202:
209:
401:. Cain is said to have fled from his father, married a princess whom he met at a well, and was involved with metalworkers. Most of the heroes of Genesis met their wives at sacred wells or springs. Abraham married Keturah at the Well of Sheba (Beersheva). Issac (Yitzak) found a wife at a well in Aram. Moses encountered his wife at a well sacred to the Midianites and won her hand after he delivered the women and flocks from Egyptian raiders.
190:
woman, owner of the house
Bayajidda was staying in, informed the queen that her guest had slayed it, after which Daurama summoned Bayajidda. Having presented the snake's head, proving to her that he was the one who had slain Sarki, he turned down the offer of half the town, instead requesting her hand in marriage; she married him out of gratitude for slaying the serpent.
134:. Later, when the king attacked and took over several towns, he tricked his new son-in-law into leaving his own men to guard the towns, thereby decreasing the number of men Bayajidda had at his disposal. Bayajidda realized that he was being tricked when he had only his wife and one slave left; during the night, they fled to Garun Gabas, now situated in the
182:) guarded the well and that the people were only allowed to draw water once a week. Bayajidda set out for the well and killed the serpent with the sword and beheaded it with the knife the blacksmiths had made for him, after which he drank the water, put the head in a bag, and returned to the old woman's house. (The
37:", said to be a great snake which deprived her people of access to water. By the Queen of Daura, Bayajidda had a son called Bawo, another called Biram by the Borno princess, and yet another son, Karbagari, by his Gwari paramour. Bawo is said to have succeeded his father and had six sons who became the rulers of
305:
festival consisted in the re-enactements of the major details of the legend: departure from Iraq, slaying of the snake in the well and marriage between the hero and the queen. The royal sword and the knife are still believed to have been those ones used for the slaying of the snake and the cutting of
338:
There are a variety of views on the
Bayajidda story, with differing opinions on the meaning and historicity of the tale. Some scholars suppose that Bayajidda is a historical person, the founder of the Seven Hausa states, and contemporary Hausa royals - especially those in Daura and Zaria (Zazzau) -
189:
The next day, the people of Daura gathered at the well, wondering who had killed the snake; Magajiya
Daurama, the local queen, offered sovereignty over half the town to whoever could prove that he killed the snake. Several men brought snake heads forth, but the heads did not match the body. The old
129:
Once in Borno, tales differ as to what caused tension with the local king. According to one story, Bayajidda realized his forces were stronger than those of the king; because of this, he planned to overthrow him. However, the king heard of the plot and, after consulting with his advisors, gave
141:
However, according to another version of the story, Bayajidda was welcomed into Borno, married
Magaram and became popular among the people. Because of this, the king envied him and plotted against him; upon being informed of this by his wife, he fled Borno with her.
271:. (Some versions of the tale leave Bawo and Magaram out entirely, with Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria being the sons of Bayajidda and Daurama). Karbagari's descendants, meanwhile, founded the seven "illegitimate" states, the
416:
Bayajidda's story inspired a comic book adaptation titled "Bayajidda: An
African Legend" adapted/written by Claude Opara and drawn by Ibrahim Yakubu under the 'An African Legend' comic series. The comic was published in 2018 using the popular
33:. Bayajidda came first to Borno where he was given one of the Mai's daughters as a wife, and then later lived for a while in Hausa land where he married the Queen of Daura, who also gave him a Gwari mistress as a reward for slaying "
288:
The different figures of the
Bayajidda narrative were embodied by precise officials of the former Daura kingdom: the king represented Bayajidda, the official queen mother Magajiya Daurama and the official royal sister Bagwariya.
227:
Because it was against the custom of the people of Daura for their queens to marry, Daurama made a compromise with
Bayajidda and said she would only have sexual intercourse with him later; because of this, she gave him a
201:
232:
named
Bagwariya. (According to the oral palace version of the legend, Daurama gave him Bagwariya because she wanted to break her "queenly vow to remain a virgin," but had to undergo rituals to do so.)
379:, suggests that Bayajidda's stay in Borno prior to arriving in Hausaland is "perhaps a folk memory of origins on the Borno borderland, or a reflection of Borno political and cultural dominance."
314:
The
Bayajidda legend is widely known at the courts of the "Seven Hausa" kings where it is considered to correspond to the oldest known history of Hausaland. As already observed by the traveller
259:
Throughout his life, Bayajidda is said to have fathered three children with three different women. Bawo fathered six of his own sons, whose names were Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and
811:
275:. The Hausa kingdom began as seven states founded by the Bayajidda legend and the six sons of Bawo and himself, in addition to the hero's son Ibrahim of an earlier marriage.
118:) and son of King Abdullahi, but he was exiled from his home town after Queen Zidam, also known as Zigawa, had conquered the city. Once he left Baghdad, he traveled across
884:
For a photo of the king Bashir with the two weapons see Dierk Lange, "Das kanaanäisch-israelitische
Neujahrsfest bei den Hausa", in: M. Kropp and A. Wagner (eds.),
138:
region. While there, Magaram gave birth to Bayajidda's first child, Biram, the eponymous ancestor of the petty kingdom of Gabas-ta-Biram ("east of Biram").
538:
26:: Bàyā̀jiddà) was, according to the legends surrounding most West African states before the 19th century, the founder of the Hausa states.
819:
737:
700:
408:, Gawain Bell suggests that the marriage of Bayajidda and Daurama signals a "change from a matriarchal to a patriarchal system."
150:
Bayajidda left his wife and child in Garun Gabas and continued on to the village of Gaya near Kano - which others believe to be
1059:
912:
1055:
673:
969:
851:
672:
Yahaya, Ibrahim Yaro (1988). "Some Parallels in Unofficial Islamic Beliefs in Near Eastern and Hausa Folk Traditions".
1005:
952:
612:
587:
555:
371:. According to this theory, the Hausa states would have been founded by Kharijite refugees in the tenth century CE.
499:
399:
1095:
1035:
1065:
758:
636:
398:
Biblical Anthropologist, Alice C. Linsley, maintains that Bayajidda's closest biblical counterpart is Cain
170:), where he entered a house and asked an old woman for water. She informed him that a serpent named Sarki (
1085:
1031:
247:. This worried Daurama, and when she had a son of her own (also fathered by Bayajidda), she named him
69:" or the "Hausa 7". However, Karbagari the son of the Gwari mistress had seven sons too who ruled
995:
847:
1100:
942:
263:. Together with Biram, the son of Magaram, these seven went on to rule the seven "legitimate"
387:
One view is that the story of the marriage of Bayajidda and Daurama symbolizes the merger of
272:
268:
8:
486:
1049:
729:
792:
775:
Bivins, Mary Wren (1997). "Daura and Gender in the Creation of a Hausa National Epic".
708:
704:
532:
473:
465:
1001:
948:
608:
583:
551:
491:
The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions
477:
436:
372:
216:
Map of Nigeria's main linguistic groups, as of 1979 (Hausa and Fulani are in yellow).
784:
457:
841:
318:
the basic division between the Seven Hausa and the Seven Banza is used among the
65:, which was ruled by the son of Bayajidda and of the Borno Princess, formed the "
679:
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418:
340:
319:
315:
264:
244:
175:
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82:
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392:
167:
364:
123:
86:
105:
229:
151:
54:
208:
796:
360:
186:
where this is said to have happened is nowadays a tourist attraction.)
159:
516:
Dynamique sociale et appréhension du monde au sein d'une société hausa
469:
356:
421:
style. A French translation was later released the following year.
131:
448:
Hallam, W. K. R. (1966). "The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore".
913:"1914 and Nigeria's Existential Crisis: A Historical Perspective"
634:
368:
111:
74:
62:
42:
30:
292:
260:
183:
135:
119:
46:
339:
trace their lineage to and draw their authority from him (see
145:
309:
219:
163:
155:
78:
70:
50:
38:
235:
Bagwariya had a son fathered by Bayajidda and she named him
388:
343:). By contrast, others claim that Bayajidda never existed.
179:
130:
Bayajidda his daughter, Magaram (also known as Magira), in
115:
58:
840:
Johnston, H. A. S. (1967). "Hausaland and the Hausas".
607:. Great Britain: George allen & Unwin. p. 14.
582:. Great Britain: George Allen & Unwin. p. 14.
106:
The hero's departure from Baghdad and his stay in Borno
193:
110:
According to the legend, Bayajidda was a prince from
1046:(Includes audio file of pronunciation of Bayajidda.)
363:
Berber rebel), whose followers fled southwards from
351:
W. K. R. Hallam argues that Bayajidda represents a "
283:
493:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 145-155.
509:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 138–174.
433:Travel and Discoveries in North and Central Africa
367:after Yazid's defeat by and death at the hands of
1064:English translation of the palace version of the
1000:. Lester Crook Academic Publishing. p. 290.
635:Abdurrahman, Alasan; transcribed by Dierk Lange.
484:
1077:
523:Palmer, Herbert R. (1928). "Bayajidda-Legende".
435:. Vol. 1–3. New York: Harper and Brothers.
93:which are referred to in this tradition as the "
1054:Hausa language version of the Bayajidda tale:
812:"Zaria: Men's world previously ruled by women"
162:make him a knife. He then came to the town of
605:West African History For the Certificate year
580:West African history for the certificate year
550:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
293:Re-enactment during the Gani/Mawlūd festival
254:
947:. Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
505:. In Bruder, Edith; Parfitt, Tudor (eds.).
146:Arrival in Daura and slaying of the serpent
29:Most accounts say that Bayajidda came from
1029:
537:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
518:(in French). Paris: Institut d'ethnologie.
430:
411:
310:Repercussions on other regional traditions
809:
972:. Harmatan Leathers, Ltd. Archived from
961:
839:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
500:"The Bayajidda legend and Hausa history"
97:" or "Seven Less than the Hausa Bakwai"
970:"The Hausa Tanners of Northern Nigeria"
940:
630:
628:
626:
624:
565:
527:. Vol. 3. Lagos. pp. 132–146.
513:
1078:
1050:Map showing Bornu and the Hausa Bakwai
944:A History of African Societies to 1870
910:
803:
774:
671:
637:"Oral version of the Bayajidda legend"
522:
447:
377:A History of African Societies to 1870
243:which means "he snatched the town" in
122:with numerous warriors and arrived in
833:
740:from the original on 17 February 2007
656:
602:
545:
497:
382:
333:
16:Legendary founder of the Hausa states
993:
621:
577:
322:to distinguish between the northern
100:
987:
904:
854:from the original on 6 January 2007
768:
722:
693:
346:
13:
931:Hallam, "Bayajidda legend," 47-60.
194:Relationship with Magajiya Daurama
14:
1112:
1023:
810:Archibong, Maurice (2004-09-23).
395:tribes in North and West Africa.
297:Formerly the celebrations of the
284:Social embeddedness of the legend
278:
967:
911:Ochonu, Moses Ebe (2004-05-29).
207:
200:
934:
925:
891:
878:
865:
678:. pp. 1–24. Archived from
644:Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa
424:
1036:Xavier University of Louisiana
777:African Languages and Cultures
751:
596:
571:
450:The Journal of African History
1:
431:Barth, Heinrich (1857–1859).
888:, Frankfurt/M, 1999, p. 140.
251:which means "give it back".
7:
1072:, Dettelbach 2004, 289-296.
941:Isichei, Elizabeth (1997).
843:The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
114:(the capital of modern-day
10:
1117:
1030:Rotondo-McCord, Jonathan.
675:al-Ma'thurat al Sha'biyyah
222:is indicated by a red dot.
158:-, where he had the local
789:10.1080/09544169708717810
603:S. O., Aigbokhai (1975).
462:10.1017/S002185370000606X
330:side of the River Niger.
255:Two groups of descendants
578:S. O, Aigbokhai (1971).
507:Studies in Black Judaism
848:Oxford University Press
546:Smith, Michael (1978).
412:In literature and media
355:" of the supporters of
166:(located in modern-day
61:. These, together with
757:Palace version of the
1096:Legendary progenitors
994:Bell, Gawain (1989).
514:Nicolas, Guy (1975).
498:Lange, Dierk (2012).
997:An Imperial Twilight
566:Notes and references
548:The Affairs of Daura
487:Kirk-Greene, Anthony
406:An Imperial Twilight
353:folk personification
886:Schnittpunkt Ugarit
822:on 31 December 2006
485:Hogben, S. J. and;
705:University of Iowa
383:Symbolical history
334:Historical meaning
1086:African mythology
968:Lamb, Malcolm J.
875:, 176-183, 221-9.
711:on 6 January 2007
404:In his 1989 book
373:Elizabeth Isichei
359:(a tenth-century
326:and the southern
101:His hero's legend
1108:
1070:Ancient Kingdoms
1066:Bayajidda legend
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818:. Archived from
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763:Ancient Kingdoms
759:Bayajidda legend
755:
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218:The location of
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1024:External links
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341:Kano Chronicle
335:
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95:Kannai Bakwai
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40:
36:
32:
27:
25:
21:
1069:
1039:. Retrieved
1011:. Retrieved
996:
989:
978:. Retrieved
974:the original
963:
943:
936:
927:
916:. Retrieved
906:
898:
893:
885:
880:
872:
867:
856:. Retrieved
842:
835:
824:. Retrieved
820:the original
815:
805:
780:
776:
770:
762:
753:
742:. Retrieved
733:
724:
713:. Retrieved
709:the original
695:
684:. Retrieved
680:the original
674:
647:. Retrieved
643:
604:
598:
579:
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524:
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506:
490:
456:(1): 47–60.
453:
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432:
425:Bibliography
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397:
386:
376:
365:North Africa
352:
350:
337:
327:
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298:
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273:Banza Bakwai
269:Hausa Bakwai
265:Hausa states
258:
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171:
149:
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128:
109:
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67:Hausa Bakwai
66:
34:
28:
19:
18:
1032:"Bayajidda"
901:, I, 470-1.
783:(1): 1–28.
184:Kusugu Well
160:blacksmiths
1080:Categories
1068:in Lange,
1041:2006-12-20
1013:2007-03-15
980:2006-12-20
918:2006-12-23
858:2006-12-20
826:2006-12-21
761:in Lange,
744:2007-01-20
715:2006-12-20
686:2006-12-21
649:2006-12-20
441:1298561489
306:its head.
154:in modern
816:Daily Sun
533:cite book
478:162668066
361:Kharijite
357:Abu Yazid
241:Karbagari
230:concubine
178:word for
81:, Jukun,
20:Bayajidda
873:Kingdoms
852:Archived
765:, 293-4.
738:Archived
734:ngex.com
489:(1966).
369:Fatimids
132:marriage
1060:Part II
899:Travels
897:Barth,
871:Lange,
797:1771812
701:"Hausa"
320:Songhay
174:is the
112:Baghdad
75:Zamfara
43:Katsina
31:Baghdad
1058:&
1056:Part I
1004:
951:
795:
611:
586:
554:
476:
470:179458
468:
439:
393:Berber
299:Mawlūd
267:, the
261:Zazzau
136:Hadeja
120:Africa
83:Ilorin
47:Zazzau
1091:Hausa
793:JSTOR
640:(PDF)
503:(PDF)
474:S2CID
466:JSTOR
328:gurma
324:hausa
245:Hausa
239:, or
220:Daura
176:Hausa
172:sarki
164:Daura
156:Niger
124:Borno
91:Yauri
79:Gwari
71:Kebbi
63:Biram
57:and
51:Gobir
39:Daura
35:Sarki
24:Hausa
1002:ISBN
949:ISBN
609:ISBN
584:ISBN
552:ISBN
539:link
437:OCLC
391:and
389:Arab
303:Gani
249:Bawo
180:king
152:Gaya
116:Iraq
89:and
87:Nupe
59:Rano
55:Kano
785:doi
458:doi
301:or
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