469:. During the proper military campaign season, the Ottomans assembled a large army, estimated by contemporary western sources at about 90,000-150,000 soldiers, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II and entered Moldavia in June 1476. Dennis Deletant and Keith Hitchins regard these numbers as accurate, but according to Kármán Gábor, these sources are undoubtedly exaggerated, the fact that the first 100,000-strong army in Ottoman military history was formed during the reign of Selim II and that Ottoman military records kept at the time of the war recorded that the army was close to 30,000 shows that western sources give exaggerated numbers. Meanwhile, groups of
504:
with the bones of the dead, other
Christian sources say that the losses were very small for the Moldavians. The Polish chronicler Jan Długosz estimates them at "more than 200 dead", and the Italian Giovanni Maria Angiolello states that "about 200 were killed and about 800 captured". Given the subsequent course of events, Stephen likely saved most of his army, which he regrouped and used to constantly harass the Ottomans.
495:
artillery. The next day, on 26 July 1476, after an artillery duel, the main
Ottoman forces were lured into a forest that was set on fire, causing some casualties to the attacking Ottoman army in the forest. According to another battle description, the defending Moldavian forces repelled several attacks with steady fire from hand-guns. The attacking Ottoman
559:(set in the final year of Stephen's reign), one can find a description of the battle in the form of a dialog between the daughters and widows of the boyars who had fallen in the battle, in which they describe how their respective fathers and husbands had to drag Stephen out of the battle, as he desperately tried to keep fighting.
490:
The
Ottoman army crossed the Danube in the second half of June 1476, then advanced on the Siret Valley, towards Suceava. Under these conditions, Stephen strengthened the fortresses and sent part of the army against the Tatars, succeeding in driving them out of the country, cutting the supplies of the
481:
forces "occupied
Bessarabia and took Akkerman, gaining control of the southern mouth of the Danube. Stephan tried to avoid open battle with the Ottomans by following a scorched-earth policy." In the process the Moldavians forces ended up being dispersed throughout the country, leaving only a small
503:
Stephen, after a fierce resistance, overwhelmed by the number of opponents, was forced to abandon the camp and retreat through the forest. Although the
Moldavian chronicler Grigore Ureche says that both the Ottomans and Stephen suffered heavy losses, saying that the entire battlefield was covered
499:
were forced to crouch on their stomachs instead of charging headlong into the defenders' positions. Seeing the imminent defeat of his forces, Mehmed charged with his personal guard against the
Moldavians, managing to rally the Janissaries, and turning the tide of the battle. Ottoman Janissaries
491:
Ottomans. Without receiving help from the Poles or
Hungarians, Stephen was forced to oppose the invading army with only about 10,000-12,000 soldiers. He established his camp on a high plateau, that he fortified with trenches, palisades and wagons linked together, according to the Hussite model.
494:
On 25 July 1476, Stephen attacked the
Ottoman vanguard led by the beylerbey of Rumelia, Süleyman Hadambul, whom he had previously defeated at the Battle of Vaslui. He inflicted heavy losses, but the arrival of the main Ottoman army forced him to retreat to the fortified camp, sheltered by the
41:
1409:
477:(the Ottomans' recent ally) were sent to attack Moldavia. According to Dennis Deletant and Keith Hitchins, they were repelled. But according to Shaw Stanford that joint Ottoman and
182:
722:
Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013). The
European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004246065.
654:
Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013). The
European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004246065.
291:
516:
and began forming another army. The Ottomans captured considerable parts of Moldavian territory but were unable to conquer some of the major Moldavian strongholds such as
543:'s command. Confronted with this army and with Stephen's counterattack, the Ottomans retreated from major parts of Moldavia in August 1476 to come back again in 1480.
1907:
746:
528:
and were constantly harassed by small-scale Moldavians attacks. Soon they were also confronted with starvation, a situation made worse by an outbreak of the
387:
175:
2883:
1588:
301:
2295:
168:
2794:
2848:
2276:
884:
2760:
1474:
875:
834:
2868:
1971:
1390:
2769:
1528:
1076:
218:
2858:
2853:
2843:
1554:
1770:
2878:
2838:
1189:
810:
1765:
980:
1876:
1090:
844:
790:
762:
625:
556:
513:
2704:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2005:
465:
under their control, at winter by using an army of Rumelian local levies, ended disastrously with a defeat in the
2049:
1789:
1614:
1233:
938:
2620:
973:
443:
1801:
2714:
2682:
2271:
2127:
2103:
2038:
2033:
2028:
868:
2698:
2549:
2358:
1949:
2524:
2368:
2061:
1238:
669:
2445:
1663:
1581:
2873:
2863:
1883:
1607:
1574:
1533:
1175:
897:
782:
193:
1870:
1754:
2594:
2043:
1776:
1760:
1695:
1430:
1416:
1336:
1253:
267:
2719:
2424:
2214:
2134:
2121:
1994:
1983:
1499:
1299:
1223:
861:
349:
296:
106:
2554:
1821:
1677:
1649:
2833:
2692:
2676:
2636:
2587:
2399:
2363:
2266:
2250:
2219:
2174:
2169:
2140:
2055:
1816:
1741:
1735:
1218:
1146:
1140:
368:
344:
325:
2232:
1894:
1848:
2630:
2576:
2373:
2346:
2116:
1836:
1795:
1705:
1670:
1522:
1467:
1376:
1369:
1310:
1158:
1130:
1096:
286:
32:
2145:
1036:
853:
836:
The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
736:
690:
2600:
2534:
2514:
2341:
2184:
2150:
1635:
1595:
1396:
1355:
1101:
1051:
917:
427:
233:
64:
2565:
1889:
1806:
1628:
670:"Bătălia de la Războieni - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România"
2625:
2529:
2504:
2470:
2419:
2352:
2261:
2179:
2156:
2110:
1989:
1864:
1842:
1783:
1729:
1718:
1493:
1480:
1348:
1284:
1041:
1007:
1001:
482:
force of about 10,000–12,000 men, led by Stephen himself, to face the main Ottoman attack.
450:
375:
249:
118:
2314:
1516:
1135:
1069:
1019:
695:
540:
8:
2652:
2647:
2571:
2559:
2519:
2475:
2209:
1913:
1826:
1711:
1642:
1442:
1322:
1259:
1057:
945:
1383:
1024:
2734:
2729:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2458:
2429:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2281:
2194:
2189:
2076:
1999:
1929:
1923:
1511:
1362:
1329:
1228:
1213:
1208:
1118:
1113:
1107:
952:
211:
102:
2406:
2336:
1918:
2658:
2642:
2610:
2452:
2434:
2413:
2256:
2225:
1977:
1900:
1853:
1811:
1724:
1700:
1689:
1656:
1505:
1460:
1436:
1402:
994:
987:
966:
959:
924:
840:
786:
758:
621:
588:
439:
320:
308:
278:
245:
123:
1943:
2687:
2325:
2319:
2163:
2096:
1831:
1539:
1316:
1304:
1278:
1265:
1248:
1083:
1063:
1046:
1030:
931:
466:
257:
225:
521:
2739:
2724:
2709:
2605:
2544:
2539:
2499:
2439:
2383:
2331:
2204:
2199:
1954:
1936:
1858:
1747:
1683:
1601:
1486:
1243:
1152:
1124:
1013:
814:
738:
645:
D. Deletant, K. Hitchins, History of Romania, Ed. Corint, Bucharest, 2002, p. 157
615:
474:
447:
356:
238:
2615:
2509:
2464:
1621:
1294:
888:
742:
529:
500:
penetrated inside the forest and engaged the defenders in man-to-man fighting.
478:
93:
807:
2827:
2809:
2796:
2581:
1423:
1289:
536:
512:
Stephen retreated into the north-western part of Moldavia or even into the
332:
160:
779:
History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey – Vol 1: Empire of Gazis
336:
312:
274:
496:
391:
462:
435:
423:
419:
360:
207:
98:
517:
470:
68:
883:
525:
817:(The special role of artillery in the larger Moldavian armies)
757:] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ed. Corint. pp. 157–158.
135:
90,000–150,000 according to Dennis Deletant and Keith Hitchins
569:
40:
808:
Rolul distinctiv al artileriei în marile oşti moldoveneşti
535:
Meanwhile, anti-Ottoman forces were being assembled in
2825:
832:
575:
869:
833:Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013).
176:
2761:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
876:
862:
190:
183:
169:
713:, Vol. 3, (Greenwood Press, 2007), 1058.
703:
641:
639:
637:
461:In 1475 the Ottoman's attempt to bring
2826:
2770:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
664:
662:
660:
613:
2884:Battles of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars
2756:For 20th-century battles before 1914
857:
732:
730:
728:
711:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z
620:. Yakın Plan Yayınları. p. 168.
164:
26:Battle of Valea Albă/Războieni/Akdere
2849:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
771:
685:
683:
634:
2765:For the battles during World War I
657:
13:
725:
614:Öztuna, Yılmaz (29 October 2023).
446:which was commanded personally by
14:
2895:
680:
551:In the Romanian theatrical play
418:, was an important event in the
137:30,000 according to Kármán Gábor
39:
2869:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror
826:
796:
434:, on 26 July 1476, between the
716:
648:
607:
581:
1:
617:Fatih; Büyük Kartalın gölgesi
562:
546:
456:
16:Battle in present day Romania
699:(in Romanian). 26 July 2005.
557:Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea
507:
219:Khillia and White Fortresses
7:
2859:History of Western Moldavia
2854:Military history of Romania
2844:Battles involving Wallachia
10:
2900:
2879:1476 in the Ottoman Empire
2839:Battles involving Moldavia
783:Cambridge University Press
749:; Pompiliu Teodor (2002).
576:Kármán & Kunčevic 2013
2780:Ottoman victories are in
2778:
2752:
2668:
2307:
2294:
2242:
2088:
2075:
1963:
1566:
1553:
1452:
1201:
1188:
1168:
909:
896:
777:Shaw, Stanford J. (1976)
485:
204:
146:
129:
112:
87:
47:
38:
30:
25:
674:enciclopediaromaniei.ro
195:Moldavian–Ottoman Wars
113:Commanders and leaders
33:Moldavian-Ottoman Wars
147:Casualties and losses
451:Mehmed the Conqueror
410:, also known as the
408:Battle of Valea Albă
119:Mehmed the Conqueror
2810:47.0783°N 26.5603°E
2806: /
426:. It took place at
412:Battle of Războieni
155:1,000 and 11 boyars
813:2007-09-27 at the
755:History of Romania
737:Mihai Bărbulescu;
388:Vieniamin Costache
212:Alexander the Good
103:Kingdom of Hungary
2874:Stephen the Great
2864:Conflicts in 1476
2789:
2788:
2748:
2747:
2299:(1789–1908)
2290:
2289:
2080:(1700–1789)
2071:
2070:
1558:(1550–1700)
1549:
1548:
1193:(1453–1550)
1184:
1183:
901:(1299–1453)
839:. Leiden: Brill.
747:Șerban Papacostea
696:Jurnalul Național
589:"Tartalomjegyzék"
541:Stephen V Báthory
440:Stephen the Great
401:
400:
309:Michael the Brave
228: (1443-1444)
159:
158:
124:Stephen the Great
83:
82:
2891:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:47.0783; 26.5603
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2683:2nd Kerch Strait
2305:
2304:
2300:
2272:1st Kerch Strait
2086:
2085:
2081:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1529:Strait of Hormuz
1391:Peñón of Algiers
1199:
1198:
1194:
907:
906:
902:
878:
871:
864:
855:
854:
850:
820:
804:
800:
794:
775:
769:
768:
751:Istoria României
734:
723:
720:
714:
707:
701:
700:
691:"Moment Istoric"
687:
678:
677:
666:
655:
652:
646:
643:
632:
631:
611:
605:
604:
602:
600:
585:
579:
573:
467:Battle of Vaslui
442:and an invading
430:, also known as
416:Battle of Akdere
226:Crusade of Varna
199:
198:
196:
185:
178:
171:
162:
161:
49:
48:
43:
23:
22:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2824:
2823:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2774:
2744:
2705:6th Dardanelles
2699:5th Dardanelles
2664:
2298:
2297:
2286:
2238:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2023:4th Dardanelles
2017:3rd Dardanelles
2012:2nd Dardanelles
2006:1st Dardanelles
1959:
1771:2nd Zrínyiújvár
1766:1st Zrínyiújvár
1761:Jurjeve Stijene
1557:
1556:
1545:
1448:
1192:
1191:
1180:
1164:
900:
899:
892:
882:
847:
829:
824:
823:
815:Wayback Machine
802:
801:
797:
776:
772:
765:
739:Dennis Deletant
735:
726:
721:
717:
708:
704:
689:
688:
681:
668:
667:
658:
653:
649:
644:
635:
628:
612:
608:
598:
596:
587:
586:
582:
574:
570:
565:
549:
510:
488:
475:Crimean Khanate
459:
404:
403:
402:
397:
357:Gaspar Graziani
200:
194:
192:
191:
189:
141:
136:
105:
101:
79:Ottoman victory
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2897:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:1476 in Europe
2787:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1995:Cape Celidonia
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1790:Saint Gotthard
1787:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1664:Alcácer Quibir
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1561:
1555:Transformation
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1159:Constantinople
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
913:
911:
904:
894:
893:
889:Ottoman Empire
887:involving the
881:
880:
873:
866:
858:
852:
851:
845:
828:
825:
822:
821:
795:
770:
763:
743:Keith Hitchins
724:
715:
702:
679:
656:
647:
633:
626:
606:
595:(in Hungarian)
580:
578:, p. 266.
567:
566:
564:
561:
548:
545:
514:Polish Kingdom
509:
506:
487:
484:
458:
455:
399:
398:
396:
395:
384:
383:
372:
371:
365:
364:
353:
352:
347:
341:
340:
329:
328:
323:
317:
316:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
283:
282:
271:
270:
265:
260:
254:
253:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
222:
221:
205:
202:
201:
188:
187:
180:
173:
165:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
110:
109:
96:
94:Ottoman Empire
90:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
67:, present-day
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2896:
2885:
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803:(in Romanian)
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791:0-521-29163-1
788:
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764:973-653-215-1
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2308:Land battles
2249:
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2224:
2162:
2155:
2133:
2126:
2122:2nd Belgrade
2117:Petrovaradin
2109:
2102:
2095:
2089:Land battles
2060:
2048:
2021:
2004:
1982:
1970:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1908:Egri Palanka
1906:
1899:
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1567:Land battles
1538:
1534:Gulf of Oman
1521:
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1258:
1224:1st Belgrade
1202:Land battles
1157:
1145:
1123:
1106:
1097:Hermannstadt
1089:
1082:
1077:Thessalonica
1075:
1068:
1056:
1029:
1012:
1002:Philadelphia
1000:
993:
986:
981:Sırp Sındığı
979:
972:
965:
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944:
937:
930:
923:
918:Kulaca Hisar
916:
910:Land battles
835:
827:Bibliography
819:, April 2000
806:
798:
778:
773:
754:
750:
718:
710:
705:
694:
673:
650:
616:
609:
597:. Retrieved
592:
583:
571:
552:
550:
537:Transylvania
534:
511:
502:
493:
489:
460:
444:Ottoman army
431:
415:
411:
407:
405:
380:
376:
333:Jan Zamoyski
262:
206:
88:Belligerents
55:26 July 1476
31:Part of the
18:
2813: /
2601:Shipka Pass
2555:Başgedikler
2550:Akhaltsikhe
2515:Akhaltsikhe
2359:Mount Tabor
2342:Shubra Khit
2277:2nd Ochakov
2220:2nd Ochakov
2180:Stavunchany
2175:1st Ochakov
1719:Nagykanizsa
1397:Leobersdorf
497:Janissaries
422:history of
394:(1806-1812)
381:(1710-1711)
377:Pruth River
315:(1593-1606)
281:(1484-1499)
279:Stephen III
252:(1473-1479)
246:Stephen III
2828:Categories
2801:26°33′37″E
2798:47°04′42″N
2595:Kızıl Tepe
2471:Dervenakia
2369:Heliopolis
2233:Karánsebes
2157:Banja Luka
2077:Old Regime
2062:Samothrace
1990:Cape Corvo
1884:Negroponte
1871:2nd Mohács
1865:Vrtijeljka
1832:2nd Vienna
1817:2nd Khotyn
1802:Krasnobród
1742:1st Khotyn
1730:Tashiskari
1696:Călugăreni
1643:Gvozdansko
1615:Mostaganem
1494:Formentera
1487:1st Jeddah
1384:1st Mohács
1349:Mercidabık
1285:Breadfield
1272:Valea Albă
1234:Târgoviște
1219:2nd Oranik
1147:2nd Kosovo
1141:1st Oranik
1042:Karanovasa
1008:Dubravnica
974:Adrianople
805:Akademia,
563:References
547:In fiction
457:Background
432:Valea Albă
337:Mehmed III
313:Mehmed III
275:Bayezid II
263:Valea Albă
2653:Velestino
2648:Al Wajbah
2572:Eupatoria
2560:Kurekdere
2520:Kulevicha
2476:Karpenisi
2446:Drăgășani
2210:Kozludzha
2146:Yeghevārd
2050:Oinousses
1914:Slankamen
1827:Trembowla
1777:Novi Zrin
1712:Keresztes
1706:2nd Brest
1671:1st Brest
1443:Sokhoista
1431:Esztergom
1356:Han Yunus
1300:Cătlăbuga
1260:Otlukbeli
1239:2nd Mokra
1176:Gallipoli
1131:1st Mokra
1091:Novo Brdo
1058:Nicopolis
1037:Kırkdilim
960:Gallipoli
946:Pelekanon
508:Aftermath
473:from the
436:Moldavian
428:Războieni
392:Mahmud II
297:Cătlăbuga
250:Mehmed II
107:Lithuania
65:Războieni
2735:Navarino
2730:Gerontas
2693:Kaliakra
2626:Taşkesen
2616:4th Kars
2582:3rd Kars
2577:Chernaya
2566:Oltenița
2530:2nd Acre
2505:2nd Kars
2494:Phaleron
2487:Kamatero
2481:Arachova
2459:Vasilika
2430:Valtetsi
2394:Al-Safra
2389:Slobozia
2379:Arpachai
2353:1st Acre
2347:Pyramids
2282:Fidonisi
2195:Aspindza
2190:Khresili
2185:1st Kars
2044:Mytilene
2000:Focchies
1930:Moulouya
1924:Ustechko
1890:Batočina
1807:Niemirów
1755:Köbölkút
1582:Temesvár
1512:Girolata
1475:Balearic
1363:Ridanieh
1343:Koçhisar
1330:Turnadag
1323:Çaldıran
1229:Albulena
1214:Krusevac
1209:Leskovac
1119:Torvioll
1114:Kunovica
1108:Zlatitsa
953:Demotika
811:Archived
463:Moldavia
438:army of
424:Moldavia
420:medieval
361:Osman II
326:Șelimbăr
292:Akkerman
208:Mehmed I
130:Strength
99:Moldavia
60:Location
2782:italics
2720:Nauplia
2715:Algiers
2659:Domokos
2643:Mouzaki
2631:Novšiće
2611:Aladzha
2588:Al-Hasa
2525:Algiers
2453:Sculeni
2435:Doliana
2425:Erzurum
2414:Alamana
2326:Giurgiu
2315:Focșani
2257:Matapan
2226:Mehadia
2215:Kinburn
2170:Perekop
2135:Samarra
2128:Kurijan
2039:Algiers
2034:Algiers
2029:Algiers
1978:Lepanto
1901:Zernest
1895:2nd Niš
1854:Eperjes
1837:Párkány
1812:Komarno
1796:Ładyżyn
1725:Sufiyan
1701:Giurgiu
1657:Torches
1629:Szigeth
1608:Tlemcen
1575:Tlemcen
1517:Alborán
1506:Preveza
1461:Zonchio
1437:Karagak
1417:Algiers
1410:Baghdad
1403:Gorjani
1377:Tlemcen
1337:Algiers
1279:Shkodra
1136:Otonetë
1102:1st Niš
1084:Golubac
1070:Çamurlu
1020:Pločnik
995:Maritsa
988:Samokov
967:Ihtiman
925:Bapheus
885:Battles
599:29 June
593:oszk.hu
518:Suceava
471:Tartars
414:or the
350:Suceava
321:Giurgiu
69:Romania
2688:Tendra
2677:Andros
2637:Ulcinj
2606:Plevna
2420:Gravia
2400:Jeddah
2364:Abukir
2332:Izmail
2320:Rymnik
2267:Patras
2251:Imbros
2164:Grocka
2141:Kirkuk
2097:Chelif
2056:Andros
1972:Cyprus
1877:Crimea
1748:Candia
1736:Cecora
1650:Çıldır
1589:Palast
1540:Djerba
1317:Dubica
1311:Krbava
1305:Vrpile
1266:Vaslui
1249:Vaikal
1064:Ankara
1047:Rovine
1031:Kosovo
1025:Bileća
939:Nicaea
932:Dimbos
891:by era
843:
789:
761:
624:
539:under
530:plague
524:, and
486:Battle
448:Sultan
369:Cecora
363:(1620)
345:Cecora
339:(1595)
302:Scheia
287:Chilia
258:Vaslui
214:(1420)
152:30,000
142:20,000
140:12,000
76:Result
2740:Sinop
2725:Samos
2710:Athos
2545:Nezib
2540:Konya
2510:Varna
2500:Petra
2440:Lalas
2407:Čegar
2384:Batin
2374:Derna
2337:Măcin
2262:Çeşme
2205:Kagul
2200:Larga
2151:Ganja
2111:Pruth
1984:Tunis
1955:Zenta
1937:Lugos
1919:Hodów
1859:Kassa
1784:Jijel
1690:Banat
1684:Sisak
1678:Bihać
1622:Krupa
1602:Tadla
1523:Ponza
1500:Tunis
1468:Modon
1370:Jajce
1295:Adana
1254:Meçad
1244:Ohrid
1153:Polog
1125:Varna
1052:Ohrid
1014:Savra
753:[
526:Hotin
522:Neamț
239:Varna
2535:Hims
2465:Peta
2104:Oran
1950:Azov
1944:Ulaş
1843:Buda
1822:Lwów
1424:Pest
898:Rise
841:ISBN
793:p.68
787:ISBN
759:ISBN
622:ISBN
601:2023
406:The
390:and
359:and
335:and
311:and
277:and
248:and
234:Nish
210:and
52:Date
2767:see
2758:see
1849:Vác
1636:Fez
1596:Fez
1481:Diu
1290:Una
555:by
2830::
785:,
745:;
741:;
727:^
693:.
682:^
672:.
659:^
636:^
591:.
532:.
520:,
453:.
2784:.
877:e
870:t
863:v
849:.
767:.
676:.
630:.
603:.
184:e
177:t
170:v
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