132:
120:
92:
105:
1355:
Quijorna, while the eastern force took some ground east of the
Guadarrama. The Republican troops defended their position stubbornly. The fighting west of Quijorna was particularly fierce. There Republican units made several countercharges, trying to recapture the hills which they had lost. The fighting in the air was also unusually heavy, as both sides threw large number of aircraft into the struggle: at one time around 80 Nationalist aircraft were involved in a massive dogfight with some 60 opponents. (On this day the British poet
1326:, was killed by bomb fragments the day after.) At this moment, the Republicans held Brunete and had cut the Extremadura road. And the offensive had indeed relieved the Nationalist pressure on the Basque country, and it had proved to friend and foe that the Republican forces were rapidly increasing in both strength and capacity. At the same time the Nationalists had prevented their forces besieging Madrid from being cut off and with reinforcements having arrived were able to prepare to counterattack.
1391:
of the city. A counterattack supported by tanks had no success. On the afternoon the attackers entered
Brunete, while the remnants of LĂster's 11th Division retreated to positions just north of the city, clustering around the cemetery. At the same time the Nationalist east group managed to widen their breach on the Guadarrama. Miaja rushed reinforcements from Madrid, and the Republican 14th Division commanded by
37:
983:
demonstrated by
Republican formation commanders, along with problems involving all-arms coordination (particularly Republican air support), would, however, cause significant issues. The offensive was meant as a surprise attack, and the Nationalists were indeed caught unaware – despite the fact that "it had been discussed in the cafés of the Republic for three months".
1390:
On July 24 the
Nationalists started attacking from the south towards Brunete in earnest. They had managed to concentrate some 65 artillery batteries at this part of the front, against a mere 22 Republican. With this support plus bombing from the air the Nationalist breached the Republican lines south
1381:
towards the south-east. While the see-saw battle raged on the eastern flank of the salient, the
Republican forces on the west side held their ground, despite heavy attacks concentrated mainly on the terrain around Quijorna. However, on July 23 the eastern forces finally made a major breakthrough, and
1345:
The nationalist commander general Varela planned to retake the terrain lost to the
Republicans with a three-pronged attack. The main force consisted of some 20.000 men, that would attack from the west of the salient towards Quijorna. At the same time another force of some 10.000 men would strike from
1248:
The
Republican insistence on reducing pockets of resistance, rather than bypassing them, gave the Nationalists time to bring up fresh reserves. On the afternoon Nationalist aircraft shifted from the Northern Front started to arrive, and they immediately went into action. Varela was also told that all
1202:
The
Nationalists placed overall command of the battle in General Varela. During the morning all available manpower was rushed into the faltering front line, these included personnel from local staffs, field hospitals and supply units, and by noon the 12th, 13th and 150th Divisions along with parts of
1376:
In order to stabilize the situation on the eastern side of the pocket Miaja ordered a counterattack along the
Guadarrama, which led to several days of bitter fighting in the stifling heat. The terrain initially taken by the Nationalists on July 20 switched hands several times. At the same time three
1273:
46th
Division. The original intent of the 35th Division was for it to be used in support of LĂster's attack through the center. Without the 35th Division, LĂster's 11th Division would be unable to advance any further. On the morning of July 9, two Republican brigades attacked at Quijorna, and, after
1317:
As large Nationalist ground and air reinforcements had arrived to the threatened front, and as the planned pincer movement from the Carabanchel area south of Madrid had failed to make any impression, the Republican offensive was clearly grinding to a halt. Some minor diversionary attacks were still
1304:
The Republicans were able to trap the Nationalist garrison in Villafranca del Castillo, forcing General Varela to send the 5th Brigade of Navarre to relieve the pressure. The arrival of the Navarrese tipped the balance in favor of the Nationalists as the Republicans were forced from their positions
1210:
Later that day the Republican attacks by the 34th and the 46th Divisions on the flanks of LĂster's 11th Division stalled upon meeting fierce resistance by the Nationalists and forced LĂster to halt his advance south of Brunete. Attempts by the Republican forces to widen the gap by attacking towards
1329:
The Republican forces had suffered big losses, not only from the actual fighting, but also due to the extreme heat, which, combined with lack of water, had incapacitated many soldiers. Many brigades had lost between 40–60% of their numbers – killed, wounded, sick and missing – and one brigade (the
982:
The offensive had been preceded both by major reorganizations of the government's forces as well as an influx of modern war material, mainly from the Soviet Union. Nine new brigades had been set up, and the number of heavy machine guns in the units had been increased. The command control expertise
958:
demands and to prove to the Russians that the Spanish possessed military initiative. In fact, Russian advisors had been pressing for an attack on Brunete since the spring of 1937. Furthermore, assistance from the Soviet Union had decreased due to the successful blockade of Republican ports by the
1104:
The site of the offensive was well chosen. Initially facing the Republican attack was not a continuous Nationalist line of defense but (as in many parts of Spain in the initial phase of the war) a series of outposts in villages, defended by small detachments able to take the terrain between the
1300:
On July 10 Villanueva del Pardillo was taken by the XIIth International Brigade of Durán's 69th Division, supported by tanks. Some 500 defenders with weapons, ammunition and material were captured. Villafranca del Castillo was slowly being surrounded by Enciso's 10th Division and Kléber's 45th
1218:
Thus far the offensive had almost exclusively been carried out by the V Army Corps. The Republican command seems to have been surprised by their initial success, and there was obviously some confusion which meant that the deployment of XVIII Army Corps was delayed. (This confusion was probably
978:
The Brunette offensive followed two previous Republican offensives, one at Huesca in Aragon, a second in the area of Segovia, northwest of Madrid, both of which had failed. Despite these setbacks, the Brunette offensive was the subject of significant planning by Soviet officials supporting the
1395:
made yet another counterattack, but it failed, and on July 25 the defenders from the 11th Division around and on the cemetery – which included the division commander LĂster himself – withdrew from their positions. After this there were no more large-scale attacks in the battle – save for some
1354:
The counteroffensive started early that morning with a lengthy artillery barrage over the Republican front lines, together with heavy aerial attacks by Nationalist air units. However the Nationalists made only small gains this day: the western group managed to capture some hills northwest of
979:
Republican military; in addition, it received significant combat resources, the Republicans deploying some 50,000 troops, including five of the International Brigades. Whether logistic planning for the attack matched planned combat operations remains a matter of historical contention.
1278:
initially made progress, but even though the assaulting units were well supported by tanks, armoured cars and aircraft their losses were so high that the attacks stranded. The fighting continued though, especially on and around the so-called Mosquito ridge in front of the village.
1265:
quickly eliminated the gains made by the Republicans. Meanwhile, the nationalist position at the village of Quijorna on the Republican right flank continued to hold out. The attack south of Madrid was renewed, but failed once again. Nothing more came of this part of the plan.
1241:
To allow Gal's 15th Division to continue towards Boadilla on the Republican left flank, the 10th Division under Enciso attacked Asensio's 12th Division defending the Mocha Ridge. The Nationalist troops there were driven back and they fell back to the hills near Boadilla.
1261:. It was performed in the morning hours. After crossing the river the 15th Division assaulted the newly fortified positions held by the 12th Division for two days. All of the attacks were repulsed and when an attack did succeed in evicting the Nationalist defenders, a
1411:
During the final days of the battle there were clear signs of the morale cracking on the Republican side, due to both exhaustion and the often terrible losses. Even among the volunteer International Brigades there were grumbling, insubordination and outright desertion.
1301:
Division. Colonel Jurado made plans for an assault on the village on July 11, but he became ill and was replaced with Colonel Casado. Citing poor morale and fatigue, Casado requested to cancel the attack, but General Miaja ordered for the attack to proceed as planned.
1193:
the Nationalist positions using artillery and air power, plus targets in the rear, including the local Nationalist HQ at Navalcarnero. Immediately after the bombardment, the Republican 11th Division commanded by LĂster advanced 8 kilometres (5 mi) and
1367:
The three pronged attack by the Nationalists failed to achieve any substantial gains on July 19, but the next day the eastern forces, heavily supported by aerial units, managed to make some gains on the east side of the salient, close to the Guadarrama.
1308:
The activity in the air was very high, as more and more Nationalist air units were committed to the fight. It was not uncommon to see aircraft in groups of thirty or more appear over the battlefield, and clash with equally big squadrons of opponents.
1105:
outposts under flanking fire. This part of the front was part of the Nationalist Army of the Center, under the command of General Andrés Saliquet Zumeta. However, pretty soon after the battle had started the overall command was shifted to General
986:
The terrain where the battle was to be fought is pretty hilly, with many ridges and small creeks, but for the most part open, and thus accessible to the Republicans new Soviet tanks, which they now intended to put to their first full use.
1198:
Brunete. The Nationalist forces there were completely taken by surprise, and it wasn't until the morning attacks started that they realised the full extent of the Republican operation. Brunete fell to the Republicans by noon.
942:
Madrid, defeat here perhaps even forcing the Nationalsts to withdraw. Once Brunete had been taken, and after some reorganization, the plan was that the offensive would then in a second phase continue in the direction of
1431:
The losses of men and equipment in the battle were much heavier for the Republicans than the Nationalists. Indeed, the Republican army lost much of its indispensable equipment and so many of their best soldiers in the
1188:
The first attacks started already during the night of July 5/6, with Republican forces in the cover of darkness penetrating deep into the thinly held Nationalist lines. At daybreak on July 6, the Republicans
1475:
1470:
947:, a move that would eventually cut off the Nationalist forces outside Madrid. At the same times as the offensive on Brunete started an enveloping attack would be launched from the
1219:
compounded by the fact that many non-communists and regular army officers were reported to be sceptical towards the whole enterprise, which probably made them over-cautious.)
1245:
Outside Brunete the day was spent in inconclusive and incoherent fights. The bombardments in the dry landscape, that was parched by the heat, resulted in many wildfires.
731:
709:
930:
to divert Nationalist forces from the north and allow the fleeing Republicans time to reorganize. In addition, Brunete was also chosen because it was situated on the
688:
244:
1439:
Politically, the communists suffered a loss of prestige because the offensive failed to stop the Nationalist troops from completing the conquest of the north.
570:
436:
1346:
the east from Boadilla del Monte towards and over the Guadarrama river. Finally some 8.000 men would also attack from the south, towards Brunete itself.
1286:
was very active, attacking both ground targets and rebel-held airfields. But the Republican planes were slow and obsolete, which would assure the German
1234:
and the British Battalion of the XVth Brigade managed to clear the village of Nationalists by 7 am on July 7. The Nationalists in the nearby villages of
1215:. The assault on Quijorna was then reinforced by tanks and given the support of both artillery and air assets, but the attackers were again repulsed.
1257:
During the night of the 7/8 July general Miaja committed his reserve, the XVIII Army Corps, in an attack towards the east, in the direction of the
1222:
The planned east-wing of the enveloping attack, from Carabanchel south of Madrid, never broke the enemy line, despite heavy artillery bombardment.
1408:
was fatally wounded when the car she was riding in was hit by a Republican tank more or less out of control due to a Nationalist air attack.)
1839:
1274:
taking heavy casualties, they were able to finally clear the village of Nationalist defenders. On the Republican left flank attacks towards
343:
237:
1499:
Richard K. Smith & R. Carghill Hall: "Five Down No Glory – Frank G. Tinker, Mercenary Ace of the Spanish Civil War". Annapolis 2011.
1871:
1915:
1400:
ordered them to halt so that troops could be moved north for the start of the offensive against the strategically important port of
1458:
1269:
With the Republican attack on the right flank of LĂster remaining held up at Quijorna, Modesto ordered the 35th Division to assist
869:
308:
276:
975:. It was expected by the Republicans that a show of force at Brunete would persuade France to open its border for arms shipments.
1424:
failed to cut the Extremadura road, but they still held Villanueva de la Cañada, Quijorna and Villanueva del Pardillo from the
829:
702:
302:
296:
230:
532:
431:
1396:
ineffectual Republican attempts to counterattacks – and the fighting petered out. Varela wanted to continue his attacks but
1382:
managed to fight their way across the Guadarrama, close to the place where the small Aulencia flows into the larger river.
822:
1920:
1305:
and fled back across the Guadarrama River. A Nationalist attempt to recapture Villanueva del Pardillo on July 11 failed.
269:
1848:
1705:
508:
522:
475:
1337:
The exhausted Republicans dug in and waited for the Nationalist counterattack that they knew probably would come.
314:
955:
441:
468:
402:
515:
451:
336:
1283:
329:
1793:
Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 275
1454:
status to Germany and acquiesced in sending raw materials to Germany as repayment for the debt incurred.
793:
719:
632:
1160:
1925:
288:
1231:
968:
746:
527:
1930:
1331:
1140:
683:
673:
546:
284:
773:
639:
1935:
1323:
858:
751:
678:
392:
1836:
1421:
1359:
was killed by bomb fragments, whilst driving an ambulance for a volunteer British Medical Unit.)
1235:
1004:
891:
805:
788:
446:
96:
1858:
654:
360:
1910:
1433:
1249:
attacks up north had been suspended, to allow ground units to be rushed to the Brunete sector.
1168:
1164:
426:
377:
109:
1106:
967:
that the Spanish Republic was still capable of military action after the disastrous losses of
167:
1089:
1050:
1028:
1018:
907:
853:
843:
783:
552:
372:
1032:
382:
944:
736:
558:
480:
413:
366:
349:
1040:
848:
407:
8:
1451:
1378:
1015:
with some 22,000 soldiers (among them five of the International Brigades) and 100 tanks:
837:
810:
778:
756:
611:
599:
587:
1318:
performed, but on July 15 general Miaja finally ordered an end to the offensive. (Major
456:
387:
1275:
1258:
1172:
935:
914:
after Nationalist counterattacks, and suffered devastating casualties from the battle.
863:
799:
768:
714:
667:
605:
582:
355:
162:
1071:
620:
1831:
1701:
1490:
Jose Manuel Martinez Bande: "La ofensiva sobre Segovia y la batalla de Brunete". 1972
1425:
1054:
964:
903:
895:
762:
644:
494:
397:
254:
28:
1022:
419:
319:
1401:
1397:
972:
817:
725:
694:
649:
592:
564:
540:
501:
485:
1116:
71st Division, led by Colonel Ricardo Serrador Santés. It was composed chiefly of
1843:
1230:
The Republican Colonel Jurado diverted the 15th Division to end the stalemate at
1147:
741:
576:
462:
324:
124:
119:
1096:'s 69th Division. The reserve forces consisted of some 25,000 men and 40 tanks.
1853:
960:
1904:
1886:
1873:
1447:
1392:
1319:
1288:
1262:
1204:
1093:
1085:
1081:
954:
From a political standpoint, the offensive was chosen for Brunete to satisfy
144:
1863:
1130:
1000:
158:
1446:
to acquire favorable trade concessions because of the effectiveness of the
1443:
1195:
1064:
1012:
137:
1356:
1190:
948:
931:
1476:
List of Spanish Nationalist military equipment of the Spanish Civil War
1405:
1493:
Manuel Aznar: "Historia Militar de la Guerra de Espana", 3 vols. 1969.
1471:
List of Spanish Republican military equipment of the Spanish Civil War
926:
by the Nationalists on June 19, the Republicans devised the attack on
1117:
899:
1442:
The frenetic conditions at Brunete for the Nationalists enabled the
222:
36:
1212:
626:
1428:. From this point of view, both sides were able to claim victory.
1113:
The VII Army Corps commanded by General José Varela consisted of:
934:
road and its capture would make it harder for the Nationalists to
1377:
Republican Brigades supported by 20 tanks made a small push from
927:
911:
62:
1436:
that the battle can be seen as a strategic Nationalist victory.
1159:
Transferred to the front were the 150th Division led by General
906:. Although initially successful, the Republicans were forced to
1334:) is said to have lost 80% of their manpower during this week.
923:
887:
1121:
939:
91:
1292:
almost total control of the air as the battle would unfold.
886:(6–25 July 1937), fought 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of
1496:
Jesus Salas Larrazabal: "Air War over Spain". London 1974.
1136:
11th Division, led by General José Iruretagoyena Solchaga.
1129:
The I Army Corps commanded during the battle by Colonel
1669:
The Battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War: 1936–1939.
1656:
The Battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War: 1936–1939.
1617:
The Battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War: 1936–1939.
1578:
The Battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War: 1936–1939.
1539:
The Battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War: 1936–1939.
1457:
Later the battle was commemorated in the name given to
1817:
The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939.
188:
Beevor: 50 bombers, 90 fighters (only 50 serviceable)
1487:
Hugh Thomas: "The Spanish Civil War". New York 1961.
1238:
and Villafranca del Castillo continued to hold out.
1606:
Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 394
1593:
Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 394
1554:
Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 394
1604:The Spanish Republic and the Civil War,1931–1939.
1591:The Spanish Republic and the Civil War,1931–1939.
1552:The Spanish Republic and the Civil War,1931–1939.
894:attempt to alleviate the pressure exerted by the
1902:
1153:14th Division, led by Colonel Juan YagĂĽe Blanco.
1109:. The units that fought during the battle were:
1049:XVIII Army Corps commanded initially by Colonel
1207:were on their way to help bolster the defense.
1685:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 68.
1060:10th Division, led by Major José Maria Enciso.
1167:led by Colonel Juan Bautista Sánchez and the
238:
1340:
1854:Spanish short film on the Battle on YouTube
1700:. London: Butler and Tanner. p. 278.
1404:. (On July 25 the German war photographer
245:
231:
1832:Spartacus Educational – Battle of Brunete
128:
1819:Penguin Books. London. 2006. pp. 284–285
437:Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza
1211:the west was also stopped, in front of
1178:
1903:
1695:
963:needed to convince the French Premier
1680:
252:
226:
1859:Gerda Taro and the Battle of Brunete
16:1937 battle of the Spanish Civil War
1671:Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 284
1658:Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 284
1645:Penguin books. London. 2006. p. 694
1632:Penguin books. London. 2006. p. 689
1619:Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 278
1580:Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 278
1567:Penguin books. London. 2006. p. 689
1541:Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 278
1528:Penguin books. London. 2006. p. 689
1509:
13:
1720:
14:
1947:
1837:www.international-brigades.org.uk
1825:
1515:Antony Beevor (2006), pp. 284–285
1459:Armoured Division No. 1 "Brunete"
1916:Battles of the Spanish Civil War
1420:At the close of the battle, the
130:
118:
103:
90:
41:Map of the Battle of the Brunete
35:
1809:
1796:
1787:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1714:
1689:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1322:, a battalion commander in the
1099:
1609:
1596:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1518:
1146:13th Division, led by General
1139:12th Division, led by General
1070:34th Division, led by Colonel
1063:15th Division, led by Colonel
995:
1:
1762:Beevor, op. cit., pp. 278-279
1481:
1385:
1371:
1362:
1312:
1295:
990:
210:10,000–15,000 dead or wounded
1415:
1284:Spanish Republican Air Force
1107:José Enrique Varela Iglesias
7:
1464:
1461:, formed in the mid-1940s.
1450:. The Nationalists granted
1252:
951:area just south of Madrid.
10:
1952:
1921:Military history of Madrid
1349:
1011:V Army Corps commanded by
961:Prime Minister Juan NegrĂn
917:
898:on the capital and on the
1341:Nationalist counterattack
1225:
1183:
1141:Carlos Asensio Cabanillas
264:
204:
173:
152:
82:
45:
34:
26:
21:
1681:Puzzo, Dante A. (1969).
1503:
1324:XV International Brigade
1282:In the first attack the
1120:and approximately 1,000
1003:initially commanded two
184:Jackson: 50,000 infantry
1696:Beevor, Antony (2006).
1236:Villanueva del Pardillo
1232:Villanueva de la Cañada
1148:Fernando BarrĂłn y Ortiz
1005:Spanish Republican Army
1864:Spanish Civil War blog
1771:Beevor, op.cit., p.279
1744:Beevor, op.cit., p.278
1643:The Spanish Civil War.
1630:The Spanish Civil War.
1565:The Spanish Civil War.
1526:The Spanish Civil War.
1434:International Brigades
1169:5th Brigade of Navarre
1165:4th Brigade of Navarre
1057:with some 20,000 men:
1038:46th Division, led by
823:Sant Vicenç de Calders
190:Jackson: 100 aircraft
153:Commanders and leaders
110:International Brigades
1849:spanish-civil-war.org
1804:The Spanish Civil War
1784:, London 1974, p. 588
1782:The Spanish Civil War
1683:The Spanish Civil War
922:After the capture of
373:Convoy de la Victoria
315:Cuartel de la Montaña
215:7,000 dead or wounded
205:Casualties and losses
1806:London. 1974. p. 588
1753:Puzzo, op.cit., p.68
1698:The Battle for Spain
1179:Republican offensive
1013:Colonel Juan Modesto
945:Talavera de la Reina
469:Ciudad Universitaria
186:Thomas: 300 aircraft
1883: /
1735:Puzo, op.cit., p.67
1452:most favored nation
344:German intervention
1887:40.4000°N 3.9833°W
1842:2014-02-02 at the
1589:Jackson, Gabriel.
1550:Jackson, Gabriel.
1276:Boadilla del Monte
1084:'s 14th Division,
1065:Janos "Gal" Galicz
285:July 1936 uprising
163:Vicente Rojo Lluch
1926:Conflicts in 1937
1131:Juan YagĂĽe Blanco
1055:Segismundo Casado
965:Camille Chautemps
904:Spanish Civil War
884:Battle of Brunete
879:
878:
330:Cuartel de Loyola
256:Spanish Civil War
221:
220:
125:Nationalist Spain
78:
77:
29:Spanish Civil War
22:Battle of Brunete
1943:
1931:July 1937 events
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:40.4000; -3.9833
1888:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1820:
1815:Beevor, Antony.
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1667:Beevor, Antony.
1665:
1659:
1654:Beevor, Antony.
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1615:Beevor, Antony.
1613:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1576:Beevor, Antony.
1574:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1542:
1537:Beevor, Antony.
1535:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1386:July 24–25
1372:July 21–23
1363:July 19–20
1313:July 12–17
1296:July 10–11
1259:Guadarrama River
1161:Sáenz de Buruaga
1080:In reserve were
565:War in the North
523:3rd Corunna Road
509:2nd Corunna Road
476:1st Corunna Road
403:Sierra Guadalupe
259:
257:
247:
240:
233:
224:
223:
140:
136:
134:
133:
123:
122:
108:
107:
106:
97:Spanish Republic
95:
94:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1936:1930s in Madrid
1901:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1844:Wayback Machine
1828:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1484:
1467:
1418:
1388:
1374:
1365:
1352:
1343:
1315:
1298:
1255:
1228:
1186:
1181:
1171:led by Colonel
1102:
1072:Francisco Galán
998:
993:
920:
880:
875:
870:Final offensive
547:Cape Machichaco
277:List of battles
260:
255:
253:
251:
216:
212:60–100 aircraft
211:
199:
198:65,000 infantry
194:
191:
189:
187:
185:
183:
181:
161:
131:
129:
127:
117:
104:
102:
89:
66:
53:July 6–25, 1937
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1834:
1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1822:
1821:
1808:
1802:Thomas, Hugh.
1795:
1786:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1725:. p. 278.
1713:
1706:
1688:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1641:Thomas, Hugh.
1634:
1628:Thomas, Hugh.
1621:
1608:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1563:Thomas, Hugh.
1556:
1543:
1530:
1524:Thomas, Hugh.
1517:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1417:
1414:
1387:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1314:
1311:
1297:
1294:
1271:El Campesino's
1254:
1253:July 8–9
1251:
1227:
1224:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1101:
1098:
1086:General Kléber
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1051:Enrique Jurado
1047:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1033:General Walter
1026:
1023:Enrique LĂster
997:
994:
992:
989:
959:Nationalists.
919:
916:
877:
876:
874:
873:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
833:
832:
826:
825:
820:
815:
808:
803:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
722:
717:
712:
706:
705:
699:
698:
691:
686:
681:
679:Cape Cherchell
676:
671:
664:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
630:
623:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
602:
597:
596:
595:
590:
585:
573:
571:Cantabrian Sea
561:
556:
549:
544:
537:
536:
535:
525:
519:
518:
512:
511:
506:
505:
504:
490:
483:
478:
473:
472:
471:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
423:
422:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
363:
358:
353:
346:
340:
339:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
305:
300:
292:
291:
281:
280:
273:
265:
262:
261:
250:
249:
242:
235:
227:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
202:
201:
196:
182:Beevor: 70,000
180:Thomas: 85,000
176:
175:
171:
170:
165:
155:
154:
150:
149:
148:
147:
114:
113:
112:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1948:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:1937 in Spain
1909:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1790:
1783:
1780:Hugh Thomas:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1707:9780297848325
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:Condor Legion
1445:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1393:Cipriano Mera
1383:
1380:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1347:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:George Nathan
1310:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1289:Legion Condor
1285:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1263:counterattack
1260:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1205:Condor Legion
1200:
1197:
1192:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1097:
1095:
1094:Gustavo Duran
1091:
1090:45th Division
1087:
1083:
1082:Cipriano Mera
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:and later by
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:35th Division
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:11th Division
1017:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:General Miaja
988:
984:
980:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
952:
950:
946:
941:
938:their forces
937:
933:
929:
925:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
872:
871:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:
835:
834:
831:
828:
827:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:3rd Barcelona
735:
733:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:
665:
663:
662:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:
627:2nd Barcelona
624:
622:
619:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
603:
601:
598:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
574:
572:
569:
568:
567:
566:
562:
560:
557:
555:
554:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:
538:
534:
533:Road massacre
531:
530:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
496:
491:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
447:Cerro Muriano
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
351:
347:
345:
342:
341:
338:
335:
334:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:
309:1st Barcelona
306:
304:
301:
299:
298:
294:
293:
290:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
272:
271:
267:
266:
263:
258:
248:
243:
241:
236:
234:
229:
228:
225:
214:
209:
208:
203:
197:
192:
178:
177:
172:
169:
166:
164:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
145:Condor Legion
143:
142:
141:
139:
126:
121:
115:
111:
101:
100:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
73:
70:
69:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1868:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1716:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1456:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1426:Nationalists
1419:
1410:
1389:
1375:
1366:
1353:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1287:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1187:
1158:
1103:
1100:Nationalists
1079:
1041:El Campesino
1039:
999:
985:
981:
977:
953:
921:
896:Nationalists
883:
881:
868:
836:
811:
798:
774:Los Blázquez
761:
732:2nd Belchite
724:
693:
674:1st Belchite
666:
660:
659:
633:
625:
604:
575:
563:
551:
539:
493:
492:
486:
461:
452:Cape Spartel
427:Monte Pelado
412:
378:Almendralejo
365:
348:
307:
295:
275:
268:
200:105 aircraft
179:
116:
88:
83:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1890: /
1422:Republicans
1357:Julian Bell
1173:Alonso Vega
996:Republicans
949:Carabanchel
932:Extremadura
902:during the
844:Valsequillo
806:2nd Gandesa
752:1st Gandesa
634:Deutschland
553:Guadalajara
367:Extremadura
217:23 aircraft
168:José Varela
1905:Categories
1875:40°24′00″N
1482:References
1406:Gerda Taro
1133:included:
1118:Falangists
991:Combatants
892:Republican
854:La Garriga
794:2nd MĂ©rida
784:Granollers
747:2nd LĂ©rida
720:Cape Palos
710:Valladolid
689:1st LĂ©rida
684:Sabiñánigo
655:AlbarracĂn
559:Pozoblanco
481:Villarreal
388:1st MĂ©rida
350:Guadarrama
289:Revolution
270:Background
195:~130 tanks
159:José Miaja
74:Indecisive
1878:3°59′00″W
1602:Gabriel.
1416:Aftermath
1402:Santander
1379:Las Rozas
1196:encircled
1191:bombarded
1122:Moroccans
1031:, led by
1021:, led by
956:communist
940:besieging
864:Cartagena
838:Catalonia
812:Cantabria
612:El Mazuco
600:Santander
356:Andalusia
193:100 tanks
1840:Archived
1721:Beevor.
1465:See also
1213:Quijorna
936:resupply
890:, was a
779:Alicante
769:Balaguer
715:Alfambra
668:Zaragoza
606:Asturias
588:Guernica
495:Aceituna
432:Talavera
414:Gipuzkoa
383:SigĂĽenza
174:Strength
58:Location
1444:Germans
1350:July 18
1007:corps.
928:Brunete
918:Prelude
912:Brunete
908:retreat
859:Minorca
763:Levante
661:Brunete
645:Segovia
640:AlmerĂa
583:Durango
408:CĂłrdoba
398:Majorca
393:Badajoz
361:Alcázar
303:Seville
297:Melilla
138:Germany
65:, Spain
63:Brunete
1704:
1398:Franco
1226:July 7
1184:July 6
1163:, the
1092:, and
973:Bilbao
969:Málaga
924:Bilbao
888:Madrid
849:XĂ tiva
789:Bielsa
726:Aragon
695:Teruel
650:Huesca
593:Bilbao
577:Biscay
541:Jarama
528:Málaga
502:Lopera
487:Ursula
463:Madrid
457:Seseña
442:Guinea
325:Oviedo
135:
71:Result
1504:Notes
1332:XIVth
910:from
900:north
818:Cabra
757:Segre
742:Caspe
320:GijĂłn
1723:ibid
1702:ISBN
1203:the
971:and
882:The
830:1939
800:Ebro
703:1938
621:Jaén
516:1937
420:IrĂşn
337:1936
50:Date
1088:'s
1907::
1175:.
287:/
1710:.
1150:.
1143:.
1124:.
1074:.
1067:.
1044:.
1035:.
1025:.
246:e
239:t
232:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
