1086:) with a letter that read "Open when the enemy arrives" on the envelope. As Sun Quan's army was already advancing towards Hefei, the defending generals opened the letter, which stated: "When Sun Quan arrives, generals Zhang (Liao) and Li (Dian) will engage him; General Yue (Jin) will remain behind to defend and not go into battle." The generals were uncertain about the orders but Zhang Liao said, "Our lord is away at war. By the time his reinforcements reach here, we're already done for. So he is actually instructing us to take advantage of the situation, when the enemy has just arrived and not fully gathered yet, to attack them and devastate their morale so as to calm our men and strengthen our defences. Victory or defeat, it all depends on this battle. Why are the two of you still hesitating?" Li Dian was moved and he said, "This is a national crisis. We'll see how your strategy works out. How can I let my personal affairs take precedence over my official duties?" Zhang Liao then selected 800 "die-hard" soldiers overnight in preparation for the upcoming battle, and threw a banquet for his men.
250:
257:
1111:
force but Zhang Liao fought fiercely and succeeded in breaking out of the encirclement. When his remaining men, still trapped inside, shouted, "Has our general abandoned us?" Zhang Liao ploughed back through enemy ranks and rescued his men. Sun Quan's men were stunned by Zhang Liao's valour and did not dare to stand in his way.
1064:. Liu Bei was afraid that if Hanzhong fell to Cao Cao, Yi Province would be in peril as Hanzhong was the "gateway" to Yi Province. Hence, Liu Bei made peace with Sun Quan by dividing southern Jing Province. In return, Sun Quan promised to divert Cao Cao's attention from the west by attacking Hefei fortress.
1167:
During a banquet hosted by Sun Quan after the battle, He Qi wept and said, "My lord, as a leader of men, you should be prudent. Today we were almost wiped out and the men are in shock. I hope you will learn from this lesson." Sun Quan thanked He Qi for his advice and promised to remember it for life.
1114:
After the engagement, Pan Zhang was promoted to the rank of
Lieutenant General for his role in rallying the troops but the long morning's battle had crushed the morale of Sun Quan's troops. Zhang Liao brought his survivors back to the city and fortified his defences. Zhang Liao's victory boosted his
1110:
As Zhang Liao arrived at Sun Quan's standard, Sun Quan retreated at the high ground, defending himself with lance and Zhang Liao shouted for Sun Quan to come down and fight him, but Sun did not dare to move. When Sun Quan saw how few men Zhang Liao had and ordered his troops to surround the raiding
1150:
On the northern shore, Ling Tong gave all for his lord's cause, fighting until all his 300 men had died and the other units had retreated while he himself was badly wounded having killed tens of men. Knowing Sun Quan was safety away by this time, Ling Tong found the bridge was broken and the roads
1171:
When the battle was over, Zhang Liao asked a captive soldier, "Who was that purple-bearded, long-bodied, short-legged man so skilled in mounted archery?" The soldier replied it was Sun Quan. Zhang Liao then told Yue Jin that he regretted not chasing after this purple-bearded fighter, for he could
1175:
When the news reached Cao Cao, he could hardly believe what his officers had achieved, so he later travelled to
Xiaoyao Ford to scrutinize the battlefield. Zhang Liao was promoted to the rank of "General Conqueror of the East". Li Dian was granted 100 more households, for a total of 300. Yue Jin
1130:
Sun Quan decided to personally oversee the rearguard, numbering only about 1,000 and were the last to move. Zhang Liao launched an attack, when Sun Quan had the fewest troops with Sun Quan's rearguard cut off from the rest of the army at
Xiaoyao Ford when he, Li Dian, and Yue Jin led all their
1019:
also drove away the officials Sun Quan sent to three commanderies in southern Jing
Province. Sun Quan then withdrew his elite generals from the northern frontier and ordered Lü Meng and Ling Tong to lead 20,000 troops to take the three commanderies of Jing Province, while sending
968:
to lead the offensive. Upon knowing Sun Quan had arrived on the battlefield, Zhang Liao moved out of Hefei fortress to reinforce Wan County. However, Sun Quan's energetic troops took Wan County within a day, and Zhu Guang was captured along with his advisor Dong He
1154:
By that time, Sun Quan had already boarded a boat and been secured by He Qi's arrival with three thousand men, and he was pleased to see Ling Tong again but Ling Tong wept at the death of all his close aides. Sun Quan comforted him, saying, "Gongji (Ling Tong's
913:), but victory eluded him for more than a month, and he was forced on the defensive. After his repeated failures against the southerners, Cao Cao was worried that the various counties along the Yangtze River would be taken by Sun Quan, so he adopted a
1179:
On Sun Quan's side, Ling Tong and Pan Zhang were promoted to "Lieutenant
General" while Jiang Qin was appointed "General Vanquisher of Bandits". Sun Quan also attended Chen Wu's funeral and ordered Chen's favourite concubine to join him in death.
1176:
received 500 more taxable households, for a total of 1,200. Five hundred households were allotted to Yue Jin's son, who had also fought. Yue Jin's son also received the title of marquis, while the father was promoted to "General of the Right".
1147:, Sun Quan's bodyguard, told his master to sit tight, grab the reins firmly. Gu Li whipped the horse's flanks, and it made a mighty leap across to the southern side. Ling Tong turned back to hold off the enemy after seeing Sun Quan to safety.
1139:
and his personal companions of 300 men cut a way out for Sun Quan. As Sun Quan's side was in confusion and battle signals were not given, Gan Ning drummed the other units to action, while he personally shot arrows at the enemy.
1094:
The following morning, Zhang Liao led the 800 soldiers, as did Li Dian, on a raid. Zhang Liao personally killed tens of enemy soldiers and two officers, breaking through the barricades and shouting his name. In the chaos
1159:), let the dead go. As long as you live, why worry that you'll have no men under you?" Sun Quan later put Ling Tong in command of twice his previous force while He Qi rebuked Sun Quan for his recklessness in the battle.
1198:. In the games, the battle is known as both the "Battle of He Fei" and the "Battle of Hefei" (depending on the installment), and is not to be confused with another stage (Battle of Hefei Castle), which refers to the
1134:
When Sun Quan saw that the advancing attack, he realised his danger and hurriedly recalled his retreating units, but they could not return in time. As the 1,000 men of Sun Quan were engulfed by Zhang Liao's force,
917:
and started to form military communities, families of soldiers concentrated in fortified towns. The
Yangtze region became depopulated as residents were relocated except for Wan County (皖縣; present-day
817:
and launched a sneak counteroffensive on Sun Quan at
Leisure Ford, where Sun only had 1,000 soldiers with him at the time. Amidst the chaos, Sun Quan barely escaped capture with the aid of his general
960:), which served as a billet and storehouse for Zhang Liao's and Xiahou Dun's armies. Sun Quan faced two options: to build siege engines, or attack right away with foot soldiers.
860:, Sun Quan led an army to invade Hefei but was unsuccessful despite several months of progress. The following year, the local powers and two former subordinates of
1099:
was killed, Xu Sheng and Song Qian's were put to flight, with Xu Sheng injured until and Pan Zhang killed two of the fleeing men to rally them. During the battle
566:
1143:
Sun Quan hurried to the southern shore until he reached the crossing at
Xiaoyao Ford, but the bridge had been destroyed, leaving a nearly 10 metre-long gap.
1122:, were not easy to breach. After several days, Sun Quan was still unable to take the city with a plague having hit the army, Sun Quan decided to withdraw.
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249:
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931:) as Administrator of Lujiang and garrisoned him at Wan County, promoting agriculture and bribing wealthy locals in Poyang (
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293:
531:
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387:
1118:
When Sun Quan's forces had all gathered, they launched an assault on the city. However, Hefei's defenses, prepared by
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882:) after the death of Liu Fu (whom they trusted), but the revolt was suppressed by Cao Cao's generals Zhang Liao and
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635:
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843:, and had him build fortifications against besiegers. Liu Fu oversaw the construction of Hefei fortress (
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1519:
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1056:
to support Lu Su at Yiyang. Taking advantage of the Liu-Sun conflict, Cao Cao led an army to attack
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840:
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907:
In 213 Cao Cao brought with him a 400,000 strong army to attack Sun Quan's 70,000 men at
Ruxukou (
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Long before Sun Quan solidified his control over southeastern China, Cao Cao had appointed
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8:
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1119:
836:
515:
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193:
162:
1048:). Lü Meng and Ling Tong took three commanderies by strategy and led their men with
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680:
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Around June or July 214, Sun Quan took advantage of heavy rains and floods in the
805:. The two contending sides were fighting for control over a strategic fortress at
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438:
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88:
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1244:(公遠征在外,比救至,彼破我必矣。是以教指及其未合逆擊之,折其盛勢,以安眾心,然後可守也。成敗之機,在此一戰,諸君何疑?) Chen Shou.
992:
1151:
blocked so, despite being armoured, waded through the water to safety.
951:
894:
to lead 7,000 troops to enter Hefei fortress. Chen Lan's ally, Lei Bo (
810:
139:
961:
169:
1472:
1136:
1053:
1008:
1000:
981:), he received news of the fall of Wan County and withdrew to Hefei.
821:. This action raised Zhang Liao to primacy among Cao Cao's generals.
818:
224:
200:
185:
158:
1061:
1049:
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925:), which was situated south of Hefei. Cao Cao appointed Zhu Guang (
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1030:) to resist Guan Yu, while he personally stationed at Lukou (
1021:
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806:
67:
63:
59:
1036:) to serve as backup. Liu Bei also led his army to Gong'an (
1189:
937:) to spy on Sun Quan's forces and harass the enemy's rear.
308:
813:. Towards the end of the campaign, Zhang Liao made use of
1351:(統復還戰,左右盡死,身亦被創,所殺數十人,度權已免,乃還。橋敗路絕,統被甲潛行。) Chen Shou.
16:
Battle between warlords Cao Cao and Sun Quan (214-215)
954:
region to sail up the
Yangtze and attack Wan County (
759:
692:
1115:
men's fighting spirits and reassured the defenders.
1486:
849:), stocked with boulders, logs, and reserves of
1308:
1306:
1397:
1188:The battle is featured as a playable stage in
1042:) and sent Guan Yu with 30,000 men to Yiyang (
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294:
1303:
1131:forces out of Hefei for an all-out assault.
964:suggested the latter option and recommended
1449:
975:). By the time Zhang Liao reached Jiashi (
809:, which was defended by Cao Cao's general
567:
553:
301:
287:
1505:Battles during the end of the Han dynasty
1270:(璋身次在後,便馳進,橫馬斬謙、盛兵走者二人,兵皆還戰。) Chen Shou.
1125:
1024:to lead 10,000 men to garrison at Baqiu (
194:
163:
1231:(若孫權至者,張、李將軍出戰;樂將軍守護軍,勿得與戰。) Chen Shou.
945:
1487:
1257:(此国家大事,顾君计何如耳,吾可以私憾而忘公义乎!) Chen Shou.
1067:
1394:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao.
1381:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao.
1377:(太祖复征孙权,到合肥,循行辽战处,叹息者良久。) Chen Shou.
1287:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao.
1248:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao.
1235:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao.
1222:, Volume 17, Biography of Zhang Liao.
1183:
1011:to demand from Liu Bei the return of
548:
282:
1446:, Volume 55, Biography of Jiang Qin.
1433:, Volume 55, Biography of Pan Zhang.
1368:, Volume 55, Biography of Ling Tong.
1355:, Volume 55, Biography of Ling Tong.
1316:, Volume 55, Biography of Ling Tong.
1274:, Volume 55, Biography of Pan Zhang.
574:
216:7,000 soldiers inside Hefei fortress
1342:, Volume 47, Biography of Sun Quan.
1329:, Volume 55, Biography of Gan Ning.
1300:, Volume 55, Biography of Gan Ning.
1296:(會疫疾,軍旅皆已引出,唯車下虎士千餘人。). Chen Shou.
886:. Cao Cao then ordered Zhang Liao,
13:
1459:, Volume 55, Biography of Chen Wu.
1407:, Volume 18, Biography of Li Dian.
1261:, Volume 18, Biography of Li Dian.
900:), surrendered to another warlord
793:, was fought between the warlords
14:
1531:
1420:, Volume 17, Biography of Yue Jin
108:Cao Cao victory; Sun Quan retreat
1364:(公績,亡者己矣,苟使卿在,何患無人?) Chen Shou.
801:between 214 and 215 in the late
255:
248:
221:1,000 bodyguards under Sun Quan,
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1371:
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1345:
1332:
940:
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1103:retrieved Xu Sheng's personal
1072:Before Cao Cao left to attack
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1:
1478:Records of the Three Kingdoms
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1076:, he left his representative
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1090:Battle around the fortress
828:
341:Campaign against Dong Zhuo
18:
1510:Military history of Anhui
1457:Records of Three Kingdoms
1444:Records of Three Kingdoms
1431:Records of Three Kingdoms
1418:Records of Three Kingdoms
1405:Records of Three Kingdoms
1392:Records of Three Kingdoms
1379:Records of Three Kingdoms
1366:Records of Three Kingdoms
1353:Records of Three Kingdoms
1340:Records of Three Kingdoms
1327:Records of Three Kingdoms
1314:Records of Three Kingdoms
1298:Records of Three Kingdoms
1285:Records of Three Kingdoms
1272:Records of Three Kingdoms
1259:Records of Three Kingdoms
1246:Records of Three Kingdoms
1233:Records of Three Kingdoms
1220:Records of Three Kingdoms
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876:), rebelled in Lujiang (
711:Traditional Chinese
636:Traditional Chinese
34:Part of the wars at the
1015:. Liu Bei refused, and
725:Simplified Chinese
650:Simplified Chinese
1126:Battle at Xiaoyao Ford
1107:(矛, a 5m long spear).
995:(covering present-day
864:and Liu Fu, Chen Lan (
856:In late 208 after the
783:Battle of Leisure Ford
779:Battle of Xiaoyao Ford
666:Battle of Leisure Ford
626:Battle of Xiaoyao Ford
592:Xiaoyao Ford (214–215)
313:end of the Han dynasty
134:Commanders and leaders
89:31.86389°N 117.28083°E
36:end of the Han dynasty
29:Battle of Xiaoyao Ford
1200:Battle of Hefei (234)
1192:'s video game series
831:Battle of Hefei (208)
829:Further information:
393:Cao Cao vs. Zhang Xiu
269:Location within China
231:Casualties and losses
1283:(將軍棄我乎!) Chen Shou.
946:Battle of Wan County
858:Battle of Red Cliffs
839:as the Inspector of
781:, also known as the
612:Hefei Xincheng (253)
607:Hefei Xincheng (234)
602:Hefei Xincheng (233)
597:Hefei Xincheng (231)
266:class=notpageimage|
19:For other uses, see
1068:An unorthodox order
1007:, so Sun Quan sent
815:force concentration
803:Eastern Han dynasty
694:Xiāoyáojīn Zhī Zhàn
526:Jing Province (219)
501:Jing Province (215)
94:31.86389; 117.28083
85: /
1218:(賊至乃發) Chen Shou.
1184:In popular culture
984:Around this time,
1172:have caught him.
870:) and Mei Cheng (
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1169:
1160:
1158:
1157:courtesy name
1152:
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1138:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
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1098:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:Jing Province
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
982:
967:
963:
953:
938:
924:
920:
916:
905:
903:
893:
889:
885:
863:
859:
854:
852:
842:
841:Yang Province
838:
832:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
770:
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749:
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736:
728:
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722:
714:
712:
708:
703:
691:
689:
685:
682:
678:
673:
669:
665:
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653:
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633:
629:
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613:
610:
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584:
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558:
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547:
534:
533:
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514:
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468:
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458:
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347:
342:
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334:
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329:
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292:
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285:
284:
281:
267:
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209:
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197:
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175:
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145:
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138:
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132:
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115:
107:
104:
103:
98:
69:
65:
61:
56:
53:
52:
48:
45:
44:
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1476:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1093:
1071:
983:
949:
941:The campaign
906:
855:
834:
790:
786:
782:
778:
776:
755:Hanyu Pinyin
688:Hanyu Pinyin
591:
530:
506:Ba (215-216)
496:Xiaoyao Ford
495:
383:Yan Province
179:
117:Belligerents
1455:Chen Shou.
1442:Chen Shou.
1429:Chen Shou.
1416:Chen Shou.
1403:Chen Shou.
1390:Chen Shou.
1338:Chen Shou.
1325:Chen Shou.
1312:Chen Shou.
993:Yi Province
587:Hefei (208)
486:Yi Province
378:Xu Province
92: /
80:117°16′51″E
1489:Categories
1467:References
990:taken over
952:Huai River
825:Background
811:Zhang Liao
511:Ruxu (217)
491:Ruxu (213)
140:Zhang Liao
77:31°51′50″N
1473:Chen Shou
1163:Aftermath
1137:Ling Tong
1054:Pan Zhang
1009:Zhuge Jin
1005:Liu Zhang
1001:Chongqing
819:Ling Tong
463:Tong Pass
388:Jiangdong
363:Xiangyang
353:Yangcheng
225:Ling Tong
219:~100,000,
205:Song Qian
201:Pan Zhang
186:Jiang Qin
159:Ling Tong
1074:Zhang Lu
1062:Hanzhong
1058:Zhang Lu
1050:Sun Jiao
966:Gan Ning
862:Yuan Shu
851:fish oil
799:Sun Quan
521:Fancheng
516:Hanzhong
479:Yangping
475:Qi Mtns.
450:Jiangxia
408:Yuan Shu
368:Chang'an
346:Xingyang
211:Strength
190:Xu Sheng
155:Gan Ning
152:Sun Quan
128:Sun Quan
58:East of
54:Location
1097:Chen Wu
1017:Guan Yu
1003:) from
997:Sichuan
986:Liu Bei
962:Lü Meng
902:Liu Bei
892:Li Dian
888:Yue Jin
884:Zang Ba
795:Cao Cao
471:Lucheng
467:Jicheng
373:Fengqiu
358:Jieqiao
192: (
180:†
174:Chen Wu
170:Lü Meng
161: (
148:Yue Jin
144:Li Dian
123:Cao Cao
49:214–215
1120:Liu Fu
1078:Xue Ti
837:Liu Fu
789:, and
431:Liyang
423:Xiakou
418:Bowang
413:Guandu
403:Yijing
176:
105:Result
1206:Notes
1145:Gu Li
1101:He Qi
1022:Lu Su
923:Anhui
807:Hefei
656:逍遥津之战
642:逍遙津之戰
455:Chibi
439:Nanpi
398:Xiapi
239:1300+
68:China
64:Anhui
60:Hefei
1190:Koei
1052:and
999:and
988:had
890:and
797:and
777:The
731:合肥之战
717:合肥之戰
236:700+
46:Date
1500:215
1495:214
1105:mao
1060:of
910:濡須口
846:合肥城
195:WIA
164:WIA
1491::
1475:.
1305:^
1202:.
1083:薛悌
1045:益陽
1039:公安
1033:陸口
1027:巴丘
978:夾石
972:董和
957:皖縣
934:鄱陽
928:朱光
921:,
904:.
897:雷薄
879:盧江
873:梅成
867:陳蘭
853:.
785:,
477:*
473:*
469:*
465:*
441:*
437:*
435:Ye
433:*
66:,
62:,
1481:.
1080:(
969:(
568:e
561:t
554:v
535:→
481:)
461:(
445:)
429:(
348:)
344:(
302:e
295:t
288:v
198:)
167:)
23:.
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