1427:
206:
159:
137:
60:
196:
185:
176:
124:
692:
corpses" and in one locale a ditch was blocked by corpses. Japanese historian KenĘĽichi GotĹŤ wrote that 187 were killed in fighting, while Kido reported forty-two soldiers killed, forty-three wounded and 213 missing, not including those massacred at Bulu which consisted of 108 killed, 18 wounded and 18 missing.
662:
Prior to learning about the massacre, Kido ordered his men to launch an offensive against
Indonesian forces at around 2 a.m. on 15 October, though gunshots had been heard in the city the night before. In another account, Kido only ordered an offensive after Indonesians burned an ammunition depot
648:
According to
Indonesian accounts, on 14 October, Kido's men disarmed Indonesian guards of a water reservoir. Later that day, an Indonesian doctor named Kariadi was shot and killed while he was heading to the reservoir to check the water for any poison. Near the location, over 300 Japanese civilians
629:
Despite having acquired a number of weapons, the
Indonesians pressed the Japanese again on the 12th of October for more weapons, but this time the negotiations dragged on, and in the end, Major Kido asserted that the Japanese forces would not transfer further weapons to the Indonesian authorities.
691:
Japanese historian KenĘĽichi GotĹŤ wrote that around two thousand
Indonesians in Semarang were killed due to the incident, while on the other hand Dutch historian P. M. H. Groen suggested that less than 300 were killed. Eyewitness accounts suggested that some streets in Semarang were "littered with
666:
The BKR sent reinforcements to the city from various locations across
Central Java. Japanese forces captured the Bulu prison around 4:30 p.m. on 16 October and discovered the remnants of the slaughter. Afterwards, accounts noted that Kido's men began "fighting mad", taking no prisoners and
653:
were temporarily stationed at Bulu prison. The
Indonesian Special Police tried to lead the group away around 10:30 PM that day, but the group offered resistance with melee weapons and some small arms smuggled in by Kido's men. The group was slaughtered, with only a handful managing to escape.
699:
wrote in 1977 that the battle was "the first major battle of the
Indonesian nation". British accounts of the events generally praised Kido's actions, with Tull writing that "the Japanese protected the internment camps from molestation and released numerous Dutch and Eurasian captives".
674:
landed in
Semarang. After a brief shootout with the Japanese forces who mistook them for Indonesian reinforcements (killing two Gurkhas and four Japanese), Japanese soldiers handed control of the city to the Gurkhas. Japanese soldiers proceeded to assist Allied forces in
625:
Nakamura Junji (Commander of
Japanese forces in Central Java), and Major Kido ShinichirĹŤ (Commander of the Semarang garrison), the Japanese garrison at Semarang handed out around 660-700 rifles and 1,600 between 5 and 7 October 1945.
546:
With the
Japanese surrender, Indonesian authorities attempted to seize Japanese arms in anticipation for a Dutch return. Tensions rose after the Semarang garrison refused to hand over their weapons, and after an incident sparked a
663:
at around 3 a.m. For the ordered offensive, Kido divided his forces into two groups, comprising 383 and 94 men respectively. By 3 p.m. that day, Kido had mobilized all Japanese around the area under his command.
571:
following negotiations with a Japanese delegation tasked existing Japanese forces in Southeast Asia to maintain law and order until Allied forces could arrive. By September 1945, many Japanese units in
609:
issued an order for local commanders to let the Indonesian authorities maintain law and order, with the Japanese garrisons to provide assistance. On the other hand, Indonesian authorities and the
704:
remarked that the Japanese actions caused the European POWs, who had been mistreated in the prisoner camps for years, to change their attitudes towards the Japanese to that of gratitude.
267:
1378:
260:
1733:
253:
885:
1456:
210:
5th Special Infantry Battalion (Kido Butai), Yagi Butai (battalion of 42nd Infantry Regiment, 5th Division, 2nd Army), and smaller units
667:
conducting large-scale executions of captives. Some accounts also noted that the executions had started prior to the capture of the prison.
1411:
1371:
1471:
473:
671:
1584:
389:
1176:
1718:
1416:
1364:
599:
1748:
598:
Wing Commander T.S. Tull arrived in Central Java on 18 September as part of a Recovery Allied Prisoners of War and Internee (
1738:
1723:
1616:
1497:
453:
1621:
1257:
1238:
1217:
953:
945:
The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War: In cooperation with the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation
458:
1728:
1487:
1209:
Mountbatten's Samurai: Imperial Japanese Army and Navy Forces under British Control in Southeast Asia, 1945–1948
613:
wanted to acquire arms in anticipation of a Dutch return to Java. Following negotiations between the Indonesian
1507:
1387:
338:
277:
51:
1466:
1406:
1042:
1006:
877:
528:
189:
1753:
1743:
1594:
782:
770:
1426:
602:) delegation and concluded that Japanese cooperation was vital to repatriating Allied prisoners.
1569:
1502:
367:
1492:
606:
524:
1228:
943:
480:
1446:
1207:
586:
1644:
696:
643:
548:
576:
had disarmed, surrendering weapons and ammunition to Indonesian nationalists. The city of
8:
1579:
1574:
1451:
1266:
1048:
1012:
788:
776:
510:
384:
372:
24:
59:
1659:
1626:
1549:
1544:
1529:
1461:
1318:
560:
543:. The battle is considered as the first major clash involving the Indonesian military.
463:
422:
323:
318:
301:
36:
630:
This refusal was then followed by Japanese plans to seize Semarang and the Indonesian
1713:
1649:
1599:
1564:
1441:
1401:
1310:
1253:
1234:
1213:
949:
833:
831:
701:
568:
493:
488:
415:
409:
362:
1343:
1332:"Captain Huyer and the massive Japanese arms transfer in East Java in October 1945"
1300:
1230:
Tensions of Empire: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World
828:
1604:
1554:
1534:
1517:
1356:
1277:
595:
439:
433:
348:
328:
313:
245:
142:
20:
1654:
1589:
1512:
650:
402:
343:
1348:
1331:
1305:
1288:
1707:
1679:
1611:
1559:
1314:
622:
584:
was also by then largely controlled by Indonesian authorities in form of the
427:
378:
333:
32:
731:
Several Indonesian studies consider the battle to have started on 14 October
618:
581:
540:
92:
1664:
564:
1322:
1689:
1054:
1289:"The Secret of Major Kido: The Battle of Semarang, 15–19 October 1945"
1030:
1275:
837:
708:
129:
96:
64:
1669:
680:
676:
577:
536:
88:
28:
1267:
Panitia Penyusunan Sejarah Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang (1977).
1674:
1524:
712:
551:, fighting broke out between the Japanese and Indonesian forces.
295:
1684:
711:
in Semarang, which commemorated the battle, was inaugurated by
523:(Five Days' Battle) was a clash between Japanese forces of the
1049:
Panitia Penyusunan Sejarah Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang 1977
1013:
Panitia Penyusunan Sejarah Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang 1977
789:
Panitia Penyusunan Sejarah Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang 1977
777:
Panitia Penyusunan Sejarah Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang 1977
1177:"Relief Tugu Muda Mengisahkan Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang"
969:
967:
965:
1122:
1120:
984:
982:
573:
962:
16:
Battle in Semarang which lasted for 5 days in October 1945
1117:
1066:
1018:
979:
900:
1282:(in Indonesian). Semarang: Jajasan Penerbit Diponegoro.
1095:
1093:
852:
850:
848:
846:
924:
801:
799:
797:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1105:
1090:
1078:
994:
912:
818:
816:
814:
843:
758:
634:attempts to imprison Dutch and Japanese civilians.
1386:
794:
275:
811:
1705:
35:that reached the city on 15 December 1945, see
1276:Sedjarah Militer Kodam VII/Diponegoro (1968).
1734:Battles of the Indonesian National Revolution
1457:United Nations Security Council Resolution 27
1372:
1252:. Yoggyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
261:
19:This article is about the battle between the
1412:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
1336:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1293:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1379:
1365:
838:Sedjarah Militer Kodam VII/Diponegoro 1968
268:
254:
58:
1347:
1304:
1247:
973:
1174:
1472:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
1706:
1269:Sejarah Pertempuran Lima Hari Semarang
1205:
875:
871:
869:
867:
865:
822:
1360:
1329:
1286:
1233:. Seventh Citadel. pp. 171–185.
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1111:
1099:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1036:
1024:
1000:
988:
930:
918:
906:
856:
764:
567:, Allied commander in Southeast Asia
249:
1279:Sedjarah TNI-AD Kodam VII/Diponegoro
1226:
805:
527:and Indonesian forces consisting of
67:in Semarang commemorating the battle
862:
740:Including massacred civilians. See
13:
1617:Yogyakarta and Surakarta Offensive
1498:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
1250:Revolusi Nasional 1945 di Semarang
1175:Herawati, Elly (12 October 2016).
1063:, pp. 383–384, 388, 392, 404.
637:
14:
1765:
1622:General Offensive of 1 March 1949
876:Mukhti, M. F. (19 October 2017).
670:On 19 October, soldiers from the
621:(then governor of Central Java),
1488:Indonesian National Armed Forces
1425:
1039:, p. 83-384, 388, 392, 404.
888:from the original on 24 May 2019
233:2,000 dead (including civilians)
204:
194:
183:
174:
157:
135:
122:
1199:
1168:
936:
878:"Orang Semarang Melawan Jepang"
535:in October 1945 at the city of
1719:Indonesian National Revolution
1508:Kalimantan Physical Revolution
1388:Indonesian National Revolution
741:
734:
725:
549:massacre of Japanese civilians
517:), in Indonesia also known as
279:Indonesian National Revolution
52:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1749:Military history of Indonesia
1407:Indonesian National Awakening
751:
554:
1417:Proclamation of Independence
948:. BRILL. 2009. p. 587.
686:
649:who had been relocated from
7:
1739:October 1945 events in Asia
1724:Battles involving Indonesia
1206:Connor, Stephen B. (2015).
657:
10:
1770:
1271:. Semarang: Suara Merdeka.
672:British 10th Gurkha Rifles
641:
18:
1637:
1480:
1467:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
1434:
1423:
1394:
1349:10.1163/22134379-90003746
1306:10.1163/22134379-90003005
287:
227:
214:
167:
148:
115:
71:
57:
49:
44:
1330:Siong, Han Bing (2003).
1287:Siong, Han Bing (1996).
718:
695:Indonesian army general
529:People's Security Agency
454:Yogyakarta and Surakarta
1729:Battles involving Japan
1585:South Sulawesi campaign
1570:East Sumatra revolution
1227:GotĹŤ, Ken'ichi (2003).
1493:Royal Netherlands Army
605:In early October, the
559:After the August 1945
514:
149:Commanders and leaders
31:offensive against the
1447:Linggadjati Agreement
587:Badan Keamanan Rakyat
520:Pertempuran Lima Hari
228:Casualties and losses
1645:Abdul Haris Nasution
1595:Dutch police actions
697:Abdul Haris Nasution
644:Bulu prison massacre
515:Pertempuran Semarang
1580:Battle of Margarana
1575:Bandung Sea of Fire
1452:Denpasar Conference
1129:, pp. 390–391.
1075:, pp. 387–388.
1051:, pp. 108–110.
1015:, pp. 102–105.
909:, pp. 382–383.
25:Indonesian military
1660:Raymond Westerling
1627:Siege of Surakarta
1550:Battle of Surabaya
1545:Battle of Ambarawa
1540:Battle of Semarang
1530:Battle of Kotabaru
1462:Renville Agreement
1435:Diplomatic efforts
1248:Moehkardi (2021).
1027:, p. 402-408.
991:, p. 399-402.
561:surrender of Japan
507:Battle of Semarang
79:15–19 October 1945
45:Battle of Semarang
37:Battle of Ambarawa
1754:1945 in Indonesia
1744:Conflicts in 1945
1698:
1697:
1650:Hubertus van Mook
1600:Operation Product
1565:Lengkong incident
1442:Malino Conference
1402:Dutch East Indies
884:(in Indonesian).
702:Hubertus van Mook
569:Louis Mountbatten
502:
501:
244:
243:
180:Indonesian pemuda
111:
110:
1761:
1429:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1342:(2–3): 291–350.
1326:
1308:
1283:
1272:
1263:
1244:
1223:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
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1124:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
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1058:
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1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
977:
976:, p. 80-81.
971:
960:
959:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
873:
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854:
841:
835:
826:
820:
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803:
792:
786:
780:
774:
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738:
732:
729:
282:
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209:
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125:
73:
72:
62:
42:
41:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1633:
1605:Operation Kraai
1555:Kolaka incident
1535:Battle of Medan
1518:Battle of Kumai
1476:
1430:
1421:
1390:
1385:
1260:
1241:
1220:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1183:(in Indonesian)
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
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1079:
1071:
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1059:
1055:
1047:
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1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
980:
972:
963:
956:
942:
941:
937:
933:, p. p393.
929:
925:
921:, pp. 393.
917:
913:
905:
901:
891:
889:
874:
863:
855:
844:
836:
829:
821:
812:
804:
795:
791:, pp. 114.
787:
783:
779:, pp. 156.
775:
771:
763:
759:
754:
749:
748:
739:
735:
730:
726:
721:
689:
660:
646:
640:
638:Prison massacre
557:
503:
498:
344:West Kalimantan
283:
278:
276:
274:
239:
237:
205:
203:
195:
193:
192:
184:
182:
181:
175:
173:
163:Kido ShinichirĹŤ
158:
156:
136:
134:
123:
121:
99:
63:
40:
21:Japanese empire
17:
12:
11:
5:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
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1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1696:
1695:
1693:
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1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Mohammad Hatta
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1590:3 March affair
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1513:Dayak Desa War
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1481:Armed conflict
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
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1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1327:
1299:(3): 382–428.
1284:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1245:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1167:
1165:, p. 417.
1155:
1153:, p. 414.
1143:
1141:, p. 385.
1131:
1116:
1114:, p. 410.
1104:
1102:, p. 418.
1089:
1087:, p. 392.
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
1003:, p. 399.
993:
978:
974:Moehkardi 2021
961:
954:
935:
923:
911:
899:
861:
859:, p. 422.
842:
840:, pp. 36.
827:
810:
808:, p. 171.
793:
781:
769:
767:, p. 387.
756:
755:
753:
750:
747:
746:
733:
723:
722:
720:
717:
688:
685:
659:
656:
642:Main article:
639:
636:
590:(BKR) and the
556:
553:
531:personnel and
525:Sixteenth Army
500:
499:
497:
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390:South Sulawesi
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168:Units involved
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15:
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1680:Sutan Sjahrir
1678:
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1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Madiun Affair
1610:
1606:
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1561:
1560:Cumbok affair
1558:
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1259:9786023869855
1255:
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1242:
1240:9789971692810
1236:
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1225:
1221:
1219:9780957630581
1215:
1212:. NUS Press.
1211:
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1185:. Retrieved
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890:. Retrieved
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683:afterwards.
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619:Wongsonegoro
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582:Central Java
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541:Central Java
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368:East Sumatra
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236:150–850 dead
116:Belligerents
93:Central Java
50:Part of the
1665:Simon Spoor
1638:Key figures
1503:Darul Islam
823:Connor 2015
565:Pacific War
484:coup d'Ă©tat
240:231 missing
1708:Categories
1690:Tan Malaka
1163:Siong 1996
1151:Siong 1996
1139:Siong 1996
1127:Siong 1996
1112:Siong 1996
1100:Siong 1996
1085:Siong 1996
1073:Siong 1996
1061:Siong 1996
1037:Siong 1996
1025:Siong 1996
1001:Siong 1996
989:Siong 1996
931:Siong 1996
919:Siong 1996
907:Siong 1996
857:Siong 1996
765:Siong 1996
752:References
555:Background
511:Indonesian
459:Yogyakarta
238:61 wounded
27:. For the
1315:0006-2294
806:GotĹŤ 2003
742:aftermath
709:Tugu Muda
707:In 1953,
687:Aftermath
607:16th Army
464:Surakarta
423:Mergosono
396:1947–1948
385:Margarana
130:Indonesia
107:Ceasefire
97:Indonesia
65:Tugu Muda
1714:Semarang
1670:Sudirman
1323:27864775
886:Archived
882:Historia
681:Ambarawa
677:Magelang
658:Fighting
632:pemuda's
578:Semarang
537:Semarang
489:Makassar
416:Rawagede
363:Lengkong
324:Surabaya
319:Ambarawa
307:Semarang
302:Kotabaru
215:Strength
89:Semarang
84:Location
29:Semarang
1675:Sukarno
1525:Bersiap
1395:Prelude
1187:10 June
892:10 June
713:Sukarno
563:in the
410:Product
403:3 March
373:Bandung
296:Bersiap
223:441–949
33:British
1685:Sutomo
1321:
1313:
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1237:
1216:
952:
651:Kendal
615:pemuda
611:pemuda
592:pemuda
533:pemuda
440:Rengat
428:Madiun
379:3 July
339:Borneo
334:Cumbok
329:Kolaka
200:Police
140:
127:
104:Result
1319:JSTOR
719:Notes
600:RAPWI
494:Ambon
472:Post-
434:Kraai
349:Kumai
314:Medan
220:7,000
143:Japan
1311:ISSN
1254:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1189:2019
1181:VIVA
950:ISBN
894:2019
679:and
574:Java
505:The
482:APRA
448:1949
357:1946
290:1945
76:Date
23:and
1344:doi
1340:159
1301:doi
1297:152
596:RAF
580:in
474:RTC
190:BKR
1710::
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1119:^
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617:,
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509:(
269:e
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255:v
39:.
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