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of
Springfield, with Zagonyi gathering his scattered men before dark, deciding that he did not have enough men to hold the city, and then withdrawing back north. Miller's account of the battle has two companies charging with Zagonyi through a gap in the fence, while another company commanded by a Captain Foley had to tear down a portion of the fence to attack. Miller then has Foley repulsed in a charge, Zagonyi's column driving off Frazier's cavalry but then being repulsed by his infantry, and a third charge driving off the Guardsmen. Under Miller's account, the Guardsmen fled toward Neosho, with Zagonyi's men entering Springfield, but withdrawing north towards Bolivar at dark, having abandoned his wounded. The historians Phillip W. Steele and Steve Cottrell describe the battle as an unsuccessful charge by Zagonyi followed by a second successful one, and then the Federals chasing the Guardsmen through both Springfield and the surrounding rural areas.
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details of the battle are unknown, but
Zagonyi's men drove off Frazier's troops before entering Springfield and withdrawing north at around the time darkness fell. Zagonyi's post-battle report was intentionally inaccurate and was designed to inflate the contributions of his own troops at the expense of the Prairie Scouts. The action accomplished very little, and Federal troops occupied Springfield again two days later. Frémont was relieved of command in early November, and his successor called off the campaign and withdrew, allowing the Missouri State Guard to reoccupy Springfield, although they were driven out of Missouri in early 1862.
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106 guardsmen were dead, with 27 captured and more wounded; the report also stated that 45 horses had been killed or incapacitated during the action, that the men's weapons had been "seriously damaged" by enemy fire, and that the
Federal troops' uniforms and spare clothes had been "so riddled with bullets as to be useless". Preservationist Frances E. Kennedy places Federal losses at 85 and Frazier's loss at 133. The fight had accomplished very little, but it was celebrated in the Federal press and known as "Zagonyi's death-attack".
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Federals ran into a small party of
Missouri State Guardsmen, one of whom escaped back to Springfield to sound the alarm. With the element of surprise now lost for an attack from the north, Zagonyi swung his troops to approach Springfield from the west. Unaware that Zagyoni had changed course, White later arrived from the north and was captured.
639:
and, according to the historian Robert E. Miller, Zagonyi told his men that any who did not want to participate in the attack would be excused. Miller also states that
Zagonyi gave "Fremont and the Union" as a watchword, although the historian Stephen Z. Starr does not believe Zagonyi's claim to have used this battle cry.
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claimed that
Frazier had lost only two or three men. Miller notes the existence of a Federal claim that the Missouri State Guard had lost at least 116 men. Steele and Cottrell state that the Body Guards suffered 53 casualties and the Prairie Scouts 31. Zagonyi's official report claimed that at least
457:
Having lost the element of surprise in a clash with a small group of
Missouri State Guardsmen, Zagonyi detoured his men to the west. At around 4:00 p.m., Zagonyi's men encountered Frazier's command. The Missouri State Guardsmen had taken up a defensive position on a partially wooded ridge. The exact
647:
Patrick
Naughton and the Prairie Scouts, destroying a fence to make a path for their charge while under Missouri State Guard fire, with the attack driving Frazier's cavalry into Springfield and Frazier's infantry into some woods. Gerteis then has Zagonyi's men pursuing Guardsmen through the streets
656:
against
Frazier's line. Evidence also points to Naughton's company fighting with Foley, and Foley reported that a portion of the Prairie Scouts fought with his command instead of Zagonyi's two companies because of a misunderstanding. Zagonyi's report also claimed that he had raised a United States
634:
Julian
Frazier. The historian Louis Gerteis state that Frazier had an effective force of about 1,000 badly armed and trained men, although Zagonyi believed he faced 2,000 to 2,200 enemy soldiers. Zagonyi led about 300 men in his movement. While still 8 miles (13 km) away from Springfield, the
638:
At around 4:00 p.m., the Federal cavalry encountered Frazier's position, which was on partially wooded ridge. To the north of the Missouri State Guard position was a road, to the south was a lane with fences along the sides, and in front of it was Crane Creek. Zagonyi aligned his men for a charge
642:
Writing of the ensuing engagement, Starr states that "The truth of what happened in Springfield on this October day is lost beyond recovery", and Miller notes that Zagonyi's account of the action was intentionally inaccurate to glorify his troops at the expense of the Prairie Scouts. Gerteis
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Zagonyi claimed after the battle that the Prairie Scouts had not participated in the charge, but the official report of the Prairie Scouts states that two companies of that unit fought under Captain Charles Fairbanks near the Missouri State Guard's rear and made three
720:. Zagonyi left active military service in late June 1862. In the city of Springfield's Zagonyi Park is a 1931 monument commemorating the charge, although the accuracy of the text on the monument has been challenged.
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the next day, Zagonyi joined forces with the Prairie Scouts, although White was sick and followed in a carriage. Defending Springfield was a collection of new Missouri State Guard recruits commanded by
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700:. Hunter called off Frémont's offensive and withdrew from Springfield, allowing Price to reoccupy the city. About a week after taking command, Hunter was reassigned to
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on June 11, at the end of which Lyon declared that a state of open war had begun. Lyon then began an offensive that took control of the state capital of
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Zagonyi admitted to a loss of 15 killed, 27 wounded, and 10 missing in action. A postwar secondhand account written by Confederate officer
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625:, the Body Guard unit led the offensive. Late on October 24, Zagonyi and the Body Guard left camp to move towards Springfield. Reaching
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In response to the fall of Lexington, Frémont developed an unrealistic offensive plan that involved a thrust all the way down to
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Frémont arrived in Missouri on July 25. He brought with him a number of foreign-born officers, one of whom was the Hungarian
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made the situation worse for Frémont. He was relieved of command in early November, and replaced by Major General
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Julian Frazier was at Springfield. On October 24, Frémont sent a force raised as his bodyguard commanded by
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1339:. Vol. III: The War in the West, 1861–1865. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.
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in March 1862 secured Federal control of Missouri. Frémont and Zagonyi were assigned east to what is now
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on a scouting mission towards Springfield. After joining a cavalry force known as the Prairie Scouts at
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flag in Springfield, but Miller notes that there is evidence that suggests this is inaccurate.
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581:. His force outnumbered Price about 38,000 men to 18,000 men. As Federal troops gathered at
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unit intended to serve as a bodyguard for Frémont. While Frémont focused on events near
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1378:. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1881.
1320:. Vol. III: 1860 to 1875. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press.
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585:, Price fell back, pursued by Frémont's army. On October 20, Price's men reached
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517:. For a time Federal operations in Missouri were part of the purview of the
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the Guard's commander. Price, Lyon, and Jackson attended a meeting at the
708:. A Federal offensive in early 1862 drove Price out of Missouri, and the
497:. Jackson responded by creating a new pro-Confederate militia force, the
681:
Previously, Frémont had upset the Federal government with the impolitic
525:, which included Missouri, was created, and placed under the command of
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describes the sequence of the battle as Zagonyi's men, accompanied by
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570:. Frémont's response to Price's incursion was ineffective, and the
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432:
2029:
Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
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678:. Federal troops occupied Springfield two days after the battle.
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18:
Battle of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
21:
This article is about the 1861 battle. For the 1863 battle, see
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wrote a poem about it, and Frémont compared the action to the
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after Wilson's Creek, Price moved his militia north to the
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435:. The main body of the Missouri State Guard fell back to
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Zagonyi's "death attack" at Springfield, October 25th.
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captured a militia encampment sent by Missouri's pro-
1261:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press.
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589:, while the middle of October saw Frémont reach the
2054:
Operations to control Missouri (American Civil War)
1282:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin.
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Bloody Hill: The Civil War Battle of Wilson's Creek
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316:
416:militia organization, drove north and defeated a
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574:ended with a Federal surrender on September 20.
424:. Following the fighting at Lexington, Federal
25:. For the 1780 American Revolution battle, see
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513:, and drove the Missouri State Guard from the
2024:Battles of the American Civil War in Missouri
1406:
302:
1354:Steele, Phillip W.; Cottrell, Steve (1993).
1216:. Springfield-Greene County Library District
1214:"Marker Number Seventeen: Zagonyi's Charge"
558:. While the Confederate forces returned to
470:, conflict broke out between United States
1413:
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431:began a campaign that drove into southern
400:that took place on October 25, 1861, near
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2034:Union victories of the American Civil War
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474:(Union) forces and state authorities in
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1242:. Lincoln, Nebraska: Potomac Books.
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2039:History of Greene County, Missouri
1422:Missouri in the American Civil War
1337:The Union Cavalry in the Civil War
1238:Brooksher, William Riley (2000) .
14:
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1276:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998).
691:Adjutant General of the U.S. Army
2044:History of Springfield, Missouri
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1279:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
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603:23rd Illinois Infantry Regiment
2014:1861 in the American Civil War
1358:. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican.
704:and replaced by Major General
318:Operations to Control Missouri
1:
1316:Parrish, William E. (2001) .
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689:, and a negative report from
599:3rd Illinois Cavalry Regiment
239:
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23:Second Battle of Springfield
7:
1488:Price's Missouri Expedition
1143:, p. 186, incl. fn.45.
676:Charge of the Light Brigade
478:. On May 10, 1861, Federal
394:First Battle of Springfield
37:First Battle of Springfield
10:
2070:
1335:Starr, Stephen Z. (1985).
1304:Missouri Historical Review
1297:Miller, Robert E. (1982).
1257:Gerteis, Louis S. (2012).
1069:Steele & Cottrell 1993
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73:October 25, 1861
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44:Trans-Mississippi Theater
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667:William Preston Johnston
556:Battle of Wilson's Creek
406:Battle of Wilson's Creek
277:Location within Missouri
1446:Harney–Price Convention
1441:Capture of Camp Jackson
1356:Civil War in the Ozarks
552:Confederate States Army
111:37.203500°N 93.320500°W
61:Springfield Battlefield
621:As the advance neared
618:
579:New Orleans, Louisiana
523:Department of the West
519:Department of the Ohio
178:Commanders and leaders
171:Missouri (Confederate)
1526:Battle of Dug Springs
1318:A History of Missouri
1105:Official Records 1881
930:, p. 179, fn.20.
623:Springfield, Missouri
616:
515:Missouri River Valley
507:Planter's House Hotel
491:Claiborne Fox Jackson
420:(Union) force in the
402:Springfield, Missouri
116:37.203500; -93.320500
90:Springfield, Missouri
27:Battle of Springfield
683:Frémont Emancipation
591:Pomme de Terre River
583:Georgetown, Missouri
521:, but on July 1 the
499:Missouri State Guard
410:Missouri State Guard
396:was a battle of the
274:class=notpageimage|
222:Missouri State Guard
212:Frémont's Body Guard
2049:October 1861 events
1203:, pp. 189–191.
1107:, pp. 251–252.
1095:, pp. 184–185.
983:, pp. 180–181.
894:, pp. 116–117.
834:, pp. 177–178.
798:, pp. 110–111.
710:Battle of Pea Ridge
495:Camp Jackson affair
107: /
1986:American Civil War
1551:Blue Mills Landing
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572:Siege of Lexington
542:, who recruited a
468:American Civil War
422:Siege of Lexington
398:American Civil War
359:Blue Mills Landing
49:American Civil War
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1741:(by city or town)
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1576:Mount Zion Church
1289:978-0-395-74012-5
1268:978-0-8262-1972-5
1249:978-1-57488-205-6
1191:, pp. 45–46.
1167:, pp. 39–40.
1155:, pp. 36–37.
995:, pp. 38–39.
846:, pp. 28–29.
762:, pp. 21–22.
738:, pp. 19–20.
601:and one from the
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2019:1861 in Missouri
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404:. Following the
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1230:
1228:
1227:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1131:, p. 186.
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1083:, p. 183.
1073:
1058:
1056:, p. 181.
1043:
1041:, p. 119.
1024:
1022:, p. 182.
1012:
997:
985:
973:
971:, p. 179.
961:
949:
947:, p. 118.
932:
920:
918:, p. 117.
908:
896:
884:
872:
870:, p. 108.
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
810:, p. 175.
800:
796:Brooksher 2000
788:
776:
764:
752:
740:
727:
725:
722:
694:Lorenzo Thomas
662:
659:
610:
607:
564:Missouri River
511:Jefferson City
503:Sterling Price
483:Nathaniel Lyon
463:
460:
385:
384:
382:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
349:Dry Wood Creek
346:
344:Wilson's Creek
341:
336:
331:
325:
322:
321:
314:
313:
306:
299:
291:
283:
282:
272:
271:
265:
264:
257:
256:
250:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
237:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
218:
217:
216:Prairie Scouts
214:
207:
206:
205:Units involved
202:
201:
200:Julian Frazier
193:
180:
179:
175:
174:
162:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
128:
124:
123:
88:
86:
82:
81:
71:
63:
62:
52:
51:
39:
38:
32:
31:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2066:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1998:United States
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Fort Davidson
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:Monuments and
1837:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:2nd Lexington
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Fort Davidson
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
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1633:
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1613:
1610:
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1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Fredericktown
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:1st Lexington
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:Shelby's Raid
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1365:0-88289-988-0
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1346:0-8071-1209-7
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1327:0-8262-1376-6
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:(2): 174–192.
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1179:, p. 41.
1178:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1119:, p. 25.
1118:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1071:, p. 37.
1070:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1010:, p. 38.
1009:
1004:
1002:
994:
989:
982:
977:
970:
965:
959:, p. 37.
958:
953:
946:
941:
939:
937:
929:
924:
917:
912:
906:, p. 38.
905:
900:
893:
888:
882:, p. 35.
881:
876:
869:
864:
858:, p. 34.
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
822:, p. 28.
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
792:
786:, p. 27.
785:
780:
774:, p. 20.
773:
768:
761:
756:
750:, p. 17.
749:
744:
737:
732:
728:
721:
719:
715:
714:West Virginia
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
668:
658:
655:
649:
646:
640:
636:
633:
628:
624:
615:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
533:
531:
528:
527:Major General
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:Early in the
459:
455:
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
426:Major General
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Fredericktown
362:
360:
357:
355:
354:1st Lexington
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
323:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
293:
292:
289:
275:
254:
245:
238:
232:
231:
226:
223:
220:
215:
211:
210:
209:
208:
203:
198:
194:
192:
187:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
163:
160:
156:
155:United States
151:
146:
145:
140:
132:
129:
126:
125:
120:
91:
87:
84:
83:
72:
69:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
24:
16:
1957:
1863:Island Mound
1724:2nd Newtonia
1632:Clark's Mill
1627:Island Mound
1622:1st Newtonia
1602:Moore's Mill
1374:
1355:
1336:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1278:
1258:
1239:
1218:. Retrieved
1208:
1196:
1189:Parrish 2001
1184:
1177:Parrish 2001
1172:
1165:Parrish 2001
1160:
1153:Parrish 2001
1148:
1136:
1124:
1117:Kennedy 1998
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1039:Gerteis 2012
1015:
988:
976:
964:
952:
945:Gerteis 2012
923:
916:Gerteis 2012
911:
904:Parrish 2001
899:
892:Gerteis 2012
887:
880:Parrish 2001
875:
868:Gerteis 2012
863:
856:Parrish 2001
851:
844:Parrish 2001
839:
827:
820:Parrish 2001
815:
803:
791:
784:Parrish 2001
779:
772:Kennedy 1998
767:
760:Parrish 2001
755:
748:Parrish 2001
743:
736:Kennedy 1998
731:
698:David Hunter
680:
672:George Boker
664:
650:
641:
637:
620:
576:
534:
501:, and named
465:
456:
393:
391:
368:
142:Belligerents
102:93°19′13.8″W
99:37°12′12.6″N
42:Part of the
15:
1776:Confederate
1738:Involvement
1699:Little Blue
1663:Chalk Bluff
1462:Confederacy
1201:Miller 1982
1141:Miller 1982
1129:Miller 1982
1093:Miller 1982
1081:Miller 1982
1054:Miller 1982
1020:Miller 1982
981:Miller 1982
969:Miller 1982
928:Miller 1982
832:Miller 1982
808:Miller 1982
487:Confederate
414:Confederate
266:Springfield
114: /
2008:Categories
1897:Cemeteries
1607:Kirksville
1597:New Madrid
1455:Combatants
1232:References
1008:Starr 1985
993:Starr 1985
957:Starr 1985
77:1861-10-25
1872:Newtonia
1868:Lexington
1841:memorials
1832:Aftermath
1760:St. Louis
1750:Centralia
1653:Hartville
1617:Lone Jack
1516:Cole Camp
1511:Boonville
1476:Campaigns
1384:262466842
1299:"Zagonyi"
1220:14 August
661:Aftermath
595:companies
568:Lexington
489:governor
334:Cole Camp
329:Boonville
1947:Category
1853:Carthage
1714:Westport
1709:Big Blue
1521:Carthage
566:town of
560:Arkansas
476:Missouri
433:Missouri
412:, a pro-
339:Carthage
228:Strength
85:Location
1972:Portals
1958:Commons
1769:Leaders
1755:Osceola
1689:Glasgow
1684:Sedalia
1566:Belmont
1497:Battles
1429:Origins
645:Captain
632:Colonel
627:Bolivar
597:of the
544:cavalry
493:in the
472:Federal
462:Prelude
452:Bolivar
441:Colonel
418:Federal
131:Federal
75: (
1848:Athens
1531:Athens
1382:
1362:
1343:
1324:
1286:
1265:
1246:
702:Kansas
609:Battle
437:Neosho
408:, the
127:Result
46:of the
1802:Union
1467:Union
724:Notes
537:Major
445:Major
242:1,000
159:Union
1672:1864
1641:1863
1585:1862
1504:1861
1380:OCLC
1360:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1222:2023
392:The
70:Date
236:300
2010::
1309:76
1307:.
1301:.
1061:^
1046:^
1027:^
1000:^
935:^
605:.
240:c.
234:c.
1974::
1414:e
1407:t
1400:v
1386:.
1368:.
1349:.
1330:.
1292:.
1271:.
1252:.
1224:.
310:e
303:t
296:v
161:)
157:(
79:)
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
