably reverential aspect." 9680: 9447: 4089: 2789: 2478: 2463: 8625:

Poynting, Scott, and Victoria Mason. "The resistible rise of Islamophobia Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001."

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Stevens, Christine. Tin Mosques and Ghantowns; A History of Afghan Cameldrivers in Australia. Oxford University Press. Melbourne 1989, p. 163

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One of the earliest recorded Islamic festivals celebrated in Australia occurred on 23 July 1884 when 70 Muslims assembled for Eid prayers at

461: 6965: 9467: 9007: 2983: 213: 7286: 1854:. The community left no remnants; only seven permanent residents of the island identified themselves as "non-Christian" in a 2006 census. 9597: 2152:

Later, between 1967 and 1971, during the final years of the step-by-step dismantling of the White Australia policy, approximately 10,000

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According to some scholars, a particular trend of anti-Muslim prejudice has developed in Australia since the late 1980s. Since the 2001

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councils". Some organisations are focused on providing assistance and support for specific sectors within the community, such as women.

2623:, a religion that began as an offshoot of 11th-century Ismaili Islam, are reported to have around 20,000 followers living in Australia. 7683: 6772: 6588: 4811: 4695: 2196:

Trade and educational links have been developed between Australia and several Muslim countries. Muslim students from countries such as

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Notable events involving Australian Muslims during this early period include what has been described either as an act of war by the

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Currently there are communities representing most of the major Sufi Orders within Australia, including, but not limited to the

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to mark the death of the prophet's grandson. In November 2015 there was Ashura march in Sydney and a Victorian school observed

5971: 5518: 4905: 4812:"Allah and the Spirit of the Dead - The hidden legacy of pre-colonial Indonesian/Aboriginal contact in north-east Arnhem Land" 623: 9743: 8864: 8723: 7229: 6296: 5042: 3859: 1504: 446: 9406: 9298: 1839:. Beyond this, Muslims generally are not thought to have settled in large numbers in other regions of Australia until 1860. 9708: 4982: 4580: 2328: 2315:

On a few occasions in the 2000s and 2010s, tensions have flared between Australian Muslims and the general population. The

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This sense of the compatibility of Aboriginal and Islamic beliefs is not uncommon, says Peta Stephenson, a sociologist at

7661: 7429: 6685: 5550:[The history of the settlement of 4 thousand Albanians in the city of Dandenong] (in Albanian). Diaspora Shqiptare 5204: 3441:

since 1986. It is reported that enrolments for its 203 co-educational places are booked out until 2020. According to the

2337:, an anti-Islam film trailer, resulted in rioting. There was an increase in anti-Muslim sentiment in the aftermath of the 9440: 5620: 5489: 1647: 344: 9259: 8078: 7089: 6657: 3373:

are observed using local moon-sightings, rather than being based on Middle-Eastern, or other, timings. According to the

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and linguistic backgrounds" and "found Islam more pluralistic and more sophisticated" than their countries of origin.

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population, particularly in Sydney where most Arabs in Australia live. Approximately 3.4% of Sydney's population are

2481:. Similarly many Bangladeshi Tablighi Jamaat, Muslims worship at mosques in Seaton, NSW and in Huntingdale Victoria. 950: 198: 183: 173: 8687: 5942: 3270:

It is estimated that Australian Muslims come from 63 different backgrounds, with "loose associations" between them.

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The perceived need for population growth and economic development in Australia led to the broadening of Australia's

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grounds. By 1875, there were 1800 Malay divers working in Western Australia. Most returned to their home countries.

9079: 3306: 2827: 99: 7430:"HREOC Website: Isma - Listen: National consultations on eliminating prejudice against Arab and Muslim Australias" 6800: 6721: 2381:

as a brave insider who is working to assist "the cause of good Muslims who are struggling for the soul of Islam".

9289: 7942:"Liminality and Racial Hazing of Muslim Migrants: Media Framing of Albanians in Shepparton, Australia, 1930-1955" 5788: 4460: 3290: 2060: 1777: 1205: 1050: 79: 8935: 8793: 7579: 5599: 4408: 9433: 9305: 8870: 8180: 7735: 6083: 5322: 4819: 4381:"Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile" 4157: 3787:

in New South Wales, at 9% to 10% of the prison population, compared to less than 3% within the NSW population.

3771: 2126: 2078: 1821: 1574: 1125: 7752:"Australia's Indigenous Peoples and Islam: Philosophical and Spiritual Convergences between Belief Structures" 6911:"Government seeks advice over radical Islamic group Hizb ut-Tahrir: Can't act against them under current laws" 6829: 6603: 5694:"Muslim integration: Australian immigration policies need tightening, Islamic Council founding president says" 9612: 9487: 8319: 6431: 6027: 5860: 5755: 4773: 3920: 3118: 3081:

Very few Muslims live in rural areas with the exceptions of the sizeable Albanian and Turkish communities in

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Australia's Indigenous Peoples and Islam: Philosophical and Spiritual Convergences between Belief Structures

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Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures

4478: 3115:, where there is a mosque. Perth's Australian Islamic School has around 2,000 students on three campuses. 1728:. Different Muslim groups within the Australian Muslim community thus also espouse parallel non-religious 9779: 9562: 6087: 4206: 4173: 3879: 3433:

Egyptian Muslims in Sydney are represented by The Islamic Egyptian Society. The Society has managed the

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that were uniquely suited to the demands of Australia's vast deserts. The first camel drivers arrived in

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said that it was a mistake of a previous administration to have brought out Lebanese Muslim immigrants.

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visited the coast of northern Australia, "from at least the eighteenth century" to collect and process

1150: 763: 481: 147: 6562: 2682: 1708:, Australia's Muslims are not a monolithic community. The Australian Muslim community has traditional 9784: 9718: 9703: 9675: 9632: 9477: 6538:"Podcast Ep 35 Islam in Australia: Makassan Traders, Afghan Cameleers & a Sufi Qadiri Connection" 5230: 5059: 4557: 3750: 3663: 3351: 2995:

At the 2011 census, people who were affiliated with Islam as a percentage of the total population in

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In August 2017, the National Imams Council issued a statement opposing the proposed introduction of

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Larger-scale Muslim migration of non-White non-European Muslims began in 1975 with the migration of

9642: 9526: 8646: 8134: 8112: 6939:"Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks a 'cure', says leader of Hizb ut-Tahrir Australia Ismail Alwahwah" 5490:"We're serving the community, in whichever form it may be": Muslim Community Building in Australia" 5170: 4348: 4313: 3108: 2855: 2807: 2582: 2432: 2138: 1524: 1325: 1320: 895: 331: 311: 6409: 5082: 9738: 9698: 9536: 8609: 5411: 4853: 4431:"2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016" 4149: 3762: 3501: 3158: 2961:

Muslim population grew by 27% from 476,291 to 604,200 with majority residing in New South Wales.

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There are also others from smaller non-mainstream sects of Islam, including approximately 20,000

2487:, which is a "non-political Islamic organisation based in Pakistan", has adherents in Australia. 2448: 2293: 2045: 1975: 1971: 1881: 1643: 586: 142: 132: 23: 8545: 8472: 5943:"Social welfare program of Islamic political party: a case study of Bangladesh Jama'at-e-Islami" 9733: 9555: 8592: 4293: 4288: 3651: 3633: 3629: 3608: 3581: 3505: 3493: 3454: 3442: 3416: 3374: 3369:. For Bangladeshi Muslims attending the Huntingdale Mosque, all Islamic lunar months, such as 3279: 3047: 3004: 2249: 2111: 2038: 1997: 1762: 1494: 1285: 1065: 521: 193: 9176: 9150: 8267: 5819: 5580:. The Religion and Ethics Report (for ABC Radio National). Australian Broadcasting Corporation 5574:"This extroverted German baron helped a 'pluralistic, sophisticated' Islam bloom in Australia" 5108: 1832: 9506: 9472: 9456: 8705: 8344: 7918: 7378: 7234: 7025: 7021:"Members of Street Dawah preaching group feature heavily in Sydney's counter-terrorism raids" 6662: 6436: 6379: 6192: 5855: 4308: 3796: 3464: 3358: 2068: 2013: 1836: 1624: 1600: 978: 945: 905: 648: 638: 426: 261: 89: 9364:

Stephenson, Peta. Islam Dreaming: Indigenous Muslims in Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2010.

8853:

Islamophobia, social distance and fear of terrorism in Australia : A Preliminary Report

6861: 4824: 9622: 9531: 9521: 9516: 9198: 8497: 6690: 6465: 6166: 5698: 5291:

Pratt, Douglas (2011). "Antipodean Ummah: Islam and Muslims in Australia and New Zealand".

4219: 4153: 3910: 3898: 3708: 3669: 3603: 3529: 3496:, and then post-2003. They predominately settled in the western suburbs of Sydney, such as 3428: 3404: 3325: 3024: 2562: 2333: 2122: 1917: 1499: 1392: 1130: 1060: 995: 823: 818: 708: 653: 526: 456: 286: 6460: 3468: 1872: 8: 9414: 9224:

Islam and Muslims in Australia: Settlement, Integration, Shariah, Education and Terrorism

8570: 8153:"History of the Bosnian Muslim Community in Australia: Settlement Experience in Victoria" 8107: 7546: 7094: 5494:

Muslim Community Organizations in the West: History, Developments and Future Perspectives

4950: 4318: 4057: 3620: 3550: 3391: 3138: 3071: 3063: 3055: 2738: 2324: 2216:, are among the thousands of international students studying in Australian universities. 2185: 1905: 1820:

between Aborigines and Indonesians." A report prepared by the History Department of the

1801: 1632: 1608: 1362: 1315: 1295: 1035: 955: 930: 835: 808: 758: 728: 718: 633: 593: 566: 551: 506: 441: 276: 236: 8494:"Origins: History of immigration from Somalia - Immigration Museum, Melbourne Australia" 3676:, Islam and its place in Australian society has been the subject of much public debate. 3419:, 23.2% of the Bosnia and Herzegovina-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 2964:

The following is a breakdown of the country of birth of Muslims in Australia from 2001:

613: 9339: 9100: 7971: 7779: 7751: 7287:"No direct link between halal certification and Islamic terrorism, Senate inquiry told" 7184: 7181:"Zakat Al-Mal Project, Pay Zakat, What is Zakat in Islam? – Human Appeal International" 7041: 6518: 4328: 4182: 3886: 3673: 3593: 3460: 3386: 3174: 2811: 2466:(ASWJA). While their numbers are small, the ASWJA is said to "punch above its weight". 2180: 2099: 1948: 1929: 1888: 1750: 1705: 1355: 1290: 1160: 1105: 1075: 990: 915: 910: 890: 778: 768: 571: 296: 266: 251: 7635: 6488: 5638:"Sydney siege: Police respond to anti-Muslim sentiment in wake of Lindt cafe shootout" 4631: 9607: 9343: 9282: 8860: 8719: 8693:. Charles Sturt University; ISRA Australia; University of Western Sydney. p. 46. 8661:"National consultations on eliminating prejudice against Arab and Muslim Australians" 8289: 8045:"Radical Muslim cleric Ismail al-Wahwah tells supporters a new world order is coming" 7975: 7966: 7864: 7783: 7771: 7677: 7575: 6582: 6522: 6510: 6353: 6328: 5823: 5676: 5526: 5497: 5417: 5369: 5330: 5304: 5275: 5236: 5178: 5130: 5038: 5014: 4911: 4689: 4528: 4501: 4343: 4240: 4012: 3988: 3892: 3489: 3480: 3067: 3012: 2724: 2419: 2316: 2074: 1986: 1928:. Although they came from several countries, they were usually known in Australia as 1809: 1489: 1474: 1417: 1377: 1372: 1340: 1210: 1140: 1115: 1090: 1045: 1030: 1000: 935: 885: 865: 860: 855: 743: 688: 663: 496: 491: 471: 436: 421: 291: 256: 231: 7254: 7252: 3046:. Melbourne's Australian Muslims live primarily in the northern suburbs surrounding 2577:

from Turkish, Syrian and Lebanese backgrounds. They have at least one school called

9657: 9578: 9331: 9278: 9034:"Postal survey: gay Muslims shake off conservative image to back same-sex marriage" 7961: 7953: 7763: 6500: 5979: 5662:"#illridewithyou: support for Muslim Australians takes off following Sydney siege." 5300: 5158: 5120: 4868: 4338: 4298: 4280: 4232: 4119: 3925: 3866: 3554: 3408: 3400: 3075: 3070:(mostly Indian). They also form communities in outer south-eastern suburbs such as 3059: 3051: 2660: 2327:; the incident resulted in mass arrests and criminal prosecution. In 2012, Muslims 2161: 2049: 1893: 1539: 1437: 1407: 1397: 1345: 1305: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1215: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1155: 1095: 1070: 1055: 1010: 960: 870: 845: 723: 713: 673: 643: 628: 608: 598: 581: 576: 541: 536: 486: 431: 406: 374: 281: 271: 8418:"Australia is paying for Malcolm Fraser's immigration mistakes, says Peter Dutton" 8152: 7957: 5413:

The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins

9728: 9652: 9320:

Kabir, Nahid (July 2006). "Muslims in a 'White Australia': Colour or Religion?".

8709: 8049: 7707: 7261:"Overhaul 'lacklustre' halal certification to root out exploitation, report says" 7249: 6943: 6915: 6749: 6375:"Mother, midwife and sheikh guilty in Australia's first genital mutilation trial" 5363: 5247: 5109:"On the History of Sufism in Australia: A Manuscript from the Broken Hill Mosque" 4921: 4522: 4353: 4069: 4039: 3961: 3846: 3841: 3742: 3712: 3688: 3534: 3362: 3298: 3154: 3020: 2752: 2748: 2686: 2547: 2528: 2470: 2176: 1932:

and they brought with them the first formal establishment of Islam in Australia.

1921: 1534: 1387: 1367: 1350: 1335: 1330: 1310: 1280: 1275: 1250: 1240: 1173: 1110: 1100: 1080: 1020: 1015: 1005: 940: 925: 830: 803: 793: 753: 738: 733: 683: 678: 618: 556: 516: 411: 399: 241: 31: 6054:"WikiLeaks 'Saudi Cables' reveal secret Saudi government influence in Australia" 2795: 2543:. In 2008, the mainstream Shia community numbered 30,000 followers nationally. 9647: 9637: 9627: 9617: 9409:– historical community biography produced by the National Archives of Australia 8904: 8801: 8771: 8391: 8245: 8160:

Institute for Community, Ethnicity and Policy Alternatives, Victoria University

8021: 7657: 7067: 6686:"Sectarian tensions underlying conflict in Syria erupt in Sydney and Melbourne" 6248: 6115: 5919: 5891: 5725: 4323: 4193: 4125: 4051: 4006: 3955: 3625: 3516: 3162: 3126: 3043: 3039: 3008: 2709:

are reflecting as tensions within the Australian community and in the schools.

2484: 2372: 2153: 2056: 2030: 1843: 1816: 1661:

denomination. The followers of each of these are further split along different

1529: 1519: 1509: 1422: 1382: 1300: 1270: 1085: 1025: 965: 920: 900: 875: 850: 813: 798: 773: 748: 658: 603: 546: 531: 511: 501: 476: 416: 127: 58: 9335: 5125: 3732:

all states and regions are comfortable to live alongside Australian Muslims".

3711:, much of Islamic culture and organisation in Australia has been borne of the 3654:, only 5.2% of the Malaysia-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 3038:

4.2% of people in Greater Melbourne are Muslim. Many Muslims living there are

2244:

Kuraby Mosque Brisbane attracts large number of worshippers in Friday prayers.

1908:, in June 1860, when eight Muslims and Hindus arrived with the camels for the 9773: 9723: 9602: 8741:"Sydney Muslims feel at home despite very high racism exposure, survey finds" 7775: 7721: 7612: 6514: 6270: 5182: 5134: 4774:"Islam and Australia's Aborigines? A Perspective from North-East Arnhem Land" 4711: 4524:

Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices

4333: 4143: 4063: 4045: 4033: 4016: 3976: 3916: 3716: 3692: 3599: 3166: 3016: 2601: 2558: 2508: 2022: 1990: 1967: 1944: 1805: 1704:

While the overall Australian Muslim community is defined largely by a common

1469: 1464: 1120: 1040: 880: 840: 788: 783: 701: 668: 561: 451: 137: 9398:- at Oxford Bibliographies Online (2013; subscription only for full content) 3377:, 81.2% of the Bangladesh-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 2557:

In November 2014, up to 3,000 Shi'a Muslims marched in Sydney on the annual

2167: 8859:. International Centre for Muslim and non-Muslim Understanding. p. 6. 8422: 6887: 6745:"Islamic State grooming Aussie teens as young as 14 for terror army online" 6629:"'This is a warning': Members of Sydney's Shia community fear IS beheading" 6505: 6137: 4266: 4131: 4095: 4073: 4021: 3994: 3970: 3949: 3855: 3645: 3573: 3565: 3485: 3098: 2838: 2788:

which describes itself as a, "political party whose ideology is Islam" and

2342: 2220: 2103: 2042: 1925: 1847: 1792: 1729: 1717: 1709: 1612: 1557: 152: 5169:(3). Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation (a collaboration between 3007:, the Muslim population numbered 604,235 individuals, of whom 42% live in 8103: 7696: 7374:"'Nothing more than scammers': Senate committee calls for halal overhaul" 5147:"Mahomedan Festival in Melbourne", Auckland Star, 16 August 1884, page 3. 4211: 4137: 4113: 4107: 3904: 3611:, 93.4% of the Somalia-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 3584:, 43.5% of the Lebanon-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 3546: 3302: 3286: 2728: 2706: 2644: 2364: 2301: 2240: 1897: 1828: 1732:

with related non-Muslim counterparts, either within Australia or abroad.

1682: 1654: 9425: 8968: 8826:"One in 10 Australians 'highly Islamophobic' and have a fear of Muslims" 5592: 4873: 3745:, was proposed for April 2017. Because of her alleged Islamophobia, the 3636:, 64.0% of the Turkey-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 3019:. The states and territories with the highest proportion of Muslims are 1796:, a marine invertebrate prized for its culinary and medicinal values in 34:

is amongst the oldest mosques in Australia having been built in 1888-89.

9376:

Isolation, Integration and Identity: The Muslim Experience in Australia

7701:

Militant Aborigines embrace Islam to seek empowerment. 28 February 2003

5629: 4661:

Volume 32,4, 2008: "Muslim Australians: the deep histories of contact."

4409:"2071.0 - Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013" 4197: 4101: 4079: 4027: 3931: 3545:. Approximately 4.2% of residents in Greater Melbourne are Muslim, and 3508:, 31.4% of the Iraqi-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 3445:, 15.6% of the Egypt-born population in Australia was Muslim by faith. 3438: 3150: 3082: 3028: 2734: 2690: 2664: 2551: 2378: 2309: 2209: 1982: 1765:

share this ceremony, known as the Wurramu, with the people of Macassar

1658: 9314:

Muslims in Australia: Immigration, Race Relations and Cultural History

9001: 8999: 8445:"Julie Bishop defends Peter Dutton's comments on Lebanese immigration" 7767: 2503: 1935: 8449: 5947:

School of Social Science and Psychology, University of Western Sydney

4202: 4188: 4178: 3704: 3338: 3313: 2540: 2408: 2261: 2201: 2130: 2086: 2026: 1985:

divers were recruited through an agreement with the Dutch to work on

1913: 1901: 1783: 1766: 1754: 1698: 1604: 7137: 18: 9547: 9233:

Al-Momani, Kais; Dados, Nour; Maddox, Marion; Wise, Amanda (2010).

8996: 7456:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 25 February 2008. Archived from 7316: 4215: 4000: 3943: 3937: 3331:

Australia, Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory.

3142: 3032: 2675: 2671: 2652: 2574: 2516: 2305: 2265: 2224: 2213: 2197: 1960: 1952: 1851: 1787: 1746: 1725: 27: 9401: 9382:. Melbourne, Victoria: State Library of Victoria Foundation, 2012. 9059:"Inmates banned from speaking Arabic at SuperMax jail in Goulburn" 9008:"Same-sex marriage: Why have Muslims been so quiet in the debate?" 8197: 7802: 7454:"3416.0 – Perspectives on Migrants, 2007: Birthplace and Religion" 6031: 4785: 3467:, Muslims are the minority among Indonesians in Australia. In the 2744: 2454:

In Australia there are also groups associated with the "hardline"

2012:

Replica of ice cream van owned by one of the killers in the 1915 "

7860:

Muslims making Australia home: Immigration and Community Building

7506:"Census TableBuilder - Dataset: 2016 Census - Cultural Diversity" 6997: 6777: 6327:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 103. 6301: 6220: 5548:"Historia e vendosjes së 4 mijë shqiptarëve në qytetin Dandenong" 5232:

Australia's Muslim Cameleers: Pioneers of the Inland, 1860s-1930s

5035:

Australia's Muslim cameleers: pioneers of the inland, 1860s–1930s

4368:

US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2006

3834:

Australia's Muslim Cameleers: Pioneers of the inland, 1860s–1930s

3799:

that discuss the Muslims during the "Afghan period" (1860-1900).

3749:

told organisers that there would be 5,000 protesters outside the

3370: 3111:

also has a Muslim community focussed in and around the suburb of

3102: 2697:

communities, it is estimated there are at least 5,000 adherents.

2620: 2597: 2285: 2277: 2257: 2142: 2107: 2008: 1912:. The next arrival of camel drivers was in 1866 when 31 men from 1721: 1662: 1639: 388: 7917:(Ph.D.). University of Aberdeen. pp. 67, 82. Archived from 6325:

Devotional Literature in South Asia: Current Research, 1985-1988

6163:"Shia Muslims stand against IS at annual Ashura march in Sydney" 5006: 7158: 5677:"Sydney cafe: Australians say to Muslims 'I'll ride with you.'" 5260:"Broken Hill an act of war or terrorism won't be commemorated." 4981:. Victorian Department of Education. p. 13. Archived from 4227: 3542: 3134: 3094: 2996: 2651:. In 1939 he organised the visit of a renowned Sufi leader, or 2455: 2253: 2157: 1877: 1694: 1670: 7367: 7365: 4520: 2589:. There is also a population of the related, though distinct, 2527:, Fairfield, Auburn and Liverpool regions of Sydney, with the 2156:

settled in Australia under an agreement between Australia and

8645:. Australian Parliament Library. 6 March 2007. Archived from 8218: 7993: 7116: 6005: 4223: 3294: 3289:

people, have Macassan ancestry as a result of the historical

3146: 2815: 2759: 2694: 2643:, who was inspired by the man who first brought to the West, 2616: 2605: 2590: 2428: 2396: 2289: 2281: 2205: 1797: 1770: 1758: 1690: 1620: 1595: 8732: 6993:"Sheikh defends radical preacher's attendance at conference" 2188:, outnumbering their Muslim counterparts at a 6-to-4 ratio. 8301: 7362: 6566: 6323:

R. S. McGregor (25 September 1992). McGregor, R. S. (ed.).

5887:"In Muslim Australia, there's divide and no respected rule" 4236: 3538: 3488:

Muslims mainly came to the country as a refugees after the

3090: 2763: 2737:

in June 2007 who was succeeded by the current Grand Mufti,

2679: 2404: 2400: 2297: 2273: 2269: 1686: 1666: 8969:

Australian National Imams Council (ANIC) (10 March 2018).

7574:. Centre for Muslim Minorities and Islam Policy Studies – 5749:"Islam in Australia - Demographic Profile of Muslim Youth" 5159:"Mahomet Allum: Australia's Leading Herbalist Benefactor?" 4949:. Government of Norfolk Island. p. 25. Archived from 3724:

relations with non-Muslims and felt welcome in Australia.

3157:, in Sydney and Melbourne, the Turkish communities around 1831:" were listed in the musters of 1802, 1811, 1822, and the 9262:, By Islamic Museum of Australia. Author: Moustafa Fahour 8706:"An Australian Islam? Religion in the Multicultural City" 8520:"Senator Evans to attend Somali festivities in Melbourne" 5205:"Mahomet Allum, Australia's leading herbalist-benefactor" 5107:

Cook, Abu Bakr Sirajuddin; Dawood, Rami (18 March 2022).

9232: 7448: 7446: 4214:, first Australian Muslim women boxer to compete in the 2431:

denomination of Islam are concentrated in the suburb of

2041:, immigration to Australia was restricted to persons of 7863:. Melbourne University Publishing. pp. 95, 97–98. 6930: 6244:"Bobb (sic) Carr condemns Alawite attacks in Australia" 5915:"Halal certification charter signed in secret in Mecca" 2460:

Islamic Information and Services Network of Australasia

7018: 6830:"Fatwas: their role in contemporary secular Australia" 6461:"The good life: Druze practical spirituality (Part 1)" 5416:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 166. 4944:"Norfolk Island Census of Population and Housing 2006" 4521:

J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (21 September 2010).

3919:(c. 1858–1964), Adelaide herbalist and healer, former 1951:

and inter-married with the Indigenous population. The

1857: 1701:) minorities among Muslim practitioners in Australia. 8637: 8635: 8318:. Community Relations Section of DIAC. Archived from 7533: 7531: 7443: 7401:"Australian Senate Committee Inquiry Recommendations" 7344:"Australian Senate Committee Inquiry Recommendations" 7206: 6216:"Department backs school over national anthem furore" 4579:

Baker, Jordan; Marcus, Caroline (23 September 2012).

4247:

and Founder of the United Muslims of Australia (UMA).

3741:

has been established. An Australian speaking tour by

3101:

in Victoria. An Albanian Muslim community resides in

2784:

Two organisations with strong political emphasis are

2384: 2367:

has said moderate Muslims need to take back control.

2061:

terrorist attack planned against Australian civilians

7914:

Albanian Muslims in Secular, Multicultural Australia

7811:, pp. 27, 126, 139, 144, 153–154, 159–160, 199. 6350:

Indian Diaspora: Socio-Cultural and Religious Worlds

6189:"Thousands take part in Ashura march through Sydney" 4603: 4601: 4256: 3873: 3854:

won the Palace Films Award for Short Film Promoting

3085:, which has Victoria's oldest mosque, and Malays in 1749:

traders were long-term visitors to Arnhem land (now

8043:McClellan, Ben; Chambers, Geoff (11 October 2014). 6683: 6372: 5517:Bouma, Gary D.; Daw, Joan; Munawar, Riffat (2001). 4500:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 42. 3979:, former Guantanamo Bay detainee, anti-war activist 3105:who established Queensland's second oldest mosque. 2469:There are communities of NSW Muslims who adhere to 1835:, and a small number of Muslims arrived during the 1623:, constituted 813,392 people, or 3.2% of the total 9260:Boundless Plains: The Australian Muslim Connection 8708:. In Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Saeed, Abdullah (eds.). 8632: 7528: 7486:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 7 February 2008 5521:. In Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Saeed, Abdullah (eds.). 5325:. In Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Saeed, Abdullah (eds.). 5235:(Pbk ed.). Wakefield Press. pp. 11, 21. 5175:Islamic Sciences and Research Academy of Australia 4861:History Department, Australian National University 3777: 2806:A number of financial institutions have developed 1753:). A dance among the Warramiri people refers to a 9265:Cook, Abu Bakr Sirajuddin; Yucel, Salih (2016). " 9235:"Political Participation of Muslims in Australia" 8767:"Australians fear terror will hit home: Newspoll" 8309:"Community Information Summary – Indonesian-born" 8042: 7569:"Social integration of Muslim Settlers in Cobram" 4907:Muslims In Australia - Nahid Kabir - Google Books 4851: 4598: 1745:Islam has been in Australia since the 1700s when 9771: 9148: 8238: 8135:"Bangladesh-born: Community Information Summary" 8015:O'Brien, Natelie; Trad, Sanna (7 January 2008). 7750:Cook, Abu Bakr Sirajuddin; Yucel, Salih (2016). 7060: 6990: 6936: 6742: 3845:is a documentary created by Rebel Films for the 1677:. There are also practitioners of other smaller 9301:. Online: National Archives of Australia, 2007. 9294:. Melbourne: Islamic Council of Victoria, 2002. 9240:. Department of Social Security. Archived from 8925: 8415: 8014: 7472: 6792: 6241: 6213: 6108: 5721:"Reflections on a Muslim community under siege" 5602:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June 2012 5516: 2464:Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah Association (Australia) 2025:, a former cameleer who established himself as 1657:, with significant minorities belonging to the 9226:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2020. 8764: 8610:"Malaysia-born: Community Information Summary" 8150: 7850: 7424: 7422: 7284: 7227: 6655: 6601: 6322: 5621:"Govt Hopes No Islamic Protests In Melbourne." 5442: 3738:Council for the Prevention of Islamophobia Inc 3703:According to Michael Humphrey, a professor of 1653:The vast majority of Muslims in Australia are 9563: 9441: 9357:Saeed, Abdullah and Shahram Akbarzadeh, eds. 8653: 8546:"Somalia-born: Community Information Summary" 8473:"Lebanon-born: Community Information Summary" 8181:"Bosnian-born: Community Information Summary" 7894: 7892: 7814: 7510:Australian Bureau of Statistics – Census 2016 6908: 6884:"Fatwa Archives - Jamiatul Ulama of Victoria" 6711: 5940: 5880: 5878: 5817: 4809: 4771: 4616: 4614: 3681:Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 1575: 352: 8849: 8786: 8697: 8593:"Turkey-born: Community Information Summary" 7790: 7719: 7610: 7371: 7046:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7019:Olding, Rachel, Olding (28 September 2014). 6764: 6458: 6347: 6294: 5912: 5884: 5691: 5316: 5314: 5102: 5100: 5053: 5037:Kent Town, S. Aust. : Wakefield Press. 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4709: 4550: 4187:Youssef Dib, professional boxer, brother of 3537:Muslims form the core of Australia's Muslim 3361:. The Sefton Mosque has been linked to the 2473:form of Islam and worship at the Granville, 2179:Muslims, which rapidly increased during the 1842:Muslims were among the earliest settlers of 9412: 9354:. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2003. 8900:"Islam critic Ayaan Hirsi Ali cancels tour" 8758: 8268:"Egypt-born: Community Information Summary" 8241:"Islamic college embraces community values" 8102: 7939: 7933: 7904: 7883: 7877: 7838: 7633: 7419: 7312:"No Halal link to terror: Senate committee" 6736: 5741: 5483: 5481: 5448: 5080: 5007:Shahram Akbarzadeh; Abdullah Saeed (2001). 4976:"Combating Racism and Prejudice in Schools" 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4578: 4104:, General Practitioner and community leader 3133:There are also communities of Muslims from 3027:(3.32%), whereas those with the lowest are 2604:, a small Ismaili Shia sect has its Sydney 9570: 9556: 9448: 9434: 9073:"Ethnic minorities and crime in Australia" 8928:"Islam critic Hirsi Ali cancels Aust tour" 8897: 8563:"Ancestry | Australia | Community profile" 8345:"Iraq-born: Community Information Summary" 7889: 7826: 7539:"Religion | Australia | Community profile" 5875: 5567: 5565: 5510: 5492:. In Peucker, Mario; Ceylan, Rauf (eds.). 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5248:Online version of 2010 ed. at Google Books 5228: 5106: 4611: 4146:, president of Lebanese Muslim Association 3747:Council for the Prevention of Islamophobia 1582: 1568: 359: 345: 9455: 9291:The Muslims in Australia: A Brief History 9229:Aslan, Alice. "Islamophobia In Australia" 8971:"Islam's Clear Position on Homosexuality" 8619: 8512: 8316:Department of Immigration and Citizenship 7965: 7749: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7600: 6714:"Syria's Civil War Spills Over in Sydney" 6535: 6504: 6072: 5466: 5454: 5355: 5311: 5202: 5156: 5124: 5097: 4888: 4872: 3790: 3756: 3448: 2721:Australian Federation of Islamic Councils 2705:Conflict between religious groups in the 2655:, and devotee of Khan, known as Murshida 2581:, with campuses in the Sydney suburbs of 2361:Australian Federation of Islamic Councils 2219:A number of Australian Arabs experienced 9374:Woodlock, Rachel and John Arnold (eds). 8893: 8891: 8703: 6373:Gardiner, Stephanie (12 November 2015). 5966: 5964: 5635: 5571: 5478: 5430: 5284: 4758: 4553:"Disunity, not anger, is Muslim dilemma" 3390: 2990: 2982: 2860: 2794: 2743: 2519:denomination of Islam is centred in the 2502: 2418: 2347: 2239: 2166: 2073: 2067:, in 1915, in what was described as the 2007: 1963:(short for The Afghan) in their memory. 1934: 1871: 1712:divisions and is also extremely diverse 17: 9031: 8688:"Mosques of Sydney and New South Wales" 7856: 7832: 7808: 7561: 7258: 7230:"Why halal certification is in turmoil" 7090:"Master of Islamic Banking and Finance" 7063:"NAB set to join rush for Islamic cash" 6604:"Sufism: The invisible branch of Islam" 6297:"Petrol-bomb attack on religious group" 6080:"Muslim Journeys – Arrivals – Lebanese" 5820:"Guide to Islamist Movements, Volume 2" 5781:"World Almanac of Islamism - Australia" 5562: 5545: 5472: 5460: 5394: 5343: 5320: 5033:Jones, Philip G and Kenny, Anna (2007) 4847: 4845: 4805: 4803: 4546: 4544: 3795:There are a number of notable works in 3192:Muslim population by country of origin 3169:and the South Asian communities around 2037:From 1901, under the provisions of the 1959:, Northern Territory, railway is named 1846:while the island was used as a British 1669:for the interpretation and practice of 9772: 9121: 9089: 9032:Kozioil, Michael (18 September 2017). 8964: 8962: 8823: 8486: 7910: 7898: 7844: 7820: 7796: 7682:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7664:from the original on 29 September 2018 7597: 7259:Medhora, Shalailah (1 December 2015). 6991:Lillebuen, Steve (28 September 2014). 6801:"Australian Imams appoint a new Mufti" 6798: 6770: 6587:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6536:Footsteps, Sacred (29 November 2021). 5519:"Muslims Managing Religious Diversity" 5436: 5388: 5382: 5229:Jones, Philip G.; Jones, Anna (2007). 5054:Arthur Clark (January–February 1988). 4694:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4651: 4495: 3557:is sometimes called 'Little Lebanon'. 3395:Rochedale Mosque in Brisbane Australia 3345: 2879: 2821: 2600:population of unspecified size. While 1631:(43.9%, also including non-practicing 9551: 9429: 9319: 9124:"Bridging the personal-political gap" 9005: 8888: 8283: 6493:Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 6155: 5961: 5539: 5487: 5361: 5349: 5323:"The History of Muslims in Australia" 5290: 5203:Batchelor, Daud (22 September 2018). 5196: 5163:Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 5157:Batchelor, Daud Abdul-Fattah (2018). 4903: 3860:Melbourne International Film Festival 3785:Muslims are over-represented in jails 3273: 2999:divided geographically by postal area 2814:, superannuation, Islamic wills and 2700: 2550:established the Imam Hasan Centre in 2458:branch of Sunni Islam, including the 2093: 9577: 9307:Muslims in Australia since the 1600s 8824:Brooth, Meredith (20 January 2016). 8738: 8685: 8416:Davidson, Helen (18 November 2016). 8392:"Little Lebanon in Melbourne review" 7940:Barry, James; Yilmaz, Ihsan (2019). 7285:Ockenden, Will (24 September 2015). 7183:. Humanappeal.org.au. Archived from 6937:Auerbach, Taylor (11 January 2015). 6602:Patrick Abboud (28 September 2012). 6486: 5636:Simmonds, Kylie (17 December 2014). 5409: 5268: 5085:. The (Dhaka) Daily Star, Bangladesh 5058:. Saudi Aramco World. Archived from 4842: 4800: 4541: 4003:, former Australian rules footballer 3997:, former Australian rules footballer 3691:immigration laws were replaced with 3474: 1943:Cameleers settled in the areas near 1611:, the combined number of people who 8959: 8850:Hassan, Riaz; Martin, Bill (2015). 8765:Hudson Phillip (23 November 2015). 8108:"Another round of Ramadan lunar-cy" 8017:"Terror links in battle for mosque" 7228:Johnson, Chris (28 December 2014). 6860:. Darulfatwa.org.au. Archived from 6858:"Fiqh (Jurisprudence) | Table" 6799:Kilani, Ahmed (19 September 2011). 6684:Meldrum-Hanna, Caro (4 June 2013). 6658:"Home front opens in a foreign war" 6214:Cook, Henrietta (27 October 2015). 6111:"Call to probe mystery Shia cleric" 6109:Kerbja, Richard (28 January 2008). 5572:Moldovan, Alice (13 October 2019). 5150: 5083:"A History of Muslims in Australia" 4572: 3523: 3422: 3319: 2790:Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah Association 2050:white Europeans of the Muslim faith 1858:1860 onward: cameleers and pearlers 13: 9216: 8984:from the original on 25 March 2024 8739:Safi, Michael (30 November 2015). 8239:Balogh, Stefanie (11 March 2017). 7484:1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2008 7061:Henshaw, Carolyn (30 March 2013). 6773:"Hilali out as Mufti, moderate in" 6487:Cook, Abu Bakr Sirajuddin (2018). 5972:"Bangladesh Islamic Centre of NSW" 5546:Rexhepi, Nizami (31 August 2021). 4551:Burke, Kelly (22 September 2012). 4304:Islamic organisations in Australia 4170:Ahmed Saad (Australian footballer) 4116:, community and political activist 3679:A report published in 2004 by the 3614: 3511: 3380: 3309:, such as alcohol and drug abuse. 2874: 2776:Islamic organisations in Australia 2423:Rochedale Bosnian Mosque, Brisbane 2385:Islamic denominations in Australia 1689:descent, and approximately 20,000 168:Islamic organisations in Australia 14: 9796: 9389: 9078:. 8 November 2005. Archived from 8288:, Allen & Unwin, p. 12, 7320:. 1 December 2015. Archived from 6968:. 29 January 2009. Archived from 6743:Auerbach, Taylor (2 April 2015). 6712:Jopson, Debra (30 October 2012). 5600:"Cultural Diversity in Australia" 4245:Australian National Imams Council 3913:, academic and political activist 3874:Notable Australian Muslim figures 3657: 3587: 3307:afflicting indigenous Australians 3177:, are more widely distributed in 2733:In 2007, Hilaly was succeeded by 2712: 2081:, built by the Albanian community 1887:Among the early Muslims were the 9191: 9169: 9142: 9115: 9065: 9051: 9025: 8950: 8926:Tasker, Belinda (3 April 2017). 8919: 8843: 8817: 8679: 8602: 8585: 8555: 8538: 8465: 8437: 8409: 8384: 8354: 8337: 8277: 8260: 8232: 8211: 8190: 8173: 8151:Haveric, David (February 2009). 8144: 8127: 8096: 8064: 8036: 8008: 7982: 7743: 7713: 7690: 7650: 7627: 7498: 7393: 7372:Aston, Heath (2 December 2015). 7336: 7304: 7278: 7221: 7199: 7173: 7151: 7130: 7109: 7082: 6348:Pratap Kumar (30 January 2015). 6242:Rintoul, Stuart (26 June 2012). 5305:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00322.x 5209:AMUST: Australasian Muslim Times 5081:Nahid Kabir (7 September 2007). 4904:Kabir, Nahid (11 January 2013). 4273: 4259: 4072:, boxer and former professional 3934:, radio and television presenter 3639: 2828:Halal certification in Australia 2769: 2751:located in Melbourne serves the 2511:outside the Opera House, Sydney. 2063:. The attack was carried out at 1740: 1551: 1136:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 462:Democratic Republic of the Congo 381: 100:Halal certification in Australia 57: 9359:Muslim Communities in Australia 9122:Wilson, Jake (14 August 2006). 9006:Baird, Julia (31 August 2017). 8711:Muslim Communities in Australia 8522:. 25 April 2013. Archived from 8072:"Majlis ul Ulamaa of Australia" 7054: 7012: 6984: 6958: 6902: 6876: 6850: 6822: 6771:Zwartz, Barney (11 June 2007). 6705: 6677: 6656:Olding, Rachel (30 June 2013). 6649: 6621: 6595: 6555: 6529: 6480: 6452: 6424: 6394: 6366: 6341: 6316: 6288: 6263: 6235: 6207: 6181: 6130: 6102: 6046: 6020: 5994: 5934: 5906: 5843: 5811: 5789:American Foreign Policy Council 5773: 5713: 5685: 5670: 5655: 5614: 5523:Muslim communities in Australia 5368:. Agora Press. pp. 37–38. 5327:Muslim communities in Australia 5252: 5222: 5141: 5074: 5047: 5027: 5010:Muslim communities in Australia 5000: 4968: 4936: 4852:Howie-Willis, Ian, ed. (1997). 4734:"Dr Ian S McIntosh - Biography" 4726: 4703: 4624: 4581:"Inside Sydney's City of Imams" 4122:, lawyer and community advocate 3778:Employment, education and crime 3696:Sciences and Research Academy, 3365:School of Islam and has hosted 3291:Makassan contact with Australia 3216: Bosnia-Herzegovina (3.6%) 3078:(mostly Afghan and Pakistani). 2235: 2003: 1939:The grave of an Afghan cameleer 1778:Makassan contact with Australia 1648:external territory of Australia 9598:Federated States of Micronesia 8643:"Muslim Australians – E-Brief" 8368:. 11 July 2010. Archived from 8198:"The Islamic Egyptian Society" 7722:"When Islam came to Australia" 7613:"When Islam came to Australia" 6909:Benson, Simon (26 June 2014). 6295:Cooper, Adam (19 March 2012). 6084:National Archives of Australia 5859:. 31 July 2011. Archived from 5525:. UNSW Press. pp. 65–66. 5013:. UNSW Press. pp. 13–15. 4854:"Aboriginal History Volume 21" 4820:Australian National University 4712:"When Islam came to Australia" 4659:Journal of Australian Studies, 4514: 4489: 4479:"Australians Lose Their Faith" 4471: 4453: 4423: 4401: 4373: 4158:Ultimate Fighting Championship 4134:, former Pakistani fast bowler 3973:, former CEO of Australia Post 3772:same-sex marriage in Australia 3184: 2435:and surrounding areas such as 2359:The founding president of the 1822:Australian National University 1: 9099:. Ronin Films. Archived from 8615:. Department of Home Affairs. 8598:. Department of Home Affairs. 8551:. Department of Home Affairs. 8350:. Department of Home Affairs. 8273:. Department of Home Affairs. 8186:. Department of Home Affairs. 8140:. Department of Home Affairs. 7958:10.1080/01419870.2018.1484504 7720:Janak Rogers (24 June 2014). 7634:Phil Mercer (31 March 2003). 7611:Janak Rogers (24 June 2014). 6886:. 3 June 2014. Archived from 6459:Debien, Noel (22 July 2012). 5851:"Extremists lure young minds" 5626:. Accessed 20 September 2014. 4710:Janak Rogers (24 June 2014). 4359: 2845: 2731:of Australia and New Zealand. 2355:in Melbourne, 15 October 2023 2171:The Chullora Greenacre Mosque 2143:Mareeba, Far North Queensland 1868:Pearling in Western Australia 1864:Afghan cameleers in Australia 1786:from the southwest corner of 7710:. Retrieved 1 February 2007. 6807:. MuslimVillage Incorporated 5913:Morton, Rick (25 May 2015). 5885:Morton, Rick (30 May 2015). 5822:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 119. 5692:Kim, Sharnie (19 May 2015). 4780:Journal of Religious History 4739:National Museum of Australia 4637:National Museum of Australia 4461:"Old trend no leap of faith" 3940:, trade unionist, politician 3698:University of Western Sydney 3357:Melbourne, with a mosque at 3301:and Rugby League footballer 3087:Katanning, Western Australia 2812:sharia-compliant investments 2427:In Sydney, adherents of the 2395:Most Australian Muslims are 2391:Islamic schools and branches 2329:protesting in central Sydney 2065:Broken Hill, New South Wales 327:Prominent Australian Muslims 7: 9413:Wotherspoon, Garry (2015). 9402:Islamic Museum of Australia 9361:. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2001. 9316:. London: Kegan Paul, 2004. 9271:Comparative Islamic Studies 8898:Maly, Paul (4 April 2017). 7756:Comparative Islamic Studies 7209:. National Zakat Foundation 7207:"National Zakat Foundation" 6138:"Imam Hasan Centre - About" 5792:. p. 9. Archived from 4772:McIntosh, Ian (June 1996). 4496:Athyal, Jesudas M. (2015). 4252: 4207:Australian rules footballer 4174:Australian rules footballer 4156:currently competing in the 3895:, female political activist 2800:Islamic Museum of Australia 1665:(schools of thought within 10: 9801: 8716:35, 40, 41, 42, 44, 48, 49 8704:Humphrey, Michael (2001). 8480:Department of Home Affairs 7636:"Aborigines turn to Islam" 7117:"Hejaz Financial Services" 6432:"Cry, my father's country" 6028:"Dawat-e-Islami Australia" 5329:. UNSW Press. p. 24. 4060:, Grand Mufti of Australia 3877: 3760: 3670:World Trade Center attacks 3661: 3643: 3618: 3591: 3527: 3478: 3452: 3426: 3384: 3349: 3323: 3277: 2849: 2825: 2773: 2537:Al-Rasool Al-A'dham Mosque 2500:Society in Rockdale NSW. 2388: 1910:Burke and Wills expedition 1861: 1775: 1735: 9689: 9666: 9585: 9463: 9369:Tin Mosques and Ghantowns 9336:10.1080/02619280600863671 9323:Immigrants and Minorities 9038:The Sydney Morning Herald 7946:Ethnic and Racial Studies 6406:Sydney Business Directory 6058:The Sydney Morning Herald 5496:. Springer. p. 100. 5365:Islamophobia in Australia 5126:10.1163/22105956-bja10021 4700:Retrieved on 6 April 2012 4558:The Sydney Morning Herald 4527:. Abc-Clio. p. 247. 4465:The Sydney Morning Herald 3822:Tin Mosques and Ghantowns 3664:Islamophobia in Australia 3352:Bangladeshis in Australia 2892:— 2852:Demographics of Australia 2641:Friedrich von Frankenberg 2568: 2260:, there are Muslims from 1981:During the 1870s, Muslim 1968:first mosque in Australia 105:Islamophobia in Australia 9744:Northern Mariana Islands 9151:"Randa Abdel Fattah, Dr" 8629:43, no. 1 (2007): 61-86. 8284:Saeed, Abdullah (2003), 7857:Haveric, Dzavid (2019). 5171:Charles Sturt University 4349:Islam in the Philippines 4160:'s Welterweight division 3222: Afghanistan (3.5%) 2978: 2856:Immigration to Australia 2808:Sharia-compliant finance 2723:(AFIC) appointed Sheikh 2685:22 December 2022 at the 2477:, which is led by Sheik 2414: 2191: 2079:Melbourne's first mosque 1976:Great Mosque of Adelaide 1607:. According to the 2021 1505:Northern Mariana Islands 447:Central African Republic 332:Grand Mufti of Australia 312:National Mosque Open Day 9709:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8714:. UNSW Press. pp. 7911:Ahmeti, Sharon (2017). 7884:Barry & Yilmaz 2019 7706:12 January 2008 at the 5449:Barry & Yilmaz 2019 5321:Cleland, Bilal (2001). 5113:Journal of Sufi Studies 4483:The Wall Street Journal 4150:Jake Matthews (fighter) 4082:, Muslim Imam and Mufti 3763:Islam and homosexuality 3246: Bangladesh (2.7%) 3159:Auburn, New South Wales 2649:Camden, New South Wales 2626: 2546:In October 2004 Sheikh 2494: 2353:Pro-Palestinian protest 2294:Palestinian territories 2085:In the 1920s and 1930s 1989:and Northern Territory 1974:, South Australia. The 1947:and other areas of the 1882:Bourke, New South Wales 1644:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1638:Demographers attribute 1455:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 143:Central Adelaide Mosque 133:Auburn Gallipoli Mosque 9157:. Macquarie University 9149:Macquarie University. 8077:. 2012. Archived from 7992:. 2012. Archived from 7578:. 2006. Archived from 6966:"About Hizb ut-Tahrir" 6506:10.55831/ajis.v3i3.119 6489:"Tasawwuf 'Usturaliya" 6402:"Dawoodi Bohra Jamaat" 6352:. BRILL. p. 280. 6086:. 2001. Archived from 6004:. 2012. Archived from 5978:. 2013. Archived from 5941:Amin, Faroque (2016). 5818:Rubvin, Barry (2010). 5451:, pp. 1169, 1172. 4810:McIntosh, Ian (1996). 4294:Ahmadiyya in Australia 4289:Q Society of Australia 3991:, Sunni Imam and Mufti 3946:, academic, politician 3928:, senior Muslim cleric 3824:, by Christine Stevens 3804:The Camel in Australia 3791:In literature and film 3757:Views on homosexuality 3715:experiences of Muslim 3713:social marginalisation 3652:2016 Australian census 3634:2016 Australian census 3609:2016 Australian census 3582:2016 Australian census 3506:2016 Australian census 3494:1991 uprisings in Iraq 3469:2006 Australian Census 3455:Indonesian Australians 3449:Indonesian Australians 3443:2016 Australian census 3417:2016 Australian census 3396: 3375:2016 Australian census 3280:Aboriginal Australians 3234: Indonesia (2.9%) 3125:contain predominantly 3062:(mostly Lebanese) and 3000: 2988: 2803: 2756: 2512: 2424: 2356: 2323:area of Sydney led to 2245: 2172: 2112:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2082: 2039:White Australia policy 2017: 1998:Albert Park, Melbourne 1940: 1889:"Afghan" camel drivers 1884: 1763:Indigenous Australians 1685:Muslim Australians of 1679:denominations of Islam 1599:is the second-largest 1206:Bosnia and Herzegovina 35: 9692:and other territories 9457:Religion in Australia 9304:Drew, Abdul Shaheed. 7967:10536/DRO/DU:30109598 7379:Sydney Morning Herald 7235:Sydney Morning Herald 7026:Sydney Morning Herald 6663:Sydney Morning Herald 6437:Sydney Morning Herald 6380:Sydney Morning Herald 6193:Sydney Morning Herald 5856:Sydney Morning Herald 5362:Aslan, Alice (2009). 5263:Sydney Morning Herald 4309:Religion in Australia 4054:, rugby league player 3901:, mechanical engineer 3797:Australian literature 3672:in New York, and the 3465:religion in Indonesia 3394: 3228: Pakistan (3.2%) 3198: Australia (36%) 2994: 2986: 2866:Historical population 2861:Historical population 2798: 2764:Islamic jurisprudence 2747: 2539:serves the region in 2506: 2422: 2351: 2339:Sydney hostage crisis 2243: 2170: 2077: 2069:Battle of Broken Hill 2014:Battle of Broken Hill 2011: 1970:was built in 1861 at 1955:, South Australia to 1938: 1896:), and later for the 1875: 1862:Further information: 1667:Islamic jurisprudence 1625:Australian population 1126:Saint Kitts and Nevis 624:São Tomé and Príncipe 467:Republic of the Congo 90:Battle of Broken Hill 21: 9419:Dictionary of Sydney 9380:The La Trobe Journal 9367:Stevens, Christine. 9281::10.1558/cis.37033. 9247:on 21 September 2015 9177:"The World Factbook" 8627:Journal of Sociology 8396:www.reviewstream.com 7990:"Huntingdale Masjid" 7823:, pp. 122, 127. 7480:"Cultural diversity" 6167:ABC News (Australia) 6002:"Huntingdale Masjid" 5863:on 24 September 2015 5488:Amath, Nora (2017). 5410:Jupp, James (2001). 4441:on 20 September 2017 4314:Shia–Sunni relations 4220:2024 Summer Olympics 4154:mixed martial artist 3985:, community activist 3899:Yassmin Abdel-Magied 3828:Ali Abdul v The King 3816:Afghans in Australia 3806:, by Tom L. McKnight 3709:University of Sydney 3562:Immigration Minister 3530:Lebanese Australians 3429:Egyptian Australians 3326:Albanian Australians 3050:, (mostly Turkish), 2507:Shi'a commemorating 2334:Innocence of Muslims 2186:Lebanese Australians 2123:Shepparton, Victoria 1619:, from all forms of 951:United Arab Emirates 387:World percentage of 95:Contemporary society 9415:"Muslims in Sydney" 9378:. Special Issue of 9085:on 29 October 2013. 8649:on 27 January 2012. 8573:on 19 November 2022 8372:on 28 December 2016 8362:"Kurdish Community" 7799:, pp. 41, 263. 7736:Victoria University 7724:. BBC News Magazine 7615:. BBC News Magazine 7585:on 2 September 2007 7095:La Trobe University 6569:on 22 December 2022 6412:on 17 November 2015 6090:on 27 February 2011 6034:on 20 February 2017 5761:on 12 February 2014 5682:. 16 December 2014. 5667:. 15 December 2014. 5056:"Camels Down Under" 4874:10.22459/AH.21.2011 4714:. BBC News Magazine 4319:Islam in Bangladesh 4243:, President of the 4058:Ibrahim Abu Mohamed 4015:, convert, wife of 3952:, former politician 3889:, writer and lawyer 3818:, by Michael Cigler 3621:Turkish Australians 3598:Although the first 3504:. According to the 3415:. According to the 3346:Bangladeshi Muslims 3204: Lebanon (10%) 3139:Indian subcontinent 2867: 2822:Halal certification 2741:in September 2011. 2739:Ibrahim Abu Mohamed 1802:Griffith University 1782:Indonesian Muslims 1633:cultural Christians 1609:Census in Australia 1146:Trinidad and Tobago 986:Antigua and Barbuda 9780:Islam in Australia 9396:Islam in Australia 9352:Islam in Australia 8805:. 23 November 2015 8686:Underabi, Husnia. 8453:. 23 November 2016 8366:Immigration Museum 8286:Islam in Australia 8106:(8 January 2014). 8084:on 11 January 2016 7921:on 23 January 2021 7847:, pp. 39, 92. 7699:, The Independent 7516:on 14 January 2023 7324:on 1 December 2015 6972:on 18 January 2015 6724:on 31 October 2012 6275:alsadiq.nsw.edu.au 5982:on 11 January 2016 5265:. 31 October 2014. 4924:on 4 December 2014 4329:Islam in Indonesia 4183:professional boxer 3887:Randa Abdel-Fattah 3880:Australian Muslims 3836:, by Dr Anna Kenny 3812:, by Andrew Markus 3674:2005 Bali bombings 3594:Somali Australians 3560:In November 2016, 3397: 3387:Bosnian Australian 3274:Aboriginal Muslims 3175:Indonesian Muslims 3001: 2989: 2865: 2804: 2762:, edicts based on 2757: 2701:Sectarian tensions 2615:Additionally, the 2513: 2425: 2357: 2246: 2221:anti-Arab backlash 2181:Lebanese Civil War 2173: 2110:, especially from 2100:immigration policy 2094:Post-war migration 2083: 2059:, or the earliest 2018: 1987:Western Australian 1949:Northern Territory 1941: 1885: 1751:Northern Territory 1706:religious identity 1617:Australian Muslims 1051:Dominican Republic 148:Baitul Huda Mosque 51:Islam in Australia 36: 9767: 9766: 9759:Wallis and Futuna 9667:Associated states 9579:Islam in Oceania 9545: 9544: 9488:Eastern Orthodoxy 9350:Saeed, Abdullah. 9103:on 31 August 2007 9097:"Veiled Ambition" 8876:on 4 October 2018 8866:978-0-9874076-2-7 8725:978-0-86840-580-3 8567:profile.id.com.au 7768:10.1558/cis.37033 7576:Monash University 7543:profile.id.com.au 7407:. 1 December 2015 7350:. 1 December 2015 7161:. Wasiyyah.com.au 7138:"Crescent Wealth" 6805:muslimvillage.com 6637:. 3 November 2013 6195:. 4 November 2014 6169:. 4 November 2014 6142:Imam Hasan Centre 5043:978-1-86254-778-0 4657:Ganter, R.(2008) 4344:Islam in Pakistan 4241:Sydney, Australia 4166:, Islamic scholar 4066:, Muslim preacher 4013:Rabiah Hutchinson 3989:Taj El-Din Hilaly 3893:Aziza Abdel-Halim 3650:According to the 3580:According to the 3481:Iraqi Australians 3475:Iraqi Australians 3264: Other (23%) 3252: Iran (2.3%) 3240: Iraq (2.8%) 3210: Turkey (8%) 3089:. A community of 3013:Greater Melbourne 3003:According to the 2951: 2950: 2725:Taj El-Din Hilaly 2596:There is also an 2559:Ashura Procession 2535:in 1983, and the 2317:Sydney gang rapes 1810:Monash University 1730:ethnic identities 1592: 1591: 482:Equatorial Guinea 369: 368: 9792: 9785:Islam by country 9749:Pitcairn Islands 9719:French Polynesia 9704:Christmas Island 9633:Papua New Guinea 9613:Marshall Islands 9586:Sovereign states 9572: 9565: 9558: 9549: 9548: 9450: 9443: 9436: 9427: 9426: 9422: 9347: 9288:Cleland, Bilal. 9277:(1–2): 165–185. 9256: 9254: 9252: 9246: 9239: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9155:Researchers @MQU 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9077: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8983: 8966: 8957: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8934:. Archived from 8923: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8875: 8869:. Archived from 8858: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8798: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8683: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8657: 8651: 8650: 8639: 8630: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8569:. Archived from 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8526:on 25 April 2013 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8496:. Archived from 8490: 8484: 8483: 8477: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8325:on 10 March 2016 8324: 8313: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8264: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8219:"Arkana College" 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8157: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8083: 8076: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7969: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7762:(1–2): 165–185. 7747: 7741: 7740: 7731: 7729: 7717: 7711: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7681: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7654: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7608: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7584: 7573: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7549:on 12 April 2023 7545:. Archived from 7535: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7512:. Archived from 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7450: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7369: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7256: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7045: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6864:on 30 March 2015 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6834: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6812: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6720:. Archived from 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6586: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6565:. Archived from 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6542:Sacred Footsteps 6533: 6527: 6526: 6508: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6408:. Archived from 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6030:. Archived from 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5798: 5785: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5760: 5754:. Archived from 5753: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5689: 5683: 5674: 5668: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5633: 5627: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5485: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5407: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5318: 5309: 5308: 5293:Religion Compass 5288: 5282: 5272: 5266: 5258:Murphy, Damien. 5256: 5250: 5246: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5154: 5148: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5128: 5104: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5051: 5045: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4988:on 11 April 2011 4987: 4980: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4955: 4948: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4920:. Archived from 4901: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4876: 4858: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4829: 4823:. Archived from 4816: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4784:. Archived from 4782:, Vol. 20, No. 1 4769: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4742:. Archived from 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4676:on 15 April 2012 4675: 4669:. Archived from 4668: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4609: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4585:Sunday Telegraph 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4437:. Archived from 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4377: 4339:Islam in Nigeria 4299:Islam by country 4283: 4281:Australia portal 4278: 4277: 4276: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4233:Shady Alsuleiman 4120:Mariam Veiszadeh 4036:, cricket player 3964:, spokesman for 3926:Shady Alsuleiman 3907:, cricket player 3830:, by Hanifa Deen 3570:Foreign Minister 3524:Lebanese Muslims 3463:is the majority 3423:Egyptian Muslims 3320:Albanian Muslims 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3093:have settled in 2881: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2732: 2693:. Amongst these 2661:Francis Brabazon 2579:Al Sadiq College 2162:multiculturalism 2154:Turkish citizens 2046:European descent 1924:with camels for 1894:Australian camel 1584: 1577: 1570: 1558:Islam portal 1556: 1555: 1554: 1515:Papua New Guinea 1480:Marshall Islands 1450:Christmas Island 1413:Northern Ireland 385: 375:Islam by country 371: 370: 361: 354: 347: 85:Afghan cameleers 80:Makassan Traders 61: 38: 37: 9800: 9799: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9790: 9789: 9770: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9691: 9685: 9668: 9662: 9643:Solomon Islands 9581: 9576: 9546: 9541: 9459: 9454: 9407:Muslim Journeys 9392: 9299:Muslim Journeys 9250: 9248: 9244: 9237: 9219: 9217:Further reading 9214: 9204: 9202: 9197: 9196: 9192: 9182: 9180: 9175: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9158: 9147: 9143: 9133: 9131: 9120: 9116: 9106: 9104: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9082: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9066: 9061:. 7 March 2015. 9057: 9056: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9004: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8981: 8975:www.anic.org.au 8967: 8960: 8955: 8951: 8941: 8939: 8938:on 5 April 2017 8924: 8920: 8910: 8908: 8896: 8889: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8867: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8834: 8832: 8822: 8818: 8808: 8806: 8796: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8737: 8733: 8726: 8702: 8698: 8690: 8684: 8680: 8670: 8668: 8659: 8658: 8654: 8641: 8640: 8633: 8624: 8620: 8612: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8595: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8576: 8574: 8561: 8560: 8556: 8548: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8500:on 30 July 2008 8492: 8491: 8487: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8443: 8442: 8438: 8428: 8426: 8414: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8375: 8373: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8347: 8343: 8342: 8338: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8296: 8282: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8265: 8261: 8251: 8249: 8237: 8233: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8191: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8155: 8149: 8145: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8118: 8116: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8050:Daily Telegraph 8041: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7996:on 5 March 2016 7988: 7987: 7983: 7938: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7909: 7905: 7897: 7890: 7886:, p. 1173. 7882: 7878: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7843: 7839: 7831: 7827: 7819: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7795: 7791: 7748: 7744: 7727: 7725: 7718: 7714: 7708:Wayback Machine 7695: 7691: 7675: 7674: 7667: 7665: 7658:"Archived copy" 7656: 7655: 7651: 7641: 7639: 7632: 7628: 7618: 7616: 7609: 7598: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7537: 7536: 7529: 7519: 7517: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7460:on 2 March 2008 7452: 7451: 7444: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7399: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7370: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7327: 7325: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7295: 7293: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7257: 7250: 7240: 7238: 7226: 7222: 7212: 7210: 7205: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7187:on 2 April 2015 7179: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7059: 7055: 7039: 7038: 7031: 7029: 7017: 7013: 7003: 7001: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6944:Daily Telegraph 6935: 6931: 6921: 6919: 6916:Daily Telegraph 6907: 6903: 6893: 6891: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6865: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6810: 6808: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6750:Daily Telegraph 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6718:The Global Mail 6710: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6682: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6627: 6626: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6600: 6596: 6580: 6579: 6572: 6570: 6563:"Archived copy" 6561: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6534: 6530: 6485: 6481: 6471: 6469: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6415: 6413: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6371: 6367: 6360: 6346: 6342: 6335: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6293: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6269: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6107: 6103: 6093: 6091: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 6008:on 5 March 2016 6000: 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5970: 5969: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5883: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5799:on 18 June 2013 5796: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5690: 5686: 5675: 5671: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5634: 5630: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5570: 5563: 5553: 5551: 5544: 5540: 5533: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5463:, pp. 1–3. 5459: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5408: 5395: 5391:, pp. 186. 5387: 5383: 5376: 5360: 5356: 5348: 5344: 5337: 5319: 5312: 5289: 5285: 5273: 5269: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5105: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5052: 5048: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4956:on 23 July 2011 4953: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4927: 4925: 4918: 4902: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4856: 4850: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4830:on 11 June 2011 4827: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4788:on 2 April 2015 4770: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4746:on 2 April 2015 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4708: 4704: 4687: 4686: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4664:"Archived copy" 4662: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4508: 4494: 4490: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4459: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4362: 4354:Islam in Russia 4279: 4274: 4272: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4070:Anthony Mundine 4048:, soccer player 4040:Mansour Leghaei 3962:Wassim Doureihi 3921:Afghan cameleer 3882: 3878:Main category: 3876: 3852:Veiled Ambition 3847:SBS independent 3842:Veiled Ambition 3810:Fear and Hatred 3793: 3780: 3765: 3759: 3743:Ayaan Hirsi Ali 3689:White Australia 3666: 3660: 3648: 3642: 3623: 3617: 3615:Turkish Muslims 3596: 3590: 3532: 3526: 3514: 3512:Kurdish Muslims 3483: 3477: 3457: 3451: 3431: 3425: 3389: 3383: 3381:Bosnian Muslims 3363:Tablighi Jamaat 3354: 3348: 3328: 3322: 3299:Anthony Mundine 3282: 3276: 3268: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3258: Fiji (2%) 3255: 3253: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3155:South-East Asia 3021:New South Wales 2981: 2863: 2858: 2848: 2830: 2824: 2778: 2772: 2753:Turkish Cypriot 2749:Sunshine Mosque 2718: 2715: 2703: 2687:Wayback Machine 2629: 2619:, who practice 2571: 2548:Mansour Leghaei 2529:al-Zahra Mosque 2497: 2471:Tablighi Jamaat 2417: 2411:as minorities. 2393: 2387: 2325:violent rioting 2238: 2194: 2135:another in 1985 2096: 2006: 1922:South Australia 1870: 1860: 1780: 1743: 1738: 1613:self-identified 1588: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1544: 1525:Solomon Islands 1440: 1430: 1429: 1326:North Macedonia 1176: 1166: 1165: 981: 971: 970: 704: 694: 693: 402: 392: 365: 336: 301: 218: 157: 123:List of mosques 109: 32:South Australia 24:Adelaide Mosque 12: 11: 5: 9798: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9765: 9764: 9762: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9739:Norfolk Island 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9699:American Samoa 9695: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9683: 9678: 9672: 9670: 9669:of New Zealand 9664: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9589: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9575: 9574: 9567: 9560: 9552: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9501: 9500: 9490: 9485: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9453: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9410: 9404: 9399: 9391: 9390:External links 9388: 9387: 9386: 9383: 9372: 9365: 9362: 9355: 9348: 9330:(2): 193–223. 9317: 9312:Kabir, Nahid. 9310: 9302: 9297:Deen, Hanifa. 9295: 9286: 9263: 9257: 9230: 9227: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9212: 9190: 9168: 9141: 9114: 9088: 9064: 9050: 9024: 8995: 8958: 8949: 8918: 8905:The Australian 8887: 8865: 8842: 8830:The Australian 8816: 8802:The Australian 8785: 8772:The Australian 8757: 8731: 8724: 8696: 8678: 8667:. 16 June 2004 8652: 8631: 8618: 8601: 8584: 8554: 8537: 8511: 8485: 8464: 8436: 8408: 8383: 8353: 8336: 8300: 8294: 8276: 8259: 8246:The Australian 8231: 8210: 8189: 8172: 8143: 8126: 8095: 8063: 8035: 8022:The Australian 8007: 7981: 7932: 7903: 7901:, p. 187. 7888: 7876: 7869: 7849: 7837: 7825: 7813: 7801: 7789: 7742: 7712: 7689: 7649: 7626: 7596: 7560: 7527: 7497: 7471: 7442: 7418: 7392: 7361: 7335: 7303: 7277: 7248: 7220: 7198: 7172: 7150: 7129: 7108: 7081: 7068:The Australian 7053: 7011: 6983: 6957: 6929: 6901: 6890:on 3 June 2014 6875: 6849: 6821: 6791: 6763: 6735: 6704: 6676: 6648: 6620: 6594: 6554: 6528: 6479: 6451: 6440:. 1 March 2014 6423: 6393: 6365: 6358: 6340: 6333: 6315: 6287: 6262: 6249:The Australian 6234: 6206: 6180: 6154: 6129: 6116:The Australian 6101: 6071: 6060:. 15 June 2015 6045: 6019: 5993: 5960: 5933: 5920:The Australian 5905: 5892:The Australian 5874: 5842: 5828: 5810: 5772: 5740: 5726:The Australian 5712: 5684: 5669: 5654: 5628: 5613: 5591: 5561: 5538: 5531: 5509: 5502: 5477: 5465: 5453: 5441: 5429: 5422: 5393: 5381: 5374: 5354: 5342: 5335: 5310: 5283: 5267: 5251: 5241: 5221: 5195: 5149: 5140: 5119:(1): 115–135. 5096: 5073: 5062:on 8 July 2011 5046: 5026: 5019: 4999: 4967: 4935: 4916: 4887: 4841: 4799: 4757: 4725: 4702: 4650: 4623: 4610: 4597: 4571: 4540: 4533: 4513: 4507:978-1610692502 4506: 4488: 4470: 4452: 4435:www.abs.gov.au 4422: 4411:. 21 June 2012 4400: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4324:Islam in China 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4270: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4230: 4209: 4200: 4194:Yahya El Hindi 4191: 4185: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4126:Samina Yasmeen 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4086:Mohammed Omran 4083: 4077: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4052:Hazem El-Masri 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4010: 4007:Nazeem Hussain 4004: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3966:Hizb ut-Tahrir 3959: 3956:Mehreen Faruqi 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3883: 3875: 3872: 3838: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3792: 3789: 3779: 3776: 3761:Main article: 3758: 3755: 3659: 3658:Discrimination 3656: 3641: 3638: 3616: 3613: 3589: 3588:Somali Muslims 3586: 3525: 3522: 3513: 3510: 3476: 3473: 3450: 3447: 3435:Arkana College 3424: 3421: 3382: 3379: 3367:Hizb ut-Tahrir 3347: 3344: 3321: 3318: 3275: 3272: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3163:Meadow Heights 3009:Greater Sydney 2980: 2977: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2862: 2859: 2847: 2844: 2826:Main article: 2823: 2820: 2786:Hizb ut-Tahrir 2774:Main article: 2771: 2768: 2714: 2713:Religious life 2711: 2702: 2699: 2628: 2625: 2570: 2567: 2496: 2493: 2475:Al Noor Masjid 2416: 2413: 2386: 2383: 2373:The Australian 2370:An article in 2237: 2234: 2225:First Gulf War 2193: 2190: 2095: 2092: 2057:Ottoman Empire 2031:philanthropist 2005: 2002: 1859: 1856: 1844:Norfolk Island 1837:convict period 1817:Anthropologist 1776:Main article: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1726:linguistically 1590: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1403:United Kingdom 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 982: 977: 976: 973: 972: 969: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 827: 826: 821: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 705: 700: 699: 696: 695: 692: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 590: 589: 587:Western Sahara 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 403: 398: 397: 394: 393: 386: 378: 377: 367: 366: 364: 363: 356: 349: 341: 338: 337: 335: 334: 329: 323: 320: 319: 315: 314: 308: 307: 303: 302: 300: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 228: 225: 224: 220: 219: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 170: 164: 163: 159: 158: 156: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 128:Lakemba Mosque 125: 119: 116: 115: 111: 110: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 71: 68: 67: 63: 62: 54: 53: 47: 46: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9797: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9734:New Caledonia 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9714:Easter Island 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9688: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9665: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9573: 9568: 9566: 9561: 9559: 9554: 9553: 9550: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9493:Protestantism 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9446: 9444: 9439: 9437: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9384: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9356: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9324: 9318: 9315: 9311: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9300: 9296: 9293: 9292: 9287: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9258: 9243: 9236: 9231: 9228: 9225: 9221: 9220: 9200: 9194: 9178: 9172: 9156: 9152: 9145: 9129: 9125: 9118: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9081: 9074: 9068: 9060: 9054: 9039: 9035: 9028: 9013: 9009: 9002: 9000: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8965: 8963: 8953: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8922: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8894: 8892: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8855: 8854: 8846: 8831: 8827: 8820: 8804: 8803: 8795: 8789: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8761: 8746: 8742: 8735: 8727: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8712: 8707: 8700: 8689: 8682: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8636: 8628: 8622: 8611: 8605: 8594: 8588: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8547: 8541: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8481: 8474: 8468: 8452: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8412: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8346: 8340: 8321: 8317: 8310: 8304: 8297: 8295:1-86508-864-1 8291: 8287: 8280: 8269: 8263: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8235: 8220: 8214: 8199: 8193: 8182: 8176: 8161: 8154: 8147: 8136: 8130: 8115: 8114: 8113:Eureka Street 8109: 8105: 8099: 8080: 8073: 8067: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8039: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8011: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7977: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7936: 7920: 7916: 7915: 7907: 7900: 7895: 7893: 7885: 7880: 7872: 7870:9780522875829 7866: 7862: 7861: 7853: 7846: 7841: 7835:, p. 53. 7834: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7798: 7793: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7746: 7739: 7737: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7698: 7693: 7685: 7679: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7637: 7630: 7614: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7581: 7577: 7570: 7564: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7532: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7447: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7406: 7402: 7396: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7366: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7323: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7307: 7292: 7288: 7281: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7253: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7208: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7160: 7154: 7139: 7133: 7118: 7112: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7085: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7057: 7049: 7043: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7015: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6933: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6838: 6837:Ro.uow.edu.au 6831: 6825: 6818: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6739: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6708: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6680: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6652: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6590: 6584: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6483: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6455: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6427: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6369: 6361: 6359:9789004288065 6355: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6334:9780521413114 6330: 6326: 6319: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6291: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6238: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6210: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6105: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5909: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5881: 5879: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5831: 5829:9780765641380 5825: 5821: 5814: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5782: 5776: 5757: 5750: 5744: 5729:. 23 May 2015 5728: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5663: 5658: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5622: 5617: 5601: 5595: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5566: 5549: 5542: 5534: 5532:9780868405803 5528: 5524: 5520: 5513: 5505: 5503:9783658138899 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5482: 5475:, p. 27. 5474: 5469: 5462: 5457: 5450: 5445: 5439:, p. 35. 5438: 5433: 5425: 5423:9780521807890 5419: 5415: 5414: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5390: 5385: 5377: 5375:9780646521824 5371: 5367: 5366: 5358: 5352:, p. 98. 5351: 5346: 5338: 5336:9780868405803 5332: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5315: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5281: 5280:0-19-554976-7 5277: 5271: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5244: 5242:9781862547780 5238: 5234: 5233: 5225: 5210: 5206: 5199: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5144: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5101: 5084: 5077: 5061: 5057: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5022: 5020:9780868405803 5016: 5012: 5011: 5003: 4984: 4977: 4971: 4952: 4945: 4939: 4923: 4919: 4917:9781136215063 4913: 4910:. Routledge. 4909: 4908: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4846: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4813: 4806: 4804: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4713: 4706: 4697: 4691: 4672: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4604: 4602: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4547: 4545: 4536: 4534:9781598842043 4530: 4526: 4525: 4517: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4410: 4404: 4389: 4382: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334:Islam in Iran 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4271: 4268: 4257: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4144:Samier Dandan 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4064:Feiz Mohammad 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4046:Rashid Mahazi 4044: 4042:, Shia sheikh 4041: 4038: 4035: 4034:Usman Khawaja 4032: 4030:, businessman 4029: 4026: 4024:, businessman 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017:Mustafa Hamid 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3977:Mamdouh Habib 3975: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3917:Mahomet Allum 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3867:Ali's Wedding 3863: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3775: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3751:Festival Hall 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3717:working class 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3694: 3693:multicultural 3690: 3685: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3647: 3640:Malay Muslims 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3605: 3602:community in 3601: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3521: 3518: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3490:Iran–Iraq War 3487: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3393: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3271: 3193: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3167:Roxburgh Park 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3017:Greater Perth 3014: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2993: 2985: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2878: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2770:Organisations 2767: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727:as the first 2726: 2722: 2719:In 1988, the 2710: 2708: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2680:Naqshbandiyya 2677: 2673: 2668: 2666: 2663:, student of 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2602:Dawoodi Bohra 2599: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2479:Omar El-Banna 2476: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2088: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2029:, healer and 2028: 2024: 2023:Mahomet Allum 2015: 2010: 2001: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1945:Alice Springs 1937: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1883: 1880:in cemetery, 1879: 1876:19th-century 1874: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827:A number of " 1825: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1806:Yolngu people 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1741:Prior to 1860 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1495:New Caledonia 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1286:Liechtenstein 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 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