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1044:, seize a small road, and overpower the garrison that protected it, allowing the bulk of his army (5,000 men) to ascend the cliff by the small road and then deploy for battle on the plateau. Even if the first landing party succeeded in their mission and the army was able to follow, such a deployment would still leave his forces inside the French line of defence with no immediate retreat but the river. It is possible that Wolfe's decision to change the landing site was owing less to a desire for secrecy and more to his general disdain for his brigadiers (a feeling that was reciprocated); it is also possible that he was still suffering the effects of his illness and the
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was needed by the end of
September, or Britain's opportunity would be lost. In addition, his frustration with Montcalm's defensive stance continued to grow. In a letter to his mother, Wolfe wrote, "The Marquis of Montcalm is at the head of a great number of bad soldiers, and I am at the head of a small number of good ones that wish for nothing so much as to fight him; but the wary old fellow avoids an action, doubtful of the behaviour of his army." Montcalm also expressed frustration over the long siege, relating that he and his troops slept clothed and booted, and his horse was always saddled in preparation for an attack.
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forces, or even yielded the city to Wolfe, he instead elected to confront Wolfe's force directly. Had he waited, the
British would have been entirely cut offâthey had nowhere to go but back down the Foulon, and would have been under fire the entire way. To an artillery officer named Montbelliard, Montcalm explained his decision thus: "We cannot avoid action; the enemy is entrenching, he already has two pieces of cannon. If we give him time to establish himself, we shall never be able to attack him with the troops we have."
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formation at a word, and retain cohesion in the face of bayonet charges and musket volleys. Though his regular regiments (the "troupes de terre" or "metropolitans") were adept at such formal warfare, in the course of the campaign their ranks had been replenished by less professional militiamen, whose talents at forest warfare emphasised the individual: they tended to fire early and then drop to the ground to reload, thus reducing the effect of concentrated fire at close range.
962:, attacked and destroyed small French settlements along the St. Lawrence. An estimated 1,400 stone houses and manors were destroyed, and many colonists killed. The effort was likely an attempt to force Montcalm's army out of its fortifications, but was unsuccessful. However, the attacks did reduce the number of suppliers available to the French, especially as the British navy, unable to control the St. Lawrence entirely, was successful in blockading the ports in France.
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time he had to live. "A few hours," he was answered. "All the better," he said, "I will not see the
British in Quebec." He was buried in a shell crater left in the floor of the Ursuline chapel by a British shell. In terms of casualties the British suffered 658 killed or wounded, of these, 61 were killed and 597 were wounded. The French casualties was between 644 to 716 killed or wounded, among those thirteen officers, and a further 350 men were taken prisoner.
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1803:) was cancelled due to threats of public disorder. Leaders of separatist parties described the event as a slap in the face for Quebecers of French ancestry and as an insult for the francophone majority. Some sovereigntist groups threatened or made indirect threats by stating that if the event took place, there could be violence. The movement against re-enactment and these threats of violence led the National Battlefields Commission to cancel the event.
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within moments of the command to fire, Wolfe was struck with two shots, one low in the stomach and the second, a mortal wound in the chest. Knox wrote that one of the soldiers near Wolfe shouted "They run, see how they run." Wolfe, on the ground, opened his eyes and asked who was running. Upon being told that the French had broken, he gave several orders, then turned on his side and said "Now, God be praised, I will die in peace", and died.
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1020:. It lies at the bottom of a 53 m (174 ft) high cliff leading to the plateau above, and was protected by a battery of guns. It is not known why Wolfe selected Foulon, as the original landing site was to be further up the river, in a position where the British would be able to develop a foothold and strike at Bougainville's force to draw Montcalm out of Quebec and onto the plains. Brigadier-General
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1614:, serving with the 43rd Foot, wrote in his journal that as the French came within range, the regiments "gave them, with great calmness, as remarkable a close and heavy discharge as I ever saw". After the first volley, the British lines marched forward a few paces towards the shocked French force and fired a second general volley that shattered the attackers and sent them into retreat.
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without waiting for further reinforcements from the
Beauport shore. He arrayed his approximately 3,500 soldiers into place, his best regulars three deep, others six deep and his poorest regiment in column. At approximately 10 a.m., Montcalm, riding his dark horse and waving his sword to encourage his men, ordered a general advance on the British line.
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who would normally have patrolled the cliffs regularly through the night was unable to on the night of the 12th because one of his horses had been stolen and his two others were lame. The first notice of the landing came from a runner who had fled from Vergor's camp, but one of
Montcalm's aides felt the man was mad and sent him away, then went back to bed.
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approaching from
Beauport and Quebec, the Canadian militia and native sharpshooters engaged the British left flank, sheltering in the trees and scrub; the militia held these positions throughout the battle and fell back on this line during the general retreat, eventually holding the bridge over the St. Charles River.
927:, along the shallows of the river in areas that had previously been targeted by British attempts to land. Before the British, a small fleet of supply ships had arrived in Quebec with much-needed supplies. Those supplies, along with 500 reinforcements, likely aided French resistance during the lengthy siege.
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from the
British artillery or repeated musket fire, suffering injuries to the lower abdomen and thigh. He was able to make it back into the city, but his wounds were mortal and he died at the wee hours the next morning. A few moments before he drew his last breath, Montcalm asked his surgeon how much
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Some French officers felt the
Montmorency defeat would be the last British attack; Vaudreuil wrote afterwards that "I have no more anxiety about Quebec. Wolfe, I assure you, will make no progress... He contented himself with losing about five hundred of his best soldiers." He predicted another attack
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Wolfe, on surveying the town of
Beauport, found that the houses there had been barricaded and organized to allow for musket fire from within; they were built in an unbroken line along the road, providing a formidable barrier. In addition, a screen of trees along the Montmorency River made an approach
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formation that stretched across the width of the Plains, the main firing line being roughly one kilometre long. Two battalions were deployed, facing north, to cover the left flank and a further two formed a reserve. In order to cover the entire plain, Wolfe was forced to array his soldiers two ranks
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The
Highlanders pursued them to the very Sally Port of the town. The Highlanders returned towards the main body. When the highlanders were gathered together, they lay'd on a separate attack against a large body of Canadians on our flank that were posted in a small village and a Bush of woods. Here,
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The plateau was undefended save for Vergor's camp, as Vaudreuil had ordered one of the French regiments to relocate to the east of the city not long before the landing. Had the immediate defenders been more numerous, the British might have been unable to deploy or even been pushed back. An officer
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After considering and rejecting a number of plans for landings on the north shore, a decision was made in late August by Wolfe and his brigadiers to land upriver of the city. If successful, such a landing would force Montcalm to fight, as a British force on the north shore of the St. Lawrence would
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Through the summer siege, illness spread through the British camps. In August, Wolfe himself was bedridden, causing already low morale to slump even further among the British troops. With many men in camp hospitals, British fighting numbers were thinned, and Wolfe personally felt that a new attack
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The next April, before the ice left the rivers, the Chevalier de LĂ©vis, Montcalm's successor as French commander, marched his 7,000 troops to Quebec. James Murray, the British commander, had experienced a terrible winter, in which scurvy had reduced his garrison to only 4,000. On 28 April, LĂ©vis'
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and the Louisbourg Grenadiers, had moved to a rise to observe the battle; he had been struck in the wrist early in the fight, but had wrapped the injury and continued on. Volunteer James Henderson, with the Louisbourg Grenadiers, had been tasked with holding the hill, and reported afterwards that
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to anchor the line. The defenders pushed the British from one house, but were repelled and, in retreat, lit several houses on fire to keep them out of enemy hands. Smoke from these fires wound up masking the British left, and may have confused Montcalm as to the width of the lines. As Wolfe's men
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I had the honour to inform you today that it is my duty to attack the French army. To the best of my knowledge and ability, I have fixed upon that spot where we can act with most force and are most likely to succeed. If I am mistaken I am sorry for it and must be answerable to His Majesty and the
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As a European-trained military leader, Montcalm's instinct was for large, set-piece battles in which regiments and soldiers moved in precise order. Such actions required a disciplined soldiery, painstakingly drilled for as long as 18 months on the parade ground, trained to march in time, change
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Montcalm was taken aback to learn of the British deployment, and his response has been regarded as precipitate. Though he might have awaited reinforcement by Bougainville's column (allowing simultaneous frontal and rear attacks on the British position) or avoided battle while he concentrated his
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and others had expressed their concern at the possibility of L'Anse-au-Foulon being vulnerable, but Montcalm dismissed them, saying 100 men would hold off the army until daylight, remarking, "It is not to be supposed that the enemies have wings so that they can in the same night cross the river,
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were sent to clear the picket along the road, and climbed the slope, a manoeuvre that allowed them to come up behind Vergor's camp and capture it quickly. Wolfe followed an hour later when he could use an easy access road to climb to the plain. Thus, by the time the sun rose over the Plains of
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As French troops arrived from Beauport, Montcalm, one of few mounted men on the field, decided that a swift assault was the only way to dislodge the British from their position. Accordingly, he deployed the forces immediately available in and near Quebec City and prepared an immediate attack,
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On the morning of 13 September, Wolfe's army formed a line first with their backs to the river, then spread out across the Plains with its right anchored by the bluff along the St. Lawrence and its left by a bluff and thick wood above the St. Charles River. While the regular French forces were
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Townshend took charge of the British forces and realised that Bougainville's column was approaching from the British rear, having taken some time to arrive from Cap Rouge. He quickly formed up two battalions from the confused troops on the field and turned them to meet the oncoming French, a
1686:, who later wrote to his government and put the full blame for the French rout on the deceased Montcalm, decided to abandon Quebec and the Beauport shore, ordering all of his forces to march west and eventually join up with Bougainville, leaving the garrison in Quebec under the command of
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1740:. A lack of artillery and ammunition, combined with British improvements to the fortifications, meant that the French were unable to take the city by storm. Both sides awaited reinforcements from Europe. The first ships to arrive, in mid-May, were part of a British fleet which had
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Plan of Quebec and environs with its defences and the occasional entrenched camps of the French commanded by Marquis de Montcalm shewing likewise the principal works and operations of the British forces, under the command of Major General Wolfe, during the siege of that place in
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today). This battle proved bloodier than that of the Plains of Abraham, with about 850 casualties on the French side and 1,100 on the British side. The French had defeated the British, but the British were able to withdraw within the walls of Quebec, to which the French
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cut his supply lines to Montreal. Initial suggestions for landing sites ranged as far as 32 km (20 mi) up the St. Lawrence, which would have given the French troops one or two days to prepare for the attack. Following the failed British assault on
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The British, meanwhile, prepared for their risky deployment upstream. Troops had already been aboard landing ships and drifting up and down the river for several days when Wolfe on 12 September, made a final decision on the British landing site, selecting
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shore following the abandonment of the British camp at Montmorency, which he regarded as preparations for a descent (amphibious attack) on Beauport. In spite of warnings from local commanders, he did not view an upstream landing as a serious possibility.
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In 2009, a number of activities were proposed to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. A plan to hold a re-enactment of the battle itself (as well as a re-enactment of the subsequent French victory of 1760 at the
1645:, but were met near the city by a heavy fire from a floating battery covering the bridge over the St. Charles River as well as militia that remained in the trees. The 78th took the highest number of casualties of all British units in the battle.
951:, who reached the beach, attempted a generally undisciplined charge on the French positions, but came under heavy fire; a thunderstorm ended the fight and allowed Wolfe to pull his troops back after taking some 450 casualties to Montcalm's 60.
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to pass that nightâa plan that had been changed without Vergor being notified. When the boats, loaded with the first wave of British troops, were challenged, a French-speaking officer, either a Captain Fraser or Captain Donald McDonald of the
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downriver to disrupt the landing, but the ships were set afire too early and British sailors in longboats were able to pull the flaming craft clear of the fleet. The following day, Wolfe's troops landed on the south bank of the river at
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surveyed a large portion of the river, including a dangerous channel known as The Traverse. Cook's ship was one of the first ships up the river, sounding the channel and guiding the fleet as it moved up; Wolfe and his men landed on the
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he used as painkillers. Some revisionist historians believe Wolfe ordered the attack believing the advanced guard would be repulsed, and anticipated dying gallantly with his men rather than returning home in disgrace.
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on land that was originally owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin, hence the name of the battle. The battle involved fewer than 10,000 troops in total, but proved to be a deciding moment in the conflict between
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1748:, just off the coast of France, proved the decisive battle for this part of New France. The Royal Navy destroyed the French fleet, meaning France could not send a reserve force to save New France.
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entered its later stages through 1758 and 1759, French forces and colonies in northeastern North America came under renewed attack from British armies. In 1758 after their defeat in July at the
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The boats, however, had drifted slightly off course: instead of landing at the base of the road, many soldiers found themselves at the base of a slope. A group of 24 volunteers led by Colonel
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1744:. The success of the French army's offensive against Quebec in the spring of 1760 had depended on the dispatch of a French armada, with fresh troops and supplies. A naval battle fought at
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deep, rather than the more conventional three ranks. On the left wing, regiments under Townshend exchanged fire with the militia in the scrub and captured a small collection of houses and
1402:, was upstream with his troops at Cap Rouge on the night of 12 September, and missed seeing numerous British ships moving downstream. A camp of approximately 100 militia led by Captain
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As the French approached, the British lines held their fire. Wolfe had devised a firing method for stopping French column advances in 1755 that called for the centreâin this case, the
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947:, also known as the Battle of Montmorency. Approximately 3,500 troops, supported by a heavy bombardment, attempted to land but were fired upon in the river shallows. Members of the
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A Collection of National English Airs, Consisting of Ancient Song, Ballad, & Dance Tunes, Interspersed with Remarks and Anecdote, and Preceded by an Essay on English Minstrelsy
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after a wonderful escape all day, we suffered great loss both in Officers and men but at last drove them under the cover of their cannon which likeways did us considerable loss.
1814:. The inclusion of that document in the event led to condemnations and a boycott from federalist politicians and the withdrawal of some government funding for the event. The
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day-saving manoeuvre; instead of attacking with a well rested and ready force, Bougainville retreated while the rest of Montcalm's army slipped back across the St. Charles.
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The decisive success of the British forces on the Plains of Abraham and the subsequent capture of Quebec became part of what was known in Great Britain as the "
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Saint-Denis. On the night of 12 September and morning of 13 September, however, the camp may have contained as few as 40 men, as others were off harvesting.
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had staged a diversionary action off Montmorency, firing on the shore emplacements through the night and loading boats with troops, many of them taken from
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Wolfe's plan of attack depended on secrecy and surprise. His plan required that a small party of men should land by night on the north shore, climb the
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2701:, p. 94. In 2001, his remains were moved to the military cemetery at the HÎpital-Général, near the St. Charles River, where they were placed in a
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838:, were unsettled by the British successes. However, Quebec was still able to protect itself as the British prepared a three-pronged attack for 1759.
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Meanwhile, the British, first under the command of Townshend and later with Murray in charge, settled in to besiege the city in conjunction with
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With Wolfe dead and several other key officers injured, British troops fell into a disorganised pursuit of the retreating French troops. The
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Foot regimentsâto hold fire while waiting for the advancing force to approach within 30 yd (27 m), then open fire at close range.
1535:, but most of these troops did not participate in the action. Many of the militia were inexperienced; the Acadian, Canadian, and indigenous
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wrote that "by some intelligence the General had, he has changed his mind as to the place he intended to land". In his final letter, dated
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supporters of the French made peace with the British, France was forced to draw its troops back. The French leaders, specifically Governor
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1810:. Thousands gathered on the Plains of Abraham to listen to recitations of 140 significant texts from Quebec history, including the 1970
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For the remainder of the summer, Wolfe's focus changed, possibly due to frustration with Montcalm's tactics. Wolfe's troops, along with
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waited for the defenders, the steady fire became intense enough that Wolfe ordered his men to lie down amid the high grass and brush.
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and a column of approximately 1,500 regular troops, 200 cavalry, and a group of New French militiaâsome 3,000 men in allâupriver to
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in August, causing Atlantic Canada to fall into their hands, and opening the sea route to attack Quebec. The British also captured
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with 17,000 British and American troops. The French capitulated on 8 September, and the British took possession of Montreal. The
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The French held their fire and both armies waited for two or three minutes. The French finally fired two disorganized volleys.
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among the leadership, the French troops and New French militia defenders focused their preparations for British attacks on the
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disembark, climb the obstructed acclivity, and scale the walls, for which last operation they would have to carry ladders."
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on that route dangerous. On 31 July, the first serious attempt by Wolfe's troops to land on the northern shore led to the
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General Montcalm, mortally wounded on the Plains of Abraham, is taken to Quebec. Watercolour by Louis Bombled (1862â1927)
915:, and Lieutenant-Colonel de Sennezergue, distributed some 12,000 troops in a nine-kilometre-long collection of fortified
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Map of the Quebec City area showing disposition of French and British forces. The Plains of Abraham are to the left.
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west of the city. The British Navy was forced to leave the St. Lawrence shortly after the capture of Quebec, lest
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Engraving based on a sketch by Wolfe's aide-de-camp, Harvey Smyth, depicting the easy climb by Wolfe's soldiers
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Wolfe had ordered his soldiers to charge their muskets with two balls each in preparation for the engagement.
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Eccles, W. J. (1994), "The Preemptive Conquest, 1749â1763", in Francis, R. Douglas; Smith, Donald B. (eds.),
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and the city was turned over to British control. The remaining French forces positioned themselves on the
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Sentries did detect boats moving along the river that morning, but they were expecting a French supply
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An eyewitness with the 78th Highlanders (Dr Robert Macpherson) wrote three days after the battle:
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who commanded appx. 8,000 troops, of which only 4,500 men and 1 artillery gun were taken to the
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The Canadian military atlas: the Nation's battlefields from the French and Indian Wars to Kosovo
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Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754â1766
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1847:. In Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, he states that the evening before the battle, Wolfe recited
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The French Armies in the Seven Years' War: A Study in Military Organization and Administration
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expected to lead 12,000 men, but was greeted by only approximately 7,000 regular troops, 400
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were more used to guerrilla warfare. By contrast, the British 7,700 troops were almost all
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1016:. L'Anse-au-Foulon is a cove situated west of the city, three kilometres upstream from
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The French forces would attempt to recapture Quebec the following spring, and in the
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wound just below his ribs. In the wake of the battle, the French evacuated the city.
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by the British, the battle lasted about an hour. British troops commanded by General
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to monitor the British ships upstream. He further strengthened his defences of the
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fleet. Within days, on 18 September, de Ramezay, Townshend and Saunders signed the
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battery was established there in early July that nearly levelled the lower town by
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In the wake of the battle, a state of confusion spread through the French troops.
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sent downriver to block the British advance, as shown in a copy of a painting by
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commanding appx. 1,900 regulars, 1,500 militia and natives, and 4 field guns.
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would come within days. Others in the French camp felt the campaign was over.
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by the British Army and Royal Navy against the French Army, just outside the
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Abraham, Wolfe's army had a solid foothold at the top of the cliffs of the
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the night before the battle. Due to that myth, said song is also called
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available in Quebec City and along the Beauport shore, as well as 200
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on 28 June. The French attempted to attack the fleet by sending seven
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1759 battle between British and French troops near Quebec City, Canada
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1483:
The British under General Wolfe climbing the heights of Quebec, 1759
1415:
1406:, who had unsuccessfully faced the British four years previously at
1310:
54:
3507:
3098:
Francis, R. Douglas; Jones, Richard & Smith, Donald B. (2000),
1720:
217:
2847:"CBC News: Organizers cancel mock Battle of the Plains of Abraham"
1806:
Another commemorative event was proposed for the anniversary, the
1759:
was signed in 1763 to end the war and gave possession of parts of
1669:
During the retreat, Montcalm, still mounted, was struck by either
930:
1550:
Of the British troops, approximately 3,300 formed into a shallow
1513:
1509:
1443:
916:
768:
700:). The battle, which began on 13 September 1759, was fought on a
221:
3277:
Historical Atlas of Canada, Volume I: From the Beginning to 1800
3232:(4th ed.), Toronto: Harcourt Brace and Company, p. 180
1394:
Bougainville, tasked with the defence of the large area between
3184:
Death Or Victory: The Battle for Quebec and the Birth of Empire
1529:
1427:
1045:
722:
710:
3445:
From the Warpath to the Plains of Abraham (virtual exhibition)
2550:
Ian Macpherson Mcculloch, "Son of the Mountains", pp. 186â187.
3444:
3435:
Battle of the Plains of Abraham at the Quebec History Website
1642:
970:
729:
229:
3449:
2810:
2808:
2707:
Press release, Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec
1834:
1763:
to Great Britain, including Canada and the eastern half of
686:
Bataille des Plaines d'Abraham, PremiÚre bataille de Québec
2826:
26:. For other battles that occurred around Quebec City, see
2982:
Paths of Glory: The Life and Death of General James Wolfe
2805:
2323:"1759-09-13 â Battle of QuĂ©bec â Project Seven Years War"
2899:"Canada: Workers find live British cannonball in Quebec"
2873:"CBC News: Plains of Abraham reading attracts thousands"
2836:. This website is not the official website of the event.
1567:
Montcalm leading his troops into battle. Watercolour by
3425:
Introduction: The Seven Years War â Canadian War Museum
1081:
British forces engaged in the battle were commanded by
822:
in the same month, costing the French supplies for the
456:
1283:
French forces engaged in the battle were commanded by
3450:
National Battlefields Commission (Plains of Abraham)
1516:, 200 artillery (including the guns of Quebec), 400
771:
most of its possessions in eastern North America to
3237:Francis, R. Douglas & Smith, Donald B. (1998),
1751:At Montréal that September, Lévis and 2,000 troops
888:, nearly directly across the river from Quebec; an
870:In preparation for the fleet's approach to Quebec,
3307:
2670:"13â14 septembre 1759 â Mort de Montcalm et Wolfe"
2534:
2532:
2014:
2012:
2010:
3097:
2814:
2799:
2101:
2099:
1731:, immediately west of the city (near the site of
3867:
3020:, The Makers of Canada, Toronto: Morang & Co
2985:, New York: Carnegie Publishing Ltd, Lancaster,
1328:Louis Joseph de Saint VĂ©ran, Marquis de Montcalm
1288:Louis Joseph de Saint VĂ©ran, Marquis de Montcalm
19:For the board wargame based on this battle, see
3239:Readings in Canadian History, Pre-Confederation
3230:Readings in Canadian History: Pre-Confederation
2529:
2007:
151:
2096:
1504:In total, Montcalm had 13,390 regular troops,
1343:(deep order, meaning they were not spread out)
3523:
1390:Landing of the British troops on 12 September
1152:(only grenadier and light infantry companies)
1146:(only grenadier and light infantry companies)
494:
3621:Vieux-QuĂ©becâCap-Blancâcolline Parlementaire
3430:A Soldier's Account of the Plains of Abraham
3383:, Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada,
3353:Vérité sur la bataille des plaines d'abraham
3236:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1031:, 8:30 p.m. 12 September, Wolfe wrote:
1727:forces met and defeated the British at the
987:, Montcalm altered his deployment, sending
3779:2000â06 municipal reorganization in Quebec
3530:
3516:
3100:Origins: Canadian History to Confederation
2827:Official reenactors' website for the event
1790:(constructed by the British 1808â1812) in
501:
487:
3503:Audio documentary of the Battle of Quebec
3466:The Battle of the Plains of Abraham from
3024:
2698:
2656:
2571:
2523:
2201:
2042:
2030:
2001:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1886:
3280:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
3254:
3209:
3141:, New York: The World Publishing Company
3052:, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
3010:
2978:
2946:
2927:
2644:
2475:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2351:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2165:
2066:
2054:
1821:In 2017, during construction within the
1782:
1692:
1647:
1616:
1587:
1562:
1495:
1478:
1458:
1385:
1002:
969:
938:and the unsuccessful attack on 31 August
929:
907:. Montcalm and his staff, Major-General
854:
793:
183:
3398:
3357:
3327:
3305:
3158:Quebec 1759: The Battle That Won Canada
3133:
2583:
2499:
2225:
2213:
2141:
2090:
3868:
3376:
3273:
3227:
3077:
3042:
2538:
2451:
2403:
2333:from the original on 25 September 2020
2177:
2153:
2117:
2018:
1989:
1953:
1912:
1253:60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot
1247:60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot
1116:Protecting rear â The Light Infantry (
934:Initial British landing, claiming the
909:François de Gaston, Chevalier de Lévis
3511:
3380:Quebec 1759: The Siege and The Battle
3365:, Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
3145:
3120:, Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre,
3115:
2909:from the original on 14 December 2017
2749:
2737:
2595:
2379:
2317:
2315:
2284:
2282:
2237:
2105:
1977:
1870:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
1853:Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
1688:Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay
763:and in 1763, following defeat in the
482:
3891:Battles of the French and Indian War
3537:
3497:Battle of Quebec animated battle map
3440:The Plains of Abraham in Google Maps
3261:, Toronto: Oxford University Press,
3181:
3154:
2879:from the original on 1 December 2019
2853:from the original on 27 October 2018
2761:
2725:
2680:from the original on 13 October 2018
2619:
2607:
2559:
2511:
2487:
2463:
2391:
2375:
2363:
2300:from the original on 30 January 2020
2189:
2129:
2078:
1965:
1923:
1491:
721:, influencing the later creation of
3774:Communauté métropolitaine de Québec
3294:from the original on 17 August 2021
2967:from the original on 15 August 2021
2781:from the original on 1 January 2020
974:The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
413:4,400 regulars and colonial rangers
13:
3769:Quebec Urban Community (1970â2001)
3759:List of articles about Quebec City
3601:
3241:, Toronto: Harcourt-Brace Canada,
3202:
3066:from the original on 27 March 2022
2312:
2279:
1713:Articles of Capitulation of Quebec
1637:were ordered by Brigadier-General
1583:
1052:
512:Seven Years' War in North America:
420:1,500 colonial militia and natives
14:
3932:
3418:
3387:from the original on 28 June 2011
3314:, Durham: Duke University Press,
2999:from the original on 7 April 2022
1404:Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor
1266:80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot
1212:(also guarding the landing place)
1118:80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot
1076:
746:Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm
728:The culmination of a three-month
520:, St. Lawrence and Mohawk theater
3538:
3403:, Toronto: Stoddart Publishing,
3330:Vérité sur les plaines d'Abraham
3049:The Canadian Frontier, 1534â1760
1641:to pursue the French with their
1278:
1059:
455:
448:
395:
384:
373:
362:
351:
332:
320:
309:
298:
287:
276:
265:
246:
201:
185:
169:
153:
53:
3886:Battles involving Great Britain
3270:(Trans. by Margaret M. Cameron)
3258:Canada: The War of the Conquest
2939:
2921:
2891:
2865:
2839:
2820:
2800:Francis, Jones & Smith 2000
2793:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2692:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2544:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2123:
2111:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
965:
696:to describe the North American
688:), was a pivotal battle in the
674:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
40:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
3787:Regional county municipalities
3084:, New York: Harper & Row,
2815:Francis, Jones & Smith2000
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1929:
1837:, Wolfe sang the soldier song
1723:close the mouth of the river.
1220:1 Light field gun provided by
1184:1 Light field gun provided by
1:
3274:Harris, R. Cole, ed. (1987),
3161:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
3029:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
2953:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
1880:
1818:took place without incident.
1742:defeated Levis' support ships
1702:Marc AurÚle de Foy Suzor-Coté
1476:; this preoccupied Montcalm.
913:Louis Antoine de Bougainville
740:advance of French troops and
3570:Sainte-FoyâSilleryâCap-Rouge
3210:Borneman, Walter R. (2007),
3102:, Toronto: Harcourt Canada,
1677:
1036:public for the consequences.
798:A portrait of Wolfe printed
7:
3717:Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
3483:The Chronicles of America:
3332:, Les Ă©ditions de l'Homme,
3146:Lloyd, Christopher (1959),
1858:
1840:How Stands the Glass Around
1625:Wolfe, positioned with the
1296:commanded by General Dumas
1216:78th (Fraser's) Highlanders
826:campaign. When some of the
789:
10:
3937:
3118:Historical Atlas of Canada
2979:Brumwell, Stephen (2006),
2631:Ian Macpherson Mcculloch,
1381:
1350:under General Senezergues
736:successfully resisted the
61:The Death of General Wolfe
18:
3751:
3725:
3702:
3613:
3599:
3550:
3468:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3212:The French and Indian War
2716:, retrieved 26 April 2007
1828:
1778:
1500:First phase of the battle
1454:
1363:RĂ©giment Royal Roussillon
526:
517:The French and Indian War
443:
424:
407:
239:
145:
71:
52:
44:
39:
3881:Battles involving France
3876:Battles involving Canada
3025:Chartrand, Rene (1999),
1592:French forces in retreat
1569:Charles William Jefferys
3328:MacLeod, Peter (2008),
3150:, London: B.T. Batsford
2947:Anderson, Fred (2000),
2832:14 October 2017 at the
2290:"Battle of Quebec 1759"
1875:WolfeâMontcalm Monument
1635:78th Fraser Highlanders
1433:78th Fraser Highlanders
1268:) (protecting the rear)
919:and batteries from the
761:failed to take the city
3921:History of Quebec City
3830:Equivalent territories
3764:History of Quebec City
3607:
3585:La Haute-Saint-Charles
3399:Zuehlke, Mark (2001),
3255:Frégault, Guy (1969),
3078:Eccles, W. J. (1972),
2294:www.britishbattles.com
1939:. 2007. Archived from
1795:
1704:
1663:
1653:
1622:
1593:
1572:
1501:
1484:
1464:
1391:
1038:
1008:
975:
939:
867:
803:
744:militia under General
685:
593:Conquest of New France
469:Location within Quebec
240:Commanders and leaders
3842:Independent parishes:
3668:Sillery Heritage Site
3605:
3377:Stacey, C.P. (1959),
3306:Kennett, Lee (1986),
3186:. Harper Collins UK.
3155:Reid, Stuart (2003),
3148:The Capture of Quebec
3116:Hayes, Derek (2002),
2928:Chappell, W. (1838),
1792:The Battlefields Park
1786:
1773:Appalachian Mountains
1717:Jacques-Cartier River
1698:The Death of Montcalm
1696:
1684:Governor de Vaudreuil
1658:
1651:
1620:
1591:
1566:
1499:
1482:
1462:
1389:
1335:RĂ©giment de Languedoc
1241:15th Regiment of Foot
1210:58th Regiment of Foot
1205:47th Regiment of Foot
1180:43rd Regiment of Foot
1175:28th Regiment of Foot
1156:45th Regiment of Foot
1150:40th Regiment of Foot
1144:22nd Regiment of Foot
1138:Louisbourg Grenadiers
1112:48th Regiment of Foot
1106:35th Regiment of Foot
1104:on the right flank â
1033:
1006:
973:
949:Louisbourg Grenadiers
933:
858:
797:
694:French and Indian War
425:Casualties and losses
402:Louis de Bougainville
47:French and Indian War
3845:Notre-Dame-des-Anges
3738:Notre-Dame-des-Anges
3135:Hibbert, Christopher
2633:Son of the Mountains
2264:, pp. 354, 789.
1943:on 18 December 2008.
1845:General Wolfe's Song
1801:Battle of Sainte-Foy
1729:Battle of Sainte-Foy
1506:Troupes de la Marine
1449:promontory of Quebec
1302:RĂ©giment de la Sarre
1264:The Light Infantry (
1042:Promontory of Quebec
757:Battle of Sainte-Foy
706:walls of Quebec City
692:(referred to as the
676:, also known as the
466:class=notpageimage|
3896:Conflicts in Quebec
3639:Saint-Jean-Baptiste
3606:Flag of Quebec City
2802:, pp. 142â143.
2454:, pp. 203â204.
2144:, pp. 104â107.
1956:, pp. 178â179.
1767:âlying between the
1526:Charles de Langlade
1356:RĂ©giment de Guyenne
921:Saint-Charles River
814:, the British took
640:Pointe-aux-Trembles
118:46.8015°N 71.2201°W
114: /
3916:1759 in New France
3812:La Jacques-Cartier
3807:La CÎte-de-Beaupré
3791:Capitale-Nationale
3733:L'Ancienne-Lorette
3608:
3485:Wolfe and Montcalm
3475:Wolfe and Montcalm
3456:Montcalm and Wolfe
3363:Montcalm and Wolfe
3182:Snow, Dan (2009).
3017:Wolfe And Montcalm
2777:. September 2016.
2712:9 May 2008 at the
1937:"Battle of Quebec"
1926:, pp. 385â386
1865:Conquest of Canada
1823:Old City of Quebec
1796:
1705:
1654:
1623:
1594:
1573:
1502:
1485:
1465:
1392:
1009:
976:
945:Battle of Beauport
940:
899:Despite an air of
868:
812:Battle of Carillon
804:
561:Fort William Henry
3901:Conflicts in 1759
3863:
3862:
3679:Lac-Saint-Charles
3349:978-1-55365-412-4
3343:(English version
3339:978-2-7619-2575-4
3221:978-0-06-076185-1
3193:978-0-00-728620-1
3091:978-0-0601-1152-6
3081:France in America
2775:"Hallowed Ground"
2610:, pp. 76â77.
2562:, pp. 74â75.
2466:, pp. 72â73.
2394:, pp. 58â61.
2327:www.kronoskaf.com
2081:, pp. 35â42.
2045:, pp. 10â11.
1769:Mississippi River
1612:Captain John Knox
1492:First engagements
1341:RĂ©giment de BĂ©arn
1232:Brigadier General
1196:Brigadier General
1166:Brigadier General
1090:Plains of Abraham
925:Montmorency Falls
765:Montreal campaign
717:over the fate of
667:
666:
556:Sabbath Day Point
477:
476:
358:François de Lévis
141:
140:
123:46.8015; -71.2201
89:Plains of Abraham
79:13 September 1759
3928:
3852:Native reserves:
3560:La Cité-Limoilou
3542:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3499:by Jonathan Webb
3488:
3413:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3373:
3359:Parkman, Francis
3342:
3324:
3313:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3269:
3251:
3233:
3224:
3197:
3178:
3177:
3175:
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3142:
3130:
3112:
3094:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3039:
3021:
3007:
3006:
3004:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2905:. 15 July 2017.
2895:
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2797:
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2786:
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2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2674:www.herodote.net
2666:
2660:
2654:
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2642:
2636:
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2217:
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2205:
2199:
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2169:
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2145:
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2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1910:
1907:
1898:
1895:
1816:Moulin Ă paroles
1808:Moulin Ă paroles
1765:French Louisiana
1733:Université Laval
1520:(including many
1273:American Rangers
1235:George Townshend
1063:
1022:George Townshend
960:American Rangers
850:Charles Saunders
808:Seven Years' War
690:Seven Years' War
678:Battle of Quebec
657:Thousand Islands
610:Fort Ticonderoga
600:La Belle-Famille
521:
518:
513:
503:
496:
489:
480:
479:
459:
458:
452:
400:
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337:
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327:Charles Saunders
325:
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303:
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294:George Townshend
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37:
36:
28:Battle of Quebec
3936:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3911:1750s in Canada
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3817:L'Ăle-d'OrlĂ©ans
3795:
3747:
3721:
3698:
3633:Petit Champlain
3629:Parliament Hill
3609:
3597:
3546:
3536:
3482:
3477:NFB documentary
3461:Francis Parkman
3421:
3416:
3411:
3390:
3388:
3340:
3322:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3249:
3222:
3205:
3203:Further reading
3200:
3194:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3139:Wolfe At Quebec
3128:
3110:
3092:
3069:
3067:
3060:
3037:
3012:Casgrain, H. R.
3002:
3000:
2993:
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2866:
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2854:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2834:Wayback Machine
2825:
2821:
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2806:
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2714:Wayback Machine
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2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1861:
1833:According to a
1831:
1781:
1757:Treaty of Paris
1753:were confronted
1680:
1586:
1584:Main engagement
1518:native warriors
1494:
1474:field hospitals
1457:
1408:Fort Beauséjour
1384:
1361:2nd Battalion,
1354:2nd Battalion,
1339:2nd Battalion,
1333:2nd Battalion,
1300:2nd Battalion,
1281:
1271:6 Companies of
1251:3rd Battalion,
1245:2nd Battalion,
1222:Royal Artillery
1186:Royal Artillery
1169:Robert Monckton
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1055:
1053:Order of battle
968:
792:
784:Annus Mirabilis
777:Treaty of Paris
670:
669:
668:
663:
522:
516:
511:
509:
507:
473:
472:
471:
470:
468:
462:
461:
460:
438:
436:
431:
419:
417:
396:
394:
393:
391:Roch de Ramezay
385:
383:
382:
380:Michel Langlade
374:
372:
371:
369:Louis de Vergor
363:
361:
360:
352:
350:
349:
343:
333:
331:
321:
319:
318:
310:
308:
307:
299:
297:
296:
288:
286:
285:
277:
275:
274:
272:Robert Monckton
266:
264:
263:
257:
247:
245:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
202:
200:
196:
186:
184:
180:
176:British America
170:
168:
164:
154:
152:
137:British victory
122:
120:
116:
113:
108:
105:
103:
101:
100:
99:
58:
31:
24:(block wargame)
17:
12:
11:
5:
3934:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:1759 in France
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Charlevoix-Est
3799:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3420:
3419:External links
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3396:
3374:
3355:
3338:
3325:
3320:
3303:
3286:
3271:
3252:
3247:
3234:
3225:
3220:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3179:
3167:
3152:
3143:
3131:
3126:
3113:
3108:
3095:
3090:
3075:
3058:
3040:
3035:
3022:
3008:
2991:
2976:
2959:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2920:
2890:
2864:
2838:
2819:
2817:, p. 142.
2804:
2792:
2766:
2754:
2752:, p. 142.
2742:
2740:, p. 149.
2730:
2718:
2699:Chartrand 1999
2691:
2661:
2657:Chartrand 1999
2649:
2647:, p. 363.
2637:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2598:, p. 139.
2588:
2586:, p. 151.
2576:
2572:Chartrand 1999
2564:
2552:
2543:
2541:, p. 182.
2528:
2524:Chartrand 1999
2516:
2504:
2502:, p. 148.
2492:
2480:
2478:, p. 112.
2468:
2456:
2444:
2442:, p. 359.
2432:
2430:, p. 355.
2420:
2418:, p. 356.
2408:
2406:, p. 123.
2396:
2384:
2382:, p. 125.
2378:, p. 37;
2368:
2356:
2354:, p. 160.
2344:
2311:
2278:
2276:, p. 269.
2266:
2254:
2252:, p. 353.
2242:
2240:, p. 117.
2230:
2228:, p. 121.
2218:
2216:, p. 125.
2206:
2202:Chartrand 1999
2194:
2182:
2180:, p. 181.
2170:
2168:, p. 157.
2158:
2156:, p. 201.
2146:
2134:
2122:
2120:, p. 180.
2110:
2108:, p. 103.
2095:
2083:
2071:
2069:, p. 109.
2059:
2057:, p. 345.
2047:
2043:Chartrand 1999
2035:
2031:Chartrand 1999
2023:
2021:, p. 197.
2006:
2002:Chartrand 1999
1994:
1992:, p. 199.
1982:
1980:, p. 106.
1970:
1958:
1946:
1928:
1911:
1909:Macleod p. 228
1899:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1830:
1827:
1788:Martello Tower
1780:
1777:
1679:
1676:
1585:
1582:
1493:
1490:
1456:
1453:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:Trois-RiviĂšres
1365:
1359:
1345:
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1318:
1317:
1314:
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1277:
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1177:
1159:
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1141:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1078:
1077:British forces
1075:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1014:Anse-au-Foulon
1007:Anse au Foulon
967:
964:
905:Beauport Shore
865:Dominic Serres
820:Fort Frontenac
791:
788:
665:
664:
662:
661:
660:
659:
649:
647:Sainte-ThérÚse
644:
643:
642:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
595:
589:
588:
586:Fort Frontenac
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
527:
524:
523:
506:
505:
498:
491:
483:
475:
474:
464:
463:
454:
453:
447:
446:
445:
444:
441:
440:
433:
427:
426:
422:
421:
418:1,900 regulars
414:
410:
409:
405:
404:
339:Louis Montcalm
329:
242:
241:
237:
236:
211:
210:
197:
181:
179:
178:
165:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
50:
49:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3933:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3704:Agglomeration
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3410:0-7737-3289-6
3406:
3402:
3397:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3321:0-8223-0737-5
3317:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3293:
3289:
3287:0-8020-2495-5
3283:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:0-7747-3546-5
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3195:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3170:
3168:1-85532-605-1
3164:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:1-55054-918-9
3123:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3109:0-7747-3664-X
3105:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3065:
3061:
3059:0-03-076540-4
3055:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3044:Eccles, W. J.
3041:
3038:
3036:1-85532-847-X
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3009:
2998:
2994:
2992:1-8528-5553-3
2988:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2966:
2962:
2960:0-375-40642-5
2956:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2931:
2924:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2764:, p. 84.
2763:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2679:
2676:(in French).
2675:
2671:
2665:
2659:, p. 90.
2658:
2653:
2646:
2645:Anderson 2000
2641:
2634:
2628:
2622:, p. 82.
2621:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2574:, p. 88.
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2547:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2526:, p. 86.
2525:
2520:
2514:, p. 69.
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2490:, p. 61.
2489:
2484:
2477:
2476:Casgrain 1905
2472:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2440:Anderson 2000
2436:
2429:
2428:Anderson 2000
2424:
2417:
2416:Anderson 2000
2412:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2366:, p. 55.
2365:
2360:
2353:
2352:Casgrain 1905
2348:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:Brumwell 2006
2270:
2263:
2262:Anderson 2000
2258:
2251:
2250:Anderson 2000
2246:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2204:, p. 78.
2203:
2198:
2192:, p. 50.
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2166:Casgrain 1905
2162:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2132:, p. 44.
2131:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2093:, p. 98.
2092:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2067:Casgrain 1905
2063:
2056:
2055:Anderson 2000
2051:
2044:
2039:
2033:, p. 16.
2032:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2004:, p. 69.
2003:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1968:, p. 25.
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1897:Macleod p 230
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:FLQ Manifesto
1809:
1804:
1802:
1794:, Quebec City
1793:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1671:canister shot
1667:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:Major General
1322:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:Major General
1279:French forces
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:(3 Companies)
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:Major General
1126:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1110:In reserve â
1109:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:Major General
1068:
1062:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
972:
963:
961:
956:
952:
950:
946:
937:
932:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
882:
878:
877:Ăle d'OrlĂ©ans
873:
866:
862:
857:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
801:
796:
787:
785:
780:
778:
774:
773:Great Britain
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
658:
655:
654:
653:
650:
648:
645:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
591:
590:
587:
584:
582:
581:Fort Carillon
579:
577:
576:Bernetz Brook
574:
572:
571:2nd Snowshoes
569:
567:
566:German Flatts
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:1st Snowshoes
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
519:
514:
504:
499:
497:
492:
490:
485:
484:
481:
467:
451:
442:
434:
429:
428:
423:
415:
412:
411:
406:
403:
392:
381:
370:
359:
348:
346:
340:
330:
328:
317:
306:
295:
284:
273:
262:
260:
254:
244:
243:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
209:
208:French Canada
199:
198:
194:
182:
177:
167:
166:
162:
161:Great Britain
150:
149:
144:
136:
133:
132:
127:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
82:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:Benjamin West
63:
62:
56:
51:
48:
43:
38:
33:
29:
25:
23:
3851:
3841:
3828:
3785:
3755:
3689:Loretteville
3589:
3575:Charlesbourg
3565:Les RiviĂšres
3484:
3474:
3467:
3455:
3400:
3389:, retrieved
3379:
3362:
3329:
3309:
3296:, retrieved
3276:
3257:
3238:
3229:
3211:
3183:
3172:, retrieved
3157:
3147:
3138:
3117:
3099:
3080:
3068:, retrieved
3048:
3026:
3016:
3001:, retrieved
2981:
2969:, retrieved
2949:
2940:Bibliography
2932:, p. 48
2929:
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2902:
2893:
2883:24 September
2881:. Retrieved
2867:
2857:24 September
2855:. Retrieved
2841:
2822:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2728:, p. 83
2721:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2673:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2584:Hibbert 1959
2579:
2567:
2555:
2546:
2519:
2507:
2500:Hibbert 1959
2495:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2326:
2302:. Retrieved
2293:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2226:Hibbert 1959
2221:
2214:Hibbert 1959
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2149:
2142:Hibbert 1959
2137:
2125:
2113:
2091:Hibbert 1959
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1941:the original
1931:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1750:
1746:Quiberon Bay
1725:
1706:
1697:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1639:James Murray
1632:
1624:
1609:
1606:
1595:
1578:
1574:
1549:
1545:
1503:
1486:
1466:
1440:William Howe
1437:
1425:
1393:
1377:2 field guns
1358:(deep order)
1347:
1346:
1320:
1319:
1316:2 field guns
1293:
1292:
1282:
1258:
1257:
1227:
1226:
1199:James Murray
1191:
1190:
1161:
1160:
1124:
1123:
1101:
1096:British Army
1095:
1094:
1080:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1010:
989:Bougainville
981:
977:
966:Preparations
957:
953:
941:
898:
869:
840:
834:and General
832:de Vaudreuil
805:
799:
781:
754:
727:
677:
673:
671:
619:
605:Fort Niagara
439:350 captured
344:
316:James Murray
305:William Howe
258:
146:Belligerents
59:
45:Part of the
32:
21:
3835:Quebec (TE)
3684:Saint-Ămile
3544:Quebec City
3487:(1924 film)
3214:, Rutgers,
3027:Quebec 1759
2539:Eccles 1969
2452:Eccles 1972
2404:Eccles 1972
2337:25 February
2304:25 February
2178:Eccles 1969
2154:Eccles 1969
2118:Eccles 1969
2019:Eccles 1972
1990:Eccles 1972
1954:Eccles 1969
1849:Thomas Gray
1571:(1869â1951)
1528:), and 140
1442:with fixed
1396:Cap Diamant
1132:James Wolfe
1086:James Wolfe
1018:Cap Diamant
985:Montmorency
936:Point Levis
894:bombardment
886:Point Levis
842:James Wolfe
824:Ohio Valley
786:" of 1759.
750:musket ball
734:James Wolfe
625:St. Francis
546:Fort Oswego
536:Lake George
437:600 wounded
435:116 killed
432:600 wounded
253:James Wolfe
226:Potawatomis
121: /
22:Quebec 1759
3870:Categories
3797:Charlevoix
3694:Val-BĂ©lair
3659:Sainte-Foy
3644:Saint-Roch
3625:Old Quebec
3591:Laurentien
3298:18 October
3174:18 October
3070:18 October
3003:18 October
2971:18 October
2750:Lloyd 1959
2738:Lloyd 1959
2684:12 October
2596:Lloyd 1959
2380:Lloyd 1959
2238:Lloyd 1959
2106:Lloyd 1959
1978:Hayes 2002
1881:References
1761:New France
1738:laid siege
1537:irregulars
1533:volunteers
1412:streambank
1294:Right Wing
1228:Left Flank
1162:Right Wing
1102:En potence
1028:Sutherland
911:, Colonel
881:fire ships
872:James Cook
861:fire ships
816:Louisbourg
719:New France
635:2nd Quebec
630:Sainte-Foy
620:1st Quebec
430:58 killed
109:71°13âČ12âłW
106:46°48âČ05âłN
97:New France
3756:See also:
3674:Cap-Rouge
3649:Maizerets
3614:Districts
3593:(defunct)
3391:24 August
3371:608153555
2785:1 January
2762:Reid 2003
2726:Reid 2003
2703:mausoleum
2635:, p. 186
2620:Reid 2003
2608:Reid 2003
2560:Reid 2003
2512:Reid 2003
2488:Reid 2003
2464:Reid 2003
2392:Reid 2003
2376:Reid 2003
2364:Reid 2003
2190:Reid 2003
2130:Reid 2003
2079:Reid 2003
1966:Reid 2003
1924:Snow 2009
1709:Saunders'
1678:Aftermath
1627:28th Foot
1557:gristmill
1552:horseshoe
1420:Vaudreuil
1400:Cap Rouge
1348:Left Wing
1259:Colonials
1125:Main Line
1026:HMS
993:Cap-Rouge
901:defeatism
890:artillery
767:, France
541:Fort Bull
416:3,400 men
283:John Knox
3822:Portneuf
3726:Enclaves
3580:Beauport
3552:Boroughs
3385:archived
3361:(1884),
3292:archived
3137:(1959),
3064:archived
3046:(1969),
3014:(1905),
2997:archived
2965:archived
2907:Archived
2903:BBC News
2877:Archived
2851:Archived
2830:Archived
2779:Archived
2710:Archived
2678:Archived
2331:Archived
2298:Archived
1859:See also
1771:and the
1721:pack ice
1541:regulars
1470:Saunders
1444:bayonets
1368:Montréal
1307:Montréal
997:Beauport
917:redoubts
846:officers
836:Montcalm
790:Overview
742:Canadian
652:Montreal
615:Beauport
408:Strength
218:Maliseet
84:Location
3855:Wendake
3743:Wendake
3664:Sillery
3492:YouTube
2913:15 July
1530:Acadian
1514:cavalry
1510:militia
1382:Landing
1374:Militia
1313:Militia
1046:opiates
923:to the
859:French
806:As the
775:in the
715:Britain
702:plateau
698:theatre
345:†
259:†
222:Abenaki
214:Mi'kmaq
3712:Quebec
3654:Vanier
3407:
3369:
3347:
3336:
3318:
3284:
3265:
3245:
3218:
3190:
3165:
3124:
3106:
3088:
3056:
3033:
2989:
2957:
1829:Trivia
1779:Legacy
1643:swords
1524:under
1508:, and
1455:Battle
1428:convoy
1416:Coulée
1414:, the
1323:under
1321:Centre
1311:Québec
1230:under
1194:under
1192:Centre
1164:under
1127:under
828:Indian
738:column
723:Canada
711:France
682:French
341:
255:
234:Wendat
193:France
190:
158:
134:Result
93:Quebec
3459:, by
3267:60356
1522:Odawa
1071:1759.
800:circa
769:ceded
730:siege
531:Frogs
230:Odawa
3405:ISBN
3393:2017
3367:OCLC
3345:ISBN
3334:ISBN
3316:ISBN
3300:2020
3282:ISBN
3263:OCLC
3243:ISBN
3216:ISBN
3188:ISBN
3176:2020
3163:ISBN
3122:ISBN
3104:ISBN
3086:ISBN
3072:2020
3054:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3005:2020
2987:ISBN
2973:2020
2955:ISBN
2915:2017
2885:2018
2859:2018
2787:2020
2686:2018
2339:2020
2306:2020
1851:'s â
1835:myth
1602:47th
1600:and
1598:43rd
1398:and
1370:and
1309:and
802:1776
713:and
672:The
76:Date
3789:in
3490:on
1700:by
3872::
3631:,
3627:,
3351:)
3290:,
3062:,
2995:,
2963:,
2901:.
2875:.
2849:.
2807:^
2705:.
2672:.
2531:^
2329:.
2325:.
2314:^
2296:.
2292:.
2281:^
2098:^
2009:^
1914:^
1902:^
1888:^
1775:.
1690:.
1543:.
1451:.
1092:.
1012:L'
896:.
852:.
779:.
725:.
684::
95:,
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3793::
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2917:.
2887:.
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2789:.
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680:(
502:e
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488:v
30:.
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