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Battle of Xiaoyao Ford

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1086:) with a letter that read "Open when the enemy arrives" on the envelope. As Sun Quan's army was already advancing towards Hefei, the defending generals opened the letter, which stated: "When Sun Quan arrives, generals Zhang (Liao) and Li (Dian) will engage him; General Yue (Jin) will remain behind to defend and not go into battle." The generals were uncertain about the orders but Zhang Liao said, "Our lord is away at war. By the time his reinforcements reach here, we're already done for. So he is actually instructing us to take advantage of the situation, when the enemy has just arrived and not fully gathered yet, to attack them and devastate their morale so as to calm our men and strengthen our defences. Victory or defeat, it all depends on this battle. Why are the two of you still hesitating?" Li Dian was moved and he said, "This is a national crisis. We'll see how your strategy works out. How can I let my personal affairs take precedence over my official duties?" Zhang Liao then selected 800 "die-hard" soldiers overnight in preparation for the upcoming battle, and threw a banquet for his men. 250: 257: 1111:
force but Zhang Liao fought fiercely and succeeded in breaking out of the encirclement. When his remaining men, still trapped inside, shouted, "Has our general abandoned us?" Zhang Liao ploughed back through enemy ranks and rescued his men. Sun Quan's men were stunned by Zhang Liao's valour and did not dare to stand in his way.
1064:. Liu Bei was afraid that if Hanzhong fell to Cao Cao, Yi Province would be in peril as Hanzhong was the "gateway" to Yi Province. Hence, Liu Bei made peace with Sun Quan by dividing southern Jing Province. In return, Sun Quan promised to divert Cao Cao's attention from the west by attacking Hefei fortress. 1167:
During a banquet hosted by Sun Quan after the battle, He Qi wept and said, "My lord, as a leader of men, you should be prudent. Today we were almost wiped out and the men are in shock. I hope you will learn from this lesson." Sun Quan thanked He Qi for his advice and promised to remember it for life.
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After the engagement, Pan Zhang was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General for his role in rallying the troops but the long morning's battle had crushed the morale of Sun Quan's troops. Zhang Liao brought his survivors back to the city and fortified his defences. Zhang Liao's victory boosted his
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As Zhang Liao arrived at Sun Quan's standard, Sun Quan retreated at the high ground, defending himself with lance and Zhang Liao shouted for Sun Quan to come down and fight him, but Sun did not dare to move. When Sun Quan saw how few men Zhang Liao had and ordered his troops to surround the raiding
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On the northern shore, Ling Tong gave all for his lord's cause, fighting until all his 300 men had died and the other units had retreated while he himself was badly wounded having killed tens of men. Knowing Sun Quan was safety away by this time, Ling Tong found the bridge was broken and the roads
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When the battle was over, Zhang Liao asked a captive soldier, "Who was that purple-bearded, long-bodied, short-legged man so skilled in mounted archery?" The soldier replied it was Sun Quan. Zhang Liao then told Yue Jin that he regretted not chasing after this purple-bearded fighter, for he could
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When the news reached Cao Cao, he could hardly believe what his officers had achieved, so he later travelled to Xiaoyao Ford to scrutinize the battlefield. Zhang Liao was promoted to the rank of "General Conqueror of the East". Li Dian was granted 100 more households, for a total of 300. Yue Jin
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Sun Quan decided to personally oversee the rearguard, numbering only about 1,000 and were the last to move. Zhang Liao launched an attack, when Sun Quan had the fewest troops with Sun Quan's rearguard cut off from the rest of the army at Xiaoyao Ford when he, Li Dian, and Yue Jin led all their
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also drove away the officials Sun Quan sent to three commanderies in southern Jing Province. Sun Quan then withdrew his elite generals from the northern frontier and ordered Lü Meng and Ling Tong to lead 20,000 troops to take the three commanderies of Jing Province, while sending
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to lead the offensive. Upon knowing Sun Quan had arrived on the battlefield, Zhang Liao moved out of Hefei fortress to reinforce Wan County. However, Sun Quan's energetic troops took Wan County within a day, and Zhu Guang was captured along with his advisor Dong He
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By that time, Sun Quan had already boarded a boat and been secured by He Qi's arrival with three thousand men, and he was pleased to see Ling Tong again but Ling Tong wept at the death of all his close aides. Sun Quan comforted him, saying, "Gongji (Ling Tong's
913:), but victory eluded him for more than a month, and he was forced on the defensive. After his repeated failures against the southerners, Cao Cao was worried that the various counties along the Yangtze River would be taken by Sun Quan, so he adopted a 1179:
On Sun Quan's side, Ling Tong and Pan Zhang were promoted to "Lieutenant General" while Jiang Qin was appointed "General Vanquisher of Bandits". Sun Quan also attended Chen Wu's funeral and ordered Chen's favourite concubine to join him in death.
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received 500 more taxable households, for a total of 1,200. Five hundred households were allotted to Yue Jin's son, who had also fought. Yue Jin's son also received the title of marquis, while the father was promoted to "General of the Right".
1147:, Sun Quan's bodyguard, told his master to sit tight, grab the reins firmly. Gu Li whipped the horse's flanks, and it made a mighty leap across to the southern side. Ling Tong turned back to hold off the enemy after seeing Sun Quan to safety. 1139:
and his personal companions of 300 men cut a way out for Sun Quan. As Sun Quan's side was in confusion and battle signals were not given, Gan Ning drummed the other units to action, while he personally shot arrows at the enemy.
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The following morning, Zhang Liao led the 800 soldiers, as did Li Dian, on a raid. Zhang Liao personally killed tens of enemy soldiers and two officers, breaking through the barricades and shouting his name. In the chaos
1159:), let the dead go. As long as you live, why worry that you'll have no men under you?" Sun Quan later put Ling Tong in command of twice his previous force while He Qi rebuked Sun Quan for his recklessness in the battle. 1198:. In the games, the battle is known as both the "Battle of He Fei" and the "Battle of Hefei" (depending on the installment), and is not to be confused with another stage (Battle of Hefei Castle), which refers to the 1134:
When Sun Quan saw that the advancing attack, he realised his danger and hurriedly recalled his retreating units, but they could not return in time. As the 1,000 men of Sun Quan were engulfed by Zhang Liao's force,
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and started to form military communities, families of soldiers concentrated in fortified towns. The Yangtze region became depopulated as residents were relocated except for Wan County (皖縣; present-day
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and launched a sneak counteroffensive on Sun Quan at Leisure Ford, where Sun only had 1,000 soldiers with him at the time. Amidst the chaos, Sun Quan barely escaped capture with the aid of his general
960:), which served as a billet and storehouse for Zhang Liao's and Xiahou Dun's armies. Sun Quan faced two options: to build siege engines, or attack right away with foot soldiers. 860:, Sun Quan led an army to invade Hefei but was unsuccessful despite several months of progress. The following year, the local powers and two former subordinates of 1099:
was killed, Xu Sheng and Song Qian's were put to flight, with Xu Sheng injured until and Pan Zhang killed two of the fleeing men to rally them. During the battle
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Sun Quan hurried to the southern shore until he reached the crossing at Xiaoyao Ford, but the bridge had been destroyed, leaving a nearly 10 metre-long gap.
1122:, were not easy to breach. After several days, Sun Quan was still unable to take the city with a plague having hit the army, Sun Quan decided to withdraw. 1504: 300: 559: 525: 249: 1077: 265: 73: 552: 931:) as Administrator of Lujiang and garrisoned him at Wan County, promoting agriculture and bribing wealthy locals in Poyang ( 989: 485: 377: 293: 531: 1509: 387: 1118:
When Sun Quan's forces had all gathered, they launched an assault on the city. However, Hefei's defenses, prepared by
392: 882:) after the death of Liu Fu (whom they trusted), but the revolt was suppressed by Cao Cao's generals Zhang Liao and 20: 500: 286: 710: 635: 1477: 724: 649: 442: 843:, and had him build fortifications against besiegers. Liu Fu oversaw the construction of Hefei fortress ( 340: 1519: 462: 407: 362: 1056:
to support Lu Su at Yiyang. Taking advantage of the Liu-Sun conflict, Cao Cao led an army to attack
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In 213 Cao Cao brought with him a 400,000 strong army to attack Sun Quan's 70,000 men at Ruxukou (
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Long before Sun Quan solidified his control over southeastern China, Cao Cao had appointed
510: 490: 454: 278: 8: 1144: 1004: 814: 802: 352: 520: 478: 449: 1119: 836: 515: 470: 372: 357: 193: 162: 1048:). Lü Meng and Ling Tong took three commanderies by strategy and led their men with 1194: 747: 680: 466: 430: 422: 417: 412: 402: 177: 950:
Around June or July 214, Sun Quan took advantage of heavy rains and floods in the
805:. The two contending sides were fighting for control over a strategic fortress at 918: 914: 438: 397: 1488: 1156: 88: 75: 1499: 1494: 754: 687: 505: 434: 1244:(公遠征在外,比救至,彼破我必矣。是以教指及其未合逆擊之,折其盛勢,以安眾心,然後可守也。成敗之機,在此一戰,諸君何疑?) Chen Shou. 992: 1151:
blocked so, despite being armoured, waded through the water to safety.
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to lead 7,000 troops to enter Hefei fortress. Chen Lan's ally, Lei Bo (
810: 139: 961: 169: 1472: 1136: 1053: 1008: 1000: 981:), he received news of the fall of Wan County and withdrew to Hefei. 821:. This action raised Zhang Liao to primacy among Cao Cao's generals. 818: 224: 200: 185: 158: 1061: 1049: 965: 925:), which was situated south of Hefei. Cao Cao appointed Zhu Guang ( 861: 850: 798: 544: 189: 154: 127: 1016: 996: 985: 901: 891: 887: 883: 794: 147: 143: 122: 1100: 1030:) to resist Guan Yu, while he personally stationed at Lukou ( 1021: 922: 806: 67: 63: 59: 1036:) to serve as backup. Liu Bei also led his army to Gong'an ( 1189: 937:) to spy on Sun Quan's forces and harass the enemy's rear. 308: 813:. Towards the end of the campaign, Zhang Liao made use of 1351:(統復還戰,左右盡死,身亦被創,所殺數十人,度權已免,乃還。橋敗路絕,統被甲潛行。) Chen Shou. 16:
Battle between warlords Cao Cao and Sun Quan (214-215)
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region to sail up the Yangtze and attack Wan County (
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men's fighting spirits and reassured the defenders.
1486: 849:), stocked with boulders, logs, and reserves of 1308: 1306: 1397: 1188:The battle is featured as a playable stage in 1042:) and sent Guan Yu with 30,000 men to Yiyang ( 256: 1423: 1089: 1081: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1025: 976: 970: 955: 932: 926: 908: 895: 877: 871: 865: 844: 729: 715: 654: 640: 560: 294: 1303: 1131:forces out of Hefei for an all-out assault. 964:suggested the latter option and recommended 1449: 975:). By the time Zhang Liao reached Jiashi ( 809:, which was defended by Cao Cao's general 567: 553: 301: 287: 1505:Battles during the end of the Han dynasty 1270:(璋身次在後,便馳進,橫馬斬謙、盛兵走者二人,兵皆還戰。) Chen Shou. 1125: 1024:to lead 10,000 men to garrison at Baqiu ( 194: 163: 1231:(若孫權至者,張、李將軍出戰;樂將軍守護軍,勿得與戰。) Chen Shou. 945: 1487: 1257:(此国家大事,顾君计何如耳,吾可以私憾而忘公义乎!) Chen Shou. 1067: 1394:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao. 1381:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao. 1377:(太祖复征孙权,到合肥,循行辽战处,叹息者良久。) Chen Shou. 1287:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao. 1248:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao. 1235:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao. 1222:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao. 1183: 1011:to demand from Liu Bei the return of 548: 282: 1446:, Volume 55, Biography of Jiang Qin. 1433:, Volume 55, Biography of Pan Zhang. 1368:, Volume 55, Biography of Ling Tong. 1355:, Volume 55, Biography of Ling Tong. 1316:, Volume 55, Biography of Ling Tong. 1274:, Volume 55, Biography of Pan Zhang. 574: 216:7,000 soldiers inside Hefei fortress 1342:, Volume 47, Biography of Sun Quan. 1329:, Volume 55, Biography of Gan Ning. 1300:, Volume 55, Biography of Gan Ning. 1296:(會疫疾,軍旅皆已引出,唯車下虎士千餘人。). Chen Shou. 886:. Cao Cao then ordered Zhang Liao, 13: 1459:, Volume 55, Biography of Chen Wu. 1407:, Volume 18, Biography of Li Dian. 1261:, Volume 18, Biography of Li Dian. 900:), surrendered to another warlord 793:, was fought between the warlords 14: 1531: 1420:, Volume 17, Biography of Yue Jin 108:Cao Cao victory; Sun Quan retreat 1364:(公績,亡者己矣,苟使卿在,何患無人?) Chen Shou. 801:between 214 and 215 in the late 255: 248: 221:1,000 bodyguards under Sun Quan, 1436: 1410: 1384: 1371: 1358: 1345: 1332: 940: 1319: 1290: 1277: 1264: 1251: 1238: 1225: 1212: 1103:retrieved Xu Sheng's personal 1072:Before Cao Cao left to attack 760: 730: 716: 693: 655: 641: 1: 1478:Records of the Three Kingdoms 1466: 1076:, he left his representative 824: 1162: 7: 10: 1536: 1090:Battle around the fortress 828: 341:Campaign against Dong Zhuo 18: 1510:Military history of Anhui 1457:Records of Three Kingdoms 1444:Records of Three Kingdoms 1431:Records of Three Kingdoms 1418:Records of Three Kingdoms 1405:Records of Three Kingdoms 1392:Records of Three Kingdoms 1379:Records of Three Kingdoms 1366:Records of Three Kingdoms 1353:Records of Three Kingdoms 1340:Records of Three Kingdoms 1327:Records of Three Kingdoms 1314:Records of Three Kingdoms 1298:Records of Three Kingdoms 1285:Records of Three Kingdoms 1272:Records of Three Kingdoms 1259:Records of Three Kingdoms 1246:Records of Three Kingdoms 1233:Records of Three Kingdoms 1220:Records of Three Kingdoms 1082: 1044: 1038: 1032: 1026: 977: 971: 956: 933: 927: 909: 896: 878: 872: 866: 845: 771: 753: 746: 741: 737: 723: 709: 704: 686: 679: 674: 670: 662: 648: 634: 630: 625: 582: 321: 243: 230: 210: 133: 116: 41: 33: 28: 1205: 876:), rebelled in Lujiang ( 711:Traditional Chinese 636:Traditional Chinese 34:Part of the wars at the 1015:. Liu Bei refused, and 725:Simplified Chinese 650:Simplified Chinese 1126:Battle at Xiaoyao Ford 1107:(矛, a 5m long spear). 995:(covering present-day 864:and Liu Fu, Chen Lan ( 856:In late 208 after the 783:Battle of Leisure Ford 779:Battle of Xiaoyao Ford 666:Battle of Leisure Ford 626:Battle of Xiaoyao Ford 592:Xiaoyao Ford (214–215) 313:end of the Han dynasty 134:Commanders and leaders 89:31.86389°N 117.28083°E 36:end of the Han dynasty 29:Battle of Xiaoyao Ford 1200:Battle of Hefei (234) 1192:'s video game series 831:Battle of Hefei (208) 829:Further information: 393:Cao Cao vs. Zhang Xiu 269:Location within China 231:Casualties and losses 1283:(將軍棄我乎!) Chen Shou. 946:Battle of Wan County 858:Battle of Red Cliffs 839:as the Inspector of 781:, also known as the 612:Hefei Xincheng (253) 607:Hefei Xincheng (234) 602:Hefei Xincheng (233) 597:Hefei Xincheng (231) 266:class=notpageimage| 19:For other uses, see 1068:An unorthodox order 1007:, so Sun Quan sent 815:force concentration 803:Eastern Han dynasty 694:Xiāoyáojīn Zhī Zhàn 526:Jing Province (219) 501:Jing Province (215) 94:31.86389; 117.28083 85: /  1218:(賊至乃發) Chen Shou. 1184:In popular culture 984:Around this time, 1172:have caught him. 870:) and Mei Cheng ( 775: 774: 767: 766: 748:Standard Mandarin 700: 699: 681:Standard Mandarin 620: 619: 542: 541: 482: 446: 349: 310:Conflicts at the 277: 276: 112: 111: 1527: 1520:History of Hefei 1460: 1453: 1447: 1440: 1434: 1427: 1421: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1395: 1388: 1382: 1375: 1369: 1362: 1356: 1349: 1343: 1336: 1330: 1323: 1317: 1310: 1301: 1294: 1288: 1281: 1275: 1268: 1262: 1255: 1249: 1242: 1236: 1229: 1223: 1216: 1195:Dynasty Warriors 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267: 251: 242: 238: 235: 234: 229: 226: 218: 215: 214: 209: 206: 202: 197: 191: 187: 183: 181: 175: 171: 166: 160: 156: 151: 149: 145: 141: 138: 137: 132: 129: 126: 124: 121: 120: 115: 107: 104: 103: 98: 69: 65: 61: 56: 53: 52: 48: 45: 44: 40: 37: 32: 27: 22: 1476: 1456: 1451: 1443: 1438: 1430: 1425: 1417: 1412: 1404: 1399: 1391: 1386: 1378: 1373: 1365: 1360: 1352: 1347: 1339: 1334: 1326: 1321: 1313: 1297: 1292: 1284: 1279: 1271: 1266: 1258: 1253: 1245: 1240: 1232: 1227: 1219: 1214: 1193: 1187: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1153: 1149: 1142: 1133: 1129: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1093: 1071: 983: 949: 941:The campaign 906: 855: 834: 790: 786: 782: 778: 776: 755:Hanyu Pinyin 688:Hanyu Pinyin 591: 530: 506:Ba (215-216) 496:Xiaoyao Ford 495: 383:Yan Province 179: 117:Belligerents 1455:Chen Shou. 1442:Chen Shou. 1429:Chen Shou. 1416:Chen Shou. 1403:Chen Shou. 1390:Chen Shou. 1338:Chen Shou. 1325:Chen Shou. 1312:Chen Shou. 993:Yi Province 587:Hefei (208) 486:Yi Province 378:Xu Province 92: / 80:117°16′51″E 1489:Categories 1467:References 990:taken over 952:Huai River 825:Background 811:Zhang Liao 511:Ruxu (217) 491:Ruxu (213) 140:Zhang Liao 77:31°51′50″N 1473:Chen Shou 1163:Aftermath 1137:Ling Tong 1054:Pan Zhang 1009:Zhuge Jin 1005:Liu Zhang 1001:Chongqing 819:Ling Tong 463:Tong Pass 388:Jiangdong 363:Xiangyang 353:Yangcheng 225:Ling Tong 219:~100,000, 205:Song Qian 201:Pan Zhang 186:Jiang Qin 159:Ling Tong 1074:Zhang Lu 1062:Hanzhong 1058:Zhang Lu 1050:Sun Jiao 966:Gan Ning 862:Yuan Shu 851:fish oil 799:Sun Quan 521:Fancheng 516:Hanzhong 479:Yangping 475:Qi Mtns. 450:Jiangxia 408:Yuan Shu 368:Chang'an 346:Xingyang 211:Strength 190:Xu Sheng 155:Gan Ning 152:Sun Quan 128:Sun Quan 58:East of 54:Location 1097:Chen Wu 1017:Guan Yu 1003:) from 997:Sichuan 986:Liu Bei 962:Lü Meng 902:Liu Bei 892:Li Dian 888:Yue Jin 884:Zang Ba 795:Cao Cao 471:Lucheng 467:Jicheng 373:Fengqiu 358:Jieqiao 192: ( 180:† 174:Chen Wu 170:Lü Meng 161: ( 148:Yue Jin 144:Li Dian 123:Cao Cao 49:214–215 1120:Liu Fu 1078:Xue Ti 837:Liu Fu 789:, and 431:Liyang 423:Xiakou 418:Bowang 413:Guandu 403:Yijing 176:  105:Result 1206:Notes 1145:Gu Li 1101:He Qi 1022:Lu Su 923:Anhui 807:Hefei 656:逍遥津之战 642:逍遙津之戰 455:Chibi 439:Nanpi 398:Xiapi 239:1300+ 68:China 64:Anhui 60:Hefei 1190:Koei 1052:and 999:and 988:had 890:and 797:and 777:The 731:合肥之战 717:合肥之戰 236:700+ 46:Date 1500:215 1495:214 1105:mao 1060:of 910:濡須口 846:合肥城 195:WIA 164:WIA 1491:: 1475:. 1305:^ 1202:. 1083:薛悌 1045:益陽 1039:公安 1033:陸口 1027:巴丘 978:夾石 972:董和 957:皖縣 934:鄱陽 928:朱光 921:, 904:. 897:雷薄 879:盧江 873:梅成 867:陳蘭 853:. 785:, 477:* 473:* 469:* 465:* 441:* 437:* 435:Ye 433:* 66:, 62:, 1481:. 1080:( 969:( 568:e 561:t 554:v 535:→ 481:) 461:( 445:) 429:( 348:) 344:( 302:e 295:t 288:v 198:) 167:) 23:.

Index

Battle of Hefei
end of the Han dynasty
Hefei
Anhui
China
31°51′50″N 117°16′51″E / 31.86389°N 117.28083°E / 31.86389; 117.28083
Cao Cao
Sun Quan
Zhang Liao
Li Dian
Yue Jin
Gan Ning
Ling Tong
WIA
Lü Meng
Chen Wu

Jiang Qin
Xu Sheng
WIA
Pan Zhang
Song Qian
Ling Tong
Battle of Xiaoyao Ford is located in China
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v
t
e
end of the Han dynasty
Yellow Turbans

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