Battle of Norfolk - Knowledge

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of the 45,641 rounds fired during all artillery missions during the conflict. 1-5 FA would contribute 5,313 rounds. 4-5 FA contributed 4,100 rounds and 4-3 FA would fire 2,339 rounds during all artillery missions during the Gulf War. These three battalions would be the most active of all 28 of the 155mm battalions present in theatre. On 20 February 1991 4-3 FA along with 2-29 FA, C 1-17 FA(MLRS), A 1-158 FA(MLRS), and A 6-27 FA(MLRS) participated in an artillery raid against multiple Iraqi targets. This raid led to the destruction of multiple Iraqi artillery and armor units along with multiple command posts. On 23 February 1991 4-3 FA along with 1-17 FA, 1-142 FA, 2-142 FA, and 1-27 FA participated in another successful artillery raid. This raid led to the destruction of additional Iraqi artillery assets, maneuver, command, and logistics targets. 1st Infantry Division Artillery and

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The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) and the 1st Infantry Division destroyed 550 Iraqi tanks and 480 other armored vehicles during combat operations. Approximately 11,500 Iraqi soldiers surrendered to the 1st Infantry Division by the end of combat operations. The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) suffered 5 M1A1 Abrams tanks destroyed or damaged during combat operations. It also suffered the loss of 5 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicles. The 1st Infantry Division, including the 2nd Armored Division(Fwd), suffered 21 soldiers killed in action and another 67 soldiers wounded in action by the end of combat operations.

1625: 479: 470: 461: 452: 443: 434: 425: 416: 407: 398: 389: 380: 371: 362: 353: 344: 222: 213: 204: 193: 1156: 130: 1278:. It took place under rainy and foggy weather conditions. It began at 0030 on 27 February 1991. During the early stages 1st Infantry Division Artillery, including 4-3 FA battalion, was decisive during combat operations performing multiple raids and fire missions. These combat operations resulted in the destruction of 50 enemy tanks, 139 APCs, 30 air defense systems, 152 artillery pieces, 27 missile launchers, 108 mortars, and 548 wheeled vehicles, 61 trench lines and bunker positions, 92 dug in and open infantry targets, and 34 logistical sites. Two American 1074:

suffered no casualties. On 18 February Iraqi mortar positions continued to conduct fire missions against the Task Force. The Task Force returned fire on the Iraqi positions with artillery fire from 4-3 FA Battalion and 1st Infantry Division Artillery. During the Iraqi mortar attacks two American soldiers were wounded. Iraqi reconnaissance elements continued to patrol the area between the Task Force and the 1st Cavalry Division. VII Corps air units and artillery conducted combat operations against Iraqi defensive positions.

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clearing the trenches and captured 160 Iraqi soldiers in the process. Once into Iraqi territory Task Force 1-41 Infantry encountered multiple Iraqi defensive positions and bunkers. These defensive positions were occupied by a brigade-sized element. Task Force 1-41 Infantry elements dismounted and prepared to engage the enemy soldiers which occupied these well-prepared and heavily fortified bunkers. The Task Force found itself engaged in six hours of combat in order to clear the extensive

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under fire from fighting positions near the disoriented 4-3 FA recon party. TF 3-66 M1A1 Abrams tanks and Bradley infantry fighting vehicles fought back with only machine guns rather than cannons to reduce the danger of hitting TF 1-41 IN, which stood just beyond the enemy. TF 3-66 AR machine gun fire drove the enemy right into TF 1-41 IN with Hillman's troops capturing all of the enemy soldiers. TF 3-66 AR recovered the members of the lost reconnaissance party unharmed.

1249: 1128: 1702:. The Iraqi Tawakalna Republican Guard division had a significant presence at Objective Dorset. The 50th Armored Brigade was the first unit the 3rd Armored Division encountered during the operation. The Iraqi defenses in this sector also consisted of three mechanized battalions from the 29th Armored Brigade and two armored and one mechanized battalion from the 9th Armored Brigade. The 46th Mechanized Brigade of the 12th Armored Division was also present. A 1657: 1715: 1204: 1447: 39: 1423: 912: 1060:. Shortly after arrival in theater Task Force 1-41 Infantry received a counter-reconnaissance mission along with the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry Regiment. This joint effort became known as Task Force Iron. Counter-reconnaissance generally includes destroying or repelling the enemy's reconnaissance elements and denying their commander any observation of friendly forces. On 15 February 1991 4th Battalion of the 1300: 1196:

captured two brigade command posts and the command post of the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The Task Force also captured a brigade commander, several battalion commanders, company commanders, and staff officers. As combat operations progressed Task Force 1-41 Infantry engaged at short range multiple dug in enemy tanks in ambush positions. For a few hours, bypassed Iraqi RPG equipped anti-tank teams,

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positions. The division also took over 7,000 Iraqi prisoners of war including two division commanders and two other general officers. British forces did not lose a single Challenger 1 tank during combat operations. The British suffered 15 soldiers killed and another 43 soldiers wounded during combat operations. The British also lost 2 Warrior APCs in a friendly fire incident.

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Division. After ninety minutes of battle over 50 Iraqi tanks and armoured personnel carriers were destroyed. That same night the British 4th Brigade destroyed a headquarters and artillery site belonging to the 807th Brigade of the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division. British infantry units cleared Iraqi defensive positions which were occupied by the Iraqi 803rd Infantry Brigade.

1383: 1738:. The Iraqi defensive network also consisted of bunkers and dug in vehicles. The Iraqis also had the support of a dozen field artillery batteries directly behind the rear of the Tawakalna Republican Guard Division. There were no soft or exposed Iraqi flanks to exploit. The 3rd Armored Division overcame these Iraqi defensive positions utilizing superior 1148:

destroyed Iraqi outposts and patrols belonging to the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The two divisions also began capturing prisoners. The 1st Infantry Division also cleared a zone between Phase Line Vermont and Phase Line Kansas. Once the 1st Infantry Division's 3rd Battalion, 37th Armor reached the Iraqi rear defensive positions it destroyed an Iraqi

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of the 12th Iraqi Armored Division. The 1st Infantry Division's two lead Brigades also clashed with the Iraqi 9th Armored Brigade and 18th Mechanized Brigade in the early stages of the battle. 1st Battalion, 1st Aviation's attack helicopters also participated in these initial battles. Elements of the Iraqi

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On 25 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 Infantry would engage and destroy the Iraqi Jihad Corps, which consisted of the 10th and 12th Armored Divisions, in direct combat. It also engaged the heavy divisions of the Republican Guard Forces Command. This formation had an arsenal of 660 tanks and another 660

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at the Iraqi formation destroying one tank. The rest of the formation was destroyed or driven away by artillery fire from 4-3 FA. On 17 February 1991 the Task Force took enemy mortar fire, however, the enemy forces managed to escape. Later that evening the Task Force received enemy artillery fire but

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The Battle of Norfolk has been recognized as the second largest tank battle in American history and the largest tank battle of the 1st Gulf War. No fewer than 13 divisions participated in the Battle of Norfolk along with multiple heavy armored brigades and elements of a regiment. American and British

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Later in the day the 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment, 7th Brigade engaged Iraqi forces at Objective Lead. The 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment destroyed over 40 Iraqi tanks and numerous other combat systems. The British forces also captured over 800 Iraqi soldiers including the Iraqi 52nd

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controlled Objective Norfolk and the Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division had ceased to exist as a fighting force. A total of eight Iraqi divisions were destroyed. Task Force 1-41 Infantry had around a dozen combat vehicles destroyed, including multiple M1A1 Abrams tanks, during combat operations.

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The two attacking brigades of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division, including the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division (Fwd), were positioned along the 75 Easting, 2,000 meters east of 73 Easting. The Brigades clashed with the Iraqi Tawakalna Division of the Republican Guard, including the 37th Brigade

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marked and proofed assault lanes under direct and indirect enemy fire to secure a foothold in enemy territory and pass the 1st Infantry Division and the British 1st Armoured Division forward. 1st Infantry Division Artillery made a significant contribution to the battle. They would fire 11,752 rounds

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After 48 hours of combat the British 1st Armoured Division destroyed or isolated four Iraqi infantry divisions (the 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th) and overran the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division in several sharp engagements. The Iraqi 80th Armored Brigade would also fall victim to the British 1st Armoured

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was given the task of breaching Iraq's initial defensive positions along the Iraq-Saudi Arabia border. The 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment handled similar responsibilities in its sector of operations. The 1st Infantry Division's 5th Battalion, 16th Infantry also played a significant role

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tank. The Iraqis fielded them in great numbers. The Iraqis also had elements of two other independent armored brigades in theater, those being the 50th and 29th Armored Brigades. The three primary elite Iraqi Republican Guard Divisions Tawakalna, Hammurabi, and the Medina Division had a strength of

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The British fielded their 1st Armoured Division. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division handled responsibilities at Objective Dorset. At the height of the battle, the 3rd Armored Division included 32 battalions and 20,533 personnel. The 3rd Armored Division was the largest coalition division in the Gulf War

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was a formidable fighting force. In its inventory were 1,487 tanks, 1,384 infantry fighting vehicles (IFV), 568 artillery pieces, 132 multiple-launch rocket systems (MLRS), 8 missile launchers, and 242 attack helicopters. It had a total troop strength of 146,321 troops. The primary forces involved

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By late 27 February the U.S. 3rd Armored Division cleared Objective Dorset after meeting stiff resistance and destroying more than 300 enemy vehicles. The 3rd Brigade, 3rd Armored Division also captured 2,500 enemy prisoners. The 3rd Brigade, 3rd Armored Division actions contributed greatly to the

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and also cleared the northeastern sector of the breach site of enemy resistance. Task Force 3-37th Armor breached the Iraqi defense clearing four passage lanes and expanding the gap under direct enemy fire. Also, on 24 February the American 1st Infantry Division along with the 1st Cavalry Division

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tactics. On 27 February 3rd Armored Division Artillery conducted 42 fire missions, and fired 827 rounds at Iraqi targets. In total 3rd Armored Division Artillery fired 2,854 rounds and its MLRS units fired 555 rockets during combat operations. U.S. A-10 attack aircraft and Apache helicopters also

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A reconnaissance party from 4-3 FA mistakenly moved well forward of the other Task Force 1-41 Infantry units. Task Force 3-66 Armor was given the assignment of looking for the lost reconnaissance party. As Task Force 3-66 Armor approached the reconnaissance party, enemy infantry foolishly took it

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The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2-16 Infantry cleared four lanes simultaneously through an enemy fortified trench system while inflicting heavy casualties. Task Force 2-16 continued the attack clearing over 13 miles of entrenched enemy positions resulting in the capture and destruction of

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fired on a trailer and a few trucks in the Iraqi sector that were observing American forces. On 16 February 1991 several groups of Iraqi vehicles appeared to be performing reconnaissance on the Task Force and were driven away by fire from 4-3 FA. Another enemy platoon, including six vehicles, was

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On 26 February 1991 British artillery units unleashed an hour-long artillery strike on Iraqi positions. It was the greatest British artillery display since World War II. That same night the British 7th Brigade fought a night tank battle against an Iraqi tank battalion from the Iraqi 52nd Armored

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destroyed 60 Iraqi tanks and 35 AFVs along the Iraq Pipeline to Saudi Arabia (IPSA). Task Force 1-41 and other 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) units would successfully secure the Iraq Pipeline to Saudi Arabia and capture a massive Iraqi logistics installation in the process. The Task Force and the 1st

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rockets were fired at Iraqi VII Corps forces during these raids. Iraq lost close to 22 artillery battalions during the initial stages of this barrage. This includes the destruction of approximately 396 Iraqi artillery pieces. By the end of these raids Iraqi artillery assets had all but ceased to

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was engaged by Iraqi infantry units armed with RPGs. The Iraqi soldiers were either killed or captured. Later that same day 4-3 FA conducted artillery strikes to the north of its position against Iraqi positions. The Iraqis would engage Task Force 1–41 with artillery and mortar fire with little

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and the Iraqi 18th Mechanized and 9th Armoured Brigades of the Republican Guard Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division along with elements from eleven other Iraqi divisions including the Iraqi 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th Infantry Divisions. The American 1st Infantry Division was quite formidable

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assets. A series of battles unfolded which resulted in heavy Iraqi casualties and the Iraqis being removed from their defensive positions with many becoming prisoners of war. Some escaped to be killed or captured by other coalition forces. In the process of clearing the bunkers Task Force 1-41

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had three M1A1 Abrams tanks damaged during combat operations. The 3rd Armored Division suffered 15 soldiers killed between December 1990 and late February 1991. Approximately 7 of the soldiers were killed in action and another 27 soldiers from the division were wounded in action during combat

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The British 1st Armoured Division had traveled 217 miles in 97 hours. The British 1st Armored Division had captured or destroyed about 300 tanks and a very large number of armored personnel carriers, trucks, reconnaissance vehicles, etc. The Desert Rats also destroyed multiple Iraqi artillery

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British forces destroyed a communications site and two artillery positions en route to Objective Bronze. British forces also destroyed 12 Iraqi tanks, 11 guns, and 20 light armor and thin skin vehicles while clearing Objective Bronze. Elements of several Iraqi infantry brigades would also be

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tanks, in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. The same day the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division with the 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry, 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor, and the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry destroyed Iraqi bunkers and combat vehicles in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry

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VII Corps suffered 62 killed and 235 wounded. It also suffered 18 M1A1 tanks destroyed or damaged, 14 Bradley Fighting Vehicles were destroyed and 9 damaged, 2 helicopters were destroyed and 3 damaged, and 9 other vehicles of various types were destroyed or damaged during combat operations.

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were destroyed by the Iraqi Republican Guard 18th Mechanized Brigade while conducting forward reconnaissance. American artillery and MLRS units continued to conduct fire missions against Iraqi targets a dozen miles to the east. With air support from the 2nd Battalion, 1st Aviation's attack

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The 4th Brigade seized Objective Steel defeating the Iraqi 103rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division in the process. As the British 4th Brigade advanced they destroyed additional Iraqi guns and fighting positions. The British lost two Warrior combat vehicles to friendly fire in the process.

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tank battalion from the 10th Armored Division was also attached to the Tawakalna Republican Guard Division. This added up to approximately eight Iraqi heavy battalions occupying Objective Dorset. In the space of only 270 square kilometers the Iraqis massed over 122 tanks, 78

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The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry destroyed elements of the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division. The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2nd Battalion, 34th Armor destroyed the 9th Armored Brigade of the Tawakalna Division of the Republican Guard.

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The British 4th Brigade destroyed an entire tank battle group which included 25 main battle tanks at Objective Copper South. The 4th Brigade also cleared Copper South of Iraqi soldiers, IFVs, artillery, logistics support vehicles, and captured two division commanders.

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British ground forces had defeated Iraqi forces during combat engagements at Objectives Copper, Zinc, Bronze, and Steel. During combat operations at Objective Zinc the British destroyed 50 enemy tanks, destroyed 50 combat vehicles, and captured 1,850 Iraqi soldiers.

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exist. One Iraqi unit that was totally destroyed during the preparation was the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division Artillery Group. The group's commander stated his unit lost 83 of its 100 guns to the artillery preparation. These raids were supplemented by air attacks by

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over 660 tanks, 660 infantry fighting vehicles, and thousands of antitank weapons, self propelled artillery, and other combat systems. The Tawakalna Republican Guard Division was Iraq's most powerful division which included approximately 14,000 soldiers, 220

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During the battle, the 4th Battalion, 37th Armor, 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division engaged elements of five Iraqi Divisions, destroyed numerous combat vehicles and captured over 450 enemy soldiers, ensuring an unprecedented victory for Coalition Forces.

1566:. That night the 48th Infantry Division was destroyed and General Alaw was captured by the British. That same night the British cleared two lines of enemy positions during close combat engagements. The British also destroyed several Iraqi companies of 1472:. It was assumed by the Corps' planners the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division would counterattack VII Corps once their penetration into Iraqi defenses was discovered. The British 1st Armoured Division had two brigades (the 4th and 7th) which participated in 1065:

reported as being to the northeast of the Task Force. They were engaged with artillery fire from 4-3 FA. Later that evening another group of Iraqi vehicles was spotted moving towards the center of the Task Force. They appeared to be Iraqi Soviet-made

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TAB H - Friendly-fire Incidents Archived 2013-06-01 at the Wayback Machine: "B Company, 3-66 Armor, Abrams (Bumper # B-66): This was the Bravo Company commander's tank. Three 120mm DU rounds hit B-66 -- one striking just below the turret, killing the

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ground attack aircraft would distinguish itself during the Gulf War. It wreaked havoc on Iraqi ground forces. U.S. A-10 "Warthog" crews would destroy 900 Iraqi tanks, 2,000 other military vehicles and 1,200 artillery pieces during combat operations.

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armour and tank tactics. The 4th Brigade was reinforced with extra engineers and artillery. The 4th Brigade was used for breakout operations and to clear the ground at the breach. The armour-heavy 7th Brigade was used for tank on tank engagements.

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were destroyed during this engagement by Task Force 1-41 Infantry. This was a slow moving division that was significantly outmatched by U.S. and British forces. Some 40 Iraqi tanks were destroyed and a similar number of other combat vehicles.

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As part of the 1st Infantry Division, Task Force 3-37 Armor attacked 186 miles across southern Iraq into northern Kuwait, severing Iraqi lines of communication, and then drove north into Iraq to assist in the seizure of the City of

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Also, on 23 February the 210th Field Artillery Brigade conducted fire missions at Iraqi targets across the berm. On 23 February the 1st Infantry Division conducted Apache helicopter raids against the Iraqi 110th Infantry Brigade.

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destruction of two Iraqi Republican Guard Divisions. In 24 hours of nearly continuous combat, the Brigade destroyed or captured 547 vehicles, including 102 tanks, 81 armored personnel carriers, 34 artillery pieces, 15

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led the 1st Infantry Division's attack across Iraq and Kuwait, cutting the Iraqi army's escape route along the Kuwait City/Basra Highway. The Squadron continued its rapid advance, culminating with the capture of the

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self-propelled howitzer, belonging to 4-3 FA Battalion, prepares to move into position to engage Iraqi forces, February 1991. 4-3 FA Battalion conducted numerous fire missions and artillery raids during the 1st Gulf

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was tasked with clearing Objective Dorset which was well defended by Iraqi forces. The 3rd Armored Division was already responsible for the destruction of 76 Iraqi tanks and 84 infantry fighting vehicles during the

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On 27 February 1991 a joint British and American artillery fire mission destroyed what was left of Iraqi artillery and infantry forces at Objective Tungsten. Approximately 70 Iraqi artillery pieces were destroyed.

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was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991.

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A British Challenger 1 tank during the 1st Gulf War. The British Challenger tank was the most efficient tank of the Gulf war suffering no losses while destroying approximately 300 Iraqi tanks during combat

1390:, 2nd Armored Division (FWD) conducts artillery strikes on Iraqi positions during the 1st Gulf War. 4-3 FA was the primary fire support battalion for Task Force 1-41 during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991. 3695: 1460:. The Challenger proved to be very effective at the Battle of Norfolk. Not a single Challenger was lost in battle and a Challenger set a record for the longest tank on tank kill at around 3 miles. 1315:

the Task Force. The Iraqi tank unit managed to destroy a Bradley Fighting Vehicle and killed three soldiers belonging to the Task Force. That same day Task Force 1-41 destroyed an Iraqi RPG team,

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all hidden in fighting positions. An artillery position was also present and destroyed. The entire enemy position was destroyed and British infantry cleared the trench lines of Iraqi soldiers.

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had driven 260 kilometers, captured 22,000 Iraqi soldiers, and destroyed 1,350 Iraqi tanks, 1,224 armored personnel carriers, 285 artillery pieces, 105 air defense systems, and 1,229 trucks.

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On 24 February 1991 the 1st Cavalry Division conducted a couple artillery missions against Iraqi artillery units. One artillery mission struck a series of Iraqi bunkers, reinforced by Iraqi

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One tank, from the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, had the distinction of the longest range tank-to-tank kill in military history, destroying an Iraqi tank at a range of around 5km (3 miles).

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In the process of moving to Phase Line Smash the British forces took artillery and anti tank fire from Iraqi forces. The Iraqis failed to inflict any casualties on the British forces.

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forces destroyed approximately 850 Iraqi tanks and hundreds of other types of combat vehicles. Two additional Republican Guard divisions were destroyed at Objective Dorset by the U.S.

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Battery C, 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Armored Division (FWD) moves into position to conduct fire missions during the Battle of Norfolk, February 1991.

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Kiwi, east of Phase Line Smash, and north of Phase Line Grape. Phase lines are map references occurring every few kilometers used to measure progress of an offensive operation.

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Current sources consider it the largest tank battle of the Gulf War. Some sources list the Battle of Norfolk as the second largest tank battle in American history behind the

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along the Line of Departure. The 3rd Armored Division inflicted heavy casualties on Iraqi forces. The 3rd Brigade alone destroyed 300 Iraqi combat vehicles of various types.

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was a key participant in the subsequent destruction of one and the rout of two Iraqi Republican Guard Divisions. Elements of the battalion destroyed 58 Iraqi tanks, 41

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and the rest of 1st Infantry Division artillery preventing Iraqi artillery from interfering, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division conducted a passage of the 2nd ACR's lines.

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main battle tank. The British 1st Armoured Division fielded approximately 176 Challenger 1 tanks. With a 120mm rifled main gun, thermal optics, and state of the art

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tanks, and dismounted Iraqi infantry fired at passing American vehicles, only to be destroyed by other US tanks and fighting vehicles following the initial forces.

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Later on 24 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 would have a hand in the destruction of the Iraqi 110th and 434th Infantry Brigades of the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division.

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attack helicopters conducted operations against the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. B-52 bombers conducted missions against the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division.

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The British 26 Field Artillery Regiment conducted fire missions against a tank heavy unit at Objective Brass. This included the destruction of 48 tanks,

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The British 7th Brigade cleared Objective Platinum destroying at least six additional T-55 tanks in dug in positions and a bunker using Milan missiles.

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On 25 February 1991 the 1st Armoured Division broke into the western flank of the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division which was commanded by Brigadier General

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destroyed an Iraqi tank at a range of 5,000 metres (3.1 mi). This was the longest recorded tank to tank kill in the history of armored warfare.

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on 28 February 1991. During this battle the U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed an additional 300 enemy vehicles and captured 2,500 Iraqi soldiers.

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was considered the best regular division in the Iraqi Army. It had more modern equipment than the other regular Iraqi units. It was equipped with

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antitank systems, and command and control vehicles; and the British possessed a variety of excellent light armoured vehicles built on their

863:, their main adversary being the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division and multiple infantry divisions. It was the final battle of the war before the 4676: 3967: 1837: 1387: 1362: 1284: 1163:'s Reconnaissance Team drive past a burning Iraqi tank. Vehicles from 4-3 FA follow closely behind during the Battle of Norfolk during the 1160: 1061: 1057: 895:, an area that encompassed the intersection of the IPSA Pipeline Road and several desert trails and a large Iraqi supply depot defended by 1230:

Early morning on 23 February the 1st Cavalry Division also conducted artillery raids and reconnaissance operations along the border berm.

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The British also took Objective Waterloo. In the process the British destroyed approximately five Iraqi divisions in 48 hours of combat.

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On 22 February and 23 February 1st Infantry Division artillery and 4-3 FA Battalion conducted artillery raids against Iraqi targets.

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Division. For several hours the 4th Brigade was involved in a battle against a battalion of dug in Iraqi soldiers and T-55 tanks.

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The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) continued to fight a series of short, sharp battles with Iraqi tank platoons as it moved across the

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On 26 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 Infantry, led by 3-66 Armor Battalion, would engage and destroy an Iraqi T-55 tank battalion.

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The British also destroyed several companies of Iraqi T-55 tanks and MT-LBs at the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division's headquarters.

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For three and a half hours 90,000 artillery rounds were fired on Iraqi defensive positions preceding the major ground assault.

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and tanks. For the next hour the Task Force fought several small battles with Iraqi reconnaissance units. TF 1-41 IN fired

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The Iraqi 52nd Armored Division was also a primary participant. It was a powerful division consisting of 245 tanks and 195

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The First Infantry Division and the U.S. Army Transformed: Road to Victory in Desert Storm, 1970-1991 by Gregory Fontenot

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Division. On 24 February 1991 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division rolled through the breach in the Iraqi defense west of

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was a heavy battalion task force from the 2nd Armored Division (Forward). It consisted primarily of the 1st Battalion,

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https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005030/http://www.2cr.army.mil/info/history/2SCR%20history%2020%20Jan%202011.pdf

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In the final operation the British 7th Brigade took Objective Cobalt while the 4th Brigade halted farther west.

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success. That same day the Task Force along with other American units continued clearing Phase Line New Jersey.

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On 27 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 destroyed another Iraqi tank unit at great range at Objective Denver. The

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The British 1st Armoured Division secured the final objectives on the Basra Highway north of Multa Ridge.

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tanks. That same night other elements of the division were engaging the Iraqi 31st Infantry Division.

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Infantry Division also cleared an extensive bunker complex which housed RPG equipped Iraqi infantry.

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tanks. The T-62 tank being its primary system. Overall the primary tank of the Iraqi forces was the

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While taking Objective Platinum 2 the British destroyed an Iraqi tank company in the process.

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attack aircraft units distinguished themselves during combat operations during the Gulf war.

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tanks after an attack by the British 1st Armoured Division during Operation Desert Storm.

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On 27 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 Infantry destroyed an Iraqi T-55 tank battalion that

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Iraqi tanks destroyed by Task Force 1-41 Infantry during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991.

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https://247wallst.com/special-report/2023/09/02/the-15-largest-tank-battles-of-all-time/

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The Battle of Norfolk was in a sense a continuation of the fighting that began with the

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attack Iraqi positions at the Battle of Norfolk during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991.

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U.S. Army (March 1991). After action report for the M1A1 Abrams tank B-23. U.S. Army.

3555: 1108: 1091: 896: 836: 792: 687: 636: 135: 77: 3859:

Desert Redleg: Artillery Warfare in the First Gulf War by Col. L. Scott Lingamfelter

1730:

Initially thousands of Iraqi infantrymen engaged the U.S. 3rd Armored Division with

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Task Force 1-41 captured almost an entire Iraqi tank battalion on 27 February 1991.

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Desert Rats:The British 4 and 7 Armoured Brigades, WW2 to Today by Hans Halberstadt

3771: 3539: 2564:"United States Army 3rd Armored Division (Spearhead) | City of Grove Oklahoma" 2150: 2104: 1527:. The British had their full contingent of engineer, logistics, and medical units. 1473: 973: 820: 765: 711: 655: 4559: 4531: 4445: 4067: 1708: 1520: 1404: 1188: 1104: 883:

The battle took place about 60 miles (97 km) east of and 18 hours after the

816: 4582: 4546: 1500: 828: 276: 180: 122: 2930:"Correcting Myths About the Persian Gulf War: The Last Stand of the Tawakalna" 1476:, the name given to the British military operations during the 1991 Gulf War. 4665: 3819: 3753:

The road to Safwan the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry in the 1991 Persian Gulf War

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guns and captured hundreds of tons of supplies and 528 prisoners of war. The

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Armored Division commander while destroying additional Iraqi infantry units.

1508: 1504: 1484: 1358: 1351: 1338: 1144: 1077: 1066: 981: 891:, which had ended just two hours earlier. The Battle of Norfolk is named for 824: 324: 312: 300: 288: 264: 252: 239: 171: 160: 149: 110: 3743: 1546: 1515:

which were compatible with American systems. Their air support consisted of

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and B-52 bombers conducted raids against Iraq's 110th Infantry Brigade. The

969:

and the largest U.S. armored division in history. It equipment included 360

4387: 1618:

British forces destroyed another 25 tanks and 20 APCs at position Brass 3.

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This small but powerful division was commanded by 47-year-old Maj. General

1480: 1453: 1450: 1412: 1164: 1121: 185: 1682: 1248: 4369: 3899: 3266: 1555: 1488: 1316: 1127: 2141:

Scales, Brig. Gen. Robert H.: Certain Victory. Brassey's, 1994, p. 279.

1714: 1656: 1524: 1347: 1203: 1070: 977: 946: 923:

pose with a captured Iraqi tank during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991.

44: 3709:. Washington, D.C.: US Army Center of Military History. Archived from 3656:"4 of the US military's largest tank battles came during the Gulf War" 3590:

Scales, Brig. Gen. Robert H.: Certain Victory. Brassey's, 1994, p. 279

1512: 1197: 1192: 970: 957:(Fwd) would spearhead the U.S. 1st Infantry Division and the rest of 942: 1446: 4592: 3935: 1817: 1379:

pieces, and other large quantities of ammunition and war material.

1216:

numerous enemy vehicles, equipment, personnel and command bunkers.

1211:

during a night combat operation during the Gulf war, February 1991.

648: 609: 38: 30: 3735: 3488:"3d Armored Division Artillery Historical Summary - Desert Storm" 1661: 1422: 911: 3773:

Environmental Exposure Report, Depleted Uranium in the Gulf (II)

1283:

helicopters and fire support from both the 4th Battalion of the

938:

3rd Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division (Fwd) ('Hell on Wheels')

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Army's Office of Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans

2514:

Conduct of the Persian Gulf War: final report to Congress p.339

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into Kuwait. On 27 February 1991 an Iraqi tank unit attacked

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destroyed multiple Iraqi tanks in defensive entrenchments.

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Conduct of the Persian Gulf War: final report to Congress

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of southern Iraq. The primary participants were the U.S.

3694:, United States. Dept. of Defense, 1992, archived from 3519:

http://www.3ad.com/history/gulf.war/divarty.summary.htm

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chassis. British artillery was primarily American made

2936: 2505: 2449:"The untold story of the world's fiercest tank battle" 2350: 3554:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press (1993). 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3337: 3335: 2820: 2818: 2808: 2806: 1768:

By the end of combat operations on 28 February 1991,

3866:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1993. 3864:

The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard

3552:

The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard

2639: 2461: 3707:"Desert Storm/Shield Valorous Unit Award Citations" 3454: 3452: 3296:"Remembering Operation Granby - 30 years ago today" 3137: 915:Soldiers of 2nd Platoon, Company C, 1st Battalion, 3802:M1 Abrams vs T-72 Ural:Operation Desert Storm 1991 3730:. Center of Military History, United States Army. 3365: 3353: 3332: 2922: 2815: 2803: 2764: 2762: 2390: 2388: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 1468:was responsible for protecting the right flank of 859:was responsible for protecting the right flank of 3885:Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3121: 3119: 2898:Desert Storm/Shield Valorous Unit Award Citations 2522: 2520: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2018: 2016: 4663: 3755:. Denton, Tex: University of North Texas Press. 3449: 2953: 2951: 2915: 2913: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2725: 2723: 2695: 2693: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1893: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1354:" incident of the Gulf War on 27 February 1991. 1179:complex. The Iraqis engaged the Task Force with 2894: 2892: 2890: 2759: 2609: 2607: 2385: 2200: 2116: 2114: 2112: 1905: 1903: 1491:tank. British infantry rode into battle on the 1152:artillery battery and many trucks and bunkers. 50:tank at the Battle of Norfolk, 26 February 1991 3728:Jayhawk! The 7th Corps in the Persian Gulf War 3390: 3182: 3116: 2517: 2473: 2362: 2330: 2310: 2155: 2123: 4348: 3920: 3750: 2983: 2981: 2948: 2910: 2873: 2859: 2845: 2720: 2690: 2616: 2579: 2292: 2218: 2169: 2070: 1993: 1888: 1876: 1487:, its only rival in-theatre was the American 899:armor. Objective Norfolk was located west of 593: 3887:, by Rick Atkinson, Houghton Mifflin, 1993. 3785:. Spearhead #6. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan. 3267:"National Army Museum Middle East: Gulf War" 2887: 2604: 2109: 2099: 2097: 2095: 1900: 1838:3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States) 1747:conducted operations against Iraqi targets. 1159:Elements of Battery C, 4th Battalion of the 3482: 3480: 3478: 3416:"The British Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank" 1107:fixed wing gunships. 1st Infantry Division 4355: 4341: 3927: 3913: 3751:Bourque, Stephen A.; Burdan, John (2007). 2978: 1787: 600: 586: 4692:Tank battles involving the United Kingdom 2092: 1035: 4682:Tank battles involving the United States 3780: 3705: 3475: 2648: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 1791: 1713: 1676: 1655: 1623: 1545: 1445: 1421: 1381: 1332: 1298: 1247: 1202: 1154: 1126: 1076: 910: 819:fought on February 27, 1991, during the 3829:Bradley vs BMP : Desert Storm 1991 3826: 3769: 3725: 3544: 3273:. National Army Museum. 26 January 2021 2942: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 1734:antitank missiles and RPGs from dug in 1479:The 1st Armoured was equipped with the 1441: 1263:during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991. 4664: 3799: 1777:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II 4336: 3908: 1523:which was comparable to the American 887:, and several kilometers east of the 581: 3853:Challenger Squadron by Simon Dunstan 2232: 306:3rd Armored Division (United States) 4677:Battles involving the United States 3783:1st Infantry Division 'Big Red One' 2435:"8 Largest Tank Battles in History" 1672: 1519:, used for reconnaissance, and the 1427:M270 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems 1090:The breach was preceded by a heavy 990:M270 multiple-launch rocket systems 13: 1280:Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicles 845:1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) 568:300 tanks destroyed & captured 14: 4718: 1534:. He was a member of the British 1191:fire, and what was left of Iraqi 4362: 3662: 3648: 3634: 3620: 3611: 3602: 3593: 3584: 3574: 3565: 3533: 3524: 3512: 3503: 3494: 3466: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3408: 3381: 3344: 3323: 3314: 3288: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3128: 3107: 3098: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3053: 1493:Warrior tracked armoured vehicle 932:in the battle were the American 865:unilateral ceasefire took effect 823:, between armored forces of the 477: 468: 459: 450: 441: 432: 423: 414: 405: 396: 387: 378: 369: 360: 351: 342: 323: 311: 299: 287: 275: 263: 251: 238: 226:Brig-Gen. Bassil Omar Al-Shalham 220: 211: 202: 191: 179: 170: 159: 148: 128: 115: 103: 37: 4707:History of Muthanna Governorate 3878: 3460:"Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank" 3044: 3035: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2999: 2990: 2969: 2960: 2901: 2836: 2827: 2794: 2785: 2776: 2750: 2741: 2732: 2711: 2702: 2681: 2672: 2663: 2654: 2630: 2595: 2570: 2556: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2496: 2487: 2441: 2427: 2416: 2402: 2376: 2191: 2144: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2025: 1984: 1975: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1600:destroyed at Objective Bronze. 1028:, 126 artillery pieces, and 18 906: 557:300 tanks & IFVs destroyed 545:396 artillery pieces destroyed 543:480 armoured vehicles destroyed 4213:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel 1930: 1921: 1912: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1327:2nd Armored Division (Forward) 986:McDonnell-Douglas AH-64 Apache 961:throughout the war. The U.S. 947:M2A2 Bradley fighting vehicles 841:2nd Armored Division (Forward) 1: 3679: 1003:were also present. The Iraqi 318:210th Field Artillery Brigade 208:Brig-Gen. Saheb Mohammed Alaw 4697:February 1991 events in Iraq 4063:Iraq–United States relations 3934: 3726:Bourque, Stephen A. (2001). 1763: 1742:along with well coordinated 1736:defensive fighting positions 1400:4th Armored Cavalry Regiment 1388:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 1285:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 1161:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 1062:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 1058:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 992:, and additional equipment. 781:Kuwait International Airport 607: 7: 4687:Tank battles involving Iraq 4441:Second Battle of El Alamein 4401:Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski 2454:National Geographic Society 1811: 1207:An Iraqi tank destroyed by 878: 16:Tank battle in the Gulf War 10: 4723: 4565:Battle of the Chinese Farm 4524:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 4491:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 4004:Petroleum industry in Iraq 3800:Zaloga, Steven J. (2009). 3776:, US Department of Defense 1583:Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 1552:Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 1026:infantry fighting vehicles 851:would be the spearhead of 642:British Airways Flight 149 4624: 4591: 4573: 4545: 4522: 4489: 4386: 4368: 4309: 4293: 4221: 4200: 4182:Operation Senior Surprise 4177:Operation Instant Thunder 4157: 4081: 4045: 4012: 3981: 3960: 3942: 3770:Rostker, Bernard (2000), 2669:Bourque & Burdan p.95 1219: 1085: 1056:, and the 4th Battalion, 997:armored fighting vehicles 978:Bradley Fighting Vehicles 617: 487: 294:2nd Armored Division(Fwd) 230: 217:Gen. Ayad Futayih al-Rawi 141: 96: 54: 36: 28: 23: 4471:Battle of the Dukla Pass 4378:Battle of Cambrai (1917) 4317:History of the M1 Abrams 4187:Amiriyah shelter bombing 2502:Bourque pp.265, 248, 251 1843: 1833:History of the M1 Abrams 1693:On 26 February the U.S. 1581:A Challenger 1 from the 1456:main battle tank during 1261:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 1239:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 1209:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 1172:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 1132:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 1046:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 1041:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 965:was also a participant. 951:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 921:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 849:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 4672:Battles of the Gulf War 4252:Draining of the marshes 4022:Battle of Dasman Palace 1788:Historical significance 1377:anti-aircraft artillery 474:11th Mechanized Brigade 438:18th Mechanized Brigade 74:Al Muthanna Governorate 4611:Battle of Medina Ridge 4435:Operation Winter Storm 4416:Battle of Brody (1941) 4411:Battle of Sedan (1940) 4396:Battle of Khalkhin Gol 4322:Lion of Babylon (tank) 4172:"Package Q" air strike 4046:Coalition intervention 3827:Guardia, Mike (2016). 3781:Westwell, Ian (2001). 3550:James G. Burton, Col. 3050:Lingamfelter P.190-191 2359:Halberstadt P.117, 121 1990:Bourque pp.134,144,377 1828:Battle of Medina Ridge 1801: 1727: 1690: 1665: 1630: 1559: 1461: 1458:Operation Desert Storm 1430: 1391: 1373:1st Engineer Battalion 1343: 1304: 1264: 1212: 1168: 1135: 1117:9th Engineer Battalion 1113:1st Engineer Battalion 1082: 1050:41st Infantry Regiment 1036:Counter reconnaissance 1001:12th Armored Divisions 999:. The Iraqi 10th and 988:attack helicopters, 9 924: 917:41st Infantry Regiment 833:Iraqi Republican Guard 712:"Package Q" Air Strike 649:Coalition intervention 572:Heavy artillery losses 465:110th Infantry Brigade 420:48th Infantry Division 411:31st Infantry Division 402:26th Infantry Division 393:25th Infantry Division 142:Commanders and leaders 4616:Battle of Al Busayyah 4450:Battle of Prokhorovka 4208:Iraq–Israel relations 4027:Battle of the Bridges 3509:Bourque P.340,341,342 3320:Halberstadt P.116-117 1795: 1717: 1680: 1659: 1627: 1549: 1466:1st Armoured Division 1449: 1435:1st Infantry Division 1425: 1386:4th Battalion of the 1385: 1336: 1302: 1293:12th Armored Division 1251: 1206: 1158: 1130: 1080: 1005:10th Armored Division 980:, 128 self-propelled 934:1st Infantry Division 914: 885:Battle of Al Busayyah 857:1st Armoured division 488:Casualties and losses 384:52nd Armored Division 375:17th Armored Division 366:12th Armored Division 357:10th Armored Division 282:1st Armoured Division 258:1st Infantry Division 4644:Battle of Debaltseve 4634:Battle of Novoazovsk 4601:Battle of 73 Easting 4504:Battle of Asal Uttar 4499:Operation Grand Slam 4466:Battle of Studzianki 4431:Battle of Stalingrad 3952:Disarmament timeline 3143:Zaloga (2009), p. 64 2470:Bourque P.333, P.337 1823:Battle of 73 Easting 1757:3rd Armored Division 1724:3rd Armored Division 1700:Battle of 73 Easting 1695:3rd Armored Division 1687:3rd Armored Division 1558:during the Gulf War. 1550:Challenger 1 of the 1442:British contribution 1346:In the thick of the 1276:Battle of 73 Easting 1237:On 24 February 1991 963:1st Cavalry Division 955:2nd Armored Division 889:Battle of 73 Easting 873:3rd Armored Division 734:Liberation of Kuwait 707:Dhahran & Riyadh 505:4– 5 IFVs destroyed 483:80th Armored Brigade 456:29th Armored Brigade 447:50th Armored Brigade 330:4th Cavalry Regiment 270:1st Cavalry Division 4626:Russo-Ukrainian War 4481:Battle of the Bulge 4476:Battle of Arracourt 4310:Military technology 4285:Iraq–Kuwait barrier 4053:U.N. Resolution 661 4037:U.N. Resolution 660 3713:on 13 December 2014 2907:Bourque, pp.113-133 2437:. 15 December 2022. 1806:Battle of the Bulge 1740:command and control 1564:Saheb Mohammed Alaw 1517:Gazelle helicopters 1101:B-52 Stratofortress 1054:66th Armor Regiment 831:, and those of the 541:550 tanks destroyed 429:9th Armored Brigade 198:Salah Aboud Mahmoud 62:27–28 February 1991 4649:Battle of Vuhledar 4639:Mariupol offensive 4537:Battle of Basantar 4514:Battle of Chawinda 4509:Battle of Phillora 4461:Battle of Radzymin 4456:Operation Goodwood 4421:Operation Crusader 4257:Gulf War oil spill 4073:Military equipment 4014:Invasion of Kuwait 2824:Lingamfelter p.135 2812:Lingamfelter p.191 2772:. 20 January 2015. 2738:Bourque p. 159-160 1918:Bourque pp.331,335 1802: 1728: 1691: 1666: 1631: 1560: 1536:Parachute Regiment 1462: 1433:By dawn, the U.S. 1431: 1398:The 1st Squadron, 1392: 1344: 1305: 1265: 1259:tank destroyed by 1213: 1169: 1136: 1109:Apache helicopters 1083: 941:consisting of 334 925: 621:Invasion of Kuwait 348:Tawakalna Division 155:Norman Schwarzkopf 4702:Conflicts in 1991 4657: 4656: 4606:Battle of Norfolk 4330: 4329: 4267:Gulf War syndrome 4242:Kuwaiti oil fires 4114:Phase Line Bullet 4032:Battle of Failaka 3947:Conflict timeline 3862:Burton, James G. 3838:978-1-4728-1520-0 3672:. 10 August 2022. 3644:. 10 August 2022. 3437:Halberstadt P.121 3387:Halberstadt P.120 3378:Halberstadt P.119 3362:Halberstadt P.118 3341:Halberstadt P.117 3302:. 14 January 2021 3113:Bourque P.334,335 2800:Bourque P.156-157 2412:. 10 August 2022. 1538:and an expert on 1268:combat vehicles. 1092:artillery barrage 1052:, 3rd Battalion, 974:main battle tanks 893:Objective Norfolk 837:Muthanna Province 813:Battle of Norfolk 806: 805: 756:Phase Line Bullet 702:Air to Air combat 576: 575: 503:5 tanks destroyed 92: 91: 88:Coalition victory 24:Battle of Norfolk 4714: 4426:Battle of Gazala 4406:Battle of Hannut 4357: 4350: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4262:Depleted uranium 4201:Impact on Israel 4129:Highway of Death 3994:Operation Simoom 3929: 3922: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3842: 3831:. Random House. 3823: 3796: 3777: 3766: 3747: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3702: 3700: 3693: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3658:. 10 April 2022. 3652: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3630:. 30 April 2016. 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3563: 3548: 3542: 3540:official account 3537: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3484: 3473: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3456: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3388: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3363: 3360: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3330: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3180: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3114: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2976: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2932:. 30 April 2015. 2926: 2920: 2917: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2885: 2882: 2871: 2868: 2857: 2854: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2813: 2810: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2766: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2614: 2611: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2515: 2512: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2471: 2468: 2459: 2458: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2398:. 16 April 2021. 2392: 2383: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2360: 2357: 2348: 2345: 2328: 2325: 2308: 2305: 2290: 2287: 2230: 2227: 2216: 2213: 2198: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2167: 2164: 2153: 2151:official account 2148: 2142: 2139: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2107: 2101: 2090: 2087: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2023: 2020: 1991: 1988: 1982: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1898: 1895: 1886: 1883: 1874: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1856: 1853: 1818:Persian Gulf War 1673:Objective Dorset 1474:Operation Granby 1322:, and a bunker. 1254:Republican Guard 1167:, February 1991. 982:155 mm howitzers 927:The U.S. Army's 821:Persian Gulf War 766:Highway of Death 667:Naval operations 612: 602: 595: 588: 579: 578: 570:Heavy IFV losses 564:Heavy casualties 553:Heavy casualties 549:Objective Dorset 537:Heavy casualties 528:2 IFVs destroyed 517:3 tanks damaged 509:Objective Dorset 482: 481: 473: 472: 464: 463: 455: 454: 446: 445: 437: 436: 428: 427: 419: 418: 410: 409: 401: 400: 392: 391: 383: 382: 374: 373: 365: 364: 356: 355: 347: 346: 328: 327: 316: 315: 304: 303: 292: 291: 280: 279: 268: 267: 256: 255: 243: 242: 225: 224: 216: 215: 207: 206: 196: 195: 184: 183: 175: 174: 166:Frederick Franks 164: 163: 153: 152: 134: 132: 131: 121: 119: 118: 109: 107: 106: 56: 55: 41: 31:Persian Gulf War 21: 20: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4662: 4661: 4658: 4653: 4620: 4587: 4569: 4560:Valley of Tears 4541: 4532:Battle of Chamb 4518: 4485: 4446:Battle of Kursk 4382: 4364: 4361: 4331: 4326: 4305: 4289: 4279:Provide Comfort 4217: 4196: 4167:Air engagements 4153: 4077: 4068:Carter Doctrine 4041: 4008: 3977: 3956: 3938: 3933: 3881: 3839: 3812: 3793: 3763: 3716: 3714: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3485: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3276: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2888: 2883: 2874: 2869: 2860: 2855: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2768: 2767: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2708:Bourque, p. 102 2707: 2703: 2698: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2474: 2469: 2462: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2393: 2386: 2382:Dinackus P.4–10 2381: 2377: 2372: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2346: 2331: 2326: 2311: 2306: 2293: 2288: 2233: 2228: 2219: 2215:Westwell, p. 88 2214: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2170: 2165: 2156: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2110: 2102: 2093: 2088: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2021: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1901: 1896: 1889: 1884: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1814: 1790: 1766: 1722:knocked out by 1685:tanks from the 1675: 1521:Lynx helicopter 1444: 1405:Safwan Airfield 1222: 1105:Lockheed AC-130 1088: 1038: 909: 881: 809: 808: 807: 802: 741:Order of battle 627:Kuwaiti Bridges 613: 608: 606: 571: 569: 567: 566:7,000+ captured 565: 563: 559: 556: 554: 552: 544: 542: 540: 539:11,500 captured 538: 536: 533:American Sector 527: 525: 523: 516: 514: 512: 504: 502: 500: 498: 495:American Sector 476: 475: 467: 466: 458: 457: 449: 448: 440: 439: 431: 430: 422: 421: 413: 412: 404: 403: 395: 394: 386: 385: 377: 376: 368: 367: 359: 358: 350: 349: 341: 322: 310: 298: 286: 274: 262: 250: 237: 219: 218: 210: 209: 201: 200: 190: 178: 177: 176:Thomas G. Rhame 169: 168: 158: 157: 147: 129: 127: 116: 114: 113: 104: 102: 80: 63: 43:A dug-in Iraqi 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4720: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4597: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4583:Operation Nasr 4579: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4555:Operation Badr 4551: 4549: 4547:Yom Kippur War 4543: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4443: 4438: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4337: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4247:1991 uprisings 4244: 4239: 4237:Iraq sanctions 4234: 4231:Southern Watch 4225: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4018: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3999:Ba'athist Iraq 3996: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3932: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3824: 3810: 3797: 3791: 3778: 3767: 3761: 3748: 3723: 3703: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3675: 3661: 3647: 3633: 3619: 3617:Bourque, p.336 3610: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3573: 3564: 3543: 3532: 3523: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3474: 3465: 3448: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3407: 3389: 3380: 3364: 3352: 3343: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3287: 3271:www.nam.ac.uk/ 3258: 3249: 3240: 3238:Bourque, p.276 3231: 3229:Bourque, p.261 3222: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3181: 3172: 3170:Bourque, p.100 3163: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3115: 3106: 3104:Fontenot P.294 3097: 3088: 3086:Bourque, p.331 3079: 3077:Bourque, p.330 3070: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2947: 2945:, p. 194. 2935: 2921: 2909: 2900: 2886: 2872: 2858: 2844: 2835: 2833:Bourque P. 163 2826: 2814: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2782:Bourque pp.163 2775: 2758: 2749: 2747:Bourque p. 160 2740: 2731: 2719: 2717:Bourque, p.103 2710: 2701: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2638: 2629: 2615: 2603: 2594: 2578: 2569: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2526:Bourque, p.134 2516: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2484:Bourque, p.260 2472: 2460: 2440: 2426: 2415: 2401: 2384: 2375: 2373:Bourque, p.144 2361: 2349: 2347:Bourque, p.377 2329: 2327:Bourque, p.275 2309: 2291: 2231: 2217: 2199: 2190: 2168: 2166:Bourque, p.471 2154: 2143: 2131: 2129:Bourque, p.336 2122: 2108: 2091: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2042: 2033: 2024: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1938: 1929: 1920: 1911: 1899: 1897:Bourque, p.333 1887: 1885:Bourque, p.164 1875: 1866: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1813: 1810: 1789: 1786: 1765: 1762: 1674: 1671: 1509:M110 howitzers 1505:M109 howitzers 1501:FV101 Scorpion 1443: 1440: 1221: 1218: 1087: 1084: 1037: 1034: 908: 905: 880: 877: 855:. The British 829:United Kingdom 804: 803: 801: 800: 795: 787:Post-ceasefire 784: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 730: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 691: 690: 685: 680: 675: 664: 663: 658: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 618: 615: 614: 605: 604: 597: 590: 582: 574: 573: 561:British Sector 555:2,500 captured 529: 520:British Sector 490: 489: 485: 484: 339: 338: 337: 336: 335: 320: 308: 296: 284: 272: 260: 233: 232: 231:Units involved 228: 227: 188: 144: 143: 139: 138: 136:Ba'athist Iraq 125: 123:United Kingdom 99: 98: 94: 93: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 72: 70: 66: 65: 60: 52: 51: 34: 33: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4719: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4660: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4575:Iran–Iraq War 4572: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4094:Wadi al-Batin 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989:Iran–Iraq War 3987: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3873: 3872:1-55750-081-9 3869: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3811:9781846034077 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3792:9780711029231 3788: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3768: 3764: 3762:9781574412321 3758: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3701:on 2012-11-15 3697: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3671: 3665: 3657: 3651: 3643: 3637: 3629: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3577: 3568: 3561: 3560:1-55750-081-9 3557: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3536: 3530:Bourque p.339 3527: 3520: 3515: 3506: 3500:Bourque P.340 3497: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3472:Bourque P.344 3469: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3446:Bourque P.395 3443: 3434: 3428:Bourque p.275 3425: 3417: 3411: 3405:Bourque P.315 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3384: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3350:Bourque p.276 3347: 3338: 3336: 3329:Bourque p.275 3326: 3317: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3284: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3256:Bourque P.276 3253: 3247:Bourque p.265 3244: 3235: 3226: 3217: 3211:Westwell P.88 3208: 3202:Bourque p.373 3199: 3193:Bourque P.375 3190: 3188: 3186: 3176: 3167: 3161:Bourque p.336 3158: 3152:Bourque p.337 3149: 3140: 3134:Bourque P.372 3131: 3125:Bourque P.335 3122: 3120: 3110: 3101: 3095:Bourque p.333 3092: 3083: 3074: 3068:Bourque P.332 3065: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3032:Bourque p.334 3029: 3023:Bourque p.244 3020: 3014:Bourque p.244 3011: 3005:Bourque p.230 3002: 2996:Bourque p.226 2993: 2987:Bourque p.225 2984: 2982: 2975:Bourque p.201 2972: 2966:Bourque p.200 2963: 2957:Bourque p.199 2954: 2952: 2944: 2939: 2931: 2925: 2919:Bourque P.259 2916: 2914: 2904: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2884:Bourque P.225 2881: 2879: 2877: 2870:Bourque P.207 2867: 2865: 2863: 2856:Bourque P.206 2853: 2851: 2849: 2842:Bourque P.163 2839: 2830: 2821: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2797: 2791:Bourque P.201 2788: 2779: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2756:Bourque p.164 2753: 2744: 2735: 2729:Bourque p.160 2726: 2724: 2714: 2705: 2699:Bourque, p.99 2696: 2694: 2687:Bourque, p.98 2684: 2678:Bourque, p.96 2675: 2666: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2636:Bourque P.324 2633: 2627:Bourque p.244 2624: 2622: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2601:Bourque p.243 2598: 2592:Bourque P.243 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2576:Bourque P.185 2573: 2565: 2559: 2553:Bourque P.195 2550: 2544:Bourque p.473 2541: 2532: 2523: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2499: 2493:Bourque p.370 2490: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2444: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2419: 2411: 2405: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2379: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2307:Bourque P.319 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2229:Bourque P.161 2226: 2224: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2197:Westwell P.88 2194: 2188:Bourque P.289 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2152: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2126: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2089:Bourque P.471 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2067:Bourque p.265 2064: 2058:Bourque p.265 2055: 2049:Bourque p.251 2046: 2040:Bourque p.337 2037: 2031:Bourque p.248 2028: 2022:Bourque P.337 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1987: 1981:Bourque p.377 1978: 1972:Bourque p.265 1969: 1963:Bourque p.377 1960: 1954:Bourque p.265 1951: 1945:Bourque p.370 1942: 1936:Bourque p.370 1933: 1927:Bourque p.370 1924: 1915: 1909:Bourque P.252 1906: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1873:Bourque P.247 1870: 1864:Bourque, p.43 1861: 1855:Bourque, p.14 1852: 1848: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1799: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1744:combined arms 1741: 1737: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511:(203mm), and 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1485:Chobham armor 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1439: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1359:Wadi al-Batin 1355: 1353: 1352:friendly fire 1349: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1217: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1146: 1145:Wadi al-Batin 1141: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 972: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 939: 935: 930: 922: 918: 913: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 876: 874: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:United States 822: 818: 814: 799: 796: 794: 791: 790: 789: 788: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 737: 736: 735: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 699: 698: 697: 696: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 668: 662: 661:Wadi al-Batin 659: 657: 654: 653: 652: 651: 650: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 632:Dasman Palace 630: 628: 625: 624: 623: 622: 616: 611: 603: 598: 596: 591: 589: 584: 583: 580: 562: 558: 550: 546: 534: 530: 521: 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Retrieved 3711:the original 3696:the original 3687: 3664: 3650: 3636: 3622: 3613: 3608:Guardia p.71 3604: 3595: 3586: 3576: 3567: 3551: 3546: 3535: 3526: 3514: 3505: 3496: 3468: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3410: 3383: 3346: 3325: 3316: 3304:. Retrieved 3300:British Army 3299: 3290: 3282: 3275:. 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