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given the honor of requesting the
American surrender by Knyphausen. Rall sent Captain Hohenstein, who spoke English and French, under a flag of truce to call for the fort's surrender. Hohenstein met with Cadwalader, and Cadwalader requested that Magaw be given four hours to consult with his officers. Hohenstein denied the request and gave the Americans a half hour to decide. As Magaw was consulting with his officers, Washington's messenger, Captain John Gooch arrived, just before the fort was completely surrounded, with Washington's request to hold out until nightfall. Magaw attempted to get easier terms for his men, who would only be allowed to keep their belongings, but this failed. Magaw announced his decision to capitulate at 3:00 pm, and at 4:00 pm, the American flag was brought down in the fort, replaced by the British flag. Before the surrender, John Gooch leaped off the side of the fort, tumbled to the bottom of the cliff, evaded musket fire and bayonet stabs, and got onto a boat, arriving at Fort Lee a short while later.
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893:, moved up the steep hillside south of Spuyten Duyvil Creek against almost no resistance from the Americans. The Hessians began to bring up their artillery. At this point, the main body of Hessians, 4,000 men, under Knyphausen began to advance down the Post Road, which ran between Laurel Hill and the hill Rall was on. The Hessians crossed swampy land and when they approached the wooded hillside near the fort, they were fired upon by 250 riflemen of the
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Continental soldier was wounded in the encounter while at least two
Hessians had been killed and an unknown number of others wounded. After burning and looting the temporary structures on the site, the victors occupied it until dark when they returned to their main lines. By the next day the Hessians had reoccupied the spot but were quickly driven off again by a larger U.S. force. This time the Hessians left ten dead with, again, a single U.S. wounded.
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838:, who were to land on the east side of Manhattan, south of the fort. Before attacking, Howe sent Lieutenant Colonel James Patterson under a flag of truce on November 15 to deliver a message that if the fort did not surrender, the entire garrison would be killed. Magaw said the Patriots would defend the fort to the "last extremity".
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same time the troops opposing
Stirling's landing were also being chased back to the fort. Stirling's troops, landed in the rear of Cadwalader, paused, believing that there were troops in the entrenchments. Some of the retreating Americans engaged Stirling, giving most of the rest of the American troops enough time to escape.
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riflemen under
Rawlings still held, but barely, as there were fewer riflemen than before and because the increased amount of firing had jammed some of the men's weapons, some of the men were forced to push boulders down the hill at the attacking Hessians. The American battery at Fort Washington was silenced by
792:, who believed the fort could be held and that it was vital to do so. Greene argued that holding the fort would keep open communications across the river and might dissuade the British from attacking New Jersey. Magaw and Putnam concurred with Greene. Washington deferred to Greene and did not abandon the fort.
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With the collapse of Magaw's outer lines to the south and east of the fort, the general
American retreat towards the perceived safety of the fort took place. To the south, the third defensive line had never been completed so Cadwalader had nowhere left to retreat to except the fort. To the north, the
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Around the same time, to the south, Percy advanced with some 3,000 men. Percy advanced in two columns with his brigade of
Hessians on the left and Percy himself leading the right. About 200 yards from the American lines Percy halted the advance, waiting for the feint by Stirling to take place. Facing
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to prevent
British ships from sailing up the Hudson and outflanking the U.S. position. For more than a month, the troops transported boulders from the heights of Manhattan to the edge of the river, where they loaded them into a collection of hulks and cribs made of timber and stretched it across the
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After the
Hessians entered the fort, the American officers attempted to placate the Hessian commander, Captain von Malmburg, who was in charge of the surrender. They invited him into their barracks, and offered him punch, wine and cake, with compliments. As they left the fort, the Hessians stripped
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Washington, who was watching the battle from the other side of the river, sent a note to Magaw asking him to hold out until nightfall, thinking that the troops could be evacuated during the night. By this time, the
Hessians had taken the ground between the fort and the Hudson River. Johann Rall was
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of 700 men. Where
Stirling landed happened to be the least defended area of the American defenses, and when Cadwalader heard how many men were there, he sent another 100 men to reinforce the 50 he had sent earlier. The British landing parties spread out, looking for a path through the rough terrain
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Before dawn on November 16, the British and Hessian troops moved out. Knyphausen and his troops were ferried across the Harlem River on flatboats and landed on Manhattan. The flatboatmen then turned down the river to ferry Mathew's troops across the river. However, due to the tide, they were unable
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were located. The four were encouraged to leave Manhattan, which they did immediately, sailing across the river to Fort Lee. Magaw realized that Cadwalader was in danger of being surrounded and sent orders for him to withdraw toward the fort. Cadwalader's force was pursued by Percy's troops at the
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On November 8, about two dozen U.S. soldiers drove off a slightly larger Hessian company from a forward redoubt. The Hessians held higher ground with better cover and had the advantage of artillery support throughout this minor skirmish, but were still unable to maintain their position. A single
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By noon, Knyphausen and his Hessians restarted their advance. As soon as the tide was high enough, Mathew and his troops, accompanied by Howe, were ferried across the Harlem River. They landed under heavy fire from the American artillery on the Manhattan shore. The British troops charged up the
952:. By this time, the riflemen's fire had almost ceased, and the Hessians slowly advanced up the hill and engaged the Americans in hand-to-hand fighting. Overpowering the Americans, the Hessians reached the top of the hill and swarmed into the redoubt with a bayonet charge, capturing it quickly.
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sailing up the Hudson. Magaw ordered his troops to attack the frigates, and both ships were badly damaged by the guns from Fort Lee and Fort Washington. The frigates could not elevate their own guns to the height of the U.S. positions. The British towed away the frigates, but an artillery duel
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prevented some troops from landing and delayed the attack. When the British moved against the defenses, the southern and western American defenses fell quickly, and the obstacles meant to deter an attack were bypassed with ease. Patriot forces on the north side offered stiff resistance to the
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had been with her husband on the battlefield the entire time, and, after witnessing his death, she immediately took his place at the cannon, continuing to fire until she was wounded in her arm, chest, and jaw, thereby becoming the first known woman combatant in the American Revolution.
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to get close enough to the shore to bring the British troops across. Thus, Knyphausen's troops were forced to halt their advance and wait until Mathew could cross. Around 7:00 a.m., Hessian guns opened fire on the American battery on Laurel Hill, and the British frigate
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river. When the cheval de frise was finished, they began work on the fort. Little soil covered the rocky surface, so men had to haul soil up from the low ground. They were unable to dig the customary ditches or trenches around the fort. The fort was built in the shape of a
690:). To the south of the fort were three lines of defense made up of trenches and foxholes. The first line was supported by a second line about 0.33 mi (0.5 km) to the north, with a third line planned to be built 0.25 mi (0.4 km) north of the second.
925:, Magaw's second in command, who was in charge of holding the three defensive lines south of Fort Washington. After hearing that there was a landing on the shore in his rear, Cadwalader sent 50 men to oppose it. The 50 men ran into the feint by Col. Stirling's
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the American troops of their baggage and beat some of them, forcing their officers to intervene to prevent further injuries or deaths. The British captured thirty-four cannons, two howitzers, along with many tents, blankets, tools and much ammunition.
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on the landing spot. The Americans took up a position on a hilltop and began firing at the British troops who were still crossing the river. Sterling's men were already scaling the heights. They charged the American position, dispersing them.
901:. Rawlings' men hid behind rocks and trees and darted from place to place to shoot at the Hessians as they tried to advance through the fallen trees and rocks. The first and second charges by the Hessians were repulsed by Rawlings' riflemen.
512:, acting commander of the fort, refused to abandon it, believing his troops would be able to defend it from the British. Howe's forces attacked the fort before Washington could arrive to assess the situation on November 16.
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began to fire at the American entrenchments. Also, south of the Fort, Percy had his artillery open fire on the fort itself. Percy's artillery aimed at Magaw's guns which had damaged the British ships several weeks before.
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Upon hearing the firing, Percy ordered his troops to continue their advance. British artillery fire forced Graydon in the first defensive line to fall back to the second line, where Washington, Greene, Putnam and
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examined the terrain on which Fort Washington would be located; they agreed that if the fort was properly fortified, it would be practically impossible to take. Later in June, the Commander-in-Chief of the
772:. During the weeks between Washington's northward retreat and the British assault on the fort, reinforcements continued to trickle in to the fort, increasing the size of the garrison to nearly 3,000 men.
737:. He left a garrison of 1,200 men at Fort Washington under the command of Colonel Robert Magaw, although this force was inadequate to fully defend the extensive works in hindsight. Meanwhile, Howe left
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768:, deserted and supplied British command with detailed plans of the fortifications. Percy sent the information on to Howe, who had defeated Washington a few days earlier at the
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725:, after which he sought to flank the strong U.S. position on the north of the island. After an abortive landing attempt on October 11, Howe began landing troops in southern
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Because of these minor successes, Magaw became overconfident; he boasted of being able to hold the fort through a siege to the end of December. On November 2, Magaw's
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The British and Hessians suffered 84 killed and 374 wounded. The Americans had 59 killed, 96 wounded casualties, and 2,837 men captured. Under the usual treatment of
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to prevent any further British advance north, and Washington with 2,000 men was to go to Fort Lee. On the 13th, Washington and his army reached Fort Lee.
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Three days after the fall of Fort Washington, the Patriots abandoned Fort Lee. Washington and the army retreated through New Jersey and crossed the
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attack, but they too were overwhelmed. With the fort surrounded by land and sea, Colonel Magaw chose to surrender. A total of 59 Americans were
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would attack the fort from the north, Percy was to lead a brigade of Hessians and several British battalions from the south, and Lord
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On the morning of October 27, sentries informed Magaw that Percy's troops were launching an attack supported by two
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with openings for guns from every angle. The fort enclosed a total of three to four acres. The troops built an
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1138:. The location of its walls are demarcated by stones placed in the park, and there is a commemorative plaque.
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to abandon the fort and remove its garrison, which then numbered 1,200 men but which later grew to 3,000, to
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A closeup of the inscription on the marker; under the white graffiti it reads "American Redout 1776"
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The British forces consisted of: Composite Battalion of Grenadier, Light Infantry, and Foot Guards,
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by British forces. After about one month, on the night of December 25–26, 1776, Washington
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After this defeat, a large portion of Washington's army was pursued across New Jersey and into
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Volunteer companies. After brief fighting, the Americans turned and ran towards the fort.
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monument to the final position of the Continental troops before crossing the Hudson River
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John Corbin was in charge of firing a small cannon at the top of a ridge, today known as
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were finished in September, all the troops in the area were placed under the command of
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Howe's plan of attack was to storm the fort from three directions while a fourth force
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of Manhattan on September 15. His northward progress was checked the next day in the
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triumphantly reclaimed Fort Washington as they marched toward lower Manhattan after
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1150:. The 'Battle of Fort Washington' placed in overall sequence and strategic context.
908:. During an assault by the Hessians, John was killed, leaving his cannon unmanned.
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hillside and dispersed the Americans until they reached a redoubt defended by some
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Howe led an assault from three sides: the north, east and south. The tides of the
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with the light infantry were to attack from the east. The feint was to be by the
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The Age of Battles: The Quest For Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo
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2110:. Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. May 3, 1898.
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Washington had considered abandoning Fort Washington, but he was swayed by
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William Heath. Washington established his headquarters near the fort.
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Supporting the fort were numerous defenses. Batteries were placed on
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planned to capture Fort Washington, the last American stronghold on
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2121:. American Scenic and Historic Preservation. May 3, 1917. p.
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Ketchum pp. 111– "The most disastrous defeat of the entire war"
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American Revolutionary War §British New York counter-offensive
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500:. General Washington issued a discretionary order to General
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The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton
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into Pennsylvania northwest of Trenton, pursued as far as
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To the north of the fort, the Hessian right, commanded by
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continued for some time between British and U.S. gunners.
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Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
1695:"International Women's Day & Fort Tryon Park History"
1669:"Battle of Fort Washington | Washington Heights NYC"
1903:. Washington Heights & Inwood Online. Archived from
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at the end of August 1776, British General William Howe
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began construction on the fort under the supervision of
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was fought in New York on November 16, 1776, during the
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2096:. Washington Height & Inwood Online. Archived from
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to prevent a British invasion of New England; General
649:. The main walls were made of earth, constructed with
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1104:. Washington went on to defeat the British next at
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1966:
1111:After seven years, on November 25, 1783, with the
1100:the Hessian garrison under the command of Rall at
1079:prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War
795:On November 4, Howe ordered his army south toward
575:was located at the highest point of the island of
539:, while the British consolidated their control of
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1472:. Pennsylvania Evening Post. November 21, 1776.
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131:
4469:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
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1498:. Pennsylvania Evening Post. November 21, 1776
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1950:. Holt Paperbacks; 1st Owl books ed edition.
1134:neighborhood of Manhattan, just north of the
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46:A view of the attack against Fort Washington
3582:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
2083:. TheAmericanRevolution.org. Archived from
1175:Prisoners in the American Revolutionary War
4459:African Americans in the Revolutionary War
2713:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
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2002:. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperback.
1990:
1271:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
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2522:Washington calls off invasion of New York
1301:The American Revolution: A Visual History
1121:the last British forces had left New York
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1115:signed, General Washington and Governor
921:and his company. Graydon's superior was
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598:In June 1776, American Patriot officers
560:British warships trying to pass between
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492:under the command of Lieutenant General
16:Battle of the American Revolutionary War
2362:Battle of Freeman's Farm (1st Saratoga)
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2367:Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery
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583:near its northernmost tip. Along with
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2970:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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2579:Washington's Farewell to His Officers
2548:Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh
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1973:. New York: Random House Paperbacks.
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1817:
1331:from the original on October 22, 2012
702:Tablet commemorating the location of
672:, which extended into the Hudson; on
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4579:Daughters of the American Revolution
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2929:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
1865:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1753:
1741:
1727:
1713:
1645:
1631:
1622:
1610:
1601:
1589:
1566:
1543:
1531:
1510:
1448:
1387:
1373:
1361:
1314:
1047:Daughters of the American Revolution
1025:Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment
895:Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment
4640:Battles involving the United States
4574:Children of the American Revolution
4454:Timeline of the American Revolution
2256:Submarine attack in New York Harbor
2164:New York in the American Revolution
1229:
1215:
846:
13:
3235:European allies of King George III
3091:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
3026:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2688:No taxation without representation
2107:Fort Washington, November 16, 1776
1835:from the original on April 8, 2020
1814:
1327:. New York City Parks Department.
14:
4666:
4601:Museum of the American Revolution
2073:
2040:from the original on May 10, 2016
1985:General George Washington Lengel.
480:under Commander-in-Chief General
4630:Battles of the New York Campaign
4489:Continental Currency dollar coin
4474:Women in the American Revolution
2241:New York and New Jersey campaign
1170:New York and New Jersey campaign
1054:
1038:
807:with 3,000 men was to guard the
329:New York and New Jersey campaign
250:
239:
232:
222:
210:
199:
188:
169:
157:
146:
133:
4635:Battles involving Great Britain
4584:Sons of the American Revolution
2081:"The Battle of Fort Washington"
1914:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1856:
1847:
1805:
1687:
1661:
1580:
1557:
1522:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1352:
1166:– a heroine of the battle
579:, along a large outcropping of
4645:Battles involving Hesse-Kassel
4484:Continental currency banknotes
3572:Staten Island Peace Conference
2261:Staten Island Peace Conference
1470:"Skirmish at Mount Washington"
1343:
1293:
1254:
1245:
1015:American forces consisted of:
897:under the command of Lt. Col.
357:Staten Island Peace Conference
1:
4302:
3278:German supporters of Congress
2976:Massachusetts Circular Letter
2408:Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga
1180:
546:
2959:Committees of correspondence
2092:Renner, James (March 2005).
2057:. Indiana University Press.
1899:Renner, James (March 1997).
1068:
978:23rd (Royal Welsh Fusiliers)
727:Westchester County, New York
693:
7:
4596:Charters of Freedom Rotunda
3801:
3627:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
3612:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
3386:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
3041:Declaration of Independence
3006:Second Continental Congress
2251:New York Prison Ships begin
2220:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
2183:First Liberty poles erected
2118:Twenty-second Annual Report
2115:"Fort Tryon and vicinity".
2094:"Battle of Fort Washington"
1931:. Oxford University Press.
1825:"Battle of Fort Washington"
1141:
942:
657:around the fort. After the
59:November 16, 1776
10:
4671:
4479:Financial costs of the war
2986:First Continental Congress
2837:Royal Proclamation of 1763
2782:Second Rockingham ministry
2621:American Revolutionary War
2388:Setauket Spy Ring launched
1159:Fort Washington (New York)
587:, located just across the
469:. It was one of the worst
451:American Revolutionary War
33:American Revolutionary War
4446:
4415:
4391:
4387:
4372:
4333:Constitutional Convention
4313:Society of the Cincinnati
4308:
4297:
4222:
4117:
3961:
3954:
3899:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3796:
3753:
3675:
3661:
3635:
3602:Carlisle Peace Commission
3564:
3436:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
3365:
3290:
3243:
3210:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3132:
3101:Hutchinson letters affair
3068:
3051:Articles of Confederation
2911:
2898:Proclamation of Rebellion
2810:
2762:First Rockingham ministry
2739:
2706:All men are created equal
2645:
2641:
2627:
2574:British evacuate New York
2561:
2540:
2505:
2497:Battle of Fort St. George
2462:
2426:
2380:
2327:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
2309:
2301:Battle of Fort Washington
2233:
2212:
2196:
2170:
2053:Weigley, Russell (1991).
2026:. Naval Institute Press.
1969:General George Washington
1946:Ketchum, Richard (1999).
1496:"Skirmish on York Island"
1325:"Bennett Park Highlights"
1090:New Brunswick, New Jersey
1021:5th Pennsylvania Regiment
1017:3rd Pennsylvania Regiment
959:
863:Bennett Park memorial at
841:
745:to monitor the garrison.
552:Construction and defenses
447:Battle of Fort Washington
339:
275:
262:
181:
125:
51:
38:
30:
26:Battle of Fort Washington
25:
4655:1776 in New York (state)
3597:Entry of France into war
3212:Kingdom of Great Britain
2286:Battle of Valcour Island
2281:Execution of Nathan Hale
2271:Battle of Harlem Heights
1185:
1136:George Washington Bridge
741:and a small force below
723:Battle of Harlem Heights
543:and eastern New Jersey.
528:and 2,837 were taken as
4328:Ratification Day (1784)
3653:Second Anglo-Mysore War
3337:Northern after Saratoga
3317:New York and New Jersey
2991:Continental Association
2888:Conciliatory Resolution
2747:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
2720:Consent of the governed
2517:runs aground at Montauk
2492:Battle of Klock's Field
2470:Battle of Young's House
2403:Attack on German Flatts
2357:Battle of Staten Island
1965:Lengel, Edward (2005).
1276:Oxford University Press
4589:Sons of the Revolution
4318:Treaty of Paris (1783)
3648:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
3643:Cherokee–American wars
3256:Franco-American Treaty
3111:Philadelphia Tea Party
3081:Treaty of Paris (1763)
3060:Confederation Congress
2653:American Enlightenment
2454:Boyd and Parker ambush
2418:Cherry Valley massacre
2398:West Point established
2296:Battle of White Plains
2291:Battle of Pell's Point
2276:Great Fire of New York
2020:Syrett, David (2006).
1923:Fischer, David Hackett
1889:McCullough pp. 290–292
1829:www.britishbattles.com
1409:Fischer pp. 88–102,109
1006:52nd Regiments of Foot
867:
856:
820:Wilhelm von Knyphausen
785:
776:Plans and preparations
770:Battle of White Plains
706:
634:They first prepared a
568:
486:Battle of White Plains
465:near the north end of
182:Commanders and leaders
4534:Washington's Birthday
4339:The Federalist Papers
4323:Evacuation Day (1783)
3376:Lexington and Concord
3076:French and Indian War
3016:Olive Branch Petition
2527:Battle of Fort Slongo
2434:Battle of Stony Point
2337:Siege of Fort Stanwix
2246:Battle of Long Island
2204:Battle of Golden Hill
2087:on February 13, 2010.
1928:Washington's Crossing
862:
854:
828:33rd Regiment of Foot
783:
715:Battle of Long Island
701:
559:
276:Casualties and losses
98:40.85278°N 73.93806°W
4650:Culture of Manhattan
4539:Jefferson's Birthday
4529:Pulaski Memorial Day
3536:Guilford Court House
3187:Continental Congress
2964:Committees of safety
2939:Daughters of Liberty
2934:Virginia Association
2683:Rights of Englishmen
2393:Battle of Cobleskill
2347:Battle of Bennington
2266:Landing at Kip's Bay
1671:. February 4, 2019.
1094:crossed the Delaware
1029:Bucks County Militia
1010:Fraser's Highlanders
719:launched an invasion
678:Spuyten Duyvil Creek
593:New Jersey Palisades
476:After defeating the
473:defeats of the war.
3667:colony or location)
3622:Newburgh Conspiracy
3481:Sullivan Expedition
3001:Provincial Congress
2792:Fox–North coalition
2731:Settler colonialism
2678:Freedom of religion
2635:American Revolution
2569:Newburgh Conspiracy
2532:Battle of Johnstown
2444:Sullivan Expedition
2332:Battle of Fort Anne
1418:Fischer pp. 109–110
164:Waldeck and Pyrmont
103:40.85278; -73.93806
94: /
4569:Semiquincentennial
4494:Libertas Americana
2924:Stamp Act Congress
2814:Acts of Parliament
2787:Shelburne ministry
2757:Grenville ministry
2487:conspiracy exposed
2475:First Purple Heart
2439:Battle of Minisink
2352:Battle of Setauket
2342:Battle of Oriskany
2225:Invasion of Canada
2188:Stamp Act Congress
1154:Battle of Fort Lee
1132:Washington Heights
998:42nd (Black Watch)
923:Lambert Cadwalader
868:
857:
786:
707:
569:
217:Wilhelm Knyphausen
76:Washington Heights
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4368:
4367:
4355:Shays's Rebellion
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4218:
4217:
4185:Richard Henry Lee
3950:
3949:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3636:Related conflicts
3506:Connecticut Farms
3286:
3285:
3179:Thirteen Colonies
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
2587:
2586:
2449:Battle of Newtown
2322:Saratoga campaign
2033:978-1-59114-006-1
2023:Admiral Lord Howe
1992:McCullough, David
1907:on June 27, 2012.
1880:McCullough p. 246
1862:McCullough p. 243
1586:McCullough p. 239
1563:McCullough p. 237
1554:McCullough p. 236
1349:McCullough p. 129
1262:Burrows, Edwin G.
1212:McCullough p. 241
919:Alexander Graydon
621:George Washington
482:George Washington
440:
439:
407:Delaware crossing
294:
293:
246:George Washington
121:
120:
4662:
4559:Sesquicentennial
4519:Independence Day
4423:Founding Fathers
4389:
4388:
4374:
4373:
4299:
4298:
4227:
4226:
3959:
3958:
3816:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3496:Cape St. Vincent
3171:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3134:
3133:
3106:Boston Tea Party
3031:Halifax Resolves
2981:Suffolk Resolves
2772:Grafton ministry
2767:Chatham ministry
2663:Colonial history
2643:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2111:
2101:
2100:on June 4, 2012.
2088:
2068:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2016:
2001:
1987:
1972:
1961:
1942:
1909:
1908:
1901:"Evacuation Day"
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1821:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1774:
1765:
1762:
1751:
1748:
1739:
1736:
1725:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1643:
1640:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1541:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1385:
1382:
1371:
1368:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1227:
1224:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1058:
1042:
847:Initial fighting
836:42nd Highlanders
809:Hudson Highlands
790:Nathanael Greene
617:Continental Army
604:Nathanael Greene
581:Manhattan schist
562:Forts Washington
530:prisoners of war
526:killed in action
502:Nathanael Greene
478:Continental Army
334:
330:
320:
313:
306:
297:
296:
257:Nathanael Greene
255:
254:
253:
244:
243:
242:
236:
227:
226:
225:
215:
214:
213:
204:
203:
202:
193:
192:
191:
174:
173:
172:
162:
161:
160:
151:
150:
149:
143:
139:
137:
136:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
99:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
66:
64:
53:
52:
43:
23:
22:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4605:
4544:Von Steuben Day
4442:
4411:
4383:
4364:
4304:
4281:
4223:Colonial allies
4214:
4113:
3946:
3907:King George III
3895:
3803:
3780:
3749:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3631:
3560:
3541:Lochry's Defeat
3426:Assunpink Creek
3416:Fort Washington
3361:
3295:
3293:
3282:
3273:Hortalez et Cie
3244:Colonial allies
3239:
3206:
3175:United Colonies
3158:
3120:
3086:Boston Massacre
3064:
3055:Perpetual Union
3011:United Colonies
2944:Sons of Liberty
2907:
2815:
2813:
2812:Related British
2806:
2735:
2637:
2633:Origins of the
2623:
2618:
2588:
2583:
2557:
2553:Newburgh letter
2536:
2501:
2458:
2422:
2413:Carleton's Raid
2376:
2305:
2229:
2208:
2192:
2178:Sons of Liberty
2166:
2161:
2130:
2114:
2104:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2043:
2041:
2034:
2010:
1981:
1958:
1939:
1917:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1728:
1723:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1646:
1641:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1388:
1383:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1230:
1225:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1164:Margaret Corbin
1144:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1043:
962:
945:
910:Margaret Corbin
865:Fort Washington
849:
844:
778:
704:Fort Washington
696:
687:Fort Tryon Park
637:cheval de frise
573:Fort Washington
554:
549:
541:New York Harbor
463:Fort Washington
443:
442:
441:
436:
417:Assunpink Creek
402:Iron Works Hill
387:Fort Washington
335:
332:
328:
326:
324:
289:
287:
282:
251:
249:
248:
240:
238:
237:
223:
221:
211:
209:
208:
200:
198:
197:
189:
187:
170:
168:
158:
156:
155:
147:
145:
144:
134:
132:
117:British victory
102:
100:
96:
93:
88:
85:
83:
81:
80:
79:
62:
60:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Minor holidays
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4380:Related topics
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4350:Bill of Rights
4347:
4342:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3813:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3754:Loyal colonies
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3740:South Carolina
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:North Carolina
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3677:Rebel colonies
3670:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Sint Eustatius
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:"First Salute"
3574:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3521:Kings Mountain
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:Harlem Heights
3408:
3403:
3401:Valcour Island
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
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2074:External links
2072:
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2017:
2008:
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1962:
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1943:
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1871:Ketchum p. 131
1864:
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1813:
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1802:Ketchum p. 129
1790:
1788:Ketchum p. 128
1778:
1776:Ketchum p. 127
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1764:Ketchum p. 126
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1750:Ketchum p. 125
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1738:Ketchum p. 124
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1724:Ketchum p. 123
1712:
1697:. March 2021.
1686:
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1658:Ketchum p. 122
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1642:Ketchum p. 120
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2752:Bute ministry
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2700:Spirit of '76
2698:
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2673:Republicanism
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2109:
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2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2064:0-7126-5856-4
2060:
2056:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2009:0-7432-2672-0
2005:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1980:0-8129-6950-2
1976:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1957:0-8050-6098-7
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1938:0-19-518121-2
1934:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1853:Lengel p. 168
1850:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1811:Lengel p. 167
1808:
1799:
1797:
1795:
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1547:
1540:Lengel p. 164
1537:
1535:
1528:Lengel p. 163
1525:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1456:
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1442:
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1427:Lengel p. 161
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1296:
1287:
1285:0-195-11634-8
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:Wallace, Mike
1263:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1226:Lengel p. 165
1223:
1221:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1200:, p. 61.
1199:
1194:
1190:
1176:
1173:
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1168:
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19:
4564:Bicentennial
4447:Other topics
4433:Liberty Tree
4405:
4345:Constitution
4337:
4242:Beaumarchais
4130:Samuel Adams
3881:William Howe
3876:Richard Howe
3776:West Florida
3761:East Florida
3735:Rhode Island
3730:Pennsylvania
3663:Involvement
3607:Gordon Riots
3592:Valley Forge
3587:Conway Cabal
3565:Other events
3415:
3327:Philadelphia
3225:British Army
3116:Powder Alarm
3046:Model Treaty
2968:
2726:Expansionism
2694:Common Sense
2692:
2514:
2300:
2129:
2117:
2106:
2098:the original
2085:the original
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
1997:
1984:
1968:
1947:
1926:
1915:Bibliography
1905:the original
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1839:February 13,
1837:. Retrieved
1828:
1807:
1705:November 19,
1703:. Retrieved
1689:
1679:November 21,
1677:. Retrieved
1663:
1624:
1603:
1582:
1559:
1524:
1500:. Retrieved
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1464:
1441:
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1414:
1405:
1354:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1300:
1295:
1274:. New York:
1269:
1256:
1247:
1193:
1128:Bennett Park
1125:
1113:peace treaty
1110:
1083:
1076:
1072:
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963:
954:
949:
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906:Bennett Park
903:
888:
884:Pennsylvania
880:
873:
869:
830:and General
813:
794:
787:
759:
755:
747:
735:White Plains
729:(in today's
708:
685:
682:Harlem River
667:
635:
633:
629:Rufus Putnam
625:Pennsylvania
597:
589:Hudson River
570:
537:Pennsylvania
534:
517:Harlem River
514:
510:Robert Magaw
494:William Howe
475:
453:between the
446:
444:
397:Geary Ambush
386:
382:White Plains
372:Pell's Point
350:
229:Robert Magaw
195:William Howe
153:Hesse-Kassel
126:Belligerents
45:
31:Part of the
18:
4210:Witherspoon
4094:von Steuben
4049:Charles Lee
3766:Nova Scotia
3685:Connecticut
3556:The Saintes
3511:Springfield
3476:Stony Point
3406:Long Island
3391:Bunker Hill
3312:Nova Scotia
2903:Prohibitory
2893:Restraining
2883:Intolerable
2863:Declaratory
2014:1776 David.
1502:December 1,
1480:December 1,
1335:October 20,
1308:Smithsonian
1198:Syrett 2006
936:Hugh Mercer
891:Johann Rall
801:Charles Lee
797:Dobbs Ferry
711:Long Island
344:Long Island
288:96 wounded
283:374 wounded
101: /
4624:Categories
4554:Centennial
4509:television
4360:Jay Treaty
4257:de Guichen
4165:Huntington
4125:John Adams
4064:Montgomery
3969:Washington
3932:Rockingham
3917:Barrington
3886:Knyphausen
3856:Cornwallis
3715:New Jersey
3546:Chesapeake
3501:Charleston
3456:Germantown
3451:Brandywine
3441:Bennington
3230:Royal Navy
3220:Parliament
3167:Combatants
3140:Combatants
2919:Loyal Nine
2852:Quartering
2822:Navigation
2668:Liberalism
2658:John Locke
2646:Philosophy
2317:Meigs Raid
2044:August 29,
1181:References
917:Percy was
855:Battle map
824:Cornwallis
784:Battle map
739:Hugh Percy
674:Cox's Hill
645:with five
600:Henry Knox
547:Background
508:. Colonel
506:New Jersey
427:Forage War
377:Mamaroneck
286:59 killed
281:84 killed
206:Hugh Percy
89:73°56′17″W
86:40°51′10″N
78:, New York
63:1776-11-16
4428:Diplomacy
4416:Political
4399:Prisoners
4303:Aftermath
4277:Vergennes
4252:de Grasse
4247:d'Estaing
4237:Louis XVI
4175:Jefferson
4140:Dickinson
4084:St. Clair
4069:Nicholson
4044:Lafayette
4004:Duportail
3974:Alexander
3942:Shelburne
3826:Arbuthnot
3665:(by
3531:Pensacola
3491:Gibraltar
3466:St. Lucia
3431:Princeton
3143:Campaigns
2996:Minutemen
2912:Colonials
2868:Townshend
2797:Loyalists
2740:Royalists
1106:Princeton
1069:Aftermath
927:42nd Foot
826:with the
731:The Bronx
694:Movements
591:atop the
577:Manhattan
498:Manhattan
467:Manhattan
432:Millstone
422:Princeton
362:Kip's Bay
333:1776–1777
4392:Military
4145:Franklin
4118:Civilian
4099:Sullivan
4089:Schuyler
4019:Hamilton
3994:Claghorn
3962:Military
3955:Colonial
3937:Sandwich
3900:Civilian
3846:Carleton
3841:Campbell
3836:Burgoyne
3819:Military
3745:Virginia
3720:New York
3700:Maryland
3690:Delaware
3551:Yorktown
3486:Savannah
3461:Monmouth
3446:Saratoga
3352:Yorktown
3342:Southern
3332:Northern
3322:Saratoga
3294:theaters
3155:Colonies
3146:Theaters
2949:Patriots
2859:up i.p.o
2847:Currency
2832:Molasses
2515:Culloden
2038:Archived
1994:(2006).
1925:(2006).
1833:Archived
1699:Archived
1673:Archived
1474:Archived
1329:Archived
1290:, p. 243
1268:(1999).
1142:See also
1098:defeated
943:Collapse
762:adjutant
750:frigates
659:barracks
651:ravelins
647:bastions
643:pentagon
585:Fort Lee
392:Fort Lee
263:Strength
71:Location
4514:theater
4272:Suffren
4262:Luzerne
4180:Laurens
4150:Hancock
4135:Carroll
4054:Lincoln
4034:de Kalb
4024:Hopkins
3922:Germain
3912:Amherst
3851:Clinton
3812:British
3802:Leaders
3695:Georgia
3526:Cowpens
3471:Grenada
3421:Trenton
3368:battles
3347:Western
3202:Marines
3149:Battles
1130:in the
1102:Trenton
816:feinted
713:in the
522:Hessian
484:at the
471:Patriot
412:Trenton
61: (
4406:Turtle
4230:French
4200:Revere
4195:Morris
4190:McKean
4155:Hanson
4079:Rodney
4074:Putnam
4059:Mercer
4014:Greene
3984:Arnold
3891:Rodney
3871:Graves
3861:Fraser
3771:Quebec
3516:Camden
3396:Quebec
3381:Boston
3366:Major
3307:Quebec
3302:Boston
3251:France
3152:Events
3069:Events
2878:Quebec
2480:Arnold
2061:
2030:
2006:
1977:
1954:
1935:
1282:
1027:, and
1008:, and
960:Forces
842:Battle
655:abatis
610:, and
488:, the
351:Turtle
231:
138:
114:Result
4160:Henry
4109:Wayne
4029:Jones
4009:Gates
3999:Clark
3989:Barry
3979:Allen
3927:North
3831:Brant
2857:Stamp
2842:Sugar
2484:André
1186:Notes
950:Pearl
874:Pearl
271:3,000
268:8,000
4504:film
4404:The
4205:Rush
4104:Ward
4039:Knox
3866:Gage
3266:Navy
3261:Army
3197:Navy
3192:Army
3053:and
2827:Iron
2562:1783
2541:1782
2513:HMS
2506:1781
2463:1780
2427:1779
2381:1778
2310:1777
2234:1776
2213:1775
2197:1770
2171:1765
2059:ISBN
2046:2015
2028:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1998:1776
1975:ISBN
1952:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1841:2020
1707:2021
1681:2021
1504:2012
1482:2012
1337:2012
1280:ISBN
1264:and
1096:and
1002:43rd
994:38th
990:33rd
986:28th
982:27th
974:15th
970:10th
564:and
457:and
445:The
349:The
56:Date
4170:Jay
2873:Tea
2123:735
966:4th
566:Lee
4626::
2036:.
2012:.
1983:.
1831:.
1827:.
1816:^
1793:^
1781:^
1769:^
1755:^
1743:^
1729:^
1715:^
1647:^
1633:^
1612:^
1591:^
1568:^
1545:^
1533:^
1512:^
1450:^
1389:^
1375:^
1363:^
1316:^
1305:DK
1303:.
1278:.
1231:^
1217:^
1205:^
1123:.
1045:A
1023:,
1019:,
1012:.
1004:,
1000:,
996:,
992:,
988:,
984:,
980:,
976:,
972:,
968:,
764:,
631:.
619:,
606:,
602:,
532:.
3177:/
2722:"
2718:"
2715:"
2711:"
2708:"
2704:"
2613:e
2606:t
2599:v
2482:–
2156:e
2149:t
2142:v
2125:.
2067:.
2048:.
1960:.
1941:.
1843:.
1709:.
1683:.
1506:.
1484:.
1339:.
1288:.
1031:.
319:e
312:t
305:v
65:)
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