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bridge. Major Lee and his detachment made a fighting retreat of almost two miles to the upper west branch of the Rahway and positioned his men in echelons, so that they could fire out of the woods onto the road. They were soon joined by the advancing
Loyalist troops, who assailed them from front and flank, driving them back again; this time all the way to the slopes of the Short Hills. Here, they were reinforced by the 400 men of General Stark's two Continental regiments and a cannon. This, and the presence of an increasing number of militia gathering on the slopes of
53:
736:, Knyphausen was disheartened by the numbers of New Jersey Militia who were gathering on the Short Hills and he decided to call off the attack and return to Elizabethtown Point. Knyphausen ordered the New Jersey Volunteers to burn down Springfield. Only four houses were spared; every other building was burned to the ground. It has been claimed the four buildings spared were Loyalist houses but this is disputed by local historians.
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Islanders back to the bridge over the west branch of the Rahway defended by Shreve and his 2nd New Jersey
Regiment. The British quickly followed up the retreat, driving back Shreve and Angell, who only narrowly foiled an attempt to outflank them by the British 38th Regiment and the Jägers. Recognizing the danger of Shreve and Angell being encircled, Greene recalled them to Bryant's Tavern, abandoning Springfield to the enemy.
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rear guard but found themselves low on ammunition. They suffered five men killed and another five captured during the withdrawal. They were relieved as rearguard by the 37th
Regiment, who had more success in fending off the militia. The column on the Vauxhall Road had their flanks and rear guarded by the Queen's Rangers, who foiled most of the militia's attempts at ambush.
723:, persuaded General Mathew to halt his advance. As the militiamen began to engage Colonel Barton's New Jersey Volunteers, Mathew became concerned about the possibility of a counter-attack on his flank by Washington's main army, and he turned his column back southward to the Galloping Hill Road to rejoin Knyphausen.
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to guard the
Galloping Hill Road and Henry Lee's 2nd Partisan Corps to the Vauxhall Road. Soon afterwards, the advancing Loyalist troops engaged Maxwell, who fell back toward Connecticut Farms with the rest of his brigade. Meanwhile, General Greene ordered the planking to be destroyed on the Vauxhall
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of July 8, 1780 reported that the militia casualties for the whole period of June 7–23 were ten killed, forty wounded and ten prisoners. Including the
Continental Army losses on June 7, which were twelve killed, fifty wounded and thirteen missing, the combined American casualties for June 7 and June
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Knyphausen now diverted the Queen's
Rangers, the New Jersey Volunteers, the Guards Battalion and most of his other British troops from the Galloping Hill Road northward to the Vauxhall Road, in the hope of outflanking the defenders of the Galloping Hill Bridge. Meanwhile, Knyphausen himself advanced
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When Mathew's column reached the
Galloping Hill Road, they joined Knyphausen in Springfield. Knyphausen ordered Mathew to capture the Heights of Springfield to the northwest of the town. Mathew sent forward Lieutenant Colonel Edward Thomas with the Guards Battalion, who stormed the heights, routing
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The
British withdrew in two columns, one taking the Galloping Hill Road, the other the Vauxhall Road. The column that took the Galloping Hill Road came under constant sniping fire from New Jersey militiamen in the woods and incurred substantial casualties. The Hessian Jägers were detailed for the
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At 5 a.m. on June 23, Knyphausen's force advanced for
Elizabethtown Point, with the Queen's Rangers and the New Jersey Volunteers in the vanguard. They overwhelmed the American outposts at Elizabethtown, capturing several men and three small cannons. Warned by retreating men, General Maxwell sent
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This was one of the last major engagements of the
Revolutionary War in the north and effectively put an end to British ambitions in New Jersey. Because the decisive battles of the war moved farther south, Springfield became known as the "forgotten victory." Washington praised the role of the New
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commander-in-chief in North America, decided upon a second attempt. Although the British were initially able to advance, they were ultimately forced to withdraw in the face of newly arriving rebel forces, resulting in a Continental victory. The battle effectively ended British ambitions in New
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had left the Galloping Hill Road and crossed northward to the Vauxhall Road. Halting on a height above the Vauxhall Bridge, he bombarded its defenders with his artillery until 11 a.m., when he attacked, with the Queen's Rangers and New Jersey Volunteers fording the Rahway on either side of the
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to use instead. "Give 'em Watts, boys!", he advised. After heavy exchanges of fire and two unsuccessful attempts to charge the bridge, the British 37th and 38th regiments and the Hessian Jägers forded the Rahway and, in twenty-five minutes of tree-to-tree fighting in the woods, drove the Rhode
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with his Queen's Rangers outflanked the Americans on the left and attacked them from the rear. Dayton and Heard's men were quickly swept away and Connecticut Farms was in British hands. Heard and some of his militiamen retired northward and reinforced the defenders of the Vauxhall Bridge.
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Joseph Barton, now approached Connecticut Farms and engaged Dayton's force, who were well positioned in an orchard and behind a thicket. Outnumbered more than two-to-one by the defenders, Barton's men made little progress. However, Lieutenant Colonel
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Greene organized his left wing, at the Galloping Hill Road, into four successive lines of defense. Connecticut Farms was to be held by Colonel Dayton's 3rd New Jersey and some militia under Brigadier General Nathaniel Heard. Behind Dayton, Colonel
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with his 2nd Rhode Island Regiment, reduced by illness and expiring enlistments to only 160 men, was to defend the Galloping Hill Bridge. Behind Angell, at a bridge over the west branch of the Rahway, Greene positioned Colonel
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The British loss for the expedition that included the Battle of Connecticut Farms on June 7 as well as the engagement of June 23 was 25 killed, 234 wounded and 48 missing. 85 of these casualties were Hessian Jaegers.
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The Continental troops lost thirteen killed, 49 wounded and nine missing on June 23; of whom six killed, 31 wounded and three missing were from Angell's Rhode Island Regiment. Thomas Fleming says that the
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Jersey Militia in the battle, writing, "They flew to arms universally and acted with a spirit equal to anything I have seen in the course of the war". A little less than a month later, the minor
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At the Galloping Hill Bridge, Knyphausen bombarded Colonel Angell's defenders with six cannons, which the Americans answered with their only available gun. As the American artillery ran low on
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The river crossings where American forces put up their defense were near today's intersection between Vauxhall Road and Millburn Avenue; and Morris Avenue near Washington Avenue.
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was to remain in reserve in Elizabethtown with five regiments (1,865 men) to protect Knyphausen's rear against attack from militia and to reinforce Leslie if necessary.
432:, while another column would take the Vauxhall Road north of Springfield along the southern edge of Short Hills. Both were heading for the same objective as on June 7:
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A two-pronged assault was planned. Starting from Elizabethtown Point, one column would advance along the Galloping Hill Road, straight through Connecticut Farms and
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Clinton hoped that Washington would respond to Knyphausen's attack by bringing his main army round the northern tip of the Watchung Mountains west of
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In reserve, at Bryan's Tavern up on the high ground of the Short Hills, Greene retained the rest of Maxwell's and Stark's brigades.
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701:, who had lost his wife during the Battle of Connecticut Farms, brought up a load of hymn books published by English clergyman
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1943:
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1185:"Return of the kill'd, wounded, missing and deserted since the 6th instant: Head Quarters, near Short-Hills, June 20th 1780"
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Return of the kill'd, wounded, missing and deserted since the 6th instant'. Head Quarters, near Short-Hills, June 20th 1780
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On the American right wing, Greene reinforced Major Lee and his 2nd Partisan Corps at the Vauxhall Bridge with Colonel
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with 6,000 men in order to prevent Washington from retiring behind the Watchung Mountains. Meanwhile, Major General
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the militia defenders. This was as far as the British advance was ever to get. Having failed to clear his path to
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715:
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Fleming, pp. 17, 114–115, 219, 230. Atwood, pp. 260–261 for the identities of the two Hessian infantry regiments
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that would allow an advance across eleven miles of flat ground to Washington's main encampment at Morristown.
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At midnight on June 23, Knyphausen led his division back over a bridge of boats from Elizabethtown Point to
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Lengel, Edward G. (2020). The Battles of Connecticut Farms and Springfield, 1780. Westholme Publishing.
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1116:"Return of the Killed, Wounded & Missing in the Action of the 23rd June, 1780, Springfield"
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Return of the Killed, Wounded & Missing in the Action of the 23rd June, 1780, Springfield
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on the bridge with 3,000 men, comprising the British 37th and 38th regiments and most of the
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The First Congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Springfield, includes history of battle
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Prince's own Leib-Regiment; the Hessian Regiment von Donop; the Hessian Corps of
478:; the British Guards Battalion (a composite unit comprising detachments from the
299:
1187:. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741–1799. Archived from
1118:. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741–1799. Archived from
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52:
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3007:
2009:
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1775:
1750:
650:
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Battles of the American Revolutionary War in the New York City area after 1777
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795:. Places the Battle of Springfield in overall sequence and strategic context.
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577:
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2019:
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58:
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733:
569:
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105:
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1969:
1815:
519:
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1097:
The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in American Revolution
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to hit Knyphausen's right flank. In anticipation of this response,
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690:
683:
605:
554:
396:
70:
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23 were 35 killed, 139 wounded, ten prisoners and 22 missing.
189:
158:
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Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area
470:
Knyphausen's corps comprised some 6,000 men, comprising the
1995:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
1265:
384:
on June 23, 1780, in Union County, New Jersey. After the
1164:
The Forgotten Victory: The Battle for New Jersery – 1780
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Battles of the American Revolutionary War in New Jersey
1606:
793:
American Revolutionary War § Stalemate in the North
206:
1,500, reinforced by undetermined number of militia
1161:
906:. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 322.
283:
3627:
819:
817:
646:commanded a detachment of New Jersey Militia.
3666:Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey
3443:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
1593:
1579:
1251:
933:
931:
814:
269:
27:1780 battle of the American Revolutionary War
874:
872:
840:
838:
2556:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
888:
886:
884:
3433:African Americans in the Revolutionary War
1687:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
1586:
1572:
1258:
1244:
1231:Americanrevolution.org chapter on Hessians
928:
904:The Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution
663:
572:'s under-strength brigade (comprising the
276:
262:
869:
835:
714:As directed by Knyphausen, Major General
881:
852:
850:
623:
406:, Knyphausen and Lieutenant General Sir
367:
1156:
1136:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution
1133:
901:
14:
3628:
3438:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War
642:and, behind Shreve, Brigadier General
3350:
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3203:
2774:
2110:
1944:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
1605:
1567:
1267:New Jersey in the American Revolution
1239:
847:
726:
257:
34:. For the 1863 Civil War battle, see
3553:Daughters of the American Revolution
3351:
1903:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
709:
616:and Galloping Hill bridges over the
3651:Battles involving the United States
3548:Children of the American Revolution
3428:Timeline of the American Revolution
1551:Morristown National Historical Park
1182:
1168:. New York: Reader's Digest Press.
30:For the 1861 Civil War battle, see
24:
2209:European allies of King George III
2065:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
2000:Committee of Secret Correspondence
1662:No taxation without representation
1113:
598:
557:. Greene's Continentals comprised
465:
25:
3687:
3575:Museum of the American Revolution
1214:
3463:Continental Currency dollar coin
3448:Women in the American Revolution
1327:Assunpink Creek (Second Trenton)
1286:New York and New Jersey campaign
668:The New Jersey Volunteers under
188:
176:
157:
146:
132:
51:
3646:Battles involving Great Britain
3558:Sons of the American Revolution
1221:Local DAR history of the battle
1076:
1067:
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1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
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994:
985:
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967:
958:
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940:
919:
541:, barring Knyphausen's path to
472:17th Regiment of Light Dragoons
423:
388:, on June 7, 1780, had foiled
3656:Battles involving Hesse-Kassel
3458:Continental currency banknotes
2546:Staten Island Peace Conference
1555:Washington Crossing State Park
1099:. Cambridge University Press.
910:
895:
826:
805:
13:
1:
3276:
2252:German supporters of Congress
1950:Massachusetts Circular Letter
1434:New Jersey Brigade encampment
1408:Second Middlebrook encampment
1134:Boatner, Mark M. III (1994).
1088:
750:
393:Wilhelm, Baron von Knyphausen
1933:Committees of correspondence
1352:First Middlebrook encampment
770:
36:Second Battle of Springfield
18:Battle of Springfield (1780)
7:
3570:Charters of Freedom Rotunda
2775:
2601:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
2586:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
2360:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
2015:Declaration of Independence
1980:Second Continental Congress
1518:Mary Hays ("Molly Pitcher")
1398:Affair at Little Egg Harbor
1094:
786:
476:Royal Regiment of Artillery
386:Battle of Connecticut Farms
32:First Battle of Springfield
10:
3692:
3453:Financial costs of the war
1960:First Continental Congress
1811:Royal Proclamation of 1763
1756:Second Rockingham ministry
1595:American Revolutionary War
553:troops and 500 New Jersey
382:American Revolutionary War
57:"Give 'em Watts, boys!" -
29:
3636:1780 in the United States
3420:
3389:
3365:
3361:
3346:
3307:Constitutional Convention
3287:Society of the Cincinnati
3282:
3271:
3196:
3091:
2935:
2928:
2873:
2792:
2785:
2781:
2770:
2727:
2649:
2635:
2609:
2576:Carlisle Peace Commission
2538:
2410:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
2339:
2264:
2217:
2184:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2106:
2075:Hutchinson letters affair
2042:
2025:Articles of Confederation
1885:
1872:Proclamation of Rebellion
1784:
1736:First Rockingham ministry
1713:
1680:All men are created equal
1619:
1615:
1601:
1541:
1500:
1492:U.S. Capital at Princeton
1484:
1468:
1442:
1416:
1375:
1319:
1273:
576:and a regiment each from
574:2nd Rhode Island Regiment
418:
295:
230:Militia: Including June 7
213:
200:
169:
124:
76:
50:
45:
2571:Entry of France into war
2186:Kingdom of Great Britain
1476:Pennsylvania Line Mutiny
946:Fleming, pp. 21, 232–233
902:Lossing, Benson (1859).
823:Fleming, pp. 231 and 238
799:
395:'s expedition to attack
3302:Ratification Day (1784)
2627:Second Anglo-Mysore War
2311:Northern after Saratoga
2291:New York and New Jersey
1965:Continental Association
1862:Conciliatory Resolution
1721:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
1694:Consent of the governed
1306:Delaware River crossing
1095:Atwood, Rodney (1980).
697:, the Continental Army
664:The Galloping Hill Road
655:1st New Jersey Regiment
640:2nd New Jersey Regiment
613:3rd New Jersey Regiment
514:Regiments of Foot; the
436:, the path through the
3563:Sons of the Revolution
3292:Treaty of Paris (1783)
2622:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
2617:Cherokee–American wars
2230:Franco-American Treaty
2085:Philadelphia Tea Party
2055:Treaty of Paris (1763)
2034:Confederation Congress
1627:American Enlightenment
1138:. Mechanicsburg, Pa.:
778:Battle of Bull's Ferry
474:; a detachment of the
454:was dispatched up the
404:Morristown, New Jersey
380:was fought during the
373:
325:Connecticut Farms (NJ)
195:Wilhelm von Knyphausen
170:Commanders and leaders
3508:Washington's Birthday
3313:The Federalist Papers
3297:Evacuation Day (1783)
2350:Lexington and Concord
2050:French and Indian War
1990:Olive Branch Petition
624:Greene's Dispositions
532:New Jersey Volunteers
504:42nd (Royal Highland)
378:Battle of Springfield
372:Battle of Springfield
371:
214:Casualties and losses
46:Battle of Springfield
3513:Jefferson's Birthday
3503:Pulaski Memorial Day
2510:Guilford Court House
2161:Continental Congress
1938:Committees of safety
1913:Daughters of Liberty
1908:Virginia Association
1657:Rights of Englishmen
1528:Pluckemin Cantonment
1183:Scammel, Alexander.
1082:Boatner, pp. 119–120
1027:Fleming, pp. 274–285
1018:Fleming. pp. 269–273
1009:Fleming, pp. 254–266
1000:Fleming, pp. 253–254
982:Fleming, pp. 250–252
925:Fleming, p. 232, 302
832:Fleming, pp. 270–273
811:Fleming, p. 232, 302
568:; Brigadier General
530:and the 1st and 4th
94:Springfield Township
65:giving Continentals
3612:40.7101°N 74.3069°W
3608: /
2641:colony or location)
2596:Newburgh Conspiracy
2455:Sullivan Expedition
1975:Provincial Congress
1766:Fox–North coalition
1705:Settler colonialism
1652:Freedom of religion
1609:American Revolution
763:Pennsylvania Packet
595:and numbering 400.
537:At Springfield and
286:New York City area
3671:1780 in New Jersey
3543:Semiquincentennial
3468:Libertas Americana
1898:Stamp Act Congress
1788:Acts of Parliament
1761:Shelburne ministry
1731:Grenville ministry
1523:New Bridge Landing
1052:2011-06-04 at the
863:2011-06-04 at the
727:British withdrawal
675:John Graves Simcoe
670:Lieutenant Colonel
644:Philemon Dickinson
586:2nd Partisan Corps
566:New Jersey Brigade
438:Watchung Mountains
390:Lieutenant General
374:
3641:Conflicts in 1780
3617:40.7101; -74.3069
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3342:
3341:
3329:Shays's Rebellion
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3192:
3191:
3159:Richard Henry Lee
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2757:
2610:Related conflicts
2480:Connecticut Farms
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1450:Connecticut Farms
1114:Barber, Francis.
856:Barber, Francis,
710:The Vauxhall Road
559:Brigadier General
484:Coldstream Guards
400:George Washington
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2080:Boston Tea Party
2005:Halifax Resolves
1955:Suffolk Resolves
1746:Grafton ministry
1741:Chatham ministry
1637:Colonial history
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1985:United Colonies
1918:Sons of Liberty
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2331:Naval battles
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2266:Campaigns and
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2070:Gaspee affair
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1701:
1698:
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1674:Spirit of '76
1672:
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1647:Republicanism
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1429:Jockey Hollow
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1191:on 2011-06-04
1190:
1186:
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1177:
1175:0-88349-003-X
1171:
1166:
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1149:0-8117-0578-1
1145:
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1122:on 2011-06-04
1121:
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1108:
1106:0-521-22884-0
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839:
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784:
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780:was fought.
779:
768:
765:
764:
757:
748:
746:
745:Staten Island
741:
737:
735:
724:
722:
717:
716:Edward Mathew
707:
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696:
692:
687:
685:
679:
676:
671:
661:
658:
656:
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647:
645:
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637:
636:Israel Shreve
632:
631:Israel Angell
621:
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614:
610:
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587:
583:
579:
578:Massachusetts
575:
571:
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563:
560:
556:
552:
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544:
540:
539:Elizabethtown
535:
533:
529:
525:
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449:Major General
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
416:
413:
409:
408:Henry Clinton
405:
401:
398:
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345:Pine's Bridge
343:
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328:
326:
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318:
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153:Great Britain
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111:
107:
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100:(present day
99:
95:
91:
88:
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84:June 23, 1780
83:
80:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3593:
3538:Bicentennial
3421:Other topics
3407:Liberty Tree
3379:
3319:Constitution
3311:
3216:Beaumarchais
3104:Samuel Adams
2855:William Howe
2850:Richard Howe
2750:West Florida
2735:East Florida
2709:Rhode Island
2704:Pennsylvania
2637:Involvement
2581:Gordon Riots
2566:Valley Forge
2561:Conway Cabal
2539:Other events
2484:
2301:Philadelphia
2199:British Army
2090:Powder Alarm
2020:Model Treaty
1942:
1700:Expansionism
1668:Common Sense
1666:
1543:
1460:Bull's Ferry
1454:
1296:Geary ambush
1193:. Retrieved
1189:the original
1163:
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1096:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
960:
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942:
921:
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828:
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774:
761:
758:
754:
742:
738:
730:
713:
688:
680:
667:
659:
648:
627:
618:Rahway River
609:Elias Dayton
602:
536:
488:Scots Guards
469:
442:
427:
424:British plan
377:
375:
355:Delaware Bay
340:Bull's Ferry
305:Edgar's Lane
240:
229:
220:Continentals
219:
164:Hesse-Kassel
125:Belligerents
102:Union County
98:Essex County
59:Presbyterian
3615: /
3184:Witherspoon
3068:von Steuben
3023:Charles Lee
2740:Nova Scotia
2659:Connecticut
2530:The Saintes
2485:Springfield
2450:Stony Point
2380:Long Island
2365:Bunker Hill
2286:Nova Scotia
1877:Prohibitory
1867:Restraining
1857:Intolerable
1837:Declaratory
1513:Fort Mercer
1455:Springfield
1424:Paulus Hook
1357:Short Hills
1347:Bound Brook
703:Isaac Watts
582:Connecticut
551:Continental
430:Springfield
402:'s army at
335:Springfield
315:Paulus Hook
310:Stony Point
246:234 wounded
237:10 captured
235:40 wounded;
225:49 wounded;
67:Isaac Watts
3630:Categories
3603:74°18′25″W
3600:40°42′36″N
3528:Centennial
3483:television
3334:Jay Treaty
3231:de Guichen
3139:Huntington
3099:John Adams
3038:Montgomery
2943:Washington
2906:Rockingham
2891:Barrington
2860:Knyphausen
2830:Cornwallis
2689:New Jersey
2520:Chesapeake
2475:Charleston
2430:Germantown
2425:Brandywine
2415:Bennington
2204:Royal Navy
2194:Parliament
2141:Combatants
2114:Combatants
1893:Loyal Nine
1826:Quartering
1796:Navigation
1642:Liberalism
1632:John Locke
1620:Philosophy
1367:Gloucester
1342:Forage War
1195:2010-02-03
1126:2010-02-03
1089:References
751:Casualties
734:Hobart Gap
584:) and the
570:John Stark
549:had 1,500
543:Hobart Gap
522:and three
480:1st Guards
434:Hobart Gap
288:after 1777
248:48 missing
233:10 killed;
223:13 killed;
106:New Jersey
61:clergymen
3402:Diplomacy
3390:Political
3373:Prisoners
3277:Aftermath
3251:Vergennes
3226:de Grasse
3221:d'Estaing
3211:Louis XVI
3149:Jefferson
3114:Dickinson
3058:St. Clair
3043:Nicholson
3018:Lafayette
2978:Duportail
2948:Alexander
2916:Shelburne
2800:Arbuthnot
2639:(by
2505:Pensacola
2465:Gibraltar
2440:St. Lucia
2405:Princeton
2117:Campaigns
1970:Minutemen
1886:Colonials
1842:Townshend
1771:Loyalists
1714:Royalists
1544:See also:
1337:Millstone
1332:Princeton
1045:Scammel,
771:Aftermath
593:Henry Lee
244:25 killed
227:9 missing
3366:Military
3119:Franklin
3092:Civilian
3073:Sullivan
3063:Schuyler
2993:Hamilton
2968:Claghorn
2936:Military
2929:Colonial
2911:Sandwich
2874:Civilian
2820:Carleton
2815:Campbell
2810:Burgoyne
2793:Military
2719:Virginia
2694:New York
2674:Maryland
2664:Delaware
2525:Yorktown
2460:Savannah
2435:Monmouth
2420:Saratoga
2326:Yorktown
2316:Southern
2306:Northern
2296:Saratoga
2268:theaters
2129:Colonies
2120:Theaters
1923:Patriots
1833:up i.p.o
1821:Currency
1806:Molasses
1388:Monmouth
1362:Red Bank
1291:Fort Lee
1160:(1973).
1050:Archived
861:Archived
787:See also
699:chaplain
686:troops.
653:and his
638:and his
524:Loyalist
415:Jersey.
201:Strength
89:Location
3488:theater
3246:Suffren
3236:Luzerne
3154:Laurens
3124:Hancock
3109:Carroll
3028:Lincoln
3008:de Kalb
2998:Hopkins
2896:Germain
2886:Amherst
2825:Clinton
2786:British
2776:Leaders
2669:Georgia
2500:Cowpens
2445:Grenada
2395:Trenton
2342:battles
2321:Western
2176:Marines
2123:Battles
691:wadding
606:Colonel
555:Militia
516:Hessian
412:British
397:General
71:wadding
3380:Turtle
3204:French
3174:Revere
3169:Morris
3164:McKean
3129:Hanson
3053:Rodney
3048:Putnam
3033:Mercer
2988:Greene
2958:Arnold
2865:Rodney
2845:Graves
2835:Fraser
2745:Quebec
2490:Camden
2370:Quebec
2355:Boston
2340:Major
2281:Quebec
2276:Boston
2225:France
2126:Events
2043:Events
1852:Quebec
1206:
1172:
1146:
1103:
684:German
520:Jägers
456:Hudson
445:Newark
419:Battle
137:
113:Result
3134:Henry
3083:Wayne
3003:Jones
2983:Gates
2973:Clark
2963:Barry
2953:Allen
2901:North
2805:Brant
1831:Stamp
1816:Sugar
1501:Other
800:Notes
590:Major
209:6,000
3478:film
3378:The
3179:Rush
3078:Ward
3013:Knox
2840:Gage
2240:Navy
2235:Army
2171:Navy
2166:Army
2027:and
1801:Iron
1485:1783
1469:1781
1443:1780
1417:1779
1376:1778
1320:1777
1274:1776
1204:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1101:ISBN
580:and
512:57th
510:and
508:43rd
500:38th
496:37th
492:22nd
486:and
376:The
81:Date
3144:Jay
1847:Tea
611:'s
564:'s
506:,
104:),
3632::
1553:,
1549:,
1142:.
930:^
883:^
871:^
849:^
837:^
816:^
747:.
693:,
657:.
620:.
534:.
502:,
498:,
494:,
482:,
410:,
96:,
2151:/
1696:"
1692:"
1689:"
1685:"
1682:"
1678:"
1587:e
1580:t
1573:v
1259:e
1252:t
1245:v
1210:.
1198:.
1178:.
1152:.
1129:.
1109:.
277:e
270:t
263:v
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
