1651:, pp. 330–331: "Confused by the Polish date for Adalbert's translation, but unable to reconcile it with the early date of 20 October, Dąbrowski mistakenly maintains that the letter was written in December, after the battle of Zlatitsa. He bases this off of the date given in Bachmann, in which the date is given as "tercia die festo beati Luce ewangeliste nunc preteriti," which would seem to support the date of October 20th. Yet there is a simple explanation for this. As mentioned above, the feast day St. Adalbert's translation differed locally in both Poland (20 October) and Hungary (6 November). The copyist, almost certainly Polish, calculated the date in question based on the Polish date for Adalbert's translation, i.e. 20 October, and not the Hungarian one which would have been used by Wladislas' royal chancellery. In order to rid future readers of the same ambiguity he had encountered, he changed the date to one that would have been universally understood, that is, he used the feast of St. Luke (18 October) as the reference date, which was identical throughout Christendom. Dąbrowski seems to have overlooked this rather simple explanation and instead maintained that there was an error in Bachmann and the feast day should be "Lucie," not "Luce," which gives the letter the same date as Hunyadi's dispatch from January 6. But January 6 makes no sense given the text. There is no mention in the letter of the battles of Zlatitsa or Kunovitsa, all of which had taken place by January 6 and which were described in Hunyadi's letter. The letter does, however, mention Balaban Pasha and Isa Bey, both of whom fought and were captured at Nish (see Hunyadi's letters and the Gazavât). Dąbrowski cites as a second point of evidence that Wladislas was headed off to Edirne, as he would have after Zlatitsa (more on this below). Therefore, in his reckoning, this letter must refer to that battle. This is a bit of circular reasoning, for the letter itself is his evidence that they pushed on after Zlatitsa, and the date of the letter is for him proven by the fact that they pushed on after Zlatitsa. What seems most problematic for Dąbrowski is that the king mentions in the letter a battle at Sophia, which by no account took place after Zlatitsa. Instead, the crusaders arrived at Sophia after the earlier battle of Nish. Yet in his letter Wladislas does not write that the battle took place "at" Sophia, but "near" Sophia, "conflictus idem prope civitatem Zofia." This makes sense if the letter was, as I believe, simply a piece of propaganda for his subjects in far-away Hungary and Poland regarding Hunyadi's victories at Nish and Aleksinac. Neither of these Bulgarian cities would have been immediately recognizable to Europeans by name. Instead it would make sense to mention the well-known city of Sophia. It is much easier to accept this, i.e. that the battle referred to is that of Nish/Aleksinac, than maintain that the battle referred to in the letter is Zlatitsa, and that the king continued on from that battle further into the Ottoman heartland (again, see below). Indeed, this letter is the basis for the biggest error Dąbrowski commits in his study of the Long March. Based on Wladislas' words in this letter "procedere disposuimus versus civitatem Andrinopolim," and believing that the battle described in the letter is the Battle of Zlatitsa, he assumes the Christians drove the Turks away at Zlatitsa and were able to proceed a bit farther on. This was not at all the case, as multiple sources both Ottoman and otherwise confirm. The Christian advance was decisively halted by the Ottomans at Zlatitsa and they were forced to turn back. The details that the letter mentions instead entirely reflect the Battle of Nish. Facts mentioned in the letter, for example that the battle began around noon and lasted for a long time, that Balaban Pasha was captured, and that the men were now ready to head on to Edirne all agree with Hunyadi and Cesarini's letters after the Battle of Nish/Aleksinac. Thus, there can be little doubt that the king is referring in this letter to the battles of Nish/Aleksinac, and that it's date is Nov. 6th."
1715:
at a place called
Melstica, presumably south of Sofia. The time apparently came for the wagenburg to assume its proper role: turning back after a rapid assault against the enemy lines, Hunyadi tried to lure the Ottomans into the death-trap constituted by the firearms installed on the wagons. Again, if the narrative of the best-informed Ottoman chronicler can be trusted, the sultan himself failed to realize the Christians' goal, but Turahan Bey revealed to him the "treachery and deceitfulness" of the enemy. Although the author likens the Ottoman soldiers attacking the wagenburg to "lions that have tasted blood," and tells how, before retreating into the wagenburg, Hunyadi's men "began to fell like autumn leaves, the encounter at Melstica was probably not a major one. Hunyadi himself, who, speaking about the battle around Niš before, and that of Kunovitsa later on, offers valuable details both about the opposing Ottoman forces and the circumstances of the encounter, keeps relative silence when it comes to Melstica. His laconic account is all the more interesting since, unlike in the other two battles, the Ottoman emperor was present in the fighting on 24 December. In the last week of December, the Christian army continued its westward march, and, passing through the Dragoman Pass, arrived in the region of Pirot at the very end of 1443. Sultan Murad had gone back to Sofia after the indecisive encounter of 24 December, entrusting the task of pursuing the enemy to Kasim Pasha and Turahan Bey, as well as Mahmud Chelebi, brother of Grand Vezir Halil Pasha, who led some Anatolian troops..."
1897:
names the place of the action as
Kunovica. It was probably, above all, this success that created the illusion that the war of the Zlatitsa Pass had been a Christian triumph. In reality, it had been a disaster. In his account of the Hungarian army's retreat, Długosz describes 'the greater part of the King's army falling in heaps, overcome by hunger, and some soldiers marching with their bodies tottering hither and thither... most of them in truth so exhausted that you would think them to be ghosts devoid of flesh rather than men. His description echoes precisely the account of the army's return in The Holy Wars of Sultan Murad. However, the appearance of the captured standards in the Church of the Blessed Virgin in Buda reinforced the illusion of victory. It was an illusion that the King and, especially, Cesarini were anxious to maintain. Jehan de Wavrin reports that, after the battle, Cesarini was to go to the Pope, and in every place that he went through, he was to announce the great victories that he and the King had won against the Turks. However, he was to keep quiet about the losses that the Christians had suffered in the mountains, contradicting anyone who said anything about them''
1494:
Hunyadi opted for the
Zlatitsa Pass, probably still hoping that he would be able to overcome the Ottomans by a swift and unexpected move... By the time the Christians reached the Zlatitsa Pass sometime in the middle of December, it had also been blocked, and was guarded by Murad in person. The pass was obstructed with both stone and felled trees... After the rumours about the sultan's flight, this situation may have come as a surprise to many in the Christian army. Nevertheless, on 12 December, using artillery and trusting in the superior armour of his troops, Hunyadi tried to break through the pass. His efforts proved futile, however, and the voevode himself almost fell into Ottoman hands. Then it was decided that the king and part of the army, together with the wagons, should withdraw from the pass, with Hunyadi and his troops covering the retreat. It may have been a last-ditch effort to trick the Ottomans out of their well-defended positions. If so, the plan almost worked, for -according to the Anonymous- it was once again the notorious Turahan upon whose advice Murad cancelled a potentially self-destructive assault on the newly-established Christian wagenburg outside the pass''
37:
1727:, p. 350: "With the Ottomans unwilling to assault the tabor the battle at Melshtitsa proved indecisive. The crusader army continued home, marching through the Dragoman pass into the plain of Pirot. Meanwhile Murad had dispatched a force of cavalry to pursue the crusaders; he himself went back to Sophia. The pursuit force was composed of Kasım Pasha and the men under his standard, Turahan Bey with the "Army of Thessaly," and Mahmud Chelebi with seven banners of recently arrived troops from Anatolia."
1353:''They then moved on and captured Sofija... It should be stressed, however, that the crusaders' victories were against the armies assigned to garrison the towns and fortresses along this route. They had not yet seen the major Ottoman army... As they withdrew the Ottoman troops burned the environs of Sofija and the lands along the route east, to hinder the crusaders in finding provisions.''
1633:
invaders' passage. The tactic was successful, and made more so by the onset of bitterly cold weather. At the battle of the
Zlatitsa Pass, fought in the snow immediately before Christmas 1443, the Hungarians suffered their first - and crucial defeat. It was the wagenburg defence that saved their retreating army from destruction
936:
had been obstructed with large boulders and cut trees to make any attack by the crusaders difficult. At
Zlatitsa, the crusaders met a major and well-fortified Ottoman army for the first time, as they had only clashed against local garrisons and hastily mobilized irregular troops along their route towards
1714:
Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). p. 118 "The retreat was an inverse reflection of the outward march, with
Hunyadi now providing the rearguard for the royal army marching in front. The Christian forces were closely followed by the Ottomans, commanded by Murad in person, and on 24 December a battle took place
1460:
The
Ottoman Anonymous, openly hostile to Turahan Bey, blames the latter for convincing the sultan to burn Sofia and retreat... At the very end of November, the Christian army accordingly reached Sofia. From there, Hunyadi informed the Saxon towns of Transylvania on 3 December that the sultan had fled
935:
Hunyadi opted for the less popular and more difficult route to Edirne through
Zlatitsa, hoping to overcome the Ottomans with an unexpected maneuver. However by the time the crusaders had left Sofia the pass had already been blocked by the Turks, the troops guarding it led by Murad in person. The pass
1632:
The
Ottoman tactic was to use scorched earth to wear down the Hungarians and then to encounter them in the mountain passes beyond Sofia, where Ottoman inferiority in numbers would not be such a disadvantage. To this end, the Sultan ordered the inhabitants in the mountains to fell trees to impede the
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and
Turakhan Beg under the command of Murad. After the earlier rumors of the sultan's flight, the situation likely came as a surprise to many in the Christian army. Nevertheless, on the twelfth of December Hunyadi tried to break through the pass, using artillery and trusting in the superior armor of
1585:
Oruç: "Sultan Murad Hana haber oldu, Sultan Murad Han Edirne'den çıkup Rumeli çerisiyle ve azepleriyle ve yeniçerisiyle ve kapuhalkıyle kışın zemherirde İzladi Derbendi'nde kâfirle buluşup cenk edüp kâfirleri Derbend'den gerisine döndürüp..., Anonim: Hemen aynı... Hulâsa, Gazavat'ın İzladi ve Varna
1493:
Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). p. 116, ''it led through the pass known as Trajan's Gate. The other, which was even more difficult to pass so late in the season, crossed the mountains in a north-south direction at Zlatitsa... instead of choosing the most commonly used route leading through Trajan's Gate,
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stating that after the campaign, Cesarini was to go to the Pope, and in every place he went through, announce the great victories he and the King had won against the Turks, while keeping quiet about the losses suffered in the mountains, contradicting anyone who said anything about them. Similarly,
1884:
In reality, it had been a disaster. In his account of the Hungarian army's retreat, Długosz describes 'the greater part of the King's army falling in heaps, overcome by hunger, and some soldiers marching with their bodies tottering hither and thither... most of them in truth so exhausted that you
1102:
In reality, it had been a disaster. In his account of the Hungarian army's retreat, Długosz describes 'the greater part of the King's army falling in heaps, overcome by hunger, and some soldiers marching with their bodies tottering hither and thither... most of them in truth so exhausted that you
985:
As the Christians marched home, the Ottoman forces closely followed the retreating army. After an indecisive clash on the 24th of December near Melstica, the Sultan entrusted the task of pursuing the enemy to Kasım Pasha and Turakhan Beg and went back to the recently recaptured Sofia. Soon after
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and was put in charge of military operations against the Ottomans. Władysław recognized Hunyadi's merits by granting him estates in Eastern Hungary. Hunyadi soon showed and displayed extraordinary capacity in marshaling its defenses with the limited resources at his disposal. He was victorious in
1896:
Imber, Colin (2006). The Crusade of Varna 1443-145, ''On the return march, however, Hunyadi was able to secure another victory, when he ambushed a pursuing force in the Dragoman Pass, taking prisoner Mahmud Bey, the son-in-law of the Sultan and brother of the Grand Vizier. Constantine Mihailović
965:
defense that saved the retreating army from destruction at Ottoman hands. Hunyadi and his troops covered the retreat, and there may have been one last attempt to lure the Ottomans out of their well-defended positions. If so, the plan almost worked, as the Ottomans were planning on attacking the
1503:
Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). p. 113 "The one and only pitched battle of the entire campaign took place somewhere between Nish and Krusevac on 3 November... shows clearly that the majority of the Ottoman forces taking part in the encounter must have been hastily-mobilized irregular
926:
had ''fled towards the sea'' and that he would in the Edirne within six or eight days. As it appeared later, the sultan had opted to block the two mountain passes leading to Edirne, one being an ancient Roman road named Trajan's Gate and another route named Zlatitsa Pass.
1781:
p. 549 "But along the route, at Zlatica, they met a strong and well-placed Ottoman defense force. After a period of facing each other, including it seems a couple of skirmishes (about which our few sources contradict one another on details and outcome), the crusaders
1032:. Polish historian Jan Dąbrowski, on the other hand, argues that the Christians were able to successfully drive the Turks away at Zlatitsa and proceeded farther on before retreating. His claim, however, is criticized by researcher John Jefferson in his book
1009:
There is some debate amongst historians as to the details and the outcome of the battle, as various sources give contradictory accounts. Historian Colin Imber argues that the battle was disastrous for the Christian forces, arguing the victory at the later
922:. Turakhan Bey convinced Murad to burn down Sofia and retreat to the Bulgarian mountains. Towards the end of November, the crusaders entered Sofia. Following the capture of the city, Hunyadi reported to the Saxon towns of Transylvania the
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crusaders who were retreating before Turakhan Beg advised Murad against the potentially self-destructive offensive on the newly established wagon forts the Christians had formed outside of the pass, leading the Sultan to cancel the plan.
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created the illusion that the clash at Zlatitsa had been a Christian triumph. Further stating that ''the illusion of victory'' was one Władysław and especially Cesarini were ''anxious'' to maintain, pointing out the reports from
553:
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to hinder the crusaders in finding provisions. The Ottoman sources explain the Ottoman defeat by a lack of cooperation between the Ottoman armies led by different commanders. The Ottoman Sultan
1315:
The combined host met Ottoman forces first on November 3, 1443, between Bolvan and the city of Niš. Here Kasim Bey, then governor of Rumelia, Ishak Bey and other standard bearers were defeated.
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827:. In the year of 1442, John Hunyadi won four victories against the Ottomans, two of which were decisive. In March 1442, Hunyadi defeated Mezid Bey and the raiding Ottoman army at the
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were able to successfully stop the offensive of the crusaders. Hunyadi himself almost fell into Ottoman hands, and the decision was made to withdraw from the pass. It was only the
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After the Battle of Zlatica and the subsequent retreat of the crusaders, the battlefield and surrounding regions were completely destroyed. Serbia was devastated while
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1036:, who argues that Dąbrowski had confused the battles of Nish and Zlatitsa in his work, with Jefferson too agreeing on the Christian advance being halted at Zlatitsa.
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would think them to be ghosts devoid of flesh rather than men. His description echoes precisely the account of the army's return in The Holy Wars of Sultan Murad.
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would think them to be ghosts devoid of flesh rather than men. His description echoes precisely the account of the army's return in The Holy Wars of Sultan Murad.
850:. This was the first time that a European army defeated such a large Ottoman force, composed not only of raiders, but of the provincial cavalry led by their own
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Zbornik radova sa naučnih skupova u Negotinu i Kladovu povodom obeležavanja 170 godina od pogibije Hajduk-Veljka Petrovića i 150 godina oslobođenja od Turaka
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The Ottoman sources in general emphasize the disagreement and lack of cooperation between frontier Ottoman forces under Turakhan and sipahi army under Kasim
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Mustafa Serdar Palabiyik (2012). "The Changing Ottoman Perception of War: From the Foundation of the Empire to its Disintegration". In Avery Plaw (ed.).
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906:. After the Ottoman defeat, the retreating forces of Kasim Pasha and Turakhan Beg burned all of the villages between Niš and
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was destroyed and burnt, turned into a "black field" with its surrounding villages being turned into "black charcoal". Only
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savaşları hakkında elimizdeki Osmanlı kaynakları arasında en tafsilâtlı bir kaynak olduğuna şimdilik hükmedebiliriz.
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the most important battle of the whole campaign took place at Bolvani, in the plain of Nish on November 3, 1443
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and were prime motivators for him to undertake along with King Władysław the famous expedition known as the "
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his army. The crusaders intended to continue their advance toward Adrianople through the forests of
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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest,
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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
858:. These victories made Hunyadi a prominent enemy of the Ottomans and a renowned figure throughout
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1461:"towards the sea," and he was about to follow him and would be in Edirne within six or eight days
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in Transylvania, where he annihilated an Ottoman force and recovered for Hungary suzerainty over
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The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438–1444
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after forcing the pass. The attempt proved futile, however, and the Ottoman forces made up of
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to return home in February 1444, but not before he had utterly broken the Sultan's power in
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In the course of their flight Kasim and Turahan burned all villages between Niš and Sofia.
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so far. The severely cold weather favored the position of the Ottoman defenders, led by
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1913:. Izd. Međuopštinska konferencija SSRN Zaječar, Balkanološki institut SANU. p. 35.
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5876:
5803:
5758:
5738:
5723:
5682:
5637:
5602:
5483:
5309:
5212:
4999:
4961:
4824:
4809:
4603:
4435:
4401:
4297:
4244:
4082:
4048:
4015:
3724:
3708:
3676:
3518:
3500:
3479:
3322:
3291:
3043:
2966:
2919:
2877:
2790:
2766:
2755:
2722:
2571:
2526:
2502:
2468:
2060:
2053:
2032:
2025:
1990:
1873:
1834:
1823:
1752:
1676:
1620:
1557:
1524:
1449:
1418:
1408:
1380:
1370:
1342:
1304:
1262:
1162:
1129:
1115:
1091:
1059:
871:
677:
597:
592:
110:
6098:
3009:
6093:
5981:
5971:
5956:
5951:
5896:
5808:
5733:
5572:
5556:
5525:
5505:
5466:
5369:
5359:
5349:
5339:
5278:
5184:
5173:
5044:
5037:
4981:
4719:
4575:
4350:
4340:
4112:
4039:
3857:
3753:
3391:
3385:
3229:
3162:
2897:
2605:
2382:
2370:
2344:
2331:
2314:
2149:
2129:
2112:
2096:
1997:
1119:
1055:
755:
743:
727:
647:
617:
457:
384:
353:
221:
68:
36:
28:
5582:
6133:
5926:
5849:
5838:
5753:
5632:
5478:
5381:
5093:
4618:
4570:
4460:
4218:
4027:
3805:
3790:
3775:
3671:
3610:
3605:
3565:
3505:
3449:
3397:
3270:
3265:
3020:
3002:
2924:
2813:
2749:
2667:
2552:
2309:
2218:
2190:
2079:
1908:
1602:''İzladi Geçidi'nde karşılaşan Osmanlı kuvvetleri burada Haçlıları durdurmuştur''
1518:
1336:
1123:
1029:
875:
771:
607:
408:
250:
143:
531:
6011:
5931:
5916:
5891:
5627:
5597:
5500:
5364:
4628:
4534:
4520:
3681:
3575:
3530:
2687:
2360:
1954:
1600:
General Overview on the Correspondence Incident between Murad II and Mehmed II,
1547:
1152:
1016:
759:
719:
119:
72:
6254:
6016:
5677:
5495:
5284:
4202:
3647:
2489:
2355:
1422:
1384:
1021:
863:
6190:
5708:
5667:
5424:
995:
899:
870:
being the first major clash of this expedition. Hunyadi was accompanied by
836:
799:
767:
156:
135:
114:
4317:
1446:
From Nicopolis to Mohács, A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare 1389-1526
1158:
A History of the Crusades, Volume VI: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe
986:
this, the crusaders ambushed and defeated a pursuing Turkish force in the
6213:
5250:
5164:
4409:
3896:
946:
941:
887:
859:
775:
261:
152:
41:
958:
5545:
5540:
4593:
1407:, Aldershot ; Burlington (Vt.) : Ashgate, cop., p. 270,
991:
962:
915:
851:
820:
1369:, Aldershot ; Burlington (Vt.) : Ashgate, cop., p. 16,
1206:...finally defeated Hunyadi at the Battle of Zlatica (İzladi) in 1443
950:
891:
879:
855:
840:
824:
812:
874:
during the campaign. The battle took place in the plain between the
802:
became the trusted adviser and most highly regarded soldier of King
911:
903:
816:
807:
783:
763:
751:
731:
189:
148:
76:
64:
1341:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 548.
1273:
John Hunyadi accompanied by the cardinal-legate Giuliano Cesarini.
1161:. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 270.
6233:
6223:
6218:
895:
847:
787:
723:
6203:
4163:
1949:
1051:
937:
923:
919:
779:
883:
839:. In September 1442, Hunyadi defeated a large Ottoman army of
975:
907:
806:. Hunyadi was rewarded with the captaincy of the fortress of
181:
Heavy casualties during the battle and the subsequent retreat
6228:
1236:
1224:
954:
1701:. Plantagenet Publishing. p. 1728. GGKEY:G636GD76LW7.
1791:
1278:
1212:
3887:
1155:; Hazard, Harry W.; Zacour, Norman P., eds. (1989).
5330:
Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)
1108:
6119:December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush
1822:
1796:. New York, United States of America. p. 129.
1151:
1147:
1145:
6074:Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)
1698:The Cambridge Medieval History Series volumes 1-5
561:
6252:
1820:
1290:
1114:
1034:The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad
6129:July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes
6084:April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush
1542:
1540:
1507:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1142:
914:, who had been occupied with a war against the
886:on 3 November 1443. Ottoman forces were led by
1900:
1829:. New York, United States of America. p.
1654:
994:, son-in-law of the Sultan and brother of the
854:(governors) and accompanied by the formidable
6079:Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)
3873:
1935:
547:
277:
205:
6271:Battles involving Hungary in the Middle Ages
5405:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1537:
1320:
1024:argues that the anonymous Ottoman chronicle
6286:Battles involving Serbia in the Middle Ages
6189:
6028:NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina
3827:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
1583:Yeni bulunuş bir Gazavat-ı Sultan Murad. ''
1513:
718:was fought on 12 December 1443 between the
16:15th-century battle in present-day Bulgaria
3880:
3866:
1942:
1928:
1906:
1853:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1806:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1661:Boyar, Ebru; Fleet, Kate (15 April 2010).
1660:
1556:. Princeton University Press. p. 25.
1448:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 114.
1443:
1303:, Princeton University Press, p. 25,
1261:, Princeton University Press, p. 25,
554:
540:
291:
284:
270:
212:
198:
5452:June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina
1724:
1648:
1284:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1045:
1546:
1296:
1254:
722:and Serbian and Hungarian troops in the
1523:. Hase und Koehler Verlag. p. 16.
6253:
6163:Dubrava Prison bombings and executions
4313:Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia
4134:Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1454–1455)
4109:Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1439–1444)
3836:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
1489:
4308:Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde
4259:Serbian invasion of Macedonia led by
3861:
3822:For 20th-century battles before 1914
1923:
1867:
1736:
1710:
1708:
1644:
1642:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1400:
1362:
1085:
1026:Gazavât-ı Sultan Murad bin Mehmet Han
1004:
535:
265:
193:
6261:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
1664:A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul
1331:
1183:
1181:
219:
6276:Battles of the Ottoman–Serbian Wars
5410:Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)
4952:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)
4947:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862)
4932:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853)
4293:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)
4250:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)
4234:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)
3831:For the battles during World War I
13:
4149:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1456
4106:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1438
4098:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1437
4095:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1427
4092:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1425
1705:
1639:
1605:
1570:
1466:
1432:
14:
6322:
5729:1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia
4322:Hungarian–Serbian War (1321-1324)
4162:Ottoman invasion and conquest of
3924:Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924
1553:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
1300:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
1258:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
1178:
6145:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley
5779:Battle of the Dalmatian Channels
5051:Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862)
5032:Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
4336:Serbian nobility conflict (1369)
4267:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
4255:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
3889:Wars and battles involving Serbs
35:
6311:Battles of the Crusade of Varna
4471:Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)
4416:Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528
3929:Bulgarian–Serbian border revolt
1890:
1861:
1814:
1785:
1771:
1747:. Ashgate Publishing. pp.
1730:
1718:
1689:
1592:
1497:
1394:
1356:
982:gained from the 1443 campaign.
5814:Battle of the Miljevci Plateau
5290:Battle of the Crna Bend (1916)
5005:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814
4511:Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
4476:Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)
1248:
1079:
1:
5653:Operation Rösselsprung (1944)
5578:Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive
5447:Uprising in Montenegro (1941)
5062:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
4652:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
4561:Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion
4486:Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)
4466:Rákóczi's War of Independence
4283:Hungarian invasions of Europe
1870:The Crusade of Varna 1443-145
1777:Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994).
1744:The Crusade of Varna, 1443-45
1617:The Crusade of Varna, 1443-45
1404:The Crusade of Varna, 1443-45
1366:The Crusade of Varna, 1443-45
1088:The Crusade of Varna 1443-145
1073:
846:, the Provincial Governor of
793:
5021:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
4967:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
4647:War of the Polish Succession
3959:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330)
3954:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291)
3949:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290)
3944:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203)
3939:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202)
1907:Blagojević, Božidar (1984).
969:
7:
5673:Stratsin-Kumanovo operation
5623:Operation Southeast Croatia
4208:Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje
1125:Chronology of World History
730:. The battle was fought at
10:
6327:
6296:1443 in the Ottoman Empire
6157:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
6049:Operation Maritime Monitor
6044:Operation Deliberate Force
5774:Siege of Bjelovar Barracks
5769:Siege of Varaždin Barracks
5663:Operation Spring Awakening
5536:Capture of Banja Koviljača
5205:Siege of Odrin (1912–1913)
4566:Battle of Martinići (1796)
4556:Serb uprising of 1737–1739
4541:Serb Uprising of 1596–1597
4198:Serb Uprising of 1038–1042
4010:Fall of the Serbian Empire
1825:Empires, Wars, and Battles
1737:Imber, Colin (July 2006).
1669:Cambridge University Press
1444:Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018).
1039:
6266:Battles involving Hungary
6182:
6059:
5859:
5701:
5688:Battle of Sarajevo (1945)
5516:1942 Montenegro offensive
5441:Uprising in Serbia (1941)
5423:
5380:
5249:
5163:
5120:
5113:
5082:Battle of Sarajevo (1878)
5057:Krivošije uprising (1869)
5015:Priest Jovica's Rebellion
4992:
4924:
4678:
4671:
4627:
4584:
4519:
4400:
4393:
4331:Serbian civil war of 1331
4275:
4188:
3972:
3914:Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)
3904:
3895:
3846:Ottoman victories are in
3844:
3818:
3734:
3373:
3360:
3308:
3154:
3141:
3029:
2632:
2619:
2518:
2267:
2254:
2234:
1975:
1962:
1821:T. C. F. Hopkins (2007).
1128:. ABC-CLIO. p. 527.
930:
831:in the south part of the
739:
573:
520:
305:
231:
175:
162:
125:
96:
47:
34:
26:
21:
6199:Central African Republic
6109:Battle of Belaćevac Mine
5992:Battle of Vrbanja Bridge
5902:Siege of Bihać (1992–95)
5648:Siege of Rogatica (1941)
5473:Battle of Loznica (1941)
4481:Siege of Belgrade (1717)
4456:Siege of Belgrade (1690)
4441:Siege of Belgrade (1688)
4371:Siege of Belgrade (1440)
3934:Bulgarian-Serb War (998)
1794:The Metamorphosis of War
1297:Babinger, Franz (1992),
1255:Babinger, Franz (1992),
1046:Jefferson, John (2012).
6151:Prizren incident (1999)
6022:Operation Southern Move
5867:Battle of Bosanski Brod
5714:Plitvice Lakes incident
5658:Kosovo Operation (1944)
5593:Capture of Olovo (1941)
5563:Battle of Kupres (1942)
5511:Battle of Lijevče Field
5325:Kosovo offensive (1915)
5150:Fight on Čelopek (1906)
4848:Second Serbian Uprising
4637:Serbian Hussar Regiment
4546:Battle of Mohács (1687)
4529:Long War (Ottoman wars)
4376:Battle of Kosovo (1448)
4102:Battle of Trnava (1430)
1598:Saygan, Çağlar (2021).
1193:Encyclopædia Britannica
804:Władysław III of Poland
345:War of the South Danube
132:Władysław III of Poland
6306:15th century in Serbia
5829:Operation Medak Pocket
5764:Battle of the Barracks
5490:Battle of the Sutjeska
5434:Invasion of Yugoslavia
5415:Drenica-Junik Uprising
5335:Battle of Malka Nidzhe
5315:Battle of Kaymakchalan
5155:Battle of Pirot (1913)
5077:Battle of Vitez (1878)
5072:Battle of Jajce (1878)
5026:Battle of Vršac (1849)
4780:Liberation of Belgrade
4689:First Serbian Uprising
4599:Cretan War (1645–1669)
4501:Battle of Petrovaradin
4381:Fall of Constantinople
4326:War of Hum (1326–1329)
4261:Syrgiannes Palaiologos
4072:Battle of Vitosha Pass
4001:Battle of Sırp Sındığı
1872:. Ashgate Publishing.
1615:Imber, Collin (2006).
1090:. Ashgate Publishing.
1001:, was taken prisoner.
819:in 1441, not far from
747:
726:as part of the larger
296:Hungarian–Ottoman Wars
126:Commanders and leaders
6168:1999 F-117A shootdown
6039:Operation Deny Flight
6034:1995 Pale air strikes
5912:Operation Corridor 92
5719:Battle of Borovo Selo
5551:Operation Draufgänger
5234:Siege of Vidin (1913)
5130:Fight on Šuplji Kamen
4840:Hadži Prodan's Revolt
4710:Batočina and Jagodina
4229:Battle of Tara (1150)
4118:Battle of Nish (1443)
3990:Battle of Stephaniana
3919:Bulgar–Serb War (853)
1868:Imber, Colin (2006).
1401:Imber, Colin (2006),
1363:Imber, Colin (2006),
1086:Imber, Colin (2006).
523:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
490:Hungarian–Ottoman War
362:Hungarian–Ottoman War
339:Hungarian–Ottoman War
322:Hungarian–Ottoman War
316:Hungarian–Ottoman War
310:Hungarian–Ottoman War
176:Casualties and losses
6068:Insurgency in Kosovo
5987:Operation Summer '95
5962:Operation Winter '94
5844:Operation Summer '95
5834:Operation Winter '94
5618:Operation Mihailovic
5613:Operation Kugelblitz
5457:Battle of Novi Pazar
5300:Battle of Dobro Pole
5260:Montenegrin campaign
5239:Ohrid–Debar uprising
5219:Battle of Bregalnica
5145:Fight in Velika Hoča
4790:Malajnica and Štubik
4642:Pruth River Campaign
4609:Battle on Vrtijeljka
4506:Battle of Banja Luka
4451:Battle of Niš (1689)
4366:Battle of Despotovac
4288:Magyar–Serb conflict
4177:Ottoman conquest of
4170:Battle of Breadfield
4055:Battle of Karanovasa
4022:Battle of Dubravnica
1333:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
999:Çandarlı Halil Pasha
866:" in 1443, with the
6007:Operation Mistral 2
5937:Operation Bøllebank
5907:Operation Vrbas '92
5882:Siege of Srebrenica
5824:Operation Maslenica
5799:Operation Whirlwind
5693:Battle of Zelengora
5395:Uprising in Drenica
5355:Ovče Pole Offensive
5305:Battle of the Drina
5229:Battle of Knjaževac
5224:Battle of Kalimanci
5200:Siege of Adrianople
5122:Macedonian Struggle
5099:Battle of Slivnitsa
5089:Serbo-Bulgarian War
5019:Several battles of
4614:Battle of Slankamen
4551:Uprising in Vučitrn
4431:Battle of Keresztes
4426:Battle of Sződfalva
4356:Battle of Kosmidion
4346:Battle of Nicopolis
4224:Siege of Ras (1127)
3985:Battle of Gallipoli
1189:"Battle of Zlatica"
750:) near the town of
6114:Battle of Podujevo
6104:Battle of Oraovica
6089:Attack on Orahovac
5794:Operation Orkan 91
5789:Operation Otkos 10
5784:Siege of Dubrovnik
5643:Operation Prijedor
5608:Operation Kopaonik
5568:Battle of Višegrad
5531:Belgrade Offensive
5462:Battle of Pljevlja
5400:Christmas Uprising
5345:Monastir offensive
5320:Battle of Kolubara
5295:Battle of Bazargic
5266:Battle of Mojkovac
5190:Battle of Monastir
5180:Battle of Kumanovo
5140:Fight in Tabanovce
5010:Jančić's rebellion
4957:Battle of Vučji Do
4937:Battle of Grahovac
4680:Serbian Revolution
4446:Battle of Batočina
4239:Siege of Braničevo
4158:Siege of Smederevo
4144:Battle of Leskovac
4138:Battle of Kruševac
4129:Battle of Kunovica
4123:Battle of Zlatitsa
4088:Second Scutari War
4078:Battle of Carmorlu
4066:Siege of Novo Brdo
4060:Battle of Tripolje
3995:Battle of Demotika
3964:Battle of Velbazhd
1515:Stadtmüller, Georg
1245:, p. 286–292.
1233:, p. 278–286.
1153:Setton, Kenneth M.
1116:Mellersh, H. E. L.
1020:Turkish Historian
1012:battle of Kunovica
1005:Historical sources
988:Battle of Kunovica
833:Kingdom of Hungary
716:Battle of Zlatitsa
103:Kingdom of Hungary
22:Battle of Zlatitsa
6301:Serbian Despotate
6281:Conflicts in 1443
6246:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6178:
6177:
6124:Battle of Glođane
6002:Operation Miracle
5877:Siege of Sarajevo
5804:Operation Baranja
5759:Battle of Kusonje
5749:Battle of Šibenik
5739:Battle of Vukovar
5724:Operation Stinger
5683:Battle of Zvornik
5638:Battle of Poljana
5603:Operation Delphin
5484:Battle of Neretva
5310:Battle of Florina
5213:Second Balkan War
5109:
5108:
5000:Kumanovo uprising
4977:Battle of Novšiće
4962:Battle of Fundina
4942:Battle of Kolašin
4667:
4666:
4604:Great Turkish War
4496:Battle of Trenčín
4436:Great Turkish War
4389:
4388:
4361:Battle of Çamurlu
4298:Battle of Sirmium
4245:Battle of Pantina
4190:Serbian–Byzantine
4153:Siege of Belgrade
4083:First Scutari War
4049:Serbian Despotate
4034:Battle of Pločnik
4016:Battle of Maritsa
3981:Early skirmishes
3906:Serbian–Bulgarian
3855:
3854:
3814:
3813:
3365:(1789–1908)
3356:
3355:
3146:(1700–1789)
3137:
3136:
2624:(1550–1700)
2615:
2614:
2259:(1453–1550)
2250:
2249:
1967:(1299–1453)
1682:978-1-139-48444-2
1626:978-0-7546-0144-9
1414:978-0-7546-0144-9
1376:978-0-7546-0144-9
1310:978-0-691-01078-6
1268:978-0-691-01078-6
1135:978-1-57607-155-7
1120:Williams, Neville
1065:978-90-04-21904-5
872:Giuliano Cesarini
711:
710:
529:
528:
464:Serbia Expedition
259:
258:
188:
187:
111:Serbian Despotate
107:Kingdom of Poland
92:
91:
6318:
6187:
6186:
6139:Battle of Košare
6094:Attack on Prekaz
5997:Battle of Vozuća
5982:Operation Leap 2
5977:Battle of Orašje
5972:Operation Leap 1
5967:Battle of Vlašić
5957:Operation Spider
5952:Operation Amanda
5947:Battle of Kupres
5897:Operation Jackal
5887:Siege of Goražde
5872:Battle of Kupres
5809:Operation Jackal
5744:Battle of Gospić
5734:Battle of Osijek
5573:Mostar operation
5557:Kozara Offensive
5526:Battle of Batina
5506:Battle of Mostar
5467:Battle of Kozara
5370:Toplica Uprising
5360:Vardar offensive
5350:Morava Offensive
5340:Macedonian front
5279:Serbian campaign
5271:Battle of Lovćen
5195:Siege of Scutari
5185:Battle of Prilep
5174:First Balkan War
5135:Fight on Čelopek
5118:
5117:
5045:Siege of Cattaro
5038:Battle of Vranje
4982:Battle of Murino
4676:
4675:
4657:Seven Years' War
4576:Battle of Lopate
4421:Battle of Szőlős
4398:
4397:
4351:Battle of Ankara
4341:Battle of Rovine
4213:Battle of Zvečan
4113:Crusade of Varna
4040:Battle of Kosovo
3902:
3901:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3749:2nd Kerch Strait
3371:
3370:
3366:
3338:1st Kerch Strait
3152:
3151:
3147:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2595:Strait of Hormuz
2457:Peñón of Algiers
2265:
2264:
2260:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1612:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1581:İnalcık, Halil.
1579:
1568:
1567:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1464:
1463:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1083:
1069:
1056:Brill Publishers
829:Battle of Szeben
756:Balkan Mountains
741:
728:Crusade of Varna
568:
566:
556:
549:
542:
533:
532:
385:Crusade of Varna
300:
299:
297:
286:
279:
272:
263:
262:
226:
224:
223:Crusade of Varna
214:
207:
200:
191:
190:
69:Balkan Mountains
55:12 December 1443
49:
48:
39:
29:Crusade of Varna
19:
18:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6238:
6174:
6134:Battle of Junik
6055:
5942:Operation Tiger
5927:Siege of Mostar
5855:
5850:Operation Storm
5839:Operation Flash
5819:Operation Tiger
5754:Battle of Zadar
5697:
5633:Operation Uzice
5588:Battle of Odžak
5521:Bihać Operation
5479:Battle of Livno
5419:
5376:
5245:
5159:
5105:
5094:Battle of Pirot
4988:
4920:
4775:Belgrade (1806)
4663:
4623:
4619:Battle of Senta
4580:
4571:Battle of Krusi
4515:
4491:Battle of Zsibó
4461:Battle of Lugos
4385:
4303:Battle of Gacko
4271:
4219:Battle of Haram
4184:
4028:Battle of Savra
3974:Serbian–Ottoman
3968:
3891:
3886:
3856:
3851:
3840:
3810:
3771:6th Dardanelles
3765:5th Dardanelles
3730:
3364:
3363:
3352:
3304:
3145:
3144:
3133:
3089:4th Dardanelles
3083:3rd Dardanelles
3078:2nd Dardanelles
3072:1st Dardanelles
3025:
2837:2nd Zrínyiújvár
2832:1st Zrínyiújvár
2827:Jurjeve Stijene
2623:
2622:
2611:
2514:
2258:
2257:
2246:
2230:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1948:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1880:
1866:
1862:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1819:
1815:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1627:
1613:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1580:
1571:
1564:
1548:Babinger, Franz
1545:
1538:
1531:
1520:Ungarn-Jahrbuch
1512:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1467:
1456:
1442:
1433:
1415:
1399:
1395:
1377:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1330:
1321:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1169:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1042:
1030:Battle of Varna
1017:Jehan de Wavrin
1007:
980:Đurađ Branković
972:
933:
876:Bolvan Fortress
796:
748:İzladi Derbendi
740:Златишки проход
712:
707:
569:
565:Serbian–Ottoman
564:
562:
560:
530:
525:
516:
503:
492: (1521–26)
478: (1480–81)
412:
387: (1443–44)
379:
364: (1437–42)
347: (1420–32)
341: (1415–19)
324: (1389–96)
318: (1375–77)
312: (1366–67)
301:
295:
293:
292:
290:
260:
255:
227:
222:
220:
218:
155:
151:
144:Julian Cesarini
142:
140:Đurađ Branković
138:
134:
113:
109:
105:
88:Ottoman victory
80:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6324:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6291:1443 in Europe
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6099:Battle of Lođa
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6012:Operation Sana
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5932:Operation Irma
5929:
5924:
5922:Kravica attack
5919:
5917:Operation Bura
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:Siege of Doboj
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5628:Operation Trio
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5598:Operation Alfa
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5501:Battle of Knin
5498:
5493:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5365:Srem Offensive
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4972:Velika attacks
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4684:
4682:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4633:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4535:Banat Uprising
4532:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4406:
4404:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3368:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3061:Cape Celidonia
3058:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2856:Saint Gotthard
2853:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2730:Alcácer Quibir
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2621:Transformation
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2225:Constantinople
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1955:Ottoman Empire
1953:involving the
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1916:
1899:
1889:
1878:
1860:
1839:
1813:
1784:
1770:
1757:
1739:"Introduction"
1729:
1725:Jefferson 2012
1717:
1704:
1688:
1681:
1653:
1649:Jefferson 2012
1638:
1625:
1604:
1591:
1569:
1562:
1536:
1529:
1506:
1496:
1465:
1454:
1431:
1413:
1393:
1375:
1355:
1347:
1319:
1309:
1289:
1287:, p. 292.
1285:Jefferson 2012
1277:
1267:
1247:
1243:Jefferson 2012
1235:
1231:Jefferson 2012
1223:
1221:, p. 278.
1219:Jefferson 2012
1211:
1177:
1167:
1141:
1134:
1107:
1096:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1041:
1038:
1006:
1003:
971:
968:
932:
929:
795:
792:
760:Ottoman Empire
720:Ottoman Empire
709:
708:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
571:
570:
559:
558:
551:
544:
536:
527:
526:
521:
518:
517:
515:
514:
508:
501:
494:
493:
486:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
425:
419:
413:
406:
401:
396:
389:
388:
381:
380:
373:
366:
365:
358:
357:
349:
348:
342:
335:
334:
326:
325:
319:
313:
306:
303:
302:
289:
288:
281:
274:
266:
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
243:
238:
232:
229:
228:
217:
216:
209:
202:
194:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
146:
128:
127:
123:
122:
120:Ottoman Empire
117:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
73:Ottoman Empire
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6323:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6249:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6017:Operation Una
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5678:Syrmian Front
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:Niš operation
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:Raid on Drvar
5494:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5390:Carinthia War
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:Battle of Cer
5283:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:Battle of Bar
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:Naval battles
3733:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Philippopolis
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3362:Modernization
3359:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:Naval battles
3307:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:Naval battles
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:Naval battles
2517:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2256:Classical Age
2253:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:Naval battles
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2166:
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1893:
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1879:9781472416940
1875:
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1840:9780765303264
1836:
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1827:
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1758:0-7546-0144-7
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1565:
1563:0-691-01078-1
1559:
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1541:
1532:
1530:9783878281832
1526:
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1455:9789004375659
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1348:0-472-08260-4
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1168:0-299-10740-X
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1117:
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1099:
1097:9781472416940
1093:
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1067:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
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1037:
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1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Halil İnalcık
1018:
1013:
1002:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
983:
981:
977:
967:
964:
960:
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921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:Battle of Niš
865:
864:Long Campaign
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
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761:
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753:
749:
745:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
688:2nd Novo Brdo
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:1st Novo Brdo
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
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594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
572:
557:
552:
550:
545:
543:
538:
537:
534:
524:
519:
512:
509:
506:
502:
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496:
495:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
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459:
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453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
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429:
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423:
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410:
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400:
397:
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391:
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386:
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377:
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372:
368:
367:
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359:
355:
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350:
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340:
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328:
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308:
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268:
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252:
249:
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242:
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230:
225:
215:
210:
208:
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196:
195:
192:
183:
180:
179:
174:
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167:
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161:
158:
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150:
147:
145:
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137:
133:
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118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
100:
95:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
6248:
6191:Peacekeeping
6183:21st century
6155:
6143:
6066:
6026:
5848:
5709:Pakrac clash
5702:Croatian War
5668:Srb uprising
5555:
5488:
5471:
5439:
5432:
5425:World War II
5277:
5258:
5211:
5172:
5114:20th century
5049:
5030:
4846:
4687:
4672:19th century
4394:Foreign rule
4122:
4047:
4008:
3847:
3832:
3823:
3763:
3741:
3723:
3701:
3659:
3652:
3630:
3558:
3551:
3529:
3517:
3510:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3417:
3390:
3374:Land battles
3315:
3297:
3290:
3228:
3221:
3199:
3192:
3188:2nd Belgrade
3183:Petrovaradin
3175:
3168:
3161:
3155:Land battles
3126:
3114:
3087:
3070:
3048:
3036:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2974:Egri Palanka
2972:
2965:
2948:
2941:
2929:
2907:
2860:
2848:
2841:
2819:
2812:
2800:
2783:
2776:
2754:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2633:Land battles
2604:
2600:Gulf of Oman
2587:
2570:
2558:
2551:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2507:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2375:
2343:
2336:
2324:
2290:1st Belgrade
2268:Land battles
2223:
2211:
2189:
2173:
2172:
2163:Hermannstadt
2155:
2148:
2143:Thessalonica
2141:
2134:
2122:
2095:
2078:
2068:Philadelphia
2066:
2059:
2052:
2047:Sırp Sındığı
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1984:Kulaca Hisar
1982:
1976:Land battles
1909:
1902:
1892:
1883:
1869:
1863:
1824:
1816:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1773:
1762:. Retrieved
1743:
1732:
1720:
1697:
1691:
1662:
1656:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1552:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1459:
1445:
1426:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1365:
1358:
1337:
1314:
1299:
1292:
1280:
1272:
1257:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1197:. Retrieved
1192:
1172:
1157:
1124:
1110:
1101:
1087:
1081:
1047:
1033:
1025:
1008:
996:Grand Vizier
984:
973:
934:
900:Turakhan Beg
837:Transylvania
800:John Hunyadi
797:
768:John Hunyadi
762:(modern-day
715:
713:
657:
628:Vitosha Pass
618:Kosovo Field
513: (1526)
507: (1521)
500: (1521)
484: (1493)
482:Krbava Field
472: (1479)
466: (1477)
460: (1475)
454: (1464)
448: (1464)
442: (1459)
436: (1458)
430: (1456)
424: (1454)
418: (1448)
398:
376:Hermannstadt
240:
157:Turakhan Beg
136:John Hunyadi
115:Papal States
97:Belligerents
75:(modern-day
67:pass in the
6214:Ivory Coast
5860:Bosnian War
5251:World War I
5165:Balkan Wars
4531:(1593–1606)
4412:'s uprising
4410:Jovan Nenad
3667:Shipka Pass
3621:Başgedikler
3616:Akhaltsikhe
3581:Akhaltsikhe
3425:Mount Tabor
3408:Shubra Khit
3343:2nd Ochakov
3286:2nd Ochakov
3246:Stavunchany
3241:1st Ochakov
2785:Nagykanizsa
2463:Leobersdorf
1199:13 November
951:Janissaries
947:Sredna Gora
942:Kasım Pasha
888:Kasim Pasha
860:Christendom
856:janissaries
852:sanjak beys
776:Herzegovina
588:Sırpsındığı
578:Stephaniana
153:Kasim Pasha
42:Sredna Gora
6255:Categories
6060:Kosovo War
5546:Case White
5541:Case Black
5067:AU-BiH War
4884:Kragujevac
4715:Kragujevac
4594:Morean War
3661:Kızıl Tepe
3537:Dervenakia
3435:Heliopolis
3299:Karánsebes
3223:Banja Luka
3143:Old Regime
3128:Samothrace
3056:Cape Corvo
2950:Negroponte
2937:2nd Mohács
2931:Vrtijeljka
2898:2nd Vienna
2883:2nd Khotyn
2868:Krasnobród
2808:1st Khotyn
2796:Tashiskari
2762:Călugăreni
2709:Gvozdansko
2681:Mostaganem
2560:Formentera
2553:1st Jeddah
2450:1st Mohács
2415:Mercidabık
2351:Breadfield
2338:Valea Albă
2300:Târgoviște
2285:2nd Oranik
2213:2nd Kosovo
2207:1st Oranik
2108:Karanovasa
2074:Dubravnica
2040:Adrianople
1782:retreated"
1764:2007-04-19
1671:. p.
1074:References
992:Mahmud Bey
963:wagon fort
916:Karamanids
844:Şehabeddin
821:Nagyszeben
794:Background
703:Breadfield
603:Dubravnica
470:Breadfield
4894:Karanovac
4869:Požarevac
4750:Ivankovac
4740:Karanovac
4735:Požarevac
4402:Habsburgs
4318:Mačva War
3719:Velestino
3714:Al Wajbah
3638:Eupatoria
3626:Kurekdere
3586:Kulevicha
3542:Karpenisi
3512:Drăgășani
3276:Kozludzha
3212:Yeghevārd
3116:Oinousses
2980:Slankamen
2893:Trembowla
2843:Novi Zrin
2778:Keresztes
2772:2nd Brest
2737:1st Brest
2509:Sokhoista
2497:Esztergom
2422:Han Yunus
2366:Cătlăbuga
2326:Otlukbeli
2305:2nd Mokra
2242:Gallipoli
2197:1st Mokra
2157:Novo Brdo
2124:Nicopolis
2103:Kırkdilim
2026:Gallipoli
2012:Pelekanon
1849:cite book
1802:cite book
1423:470458159
1385:470458159
1335:(1994) .
970:Aftermath
959:Kapıkulus
892:beglerbeg
880:Aleksinac
841:Beylerbey
825:Wallachia
813:Semendria
798:In 1440,
736:Bulgarian
698:Smederevo
633:Smederevo
563:Medieval
440:Smederevo
331:Nicopolis
6209:DR Congo
5382:Interwar
4914:Batočina
4899:Batočina
4889:Jagodina
4879:Družetić
4820:Varvarin
4770:Deligrad
4725:Čokešina
4705:Svileuva
4521:Ottomans
3897:Medieval
3801:Navarino
3796:Gerontas
3759:Kaliakra
3692:Taşkesen
3682:4th Kars
3648:3rd Kars
3643:Chernaya
3632:Oltenița
3596:2nd Acre
3571:2nd Kars
3560:Phaleron
3553:Kamatero
3547:Arachova
3525:Vasilika
3496:Valtetsi
3460:Al-Safra
3455:Slobozia
3445:Arpachai
3419:1st Acre
3413:Pyramids
3348:Fidonisi
3261:Aspindza
3256:Khresili
3251:1st Kars
3110:Mytilene
3066:Focchies
2996:Moulouya
2990:Ustechko
2956:Batočina
2873:Niemirów
2821:Köbölkút
2648:Temesvár
2578:Girolata
2541:Balearic
2429:Ridanieh
2409:Koçhisar
2396:Turnadag
2389:Çaldıran
2295:Albulena
2280:Krusevac
2275:Leskovac
2185:Torvioll
2180:Kunovica
2174:Zlatitsa
2019:Demotika
1550:(1992).
1517:(1988).
1504:troops."
1122:(1999).
990:, where
912:Murad II
904:Isak-Beg
817:Isak-Beg
808:Belgrade
784:Bulgaria
764:Bulgaria
752:Zlatitsa
732:Zlatitsa
693:Belgrade
678:Ostrovic
673:Kruševac
668:Leskovac
663:Kunovica
638:Belgrade
623:Tripolje
583:Demotika
498:Belgrade
428:Belgrade
422:Kruševac
404:Kunovica
399:Zlatitsa
371:Belgrade
246:Kunovica
241:Zlatitsa
163:Strength
149:Murad II
77:Bulgaria
65:Zlatitsa
60:Location
27:Part of
6234:Somalia
6224:Liberia
6219:Lebanon
4925:Ottoman
4909:Valjevo
4825:Loznica
4810:Suvodol
4805:Prahovo
4785:Loznica
4745:Adakale
4181:in 1499
4172:in 1479
4166:in 1459
4146:in 1454
4140:in 1454
4131:in 1444
4125:in 1443
4074:in 1413
4068:in 1412
4062:in 1402
4042:in 1389
4036:in 1386
4030:in 1385
4024:in 1381
4018:in 1371
4003:in 1364
3997:in 1352
3848:italics
3786:Nauplia
3781:Algiers
3725:Domokos
3709:Mouzaki
3697:Novšiće
3677:Aladzha
3654:Al-Hasa
3591:Algiers
3519:Sculeni
3501:Doliana
3491:Erzurum
3480:Alamana
3392:Giurgiu
3381:Focșani
3323:Matapan
3292:Mehadia
3281:Kinburn
3236:Perekop
3201:Samarra
3194:Kurijan
3105:Algiers
3100:Algiers
3095:Algiers
3044:Lepanto
2967:Zernest
2961:2nd Niš
2920:Eperjes
2903:Párkány
2878:Komarno
2862:Ładyżyn
2791:Sufiyan
2767:Giurgiu
2723:Torches
2695:Szigeth
2674:Tlemcen
2641:Tlemcen
2583:Alborán
2572:Preveza
2527:Zonchio
2503:Karagak
2483:Algiers
2476:Baghdad
2469:Gorjani
2443:Tlemcen
2403:Algiers
2345:Shkodra
2202:Otonetë
2168:1st Niš
2150:Golubac
2136:Çamurlu
2086:Pločnik
2061:Maritsa
2054:Samokov
2033:Ihtiman
1991:Bapheus
1951:Battles
1040:Sources
896:Rumelia
882:) and
848:Rumelia
788:Albania
754:in the
744:Turkish
724:Balkans
658:Zlatica
613:Pločnik
598:Maritsa
593:Samokov
476:Otranto
452:Zvornik
354:Golubac
184:Unknown
171:Unknown
168:Unknown
6204:Cyprus
4874:Rudnik
4854:Ljubić
4835:Ravnje
4800:Jasika
4760:Vrbica
4755:Rudnik
4720:Drlupa
4700:Rudnik
4695:Vračar
4629:Russia
4586:Venice
4537:(1594)
4263:(1334)
4241:(1154)
4215:(1094)
4164:Serbia
3754:Tendra
3743:Andros
3703:Ulcinj
3672:Plevna
3486:Gravia
3466:Jeddah
3430:Abukir
3398:Izmail
3386:Rymnik
3333:Patras
3317:Imbros
3230:Grocka
3207:Kirkuk
3163:Chelif
3122:Andros
3038:Cyprus
2943:Crimea
2814:Candia
2802:Cecora
2716:Çıldır
2655:Palast
2606:Djerba
2383:Dubica
2377:Krbava
2371:Vrpile
2332:Vaslui
2315:Vaikal
2130:Ankara
2113:Rovine
2097:Kosovo
2091:Bileća
2005:Nicaea
1998:Dimbos
1957:by era
1876:
1837:
1755:
1679:
1623:
1560:
1527:
1452:
1421:
1411:
1383:
1373:
1345:
1307:
1265:
1195:. 2014
1165:
1132:
1094:
1062:
1052:Leiden
938:Edirne
931:Battle
924:Sultan
920:Edirne
890:, the
878:(near
786:, and
780:Serbia
772:Bosnia
734:Pass (
683:Trepča
511:Mohács
458:Vaslui
416:Kosovo
85:Result
4993:Other
4904:Užice
4864:Palež
4859:Čačak
4830:Mačva
4815:Drina
4795:Čegar
4765:Mišar
4730:Šabac
4276:Other
3806:Sinop
3791:Samos
3776:Athos
3611:Nezib
3606:Konya
3576:Varna
3566:Petra
3506:Lalas
3473:Čegar
3450:Batin
3440:Derna
3403:Măcin
3328:Çeşme
3271:Kagul
3266:Larga
3217:Ganja
3177:Pruth
3050:Tunis
3021:Zenta
3003:Lugos
2985:Hodów
2925:Kassa
2850:Jijel
2756:Banat
2750:Sisak
2744:Bihać
2688:Krupa
2668:Tadla
2589:Ponza
2566:Tunis
2534:Modon
2436:Jajce
2361:Adana
2320:Meçad
2310:Ohrid
2219:Polog
2191:Varna
2118:Ohrid
2080:Savra
976:Sofia
955:Azeps
908:Sofia
815:over
648:Varna
608:Savra
505:Šabac
446:Jajce
434:Užice
409:Várna
251:Varna
6229:Mali
4179:Zeta
3601:Hims
3531:Peta
3170:Oran
3016:Azov
3010:Ulaş
2909:Buda
2888:Lwów
2490:Pest
1964:Rise
1874:ISBN
1855:link
1835:ISBN
1808:link
1753:ISBN
1749:9–31
1677:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1419:OCLC
1409:ISBN
1381:OCLC
1371:ISBN
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