41:
151:
648:
134:
842:
1027:
757:. By April 28, most of McClernand's men had been loaded onto transports in preparation for the river crossing. Hoping to further distract the Confederates, Grant suggested another feint: this one to be made by Sherman up the Yazoo River. Grant had some hesitations about such a feint, believing that reports of it might be misconstrued by the Union public as another Chickasaw Bayou-style defeat, but Sherman continued with the operation. Sherman's movement resulted in the
741:, as well as to provide a stronger protecting force for the transports that would ferry troops in Grant's planned crossing of the Mississippi River. Beginning two hours after nightfall on April 16, Porter ran several vessels past the batteries at Vicksburg, with the loss of only a transport and a barge. Pemberton learned of the passing of the batteries, and began to develop a clearer picture of the true strategic situation. Grand Gulf was reinforced by Brigadier General
2694:
2704:
619:
make an amphibious assault across the river directly against
Vicksburg. An assault across the river risked heavy casualties, and a withdrawal to Memphis could be politically disastrous if the public perceived such a movement as a retreat. Grant then decided upon the downstream crossing. The advance along the west bank of the Mississippi began on March 29, and was spearheaded by Major General
753:
afterwards, but believing a false report of the
Confederates having 12,000 men at Grand Gulf, called off the attack. McClernand observed Grand Gulf later that day, as did Grant the next day. Both determined the Confederate position was not as strong as had been reported. Union forces moved further downriver, and opened a base of operations at
1037:
After the naval bombardment was unable to neutralize the
Confederate position at Grand Gulf, the troops on the transports returned to dry land. Later that day, the Union transports and barges were run downriver, under the covering fire of Porter's gunboats. The vessels were able to make it downriver
1013:
state that the Union forces lost 18 men killed and 57 wounded, for a total of 75, with historians
William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel, along with the historian Timothy B. Smith instead placing Union casualties at 24 killed and 56 wounded, including a few men from the army serving on the warships
768:
to prepare a 5,000-man force to be sent to Grand Gulf at Bowen's discretion, but
Stevenson still regarded the Union move south as a feint in preparation for an assault directly against Vicksburg. Bowen lacked a cavalry force for scouting, as the cavalry at Grand Gulf had been sent elsewhere to chase
618:
By late March, further attempts to bypass
Vicksburg had failed. Grant then considered three plans: to withdraw to Memphis and retry the overland route through northern Mississippi; to move south along the west side of the Mississippi River, cross below Vicksburg, and then strike for the city; or to
981:
against Grand Gulf due to the strength of the
Confederate position. Despite the damage and the ammunition shortage, the Confederate batteries were still capable of repulsing a landing from the transports. During the action, Porter had been struck in the back of his head with a shell fragment; the
944:
a.m., and Fort Cobun responded about 25 minutes later. Currents in the river caught some of the Union vessels, forcing them to spin in circles while the
Confederate fired upon them. After the shooting started, the 12th Arkansas Sharpshooter Battalion was moved forward from a reserve position into
853:
a.m. on April 29, seven Union Navy ironclads led by Porter moved down the river from Hard Times
Landing towards the positions at Grand Gulf. Roughly 30,000 Union infantry were in the Hard Times Landing area, of whom about 10,000 were on transports. The men on the transports, which had pulled away
1057:
Late on April 29, expecting a Union crossing of the river, Bowen sent a detachment from his command to hold Port Gibson, and the next day sent reinforcements that had arrived from
Vicksburg to that place as well. On the morning of April 30, the Bruinsburg crossing began. McClernand's corps and a
919:
followed. A total of 81 cannons were carried by these vessels, compared to 13 in the Confederate positions. The naval forces also had the advantage in size of artillery: the majority of the Confederate guns were 30-pounders or smaller, as opposed to the median Union piece being a 42-pounder. The
968:
a.m., Fort Wade was knocked out of action. One of the large cannons in Fort Wade had exploded, the fortifications themselves had been severely damaged, and Colonel William F. Wade, commanding the post, had been decapitated by Union fire. The surviving cannons at Fort Wade had been buried under
752:
After dark on April 22, more transports were run down the river past Vicksburg: one transport and several barges were lost, and all of the surviving transports were damaged. Porter had been prepared to bombard Grand Gulf on April 23, with McClernand providing an infantry force to land there
556:
elements were sent upriver from New Orleans in May to try to take the city, a move that was unsuccessful. In late June, a joint army-navy expedition returned to make another campaign against Vicksburg. Union Navy leadership decided that the city could not be taken without more
769:
down Grierson's Raid. The work on the defenses at Grand Gulf had resulted in a much stronger position than had been there at the beginning of March. Two forts were the strongpoints of the fortification. The stronger was known as Fort Cobun, and the other as Fort Wade.
832:
to cover the movement of its transports. Grant had the area north of Grand Gulf assessed for suitable crossing points, but none could be found. Grant believed that the position would not be difficult to take, so the assault against Grand Gulf would occur as planned.
828:, and a dismounted cavalry unit positioned further up the Big Black River. Porter believed the Confederates were too well-prepared for an attack against Grand Gulf to be worthwhile, and instead suggested that the army march further south, accompanied by the navy's
677:, which was located along the Mississippi River to the south of Vicksburg. The town was largely burned by Union troops attempting to suppress the Confederate guns. In early March 1863, the Confederates decided to rebuild fortifications at Grand Gulf, and the
692:
were working on building new defenses and strengthening the existing ones. Heavy cannons were transferred to the position, but before those guns could arrive, a skirmish occurred on March 19, between the Confederate defenders and two Union Navy ships: the
1074:
the cannons there early on May 3. Union forces occupied the position after the Confederates withdrew, and it became a supply point during the ongoing campaign. Portions of Sherman's corps crossed the river at Grand Gulf late on May 6 and into May 7.
1133:
Sources disagree as to the timing of this run. Ballard writes that it was timed to " advantage of the later afternoon sun to blind Confederate gunners". Miller states that the movement occurred in the evening, Bearss times the run downriver as at
854:
from the landing and were sheltered behind a spit of land named Point Coffee, were intended to cross the river and occupy Grand Gulf once the Confederate batteries were subdued. Porter instructed his ironclad commanders to take care to avoiding
728:
across the river on April 4, to counter the Union movement. Bowen informed Pemberton of Grant's advance, but the latter officer disregarded the information. The Union Navy forces cooperating with Grant, which were commanded by
761:, which saw Union warships and transports loaded with infantry move up the Yazoo River on April 29, and skirmish with Confederate forces during the next two days. Overall, it was not particularly effective as a distraction.
745:'s brigade; when this unit arrived Pemberton elevated the concentration at Grand Gulf to divisional status with Bowen in command. With the addition of a miscellaneous command of 800 men and a four-gun battery sent from
1050:. Bowen expected Union troops to cross at the former. Discussions between Union scouts and an African American, who was possibly named Bob, yielded the information that a usable road ran from Bruinsburg to
474:
bombarded the Confederate defenses at Grand Gulf on April 29. Union fire silenced Fort Wade and killed its commander, but the overall Confederate position held. Grant decided to cross the river elsewhere.
977:. Confederate troops in the rifle pits also fired into the Union vessels. Around 1:00 p.m., Fort Cobun decreased its fire due to ammunition shortages. However, Porter and Grant decided not to attempt an
486:
on May 1 secured the beachhead and forced the abandonment of the position at Grand Gulf, which became a Union supply point. Grant's command moved inland, and after defeating Confederate forces in the
1062:'s corps led the way. By the next morning, 24,000 Union soldiers had crossed the river without opposition. No American amphibious military landing exceeded the size of the Bruinsburg crossing until
785:
788:. Fort Wade was located 0.75 miles (1 km) downriver, on a point 20 feet (6.1 m) above the level of the river and 0.25 miles (0.4 km) away from it. This fort mounted a 100-pounder
1070:
was a hard-fought Union victory. Winning the battle protected the Union beachhead and rendered Grand Gulf indefensible. Pemberton ordered Bowen to abandon the position, and the Confederates
964:
each carried 13 guns, the positioning of the guns on the ships allowed a maximum of four guns at a time to be aimed at the Confederate fortifications, reducing the Union firepower. By 10:00
1113:. The park contains the land where forts Wade and Cobun were located, as well as an observation tower, a museum, and the remains of the old town of Grand Gulf. The park was listed on the
969:
earth from the damaged fortifications. The four Union vessels that had silenced Fort Wade moved upriver to face the remaining Confederate fort, which fought on. A Confederate shot struck
1038:
safely; Porter lost one man in the affair and the Confederates lost none. Some of the Union vessels had been hit, but suffered little damage. Grant's infantrymen marched downriver to
2733:
1094:
began on May 18, and ended in a Confederate surrender on July 4. The capture of Vicksburg divided the Confederacy along the Mississippi River, and with the Union victory at the
797:
552:
was still in Confederate hands, serving as a strong defensive position that commanded the river and prevented the Union from separating the two parts of the Confederacy.
813:
2667:
2748:
2743:
1138:
p.m., and Shea and Winschel state that it occurred in the "late afternoon". Smith states that the exchange of fire that resulted from the movement occurred at 9:00
250:
494:
two days later. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, marking a major Confederate defeat and a turning point in the war. The Grand Gulf battlefield is preserved in
2707:
2397:
1066:. More of McPherson's men crossed on May 1. Early that morning, the Confederates near Port Gibson encountered McClernand's advancing troops. The ensuing
724:
In early April, Bowen became aware of Grant's movement down the west side of the Mississippi River, and sent part of his force under the command of
79:
2753:
2420:
2697:
2338:
1110:
809:
805:
243:
639:
fell for the Union decoys (especially Grierson's Raid), and lost touch with the true tactical situation, believing Grant was withdrawing.
2390:
936:
moved to focus on Fort Wade; the other three remained focused on Fort Cobun. After passing Fort Cobun, the ships turned so that their
2432:
1042:, where the transports had been gathered after passing Grand Gulf. Two crossing points below Grand Gulf were considered by Grant:
2677:
1103:
236:
1014:
in a volunteer capacity. According to Ballard and Bearss, Confederate losses totaled 22: three dead and 19 wounded; historian
982:
painful wound caused him to use his sword as a cane. The naval vessels had fired more than 2,300 shots during the bombardment.
2738:
808:
held this position. A secondary line of rifle pits to the rear on a ridge was defended by five smaller Parrott rifles and the
2406:
2383:
2327:
2308:
2289:
2270:
2251:
2232:
2210:
2191:
2172:
2153:
2134:
689:
1114:
499:
1086:
on May 14, and two days later, Pemberton's attempt to defeat Grant outside of Vicksburg was defeated in the climactic
776:
that was about 40 feet (12 m) in width. It mounted four cannons – two 32-pounder guns, an 8-inch
713:. The exchange was not protracted and the Confederates suffered no loss; the Union had eight men killed or wounded on
2603:
2463:
2115:
2093:
624:
307:
2618:
2582:
354:
1009:), and had been badly damaged and knocked out of the fighting by engine damage. Historians Michael B. Ballard and
2488:
2339:
Archaeological Report No. 8: The Confederate Magazine at Fort Wade Grand Gulf, Mississippi, Excavations 1980–1981
1082:
on May 12, Grant decided to swing east to disperse the Confederate reinforcements gathering at Jackson. Jackson
863:
374:
717:. Soon afterwards, five heavy guns arrived at Grand Gulf: two 8-inch (203 mm) pieces and three 32-pounder
2672:
1083:
1031:
495:
292:
2547:
817:
599:, on the same day as the Holly Springs Raid and traveled down the Mississippi River. After diverting up the
573:
533:
423:
416:
369:
318:
155:
150:
114:
2763:
2458:
825:
359:
302:
2728:
2557:
859:
764:
On April 28, Pemberton finally realized the importance of the Union buildup near Grand Gulf. He ordered
758:
737:, were positioned north of Vicksburg, but there was a need for vessels to move south for operations near
511:
329:
2773:
2758:
793:
525:
142:
2370:
2058:
583:. Grant ordered a retreat after a supply depot and part of his supply line were destroyed during the
2768:
2531:
2163:
Bearss, Edwin C. (1998). "Battle and Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
1039:
612:
364:
287:
1005:
was poorly built (for instance, the spikes holding the ship's iron plating on were not secured with
2660:
2526:
2425:
1051:
2353:
2637:
2577:
1235:
1087:
1047:
682:
674:
487:
479:
468:
453:
446:
439:
349:
73:
1018:
and Shea and Winschel state that the Confederates lost 18 men, the difference being in wounded.
772:
Fort Cobun was positioned on a 40-foot (12 m) tall bluff known as Point of Rock and had a
738:
549:
545:
427:
2322:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts/New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 154–156.
2167:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts/New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 171–173.
2148:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts/New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 167–171.
2129:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts/New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 164–167.
2562:
2483:
2453:
1067:
892:
885:
878:
871:
754:
483:
334:
297:
2318:
Winschel, Terrence J. (1998). "Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
2613:
2516:
1099:
1095:
913:
906:
746:
734:
707:
588:
464:
184:
8:
1043:
765:
697:
562:
442:
2375:
792:, another 8-inch Dahlgren piece, and two more 32-pounders. These pieces were worked by
2587:
2473:
2468:
2448:
1091:
1059:
978:
730:
632:
628:
620:
596:
592:
584:
541:
521:
515:
491:
471:
431:
408:
389:
384:
312:
282:
260:
167:
40:
32:
2282:
Bayou Battles for Vicksburg: The Swamp and River Expeditions, January 1–April 30, 1863
2608:
2572:
2567:
2478:
2345:
2323:
2304:
2285:
2266:
2247:
2228:
2206:
2187:
2168:
2149:
2144:
Bearss, Edwin C. (1998). "Champion Hill, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
2130:
2111:
2089:
1079:
647:
636:
537:
435:
344:
339:
2632:
2511:
2220:
1071:
1015:
829:
725:
718:
576:
460:
419:
379:
200:
45:
1887 illustration of Union ships bombarding the Confederate positions at Grand Gulf
1098:, gave the Union control of the river. Together with a Confederate defeat at the
974:
855:
742:
670:
608:
2110:. Vol. II: Grant Strikes a Fatal Blow. Dayton, Ohio: Morningside Bookshop.
2521:
2125:
Bearss, Edwin C. (1998). "Raymond, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
1006:
688:
was transferred there. By the middle of the month, Bowen's troops and several
623:'s troops. The movement down the river was masked by decoy operations such as
591:. Meanwhile, another arm of the expedition under the command of Major General
2722:
1078:
Grant's men swung inland towards the railroad supplying Vicksburg. After the
821:
789:
781:
685:
529:
449:
172:
138:
133:
94:
81:
2205:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts/New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin.
2349:
1063:
841:
777:
694:
540:, thus isolating the western Confederacy from the remainder. Much of the
600:
937:
899:
604:
553:
457:
412:
2103:
1010:
801:
580:
274:
228:
2088:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
1192:
940:
pointed upstream. The lead Union vessels opened fire at about 7:50
704:
558:
548:, and several land victories. The strategically important city of
456:, south of Vicksburg. To clear the way for a Union crossing, seven
1026:
867:
773:
678:
566:
611:. A Union attack on December 29 was defeated decisively at the
434:. Grant decided to move his army south of Vicksburg, cross the
1943:
1752:
749:, there were about 4,200 Confederate troops around Grand Gulf.
536:. A significant component of this strategy was controlling the
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1609:
1607:
1457:
1334:
870:
and, if necessary, as a landing force. Of Porter's ironclads,
607:
with Confederate soldiers defending a line of hills above the
579:
began moving south towards Vicksburg from a starting point in
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1358:
1322:
1310:
2244:
Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River
569:
of the river in June and July, bypassing Vicksburg, failed.
544:
fell under Union control in early 1862 after the capture of
1955:
1731:
1604:
1250:
572:
In late November, about 40,000 Union infantry commanded by
2668:
List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi
2344:(Report). Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
2027:
2015:
2003:
1979:
1698:
1631:
1580:
1469:
1406:
1382:
1370:
1346:
1286:
2405:
1967:
1931:
1907:
1895:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1764:
1592:
1529:
1517:
1493:
2734:
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
1831:
1829:
1827:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1570:
1568:
1204:
1168:
1873:
1871:
1445:
1274:
2225:
Vicksburg: Grant's Campaign that Broke the Confederacy
1991:
1883:
1841:
1505:
1481:
1433:
1394:
1262:
1824:
1812:
1788:
1719:
1686:
1674:
1655:
1643:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1298:
816:
were positioned on a bluff to guard the mouth of the
2039:
1919:
1868:
1800:
1776:
1619:
1216:
1180:
1156:
1106:. The war ended in 1865 with a Confederate defeat.
1054:, so Bruinsburg was selected as the crossing point.
2246:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
2086:
Vicksburg: The Campaign that Opened the Mississippi
1030:A 2023 photograph of the remains of Fort Cobun at
866:were stationed on board the ironclads to serve as
422:had failed several times to bypass or capture the
615:, and Sherman's men withdrew on January 1, 1863.
2749:Battles of the American Civil War in Mississippi
2720:
2284:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
2242:Shea, William L.; Winschel, Terrence J. (2003).
478:The next day, Union forces crossed the river at
2744:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
669:On multiple occasions in mid-1862, Confederate
858:in shallow water. Men from detachments of the
561:, who were not forthcoming. An attempt to cut
2391:
985:Confederate fire had focused the heaviest on
800:. In between the two forts were two rows of
244:
2303:. Woodstock, Vermont: The Countryman Press.
2241:
1961:
1949:
1758:
1746:
1613:
1463:
1427:
1415:
1388:
1328:
1316:
1198:
2260:
1364:
2398:
2384:
2227:. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster.
1102:on July 3, the fall of Vicksburg marked a
920:ironclads first targeted Fort Cobun, then
452:prepared defenses—Forts Wade and Cobun—at
251:
237:
39:
2186:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic.
2059:"National Register Database and Research"
1238:. National Park Service. October 25, 2018
407:was fought on April 29, 1863, during the
2317:
1256:
1025:
845:1864 map of the approaches to Grand Gulf
840:
786:Battery A, 1st Louisiana Heavy Artillery
646:
2754:Naval battles of the American Civil War
2678:Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier
2200:
2162:
2143:
2124:
2083:
2061:. National Park Service. August 2, 2023
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1889:
1850:
1713:
1637:
1511:
1487:
1475:
1439:
1400:
1376:
1292:
1109:The site of the battle is preserved by
997:. The former vessel had taken 47 hits,
784: – which were crewed by
2721:
2336:
2301:The Complete Civil War Road Trip Guide
2219:
2181:
2102:
1973:
1937:
1913:
1901:
1862:
1835:
1818:
1794:
1770:
1725:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1649:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1499:
1451:
1352:
1340:
1304:
1280:
1268:
1222:
1210:
1186:
1174:
1162:
258:
2407:Mississippi in the American Civil War
2379:
2298:
2279:
2045:
1925:
1877:
1806:
1782:
1625:
651:Grant's Operations against Vicksburg.
532:, which was a strategy to defeat the
232:
16:1863 battle of the American Civil War
2703:
1115:National Register of Historic Places
500:National Register of Historic Places
13:
2364:
1228:
635:. Confederate regional commander
528:military leadership developed the
438:, and then advance on the city. A
14:
2785:
2265:. New York, New York: Routledge.
673:harassed Union Navy vessels from
2702:
2693:
2692:
149:
132:
2320:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
2203:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
2165:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
2146:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
2127:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
2051:
1127:
864:29th Illinois Infantry Regiment
804:and a covered passageway. The
207:10,000 men on transport vessels
1111:Grand Gulf Military State Park
1032:Grand Gulf Military State Park
810:6th Missouri Infantry Regiment
806:3rd Missouri Infantry Regiment
625:Steele's Greenville expedition
496:Grand Gulf Military State Park
308:Steele's Greenville expedition
1:
2739:Claiborne County, Mississippi
2261:Silverstone, Paul H. (2006).
1149:
898:. A second wave composed of
877:was in the lead, followed by
589:Forrest's West Tennessee Raid
534:Confederate States of America
505:
204:
2201:Kennedy, Frances H. (1998).
2084:Ballard, Michael B. (2004).
1021:
1001:35, and the latter over 80.
945:rifle pits near Fort Cobun.
812:. Two more cannons and the
7:
2337:Wright, William C. (1982).
2263:Civil War Navies, 1855–1883
860:58th Ohio Infantry Regiment
512:Mississippi River campaigns
10:
2790:
2280:Smith, Timothy B. (2023).
2182:Bearss, Edwin C. (2007) .
2108:The Campaign for Vicksburg
2077:
642:
509:
498:, which was listed on the
482:. A Union victory in the
319:Battle of Newton's Station
2688:
2650:
2596:
2540:
2504:
2497:
2441:
2413:
1058:portion of Major General
836:
826:Dawson's Missouri Battery
814:1st Confederate Battalion
798:Guibor's Missouri Battery
613:Battle of Chickasaw Bayou
303:Steele's Bayou expedition
270:
214:
193:
178:
161:
125:
49:
38:
30:
25:
2661:Fourth Military District
1962:Shea & Winschel 2003
1950:Shea & Winschel 2003
1759:Shea & Winschel 2003
1747:Shea & Winschel 2003
1614:Shea & Winschel 2003
1464:Shea & Winschel 2003
1428:Shea & Winschel 2003
1416:Shea & Winschel 2003
1389:Shea & Winschel 2003
1343:, pp. 131–132, 136.
1329:Shea & Winschel 2003
1317:Shea & Winschel 2003
1201:, pp. 15–16, 18–20.
1199:Shea & Winschel 2003
1120:
1104:turning point in the war
759:Battle of Snyder's Bluff
57:April 29, 1863
2299:Weeks, Michael (2009).
1088:Battle of Champion Hill
1048:Bruinsburg, Mississippi
794:Wade's Missouri Battery
675:Grand Gulf, Mississippi
488:Battle of Champion Hill
480:Bruinsburg, Mississippi
454:Grand Gulf, Mississippi
74:Grand Gulf, Mississippi
2583:Big Black River Bridge
1040:Disharoon's plantation
1034:
846:
739:Port Hudson, Louisiana
666:
603:, Sherman's men began
550:Vicksburg, Mississippi
546:New Orleans, Louisiana
428:Vicksburg, Mississippi
355:Big Black River Bridge
162:Commanders and leaders
1068:Battle of Port Gibson
1029:
844:
650:
490:on May 16, began the
484:Battle of Port Gibson
215:Casualties and losses
95:32.02917°N 91.05611°W
1589:, pp. 307, 309.
1355:, pp. 8, 10–11.
1259:, pp. 154, 156.
1100:Battle of Gettysburg
1096:Siege of Port Hudson
747:Jackson, Mississippi
735:Mississippi Squadron
465:Mississippi Squadron
415:forces commanded by
405:Battle of Grand Gulf
185:Mississippi Squadron
26:Battle of Grand Gulf
2764:1863 in Mississippi
2619:Brice's Cross Roads
2371:CWSAC Report Update
2036:, pp. 437–438.
2024:, pp. 171–173.
2012:, pp. 167–170.
1988:, pp. 164–166.
1976:, pp. 451–452.
1952:, pp. 110–111.
1940:, pp. 412–413.
1916:, pp. 364–365.
1904:, pp. 347–351.
1865:, pp. 314–315.
1773:, pp. 208–209.
1761:, pp. 103–104.
1716:, pp. 218–219.
1640:, pp. 217–219.
1601:, pp. 361–362.
1538:, pp. 306–307.
1526:, pp. 267–268.
1502:, pp. 359–360.
1478:, pp. 214–216.
1379:, pp. 196–197.
1295:, pp. 192–193.
1213:, pp. 135–138.
1177:, pp. 117–118.
1117:on April 11, 1972.
1044:Rodney, Mississippi
780:, and a 30-pounder
766:Carter L. Stevenson
587:on December 20 and
100:32.02917; -91.05611
91: /
2729:Vicksburg campaign
1466:, pp. 99–100.
1367:, pp. 20, 53.
1092:Siege of Vicksburg
1060:James B. McPherson
1035:
979:amphibious landing
847:
755:Hard Times Landing
731:David Dixon Porter
667:
621:John A. McClernand
597:Memphis, Tennessee
593:William T. Sherman
585:Holly Springs Raid
542:Mississippi Valley
522:American Civil War
516:Vicksburg campaign
492:Siege of Vicksburg
472:David Dixon Porter
432:Vicksburg campaign
409:American Civil War
390:Jackson expedition
375:Goodrich's Landing
283:Holly Springs Raid
262:Vicksburg campaign
33:Vicksburg campaign
2774:April 1863 events
2759:Conflicts in 1863
2716:
2715:
2646:
2645:
2359:on July 22, 2014.
2329:978-0-395-74012-5
2310:978-0-88150-860-4
2291:978-0-7006-3566-5
2272:978-0-415-97870-5
2253:978-0-8032-9344-1
2234:978-1-4516-4139-4
2221:Miller, Donald L.
2212:978-0-395-74012-5
2193:978-1-4262-0093-9
2174:978-0-395-74012-5
2155:978-0-395-74012-5
2136:978-0-395-74012-5
1454:, pp. 96–97.
1430:, pp. 98–99.
1331:, pp. 93–94.
1319:, pp. 92–93.
1283:, pp. 20–21.
1271:, pp. 19–22.
1080:Battle of Raymond
973:, destroying the
830:ironclad warships
733:and known as the
683:Brigadier General
656: Confederate
637:John C. Pemberton
538:Mississippi River
461:ironclad warships
447:Brigadier General
436:Mississippi River
398:
397:
227:
226:
201:ironclad warships
156:CSA (Confederacy)
121:
120:
2781:
2769:Riverine warfare
2706:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2548:Newton's Station
2502:
2501:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2360:
2358:
2352:. Archived from
2343:
2333:
2314:
2295:
2276:
2257:
2238:
2216:
2197:
2178:
2159:
2140:
2121:
2104:Bearss, Edwin C.
2099:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1365:Silverstone 2006
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1016:Donald L. Miller
967:
943:
852:
726:Francis Cockrell
662:
655:
577:Ulysses S. Grant
563:Williams's Canal
440:Confederate Army
420:Ulysses S. Grant
265:
263:
253:
246:
239:
230:
229:
206:
189:Bowen's division
154:
153:
137:
136:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
64:
62:
51:
50:
43:
23:
22:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2684:
2673:Beauvoir Estate
2657:Reconstruction
2642:
2592:
2536:
2532:Chickasaw Bayou
2493:
2469:Grierson's Raid
2437:
2409:
2404:
2367:
2365:Further reading
2356:
2341:
2330:
2311:
2292:
2273:
2254:
2235:
2213:
2194:
2184:Fields of Honor
2175:
2156:
2137:
2118:
2096:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1236:"Grant's Canal"
1234:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:, pp. 6–7.
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1024:
965:
941:
856:running aground
850:
839:
824:from Arkansas,
818:Big Black River
743:Martin E. Green
671:field artillery
664:
660:
658:(dashed lines)
657:
653:
645:
633:Grierson's Raid
629:Streight's Raid
609:Chickasaw Bayou
518:
508:
401:
400:
399:
394:
365:Lake Providence
360:Milliken's Bend
313:Grierson's Raid
288:Chickasaw Bayou
266:
261:
259:
257:
203:
168:David D. Porter
148:
131:
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
76:
60:
58:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Snyder's Bluff
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:Second Corinth
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2334:
2328:
2315:
2309:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2271:
2258:
2252:
2239:
2233:
2217:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2179:
2173:
2160:
2154:
2141:
2135:
2122:
2116:
2100:
2094:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2050:
2048:, p. 102.
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
2000:, p. 167.
1990:
1978:
1966:
1964:, p. 116.
1954:
1942:
1930:
1928:, p. 364.
1918:
1906:
1894:
1892:, p. 221.
1882:
1880:, p. 362.
1867:
1855:
1853:, p. 219.
1840:
1838:, p. 363.
1823:
1821:, p. 316.
1811:
1809:, p. 361.
1799:
1797:, p. 315.
1787:
1785:, p. 360.
1775:
1763:
1751:
1749:, p. 104.
1730:
1728:, p. 312.
1718:
1697:
1695:, p. 209.
1685:
1683:, p. 311.
1673:
1671:, p. 362.
1654:
1652:, p. 309.
1642:
1630:
1628:, p. 357.
1618:
1616:, p. 103.
1603:
1591:
1579:
1577:, p. 361.
1564:
1562:, p. 307.
1552:
1550:, p. 359.
1540:
1528:
1516:
1514:, p. 158.
1504:
1492:
1490:, p. 212.
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1442:, p. 205.
1432:
1420:
1405:
1403:, p. 198.
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1307:, p. 126.
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1227:
1225:, p. 153.
1215:
1203:
1191:
1189:, p. 203.
1179:
1167:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1023:
1020:
838:
835:
719:rifled cannons
665:(solid lines)
659:
652:
644:
641:
507:
504:
426:-held city of
396:
395:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
330:Snyder's Bluff
327:
322:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
271:
268:
267:
256:
255:
248:
241:
233:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
208:
196:
195:
191:
190:
187:
181:
180:
179:Units involved
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
159:
158:
146:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
112:
108:
107:
72:
70:
66:
65:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2786:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2638:Egypt Station
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Champion Hill
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:First Corinth
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2117:0-89029-313-9
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2095:0-8078-2893-9
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2060:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1418:, p. 96.
1417:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1391:, p. 95.
1390:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1257:Winschel 1998
1253:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
972:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
917:
911:
910:
904:
903:
897:
896:
890:
889:
883:
882:
876:
875:
869:
865:
861:
857:
843:
834:
831:
827:
823:
822:sharpshooters
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:Blakely rifle
787:
783:
782:Parrott rifle
779:
775:
770:
767:
762:
760:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
701:
696:
691:
687:
686:John S. Bowen
684:
680:
676:
672:
649:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
574:Major General
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:Anaconda Plan
527:
523:
520:Early in the
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
473:
470:
467:commanded by
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
450:John S. Bowen
448:
444:
441:
437:
433:
430:, during the
429:
425:
421:
418:
417:Major General
414:
410:
406:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Champion Hill
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
320:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
293:Arkansas Post
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
278:
273:
272:
269:
264:
254:
249:
247:
242:
240:
235:
234:
231:
222:
219:
218:
213:
209:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:John S. Bowen
171:
169:
166:
165:
160:
157:
152:
147:
144:
140:
139:United States
135:
130:
129:
124:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
75:
71:
68:
67:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2552:
2426:State Troops
2354:the original
2319:
2300:
2281:
2262:
2243:
2224:
2202:
2183:
2164:
2145:
2126:
2107:
2085:
2063:. Retrieved
2053:
2041:
2034:Kennedy 1998
2029:
2022:Bearss 1998c
2017:
2010:Bearss 1998b
2005:
1998:Kennedy 1998
1993:
1986:Bearss 1998a
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1890:Ballard 2004
1885:
1858:
1851:Ballard 2004
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1721:
1714:Ballard 2004
1688:
1676:
1645:
1638:Ballard 2004
1633:
1621:
1594:
1582:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1512:Kennedy 1998
1507:
1495:
1488:Ballard 2004
1483:
1476:Ballard 2004
1471:
1459:
1447:
1440:Ballard 2004
1435:
1423:
1401:Ballard 2004
1396:
1384:
1377:Ballard 2004
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1293:Ballard 2004
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1242:December 26,
1240:. Retrieved
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1129:
1108:
1077:
1064:World War II
1056:
1036:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
984:
975:ship's wheel
970:
961:
957:
953:
949:
947:
933:
929:
925:
921:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
848:
820:, with some
778:Dahlgren gun
771:
763:
751:
723:
714:
709:
699:
695:sloop-of-war
668:
617:
571:
519:
477:
404:
402:
324:
276:
126:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
2563:Port Gibson
2421:Confederacy
1974:Bearss 1991
1938:Bearss 1991
1914:Miller 2019
1902:Bearss 1991
1863:Bearss 1991
1836:Miller 2019
1819:Bearss 1991
1795:Bearss 1991
1771:Bearss 2007
1726:Bearss 1991
1693:Bearss 2007
1681:Bearss 1991
1669:Miller 2019
1650:Bearss 1991
1599:Miller 2019
1587:Bearss 1991
1575:Miller 2019
1560:Bearss 1991
1548:Miller 2019
1536:Bearss 1991
1524:Bearss 1991
1500:Miller 2019
1452:Bearss 1991
1353:Wright 1982
1341:Miller 2019
1305:Bearss 1991
1281:Bearss 1991
1269:Bearss 1991
1223:Miller 2019
1211:Miller 2019
1187:Bearss 2007
1175:Miller 2019
1163:Miller 2019
1052:Port Gibson
663: Union
605:skirmishing
601:Yazoo River
559:infantrymen
424:Confederate
335:Port Gibson
275:Sinking of
115:Confederate
98: /
2723:Categories
2614:Yazoo City
2553:Grand Gulf
2517:Booneville
2484:Yazoo City
2464:Greenville
2454:Yazoo Pass
2414:Combatants
2065:August 23,
2046:Weeks 2009
1926:Smith 2023
1878:Smith 2023
1807:Smith 2023
1783:Smith 2023
1626:Smith 2023
1150:References
999:Pittsburgh
991:Pittsburgh
962:Mound City
958:Carondelet
954:Louisville
950:Pittsburgh
934:Mound City
930:Carondelet
926:Louisville
922:Pittsburgh
895:Mound City
888:Carondelet
881:Louisville
874:Pittsburgh
802:rifle pits
554:Union Navy
510:See also:
506:Background
458:Union Navy
413:Union Army
325:Grand Gulf
298:Yazoo Pass
86:91°03′22″W
83:32°01′45″N
61:1863-04-29
2651:Aftermath
2629:Senatobia
2588:Vicksburg
2449:Vicksburg
2442:Campaigns
2106:(1991) .
1084:was taken
1022:Aftermath
1011:Ed Bearss
1003:Tuscumbia
995:Tuscumbia
948:Although
916:Lafayette
909:Tuscumbia
710:Albatross
581:Tennessee
565:across a
502:in 1972.
463:from the
385:Vicksburg
277:USS Cairo
2698:Category
2626:Seminary
2604:Aberdeen
2479:Meridian
2223:(2019).
862:and the
715:Hartford
705:schooner
703:and the
700:Hartford
443:division
370:Richmond
194:Strength
69:Location
2708:Commons
2609:Okolona
2573:Jackson
2568:Raymond
2498:Battles
2474:Jackson
2350:9566064
2078:Sources
1090:. The
868:marines
849:At 7:00
774:parapet
679:brigade
643:Prelude
567:meander
469:Admiral
345:Jackson
340:Raymond
117:victory
59: (
2633:Tupelo
2623:Oxford
2489:Tupelo
2348:
2326:
2307:
2288:
2269:
2250:
2231:
2209:
2190:
2171:
2152:
2133:
2114:
2092:
1140:
1136:
1072:spiked
993:, and
987:Benton
971:Benton
966:
960:, and
942:
932:, and
912:, and
902:Benton
891:, and
851:
837:Battle
690:slaves
661:
654:
631:, and
524:, the
445:under
380:Helena
111:Result
2459:Bayou
2433:Union
2357:(PDF)
2342:(PDF)
1121:Notes
1046:, or
595:left
526:Union
223:18–22
220:75–80
210:4,200
143:Union
2597:1864
2541:1863
2522:Iuka
2505:1862
2346:OCLC
2324:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2207:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2067:2023
1244:2020
1142:p.m.
1134:7:45
1007:nuts
938:bows
914:USS
907:USS
900:USS
893:USS
886:USS
879:USS
872:USS
796:and
708:USS
698:USS
514:and
403:The
54:Date
681:of
2725::
1870:^
1843:^
1826:^
1733:^
1700:^
1657:^
1606:^
1567:^
1408:^
989:,
956:,
952:,
928:,
924:,
905:,
884:,
721:.
627:,
411:.
205:c.
199:7
2399:e
2392:t
2385:v
2332:.
2313:.
2294:.
2275:.
2256:.
2237:.
2215:.
2196:.
2177:.
2158:.
2139:.
2120:.
2098:.
2069:.
1246:.
321:)
317:(
252:e
245:t
238:v
145:)
141:(
63:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
