640:
He forced the men to increase their pace, and they arrived at San
Patricio 30 minutes after sundown on November 3. Westover positioned two small groups of men to guard the Nueces River crossings, about 70 yards (64 m) from the fort. As the rest of the Texians prepared for a dawn assault, two San Patricio residents wandered into their camp. Westover arrested one of them, James O'Riley, for "aiding and assisting the enemy". In exchange for his liberty, O'Riley offered to persuade the Mexican garrison to surrender. Historians have no records of what methods O'Riley used, but by 11 pm the Mexican soldiers had surrendered, without a shot fired. They were released immediately as long as they promised not to fight again during the Texas Revolution. The Texians captured the two 4-lb (1.8-kg) cannons, 18 muskets, and 3–4 pounds (1.4–1.8 kg) of powder. They also released several Texians who had been held prisoner in the fort.
690:. Several months before, Viesca had been imprisoned by the Mexican army for defying attempts by Santa Anna to disband the state legislature. He and members of his cabinet had been liberated by sympathetic soldiers and immediately travelled to Texas to recreate the state government. Westover and his men provided a military escort to Goliad, arriving on November 12. Dimmitt welcomed Viesca but refused to recognize his authority as governor. This caused an uproar in the garrison; many supported the governor, while others believed that Texas should be an independent country and should therefore not recognize the Mexican governor.
587:
forwarded the intelligence to Austin, he was not given authorization to attack. The delay proved costly to
Williams and Toole, who were marched to the Mexican interior, beyond the reach of the Texians. According to Dimmitt's angry letter to Austin, Toole begged his captors to kill him outright rather than send him on the march, which he believed would still result in his death. Dimmitt concluded, "this news, after the leniency shown to the prisoners taken here, could not fail to create a lively, and a strong excitement. The men under my command are clamorous for retaliation".
186:
697:, the commander-in-chief of the regular army. In Westover's opinion, "The men all fought bravely and those on the opposite bank of the river were enabled to operate on the flanks of the enemy above and below the crossing which they did with fine effect." Houston lauded "the conduct and bravery of the officers and men who have so handsomely acquitted themselves in the affair and so deservedly won reputation for themselves and Glory for their Country". This was the first armed skirmish fought since the
179:
705:
government. After reaching
Matamoros, Rodríguez sent a letter to the town leaders. The letter warned that the Mexican army would return and encouraged the people of San Patricio to repudiate the rebellion. One of the San Patricio federalists later wrote Dimmitt, "We have neither men nor means to withstand any force that may be sent against us." The Texians chose not to garrison men in or near San Patricio. In 1836, as part of Santa Anna's invasion of Texas, General
631:
immediately retraced their route. They did not encounter any Texian soldiers during their march and arrived on
November 1 to find the fort unmolested. Uncertain as to what the Texians intended to do, Rodríguez and the bulk of his garrison (almost 80 men) turned back towards Goliad to attempt to intercept the Texians. Between 21 and 27 soldiers, armed with two cannon, remained to defend the fort.
554:; those garrisons soon abandoned their posts and joined the larger force at Fort Lipantitlán. The Mexican soldiers at Lipantitlán began improving the defenses of their small fort. As the only remaining garrison on the Texas coast, Fort Lipantitlán was a vital link between the Mexican interior and Béxar, the political center of Texas which housed Cos and the only other force of Mexican troops in Texas.
648:
from approaching, so
Rodriguez's men dismounted and attempted to attack from both sides. After 30 minutes of fighting, the Mexicans withdrew, leaving behind 8 horses and several wounded men. The only Texian injured was Lieutenant William Bracken, who lost three fingers. Texian rifleman A. J. Jones later wrote to Fannin that 3 Mexicans had died with 14 wounded, though historian
596:
457:, the fort "was a single embankment of earth, lined within by fence rails to hold the dirt in place, and would have answered tolerably well, perhaps, for a second-rate hog pen". The embankment was surrounded by a large ditch; just outside the ditch lay adobe and wooden huts for the officers and their families.
674:
Westover sent a messenger to Rodríguez to request "another pleasant meeting". Rodríguez declined the offer and retreated with his remaining men to
Matamoros. Their departure left only one remaining group of Mexican soldiers in Texas, those under General Cos at Béxar. The Texians now controlled the
639:
Rodríguez expected the
Texians to take a direct route. his men patrolled the northern approaches to the fort. Westover's men instead approached from the east, eluding the Mexican patrols. Five miles (8 km) from San Patricio, Westover received word that Rodríguez was searching for the Texians.
399:
The commander of Fort
Lipantitlán, Nicolás Rodríguez, had been ordered to harass the Texian troops at Goliad. Rodríguez took the bulk of his men on an expedition; while they were gone, Westover's force arrived in San Patricio. On November 3, a local man persuaded the Mexican garrison to surrender,
647:
The
Texians used a small canoe to transport men across the Nueces River, and when the Mexican soldiers were sighted only half of the Texian force had crossed to the east bank of the river. As the Mexican soldiers attacked, the Texians took cover in a grove of trees. The trees prevented the cavalry
704:
The removal of
Mexican army oversight encouraged federalists in San Patricio. These men soon gained control of the municipal government, formed a militia, and elected delegates to represent them at the Consultation. However, the town remained divided; many still supported the centralist Mexican
565:
dated October 15, Dimmitt proposed an attack on Fort Lipantitlán, whose capture would "secure the frontier, provide a vital station for defense, create instability among the centralists, and encourage Mexican federalists". Most of the federalists in San Patricio were afraid of retaliation if they
449:
tribe during their periodic visits. After the Apaches abandoned the area, the campground was often used by missionaries, military units, and traders making their way between Mexico and the Texas settlements. In 1825 or 1826, Mexican officials constructed a makeshift fort, named Lipantitlán after
666:
Without draft animals, the Texians had no easy way to transport the artillery. As night approached, a cold rain began to fall, and the men became discouraged. Westover, Kerr, Linn, and Power agreed to throw the artillery in the river rather than continue to struggle with it. The Texians also
670:
Most Texians spent the night in San Patricio, housed by sympathetic locals. The Mexican troops camped outdoors near the battle site. At dawn, Westover agreed to allow the wounded Mexican soldiers to be transported to San Patricio for treatment. The following day one of the wounded soldiers,
630:
Meanwhile, the commander of the garrison at Fort Lipantitlán, Captain Nicolás Rodríguez, received orders to harass the Texians at Presidio La Bahía. On October 31, as Rodríguez and his men neared Goliad, they learned that a Texian force had left the fort earlier that day. The Mexican soldiers
626:
Rather than riding directly southwest to the fort, Westover travelled southeast to Refugio. This alternative route was likely intended to suggest that the expedition was headed for Copano Bay. An unknown number of men joined the expedition in Refugio; historian Craig Roell believes that the
586:
who had helped to found San Patricio, learned that the Lipantitlán soldiers had been ordered to retake Presidio La Bahia. Two hundred cavalry were expected to reinforce the Lipantitlán garrison before the attack, with an additional 200–300 soldiers expected later. Although Dimmitt
643:
The following day, Texians burned the wooden huts adjacent to the fort and dismantled the embankments. By 3 pm they had rounded up 14 horses and were preparing to bring the cannons back to Goliad. In the meantime, Rodriguez had travelled almost all the way to Goliad. Before he reached
574:
or for independence from Mexico. Soldiers at Lipantitlán had also imprisoned two of Dimmitt's men, John Williams and John Toole, as they tried to deliver missives to the federalist leaders in San Patricio on October 10 and 11. Dimmitt hoped to free the men after capturing Fort Lipantitlán.
675:
Gulf Coast, and so all communication between Cos and the Mexican interior must be transferred overland. The long distance involved severely slowed the delivery of messages and receipt of supplies and reinforcements. According to Groneman, this likely contributed to Cos's defeat in the
527:. The Texians staged a minor revolt against customs duties in June, and wary colonists soon began forming militias, ostensibly to protect themselves. Fearing that strong measures were needed to quell the unrest, Santa Anna ordered General
644:
Presidio La Bahía, one of his spies arrived with news that the Texians had taken Fort Lipantitlán. Rodriguez and his men—including 10 colonists from San Patricio—marched back toward the fort, arriving at about 4 pm.
415:, which meant that the troops stationed at San Antonio de Béxar could only receive reinforcements and supplies overland. Historian Bill Groneman believes that this contributed to the eventual Mexican defeat at the
493:
Repress with strong arm all those who, forgetting their duties to the nation which has adopted them as her children, are pushing forward with a desire to live at their own option without subjection to the laws.
384:(modern-day San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas). Fearing that Lipantitlán could be used as a base for the Mexican army to retake Goliad and angry that two of his men were imprisoned there, Texian commander
701:, according to historian Hobart Huson, the victory "renewed the morale of the people". News of the battle spread throughout the United States, and the Texians were widely praised in American newspapers.
404:
to return to Goliad. The Mexican soldiers attacked. After a short period, the Mexicans retreated. One Texian was injured, 3–5 Mexican soldiers were killed, and 14–17 were wounded.
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Dimmitt later chastised Westover for not following orders during the expedition. Westover refused to make an official report to Dimmitt. Instead, he sent a written report to
460:
Between 80 and 125 soldiers from the 2nd Active (Cavalry) Company of Tamaulipas were garrisoned at the fort. They collected customs duties and provided protection to
1293:
Captain Phillip Dimmitt's Commandancy of Goliad, 1835–1836: An Episode of the Mexican Federalist War in Texas, Usually Referred to as the Texian Revolution
627:
expedition grew by at least 20 men, and historian Bill Groneman estimated that Westover's force numbered 60–70 men when it reached San Patricio.
623:
and Power—rode along. The three advisors had been elected to the Consultation but delayed their departure so that they could participate in the fighting.
234:
1414:
761:
The Consultation also later refused to recognize Viesca's authority, choosing instead to create a General Council to govern Texas. Huson (1974), p. 123.
615:
The furor over the removal of Williams and Toole likely led Dimmitt to take matters into his own hands. On October 31 he sent a member of his staff,
454:
69:
671:
Mexican Lieutenant Marcellino Garcia, died. Garcia was a personal friend of Linn, and the Texians gave him a full burial with honors.
227:
1360:
1399:
407:
The injured Mexican troops were allowed to seek medical treatment in San Patricio, and the remaining Mexican soldiers retreated to
1348:
1243:
619:
Ira Westover, to take 35 men to attack Fort Lipantitlán. A self-appointed advisory committee—John J. Linn, Major
220:
17:
717:
178:
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believes that 5 Mexicans died with 17 wounded. Jones's letter mentioned that three of the wounded were the
1321:
1273:
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deposited their cache of captured ammunition and muskets in the river; in their opinion, the supplies were useless.
742:
737:
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and the following day the Texians dismantled the fort. Rodríguez returned as the Texians were crossing the swollen
607:. Fort Lipantitlán was located across the Nueces River from San Patricio. The Mexican interior lay south of the
721:
566:
openly defied Santa Anna's centralist policies. They were also reluctant to hold elections for delegates to the
524:
503:
1419:
620:
123:
377:
199:
419:, which expelled all Mexican troops from Texas. The former site of the fort is now a Texas historic site.
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In 1937, the land comprising the former site of Fort Lipantitlán was donated to the state of Texas. The
1404:
258:
528:
507:
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and Mexican colonists approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south. Smaller garrisons were located at
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1341:
Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution
325:
381:
273:
27:
Battle along the Nueces River on November 4, 1835 between the Mexican Army and Texian insurgents
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710:
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1316:. Fred Rider Cotten Popular History Series. Austin, TX: Texas State Historical Association.
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Fort Lipantitlán was built on the grounds of an old campsite along the west bank of the
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assumed command of the Texians at Presidio La Bahía. In a letter to General
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84:
71:
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570:, which would decide whether Texians were fighting for reinstatement of the
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1268:. Illustrations by Gary S. Zaboly. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
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357:
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135:
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550:. Twenty Mexican soldiers escaped and briefly took refuge at Copano and
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to lead a large force into Texas; Cos arrived in Texas on September 20.
608:
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583:
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516:
481:
469:
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412:
372:, only two Mexican garrisons remained in Texas, Fort Lipantitlán near
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in several interior Mexican states revolted against the increasingly
616:
389:
212:
654:
118:
1266:
Texian Iliad – A Military History of the Texas Revolution
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361:
770:
No record remains of the orders Westover neglected to follow.
728:. A stone marker indicates the location of the former fort.
679:, which expelled the remaining Mexican soldiers from Texas.
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On their return to Goliad, Westover's group encountered
1339:
Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998).
720:
gained control over the site in 1949. Now named the
1338:
1309:
611:, about 130 miles (210 km) from San Patricio.
450:the Lipan Apaches, at the campsite. According to
709:led Mexican forces along the Texas coastline and
411:. The Texians now had full control of the Texas
1391:
185:
1048:
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445:. The site was first occupied by a nomadic
1415:Irish-American history and culture in Texas
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1312:Remember Goliad! A History of La Bahia
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1295:. Austin, TX: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co.
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1238:. Plano, TX: Republic of Texas Press.
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658:, judge, and sheriff of San Patricio.
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603:was about 60 miles (97 km) from
538:officially began on October 2 at the
216:
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686:, the recently deposed governor of
476:, with a larger force stationed at
368:. After the Texian victory at the
24:
542:. Within days, Texian insurgents
25:
1431:
882:
1207:
1163:Huson (1974), pp. 113–120.
743:Timeline of the Texas Revolution
738:List of Texas Revolution battles
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356:on November 4, 1835 between the
184:
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1400:Battles of the Texas Revolution
1211:Lipantitlan State Historic Site
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722:Lipantitlan State Historic Site
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1:
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124:Centralist Republic of Mexico
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7:
1343:. Austin, TX: Eakin Press.
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525:Antonio López de Santa Anna
523:reign of Mexican President
504:Antonio López de Santa Anna
502: – Mexican President
364:insurgents, as part of the
10:
1436:
1227:
590:
426:
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350:Battle of Nueces Crossing
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129:
112:
45:
37:
32:
1308:Roell, Craig H. (1994).
748:
544:seized Presidio La Bahía
464:, a small settlement of
1376:27.965977°N 97.816772°W
1234:Groneman, Bill (1998).
1052:Groneman (1998), p. 36.
1028:Groneman (1998), p. 35.
886:Goliad Campaign of 1835
798:Groneman (1998), p. 37.
718:Texas State Parks Board
396:, to capture the fort.
352:, was fought along the
62:Fort Lipantitlán, near
1291:Huson, Hobart (1974).
612:
599:The Texan garrison at
529:Martín Perfecto de Cos
508:Martín Perfecto de Cos
192:location of the battle
130:Commanders and leaders
1381:27.965977; -97.816772
1236:Battlefields of Texas
1198:Huson (1974), p. 109.
1186:Hardin (1994), p. 48.
1172:Huson (1974), p. 108.
1154:Hardin (1994), p. 53.
1145:Huson (1974), p. 105.
1136:Hardin (1994), p. 47.
1120:Hardin (1994), p. 46.
1100:Hardin (1995), p. 45.
1088:Huson (1974), p. 102.
1070:Huson (1974), p. 103.
1040:Huson (1974), p. 106.
1019:Huson (1974), p. 101.
1010:Hardin (1994), p. 43.
985:Hardin (1994), p. 17.
958:Hardin (1994), p. 42.
856:Hardin (1994), p. 44.
814:Hardin (1994), p. 41.
598:
506:'s orders to General
427:Further information:
346:Battle of Lipantitlán
203:Location within Texas
158:Casualties and losses
85:27.964694°N 97.8175°W
33:Battle of Lipantitlán
18:Battle of Lipantitlan
1420:November 1835 events
994:Huson (1974), p. 98.
976:Roell (1994), p. 42.
913:Roell (1994), p. 36.
868:Roell (1994), p. 41.
842:Huson (1974), p. 97.
826:Huson (1974), p. 96.
572:Constitution of 1824
382:San Antonio de Béxar
348:, also known as the
200:class=notpageimage|
150:60–70 men
1372: /
1214:, Handbook of Texas
1208:Long, Christopher,
944:Huson (1974), p. 5.
935:Huson (1974), p. 4.
711:retook San Patricio
582:, one of the Irish
259:San Felipe Incident
168:14–17 wounded
90:27.964694; -97.8175
81: /
64:San Patricio, Texas
1262:Hardin, Stephen L.
613:
540:Battle of Gonzales
1405:Conflicts in 1835
1350:978-1-57168-152-2
1245:978-1-55622-571-0
891:Handbook of Texas
883:Roell, Craig H.,
563:Stephen F. Austin
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478:Presidio La Bahía
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211:
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140:Nicolás Rodríguez
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16:(Redirected from
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713:on February 27.
699:Battle of Goliad
688:Coahuila y Tejas
536:Texas Revolution
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370:Battle of Goliad
366:Texas Revolution
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246:Texas Revolution
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166:3–5 killed
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53:November 4, 1835
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40:Texas Revolution
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578:On October 20,
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321:Goliad massacre
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677:siege of Béxar
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650:Stephen Hardin
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592:
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559:Philip Dimmitt
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499:
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417:siege of Béxar
386:Philip Dimmitt
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1410:1835 in Texas
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707:José de Urrea
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568:Consultation
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462:San Patricio
459:
455:John J. Linn
447:Lipan Apache
435:Nueces River
432:
406:
402:Nueces River
398:
394:Ira Westover
388:ordered his
374:San Patricio
358:Mexican Army
354:Nueces River
349:
345:
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331:
304:
294:San Patricio
278:
136:Ira Westover
113:Belligerents
38:Part of the
1379: /
695:Sam Houston
584:empresarios
580:James Power
517:federalists
332:San Jacinto
284:Grass Fight
279:Lipantitlán
153:90 men
88: /
1394:Categories
1367:97°49′00″W
1364:27°57′58″N
1218:2008-07-07
896:2008-07-14
778:References
621:James Kerr
609:Rio Grande
521:centralist
470:Copano Bay
439:Gulf coast
423:Background
413:Gulf Coast
392:, Captain
299:Agua Dulce
274:Concepción
76:97°49′03″W
73:27°57′53″N
662:Aftermath
515:In 1835,
409:Matamoros
326:Matamoros
305:The Alamo
163:1 wounded
1332:30667624
1284:29704011
1264:(1994).
1254:37935129
732:See also
617:Adjutant
557:Captain
390:adjutant
376:and the
264:Gonzales
145:Strength
58:Location
1301:1207100
1228:Sources
922:Todish
655:alcalde
591:Prelude
552:Refugio
474:Refugio
437:on the
311:Refugio
1347:
1330:
1320:
1299:
1282:
1272:
1252:
1242:
924:et al.
635:Battle
601:Goliad
548:Goliad
482:Goliad
452:Texian
362:Texian
316:Coleto
269:Goliad
101:Result
749:Notes
466:Irish
443:Texas
289:Béxar
1345:ISBN
1328:OCLC
1318:ISBN
1297:OCLC
1280:OCLC
1270:ISBN
1250:OCLC
1240:ISBN
534:The
472:and
360:and
344:The
50:Date
480:in
441:of
380:at
1396::
1326:.
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785:^
497:”
490:“
484:.
1353:.
1334:.
1303:.
1286:.
1256:.
236:e
229:t
222:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
