66:
2186:
at the right time and location. However, battlespace agility is not solely focused on speed; it also underscores the importance of executing actions in the most efficient manner possible to achieve the desired impact on the system. Fundamental to this concept is the recognition that battlespace agility relies on the quality of situational awareness and a comprehensive understanding of the battlespace, which in turn drives the renewed emphasis on the value of military intelligence.
2137:") to a multi-dimensional system of systems understanding (a battlespace). This system of systems understanding implies that managing the battlespace has become more complex, primarily because of the increased importance of the cognitive domain, a direct result of the information age. Today, militaries are expected to understand the effects of their actions on the operational environment as a whole, and not just in the military domain of their operational environment.
2190:
decision-making and enhancing the overall effectiveness of targeting efforts. Battlespace agility finds its origins within the broader field of
Command & Control (C2) research, specifically the exploration of C2 agility by NATO. However, it specifically addresses agility within the domain of war-fighting, thus aligning with the principles of effects-based thinking, system of systems analysis, and the competing Observe Orient Decide Act (
2214:(ISR) system. It is another methodical concept used to gain information about the operational area—the environment, factors, and conditions, including the status of friendly and adversary forces, neutrals and noncombatants, weather and terrain—that enables timely, relevant, comprehensive and accurate assessments. It has become an effective concept for
2229:(ISR) system. It serves as a systematic concept employed to gather pertinent information regarding the operational area, encompassing various aspects such as the environment, factors, and conditions. These include the status of friendly and adversary forces, as well as neutrals and noncombatants, weather patterns, and the terrain.
2365:
They are normally designated along terrain features easily recognizable on the ground. An important point on maneuver control graphics: staffs must be knowledgeable regarding the different maneuver control measures and their impact on clearance of fires. For instance, boundaries are both restrictive
2293:
Joint intelligence preparation of the battlespace (JIPB) is the analytical process used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence assessments, estimates and other intelligence products in support of the joint force commander's decision-making process. It is a continuous process that
2185:
Battlespace agility, in the context of war-fighting, encompasses the ability of a military organization to rapidly convert knowledge into actionable strategies that yield desired outcomes within the battlespace. It emphasizes the need to outperform the opposing forces by executing appropriate actions
2164:
This shift to a "New
Battlespace" implies that traditional barriers, such as vast distances, oceans, and legal constraints, no longer present insurmountable obstacles. Consequently, emerging domains allow for the weaponization of nearly anything, turning the entire globe into a competitive arena for
2369:
It should be reminded of the effect on clearance of fires if subordinate maneuver units are not given zones or sectors (i.e. no boundaries established). Since boundaries serve as both permissive and restrictive measures, the decision not to employ them has profound effects upon timely clearance of
2391:
No-fire area (NFA) is a designated area which no fire support may be delivered for fires or effects. When the establishing headquarters allows fires on a mission-by-mission basis. When a friendly force is engaged by an enemy located within the NFA and the commander returns fire to defend their
2206:
that holds significant value for joint component and force commanders, aiding them in predicting potential courses of action before deploying troops into a designated area of operation (AO). It relies on the utilization of intelligence preparation assets, which play a critical role in supporting
2160:
However, as economies and technologies have advanced, the methods by which countries and militaries compete and conduct warfare have also changed. In the information age, the tangible domains of land, sea, and air remain constant, but the emergence and prominence of cyber operations, outer space
2168:
These changes do not indicate a fundamental alteration in the nature of war between the Old and New
Battlespaces; rather, they underscore the continuously evolving character of war due to changes in economies, technologies, and military strategies. "New Battlespace" poses complex challenges for
2373:
The higher echelon may coordinate all clearance of fires short of the
Coordinated Fire Line (CFL), a very time-intensive process. It allows the unit to maneuver successfully and to swiftly and efficiently engage targets. It requires coordination and clearance only within that organization.
2321:, and human dimensions of the environment and to determine an opponent's capabilities to operate in each. JPIB products are used by the joint force and component command staffs in preparing their estimates and are also applied during the analysis and selection of friendly courses of action.
2189:
A central aspect of battlespace agility is the capacity of intelligence analysts and operational planners to perceive the battlespace and their targets as interconnected networks. This perspective facilitates a shared and more accurate understanding of the situation, thereby enabling faster
2176:
mindset, particularly when it comes to defending one's homeland. Addressing these challenges requires a nuanced understanding of the evolving battlespace and the ability to adapt military structures and strategies to effectively compete and defend against adversaries in the information age.
2384:—Restrictive control that is established in conjunction with a host nation to preclude damage or destruction to a national asset, population center, or religious structure. Its key role is the protection of an element of tactical importance, such as a fuel storage area.
2350:), marked by imaginary boundary lines used by commanders to designate the geographical area for which a particular unit is tactically responsible. It is usually established on identifiable terrain to help aid in hasty referencing for better lateral advantage in the
2400:—Permissive control that gives the maneuver commander the liberty to announce and engage fire support at their will, unless it otherwise is restricted by a higher echelon. In most cases, a commander will deny the use of Fire Support Coordinating Measures (FSCM).
2387:
Restrictive fire area (RFA) is an area with specific restrictions and in which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters, or higher echelon; occasionally, it may be established to operate
2284:
The database is then analyzed in detail to determine the impact of the enemy, environment and terrain on operations and presents it in graphic form. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace is a continuing and crucial process to successful warfare.
2425:
that are used for shaping a situation on the battlefield, gaining the military advantage for the commander. It forecasts the elimination of the enemy's capability by fighting in a coherent manner before deploying determine-sized forces.
2533:
2211:
2277:(IPB) is an analytical methodology employed to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, and terrain for all types of operations. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace builds an extensive
2403:
There are free-fire areas (FFA) which fire support can commence without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters. Normally, it is established on identifiable terrain by division or higher
2093:. It includes the environment, timeframe and other factors, and conditions that must be understood to successfully apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission. This includes
2294:
includes defining the total battlespace environment; describing the battlespace's effects; evaluating the adversary; and determining and describing adversary potential courses of action.
2226:
2165:
state and non-state actors. In this context, everyone becomes a participant in global contestation, whether willingly or not, as anything and everything can be utilized as a weapon.
2545:
2161:
activities, civil society engagement, and social media usage have elevated the significance of intangible realms in both kinetic and non-kinetic forms of warfare.
2157:
can be described as the "Old
Battlespace," characterized by clearly defined and discernible battlefield lines in the tangible domains of land, sea, and air.
2133:
For many years, the understanding of the military operational environment has transformed from primarily a time and space-driven linear understanding (a "
2811:
2576:
2783:
2435:
2207:
commanders to maintain a heightened state of awareness regarding recent, ongoing, and forthcoming events within their battlespace.
989:
2790:
1421:
2225:
Battlespace awareness is a comprehensive approach rooted in the acquisition and comprehension of knowledge obtained through the
2601:
2476:
2757:
2743:
2729:
2715:
2701:
2687:
2673:
2172:
The internet, deep interdependencies, and hyper-connectivity present difficulties for armies that are structured around an
2552:
1777:
65:
1972:
1750:
360:
2771:
2659:
1426:
1504:
2392:
forces, the amount of return fire should not exceed that sufficient to protect the force and continue the mission.
2625:
1849:
1487:
1274:
114:
1613:
2838:
2030:
1477:
31:
2828:
1967:
666:
426:
27:
2804:
2359:
1977:
1164:
961:
832:
370:
2833:
2636:
1441:
2366:
and permissive; corridors are restrictive, while routes, axis, and directions of attack are neither.
2203:
2090:
1551:
1059:
403:
277:
131:
2117:
2002:
1869:
1416:
1109:
922:
770:
2450:
2254:
1955:
1937:
1693:
1252:
1174:
1119:
999:
712:
375:
2505:
2416:
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rather than take place in separate battlespaces under the domain of individual armed services.
2219:
1822:
1797:
1519:
1431:
1304:
1179:
775:
752:
198:
97:
2257:. This military doctrine reflects that in the future, military operations will be merged into
2455:
2343:
2274:
2250:
1411:
1344:
1297:
946:
909:
872:
790:
742:
626:
436:
244:
153:
2222:
in successfully projecting, or protecting, a military force, and/or completing its mission.
2215:
1802:
1704:
1561:
1556:
1374:
1339:
1074:
889:
747:
683:
537:
507:
104:
19:
This article is about modern military strategy. For the 1993 science fiction wargame, see
8:
2440:
2070:
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1514:
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158:
82:
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1987:
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1524:
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126:
2767:
2753:
2739:
2725:
2711:
2697:
2683:
2669:
2655:
2570:
2347:
2149:
has led to a corresponding transformation in the ability to engage in warfare in the
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2051:
2023:
1932:
1879:
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1720:
1715:
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1309:
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1214:
1189:
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1049:
1019:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
899:
852:
822:
661:
454:
431:
365:
2334:
Maneuver control measures are the basic preliminary step in effective clearance of
1992:
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2314:
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1997:
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87:
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2173:
2154:
2146:
2105:
2074:
2066:
1982:
1730:
1154:
1114:
1092:
1079:
1069:
1039:
951:
904:
707:
698:
589:
542:
522:
512:
482:
449:
337:
294:
249:
121:
54:
2822:
2799:
Joint
Synthetic Battlespace: Cornerstone for Predictive Battlespace Awareness
2590:
Joint
Synthetic Battlespace: Cornerstone for Predictive Battlespace Awareness
2355:
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2086:
2078:
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217:
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109:
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2016:
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1812:
1757:
1391:
1386:
1209:
1124:
867:
601:
502:
299:
203:
2128:
2806:
Battlespace
Digitization - Coping With Uncertainty In The Command Process
2626:
U.S. Field Manual 6-20-40; Appendix E: Fire
Support Coordinating Measures
2134:
1927:
1678:
1643:
1482:
1169:
1134:
842:
785:
688:
193:
188:
20:
2785:
Marine Corps
Doctrinal Publication (MCDP) 1-0: Marine Corps Operations'
2445:
2318:
1884:
1854:
1576:
940:
2506:"The New Battlespace is Here: The American Homeland is No Longer Safe"
2140:
2339:
2191:
1874:
1698:
1648:
1598:
1588:
1583:
1448:
1239:
1234:
1199:
636:
322:
289:
178:
2666:
The Weaponisation of Everything: A Field Guide to the New Way of War
2281:
for each potential area in which a unit may be required to operate.
2354:
of fire support, normally orchestrated by a higher echelon of the
2302:
2278:
2210:
It is based around its knowledge and understanding obtained by the
2098:
2059:
1889:
1864:
1497:
1129:
1104:
717:
272:
146:
2637:
DEATH FROM ABOVE: I MEF's use of Marine TACAIR during Desert Storm
2113:
2109:
1899:
1859:
1623:
1457:
1453:
795:
780:
656:
317:
312:
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221:
183:
1406:
802:
619:
355:
2421:
Battlespace shaping is a concept involved in the practice of
2310:
877:
413:
408:
2523:(1985) C2 Agility: a tutorial and review of SAS-085 Findings
173:
168:
2680:
Old and New Battlespaces: Society, Military Power, and War
2306:
2298:
46:
2264:
2202:
Battlespace awareness (BA) is a principle derived from
2145:
The evolution of competition and conflict during the
2120:
within the operational areas and areas of interest.
2813:
Challenges for Joint Battlespace Digitization (JBD)
2738:. Royal Danish Defense College Publishing House.
2724:. Royal Danish Defense College Publishing House.
2696:. Royal Danish Defense College Publishing House.
2288:
2820:
2752:.Royal Danish Defense College Publishing House.
2710:.Royal Danish Defense College Publishing House.
2237:Battlespace digitization is designed to improve
2534:Mitchell, Agile Sense-Making in the Battlespace
2212:intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
2153:. The concept of thinking and fighting in the
2024:
2227:intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance
2275:Intelligence preparation of the battlespace
2269:
2232:
16:Military concept of a universal battlefield
2031:
2017:
2436:List of command and control abbreviations
2792:Achieving Dominant Battlespace Awareness
2750:Comprehensive Approach Capacity Building
2249:, ubiquitous command and control (UC2),
2197:
990:List of military strategies and concepts
2652:War X: Human Extensions in Battle-space
2503:
2324:
2821:
2575:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2410:
2377:They affect fire support in two ways:
2180:
2678:Matisek, J. and Jayamaha, B. (2022).
2602:"DOD - Battlespace Awareness defined"
2370:fires at the lowest possible level.
2265:Battlespace intelligence preparation
2766:. University Press of the Pacific.
2329:
2297:The process is used to analyze the
2129:From "battlefield" to "battlespace"
13:
2644:
14:
2850:
2777:
2504:Matisek, Jahara (8 April 2022).
64:
2764:Dominant Battle-space Knowledge
2736:Battle-space Agility in Helmand
2654:. University of Toronto Press.
2630:
2169:strategists and policymakers.
2141:From "Old" to "New" Battlespace
2619:
2594:
2583:
2538:
2527:
2516:
2510:War Room (US Army War College)
2497:
2486:
2467:
2289:Joint intelligence preparation
1:
2461:
2241:effectiveness by integrating
32:Battleground (disambiguation)
2050:is a term used to signify a
28:Battlefield (disambiguation)
7:
2429:
1488:Military–industrial complex
962:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
2855:
2414:
2123:
2054:which integrates multiple
25:
18:
2722:Battle-space Intelligence
2668:. Yale University Press.
2220:unconventional operations
1552:Loss-of-strength gradient
404:Combat information center
2708:Battle-space Agility 201
2694:Battle-space Agility 101
2493:Military Jargon Database
2270:Intelligence preparation
2233:Battlespace digitization
2118:electromagnetic spectrum
1870:Military science fiction
1355:Technology and equipment
771:List of military tactics
26:Not to be confused with
2451:Network-centric warfare
2255:network-centric warfare
1938:Wartime sexual violence
1694:Full-spectrum dominance
1505:Supply-chain management
2650:Blackmore, T. (2005).
2474:Battlespace definition
2417:Area of responsibility
1850:Awards and decorations
1823:Peace through strength
1798:Low-intensity conflict
1432:Conscientious objector
1305:Area of responsibility
2748:Mitchell, W. (2008).
2734:Mitchell, W. (2012).
2720:Mitchell, W. (2012).
2706:Mitchell, W. (2013).
2692:Mitchell, W. (2013).
2664:Galeotti, M. (2022).
2456:Psychological warfare
2415:Further information:
2344:naval gunfire support
2198:Battlespace awareness
2063:theatre of operations
437:Torpedo data computer
427:Ship gun fire-control
2839:Military terminology
2325:Battlespace measures
2239:military operational
1968:Military occupations
1803:Military engineering
1705:Unrestricted Warfare
1562:Force multiplication
455:Military manoeuvrers
2829:Command and control
2441:Command and control
2411:Battlespace shaping
2204:military philosophy
2181:Battlespace agility
1654:Penal military unit
1639:Rules of engagement
1315:Command and control
935:Operations research
399:Director (military)
389:Fire-control system
159:Command and control
40:Part of a series on
2762:Owens, W. (2002).
2479:2008-06-18 at the
1763:Counter-insurgency
1684:Command of the sea
1629:Jewish laws on war
1604:Geneva Conventions
1140:Divide and conquer
930:Military operation
895:Tactical objective
394:Fire-control radar
371:Electronic-warfare
2834:Military strategy
2758:978-87-91421-52-5
2744:978-87-987720-5-7
2730:978-87-987720-6-4
2716:978-87-7147-018-5
2702:978-87-7147-006-2
2688:978-1-62637-996-1
2682:. Lynne Rienner.
2674:978-0-300-25344-3
2348:close air support
2307:maritime/littoral
2243:weapons platforms
2052:military strategy
2041:
2040:
1933:Horses in warfare
1880:Anti-war movement
1783:Gunboat diplomacy
1773:Disaster response
1721:Philosophy of war
1716:Principles of war
1689:Deterrence theory
1634:Right of conquest
1557:Lanchester's laws
1325:Principles of war
1015:Counter-offensive
995:Military campaign
900:Target saturation
823:Counterinsurgency
432:Gun data computer
366:Close air support
328:Aircraft carriers
2846:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2604:. Archived from
2598:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2551:. Archived from
2550:
2542:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2471:
2423:maneuver warfare
2360:operations staff
2330:Maneuver control
2259:joint operations
2033:
2026:
2019:
1788:Humanitarian aid
1726:Security dilemma
1547:Power projection
1330:Economy of force
1310:Chain of command
1025:Defence in depth
1010:Commerce raiding
828:Defeat in detail
164:Defense ministry
68:
59:
58:
49:
37:
36:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2819:
2818:
2780:
2647:
2645:Further reading
2642:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2584:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2546:"Archived copy"
2544:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2487:
2481:Wayback Machine
2472:
2468:
2464:
2432:
2419:
2413:
2332:
2327:
2315:electromagnetic
2291:
2272:
2267:
2247:sensor networks
2235:
2200:
2183:
2151:information age
2143:
2131:
2126:
2037:
2008:
2007:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1845:
1835:
1834:
1808:Multilateralism
1793:Law enforcement
1753:
1743:
1742:
1711:Just war theory
1669:
1659:
1658:
1609:Geneva Protocol
1579:
1569:
1568:
1542:
1532:
1531:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1370:
1360:
1359:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1175:Network-centric
1095:
1085:
1084:
987:
977:
976:
925:
915:
914:
863:Rapid dominance
768:
758:
757:
713:Electromagnetic
622:
612:
611:
598:
551:
499:
475:
465:
464:
460:Combat training
441:
418:
384:Combat systems:
380:
342:
338:Auxiliary ships
304:
264:
260:Military police
226:
149:
139:
138:
78:
52:
51:
50:
45:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2795:
2788:
2779:
2778:External links
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2174:industrial age
2155:industrial age
2147:industrial age
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2122:
2106:infrastructure
2091:military goals
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2660:0-8020-8791-4
2657:
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2608:on 2008-06-18
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2558:on 2013-12-12
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947:Expeditionary
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818:Counterattack
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743:Psychological
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679:Combined arms
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518:Fortification
516:
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333:Landing craft
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218:Standing army
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110:pike and shot
108:
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44:
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33:
29:
22:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2763:
2749:
2735:
2721:
2707:
2693:
2679:
2665:
2651:
2632:
2621:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:the original
2596:
2585:
2560:. Retrieved
2553:the original
2540:
2529:
2518:
2509:
2499:
2488:
2469:
2420:
2397:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2336:fire support
2333:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2273:
2251:intelligence
2236:
2224:
2216:conventional
2209:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2144:
2132:
2102:armed forces
2065:, including
2056:armed forces
2048:battle-space
2047:
2043:
2042:
1943:Fifth column
1923:War resister
1918:Women in war
1813:Peacekeeping
1758:Arms control
1703:
1392:Mobilization
1387:Conscription
1345:Intelligence
1298:Organization
939:
868:Encirclement
748:Radiological
684:Conventional
538:Subterranean
472:
445:Development:
444:
421:
383:
345:
308:Naval units:
307:
300:Signal corps
267:
245:Intelligence
230:Specialties:
229:
154:Organization
105:Early modern
2382:Restrictive
2303:terrestrial
2135:battlefield
2089:to achieve
2087:outer space
2071:information
2044:Battlespace
1928:War studies
1751:Non-warfare
1679:Appeasement
1644:Martial law
1483:War economy
1422:Transgender
1375:Recruitment
1135:Containment
1020:Culminating
1000:Anti-access
923:Operational
843:Envelopment
786:Air assault
667:Air cavalry
627:Air defence
607:Information
508:Cold-region
473:Battlespace
422:Historical:
268:Land units:
194:Space force
189:Coast guard
122:Late modern
83:Prehistoric
21:BattleSpace
2823:Categories
2612:2006-07-05
2562:2013-12-05
2462:References
2446:Fog of war
2398:Permissive
2362:sections.
2319:cyberspace
2116:, and the
1988:War crimes
1978:Operations
1885:Foot drill
1855:Battle cry
1768:deterrence
1427:Harassment
1402:Specialism
1225:Technology
1220:Succession
1165:Liberation
1100:Asymmetric
1035:Empty fort
941:Blitzkrieg
910:Withdrawal
873:Investment
652:Camouflage
647:Biological
585:Underwater
560:Amphibious
479:Aerospace
346:Air units:
323:Submarines
132:fourth-gen
127:industrial
115:napoleonic
2340:artillery
2194:) loops.
1875:War novel
1778:Grey-zone
1738:War games
1699:Overmatch
1649:War crime
1599:Desertion
1589:Ceasefire
1584:Armistice
1471:Logistics
1449:Mercenary
1437:Volunteer
1368:Personnel
1340:Engineers
1285:Sociology
1240:World war
1235:Total war
1215:Strategic
1205:Religious
1190:Political
1185:Perpetual
1160:Irregular
1075:Offensive
1050:Defensive
1045:Deception
1005:Attrition
853:Guerrilla
848:Formation
791:Airbridge
723:Loitering
637:Artillery
290:Artillery
240:Engineers
208:Irregular
179:Air force
2571:cite web
2477:Archived
2430:See also
2279:database
2099:friendly
2060:military
2058:for the
1890:War song
1865:War film
1498:Materiel
1417:Children
1397:Training
1335:Medicine
1320:Doctrine
1275:Training
1210:Resource
1195:Princely
1145:Economic
1130:Conquest
1125:Colonial
1120:Cold war
1105:Blockade
985:Strategy
957:Maneuver
718:Infantry
674:Chemical
528:Mountain
488:Airborne
351:Fighters
318:Warships
273:Infantry
199:Reserves
147:Military
2352:science
2311:spatial
2124:Concept
2114:terrain
2110:weather
2003:Writers
1998:Weapons
1963:Battles
1912:Related
1900:Wargame
1895:Uniform
1843:Culture
1624:Perfidy
1619:Justice
1540:Science
1525:Outpost
1478:History
1458:Warrior
1454:Soldier
1442:foreign
1380:counter
1280:Service
1230:Theater
1170:Limited
1150:Endemic
1065:Nuclear
833:Foxhole
808:Cavalry
796:Airdrop
781:Airlift
766:Tactics
738:Nuclear
728:Missile
657:Cavalry
642:Barrage
620:Weapons
580:Surface
361:Command
356:Bombers
313:Frogman
283:Cavalry
255:Medical
222:Militia
204:Regular
184:Marines
98:castles
88:Ancient
76:History
55:outline
2770:
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2346:, and
2338:(e.g.
2299:aerial
2253:, and
1983:Sieges
1667:Theory
1407:Morale
1265:Policy
1260:Branch
1040:Mosaic
1030:Fabian
972:Covert
905:Trench
890:Screen
813:Charge
803:Battle
776:Aerial
694:Denial
662:Horses
590:Seabed
543:Tunnel
523:Jungle
513:Desert
483:Aerial
2556:(PDF)
2549:(PDF)
2483:, DoD
2095:enemy
2083:cyber
1956:Lists
1412:Women
1350:Ranks
1270:Staff
1200:Proxy
1115:Class
1070:Naval
1055:Depth
885:Swarm
878:Siege
858:Naval
838:Drone
733:Music
708:Robot
704:Drone
689:Cyber
632:Armor
602:Cyber
575:Green
570:Brown
533:Urban
493:Space
414:Radar
409:Sonar
278:Armor
235:Staff
213:Ranks
2768:ISBN
2754:ISBN
2740:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2712:ISBN
2698:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2670:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2577:link
2218:and
2192:OODA
2097:and
2085:and
2075:land
1993:Wars
1510:Base
1060:Goal
967:Raid
565:Blue
503:Land
174:Navy
169:Army
2079:sea
2067:air
2046:or
1577:Law
1520:FOB
1515:MOB
555:Sea
47:War
30:or
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2573:}}
2569:{{
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