Bears Ears National Monument

499:—all of which have ancestral ties to the region. The establishment of a co-management program between the US Government and Tribal governments represents a monumental shift in government-tribe relations. The cooperation between tribes, tribal leaders and their governments, and the BLM/USFS with tribal governments represents a shift towards more authentic community consent-based land management. There are few other examples of co-management programs and Bears Ears has the potential to serve as a model for expanding this type of management. This program was made possible in large part by Indigenous activists advocating for their right to be involved in the decision-making process surrounding their ancestral lands. The Women of Bears Ears is one example of this advocacy. The Bears Ears Inter-Tribal coalition is made up from one member of each of the five tribes. The coalition worked on a land management plan for the monument that is representative of each of the tribes interests. Each leader took the plan back to their respective tribal governments to get approval for the plan to move forward. 1013:, opposes the designation of the Bears Ears National Monument. He supports repealing or shrinking the designation. Following the release of the draft, the BEITC pulled out of discussions citing that it was inadequate and a scaled-down version of their original plan. The Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance called Bishop's July 2016 UPLI the "worst piece of wilderness legislation that’s been introduced in Congress since passage of the 1964 Wilderness Act." In 2016, the SUWA stated that the UPLI "promote fossil fuel development, motorized recreation, and control of public resources by the State of Utah, and include unprecedented provisions that would limit federal land managers’ ability to manage public lands for the protection of natural and cultural resources". 1049: 1304: 876: 452: 610: 1174:, also a Republican, stated that "By significantly restricting access to a large portion of public lands in Utah, the President weakens land management capabilities and fails to protect those the Antiquities Act intended to benefit", and announced that he planned a lawsuit regarding the issue. A lawsuit against the FBI and BLM for its "heavy-handed and overzealous" looting raid in 2009, was rejected in February 2017 but "remains a point of contention for people in , many of whom are also frustrated by the creation of the nearby Bears Ears National Monument." Utah politicians, including Senator 87: 112: 1025:

the hundreds of archaeological sites in the area. This incident became an "early flashpoint in the struggle over control of public lands in the western United States." Included among those arrested were a mathematics teacher, a brother of the county sheriff, and a prominent physician and his wife. Three people committed suicide following the raid. From May 2014 to April 2015, there were reports of more than a dozen cases of "serious looting," ranging from "small-scale theft to ancestral remains being tossed around when graves are plundered."

940: 925:, the Utah Public Lands Initiative was described as a "locally driven initiative" to bring resolution to some of the "most challenging land disputes in the State of Utah". The initiative is "rooted in the belief that conservation and economic development can coexist to make Utah a better place to live, work, and visit". SUWA participated in negotiations with Bishop and Chaffetz and their team "to try and find a compromise that would provide lasting protection for Utah’s ... public lands". 1187: 704: 1482:, an outdoor retailer, has also sued over the reduction of Bears Ears, December 5, 2017. Patagonia, like others in the outdoor recreation industry, has been outspoken against the Trump administration actions, posting on its website a message reading, "The president stole your land. In an illegal move, the president just reduced the size of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monuments. This is the largest elimination of protected land in American history." 1106: 1324:’s office sent a map with reduced monument boundaries to Interior Department officials. Those proposed new boundaries were mostly incorporated into the actual reduction. National monuments have been reduced by previous presidents, but not since 1963 and never to such a large degree. Legal scholars argued that the reduction is not authorized by law. The monument's reduction was seen as a victory for Republican officials and energy companies with mining leases for 443:, though the State of Utah owns about 109,100 acres within the original monument's boundaries, while 12,600 acres are privately owned. These state-owned and privately owned lands are not part of the national monument, and will not be unless they are acquired in voluntary sales to the federal government. The designation of the monument does not affect the rights of landowners in or adjacent to the monument's boundaries to access or use their property. 772: 365: 119: 94: 70: 460: 1358:

impacted about 2.5 percent of the total land area of the monument" and that they didn't ask for the 85% reduction. In March 2021, the company stated that it did not hold any claims in the monument and that media reports claiming they held properties in the monument were based on a clerical error. As of April 2021 Energy Fuels expected to produce rare earth elements, needed for various clean energy and advanced technologies.

1581: 910:, the largest reservation in the United States, extending into the states of Utah, Arizona and New Mexico and covering over 27,000 square miles (70,000 km). The Navajo Nation and San Juan County signed a Memorandum of Understanding to "identify conservation areas, set aside wilderness, propose mineral zones, and pursue economic development opportunities." 1414:(and four administration officials) – filed December 7, 2017 by 11 environmentalist and conservationist groups who argue that "Only Congress—not the President—has the power to revoke or modify a national monument. President Trump’s proclamation purporting to dismantle Bears Ears National Monument exceeded his authority and is unlawful." The plaintiffs are the 1151:, a member of the Navajo Nation, said "At the end of the day, there's only a certain place in this entire world, on earth, where we as indigenous peoples belong. And to be able to secure that, you can't put any money value on it." The establishment of the monument was also praised by the Mormon Environmental Stewardship Alliance. 1357:

mine mill in the U.S. near the monument's original boundaries via their subsidiary Energy Fuels Resources. The company, along with other mining firms, had lobbied hard for the reduction. Energy Fuels states that they asked the Trump Administration for only minor boundary adjustments that "would have

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which gave presidents the power "to create national monuments — a kind of second-tier national park—when federal land contains objects that are threatened by outside forces or which are especially deserving of emergency protection" in "recognition of the enduring power and dignity emanating from

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set aside and reserve, subject to any valid existing rights, as the Navajo National Monument, within the Navajo Indian Reservation, two tracts of land containing one hundred and sixty acres each, and within which are situated prehistoric ruins known as "Betata Kin" and "Keet Seel," respectively, and

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After the pullout from Utah, Colorado attempted to become the host of upcoming Outdoor Retailer shows. The organization Colorado Conservation put advertisements in Utah papers stating, "We have stronger beer. We have taller peaks. We have higher recreation. But most of all we love our public lands."

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Bears Ears has been regularly looted and vandalized for many years. In 2009, FBI and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) agents raided 16 homes in Blanding, following a two-year federal investigation and the indictment of 24 people for stealing, receiving or trying to sell Native American artifacts from

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In 2010, the Utah Diné Bikéyah (UDB) began working on a draft to be sent to "elected officials who were compiling a land-use bill". The UDB draft was endorsed by "all seven Chapter Houses in Utah." "Dine", which means "people", is the name Navajo people traditionally and historically use to refer to

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hereby set aside as the Navajo National Monument...between the parallels of latitude thirty-six degrees thirty minutes North, and thirty-seven degrees North, and between longitude one hundred and ten degrees West and one hundred and ten degrees forty-five minutes West...together with forty acres of

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that would codify the Trump administration's reduction of Bears Ears National Monument by creating two new national monuments in the remaining areas defined by the president. The monuments would be named Shash Jáa National Monument and Indian Creek National Monument. Shash Jáa would be managed by a

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On December 4, 2017, Trump ordered an 85 percent reduction in the size of the monument, from 1.35 million acres to 201,397 acres. The boundaries were redrawn with two noncontiguous units named Indian Creek and Shash Jáa; the latter unit includes the Bears Ears buttes. Trump also reduced the size of

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The Zunis, who are descendants of both the Ancestral Pueblo and Mogollon, inhabited the deserts of Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Colorado "for a very long time". They "started irrigated cultivation of corn" 3,000 years ago. They have been in their "present location for up to 4,000 years".

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Mitochondrial DNA analysis of 149 turkey bones and 29 coprolites from 38 archaeological sites (200 BC–AD 1800) reveals a unique domesticated breed in the precontact Southwestern United States. ... This study points to at least two occurrences of turkey domestication in precontact North America and

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The monument has divided people in Blanding, Bluff and other Utah towns that skirt its border, and some members of families that are split on the issue have simply stopped speaking to each other. Signs reading "#rescindbearsears" stretch across gas stations and front lawns, which are strategically

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A group of volunteers called Friends of Cedar Mesa, who patrol the Bears Ears area and report incidents to the BLM, "tracked seven major incidents of looting in the Bears Ears area" in the first half of 2016, including an attempt to cut a "rock-art panel of a humanlike figure" from a cliff using a

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meaning "our ancestors". "The Hopi had always considered the land occupied by their ancestors to be theirs: bounded by the junction of the San Juan and Colorado rivers in the north, the Arizona-New Mexico state line in the east, the Mogollon and Zuni rim on the south and the San Francisco peaks to

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There are over 100,000 archaeological sites protected within the monument. The buttes and surroundings have long been held as sacred or significant by a number of the region's Native American tribes. In their proposal to have Bears Ears designated as a national monument, the Bears Ears Intertribal

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On October 8, 2021, President Biden restored the original 2016 boundaries of Bears Ears National Monument, retaining 11,000 acres (4,500 ha) that Trump had added, for a total protected area of 1.36 million acres. The Bureau of Land Management will increase staffing and funding to protect the

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On January 9, 2018, members of the Tribes of the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition testified against the bill with Shaun Chapoose, a member of the Ute Indian Tribe and Utah Business Committee, stating "Congressman Bishop’s contempt for the United States government-to-government relationship with

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called it "one of the greatest vanishing acts documented in human history" in which the San Juan region "became almost instantly a ghost land." A "monster drought" destabilized the region in the 1200s, and Mesa Verde became overcrowded. When a second drought hit in the late 1200s, the mass exodus

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Republican leaders reacted to the designation of the monument with disappointment. Some researchers and observers said that it was possible that president-elect Donald Trump or other Republicans might make an attempt to withdraw the designation and abolish the monument, though there was no clear

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and Bears Ears National Monument. The "ancestral lands of Bears Ears lie outside reservation boundaries" but "hold special historical and spiritual significance for regional Native people". The Utah Tribal Leaders Association began regular discussions on land-use negotiations to "advance Native

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Prehistorically, Comb Ridge split an intensively used Ancient Puebloan homeland. It later had similar cultural—both spiritual and practical—significance to Utes, Paiutes, and Navajos and played a crucial role in the history of European American settlement. To tell the story of this rock that is

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in 2017 or subsequent years due to the Utah government's opposition to Bears Ears. Patagonia urged other retailers to join it in moving to a state that "values our industry and promotes public land conservation." On February 16, the Outdoor Retailer Market announced that, after talking to the

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The monument is in San Juan County—a county of 8,000-square-miles with a sparse population of 16,895. The federal government owns about 60% of the land in the county, and "Native Americans, the grandchildren of white settlers, corporations, environmentalists, the federal government" "jockey to

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On August 11, 2023, U.S. District Judge David Nuffer dismissed both cases, explaining that "the Antiquities Act gives the president broad authority to designate national monuments and that courts cannot second-guess that authority." The state of Utah and other parties have since appealed the

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was one of the central factors in Trump's decision to shrink the size of the Monument by approximately 47%. DOI staff were directed by Secretary Zinke in spring 2017 to calculate potential coal, oil and natural gas deposits as well as potential grazing land and timber in protected areas. They

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52-year-old James Adakai, "whose Navajo ancestors lived and hunted here for generations" described how, "We fought, we won the century-year-old fight: the monument. And now we're up for another fight. ... And everybody is against us. The Utah congressional delegation, the governor, the State

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unveiled a draft legislation entitled Utah Public Lands Initiative Act (UPLI), a bill to "provide greater conservation, recreation, economic development and local management of Federal lands in Utah, and for other purposes". Bishop's UPLI draft bill provided protections for 1,100,000 acres

666:)—a one-mile wide and 80-mile long "dramatic geologic fold" with some of the best-preserved cliff dwellings—Ancestral Puebloans lived in the "alcoves and grew corn" from about AD 900 to 1350. They relied heavily on domesticated corn, beans, and squash and a domesticated breed of turkey ( 745:. However, many Utah Navajos were able to stay in southern Utah by hiding in canyons. The history of these Navajo "differs somewhat from that of other Navajos due to years of their interactions with Utes and Paiutes as well as Mormon and non-Mormon settlers, ranchers, and traders". 932:—in partnership with the All Pueblo Council of Governors, Friends of Cedar Mesa, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, the Conservation Lands Foundation, and others—added Bears Ears to its National Treasures program. In 2016, the National Trust included Bears Ears on its annual 355:

on December 4, 2017, reduced the monument by 85% to 201,876 acres (315 sq mi; 817 km)—an unprecedented and exceptionally large reduction in the history of U.S. national monuments. President Joe Biden restored the territory removed by Trump on October 8, 2021.

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governor, it would no longer schedule its annual trade show in Utah (as it has done for 20 years) due to the Utah government's opposition to Bears Ears National Monument. The Outdoor Retailer show has 50,000 visitors and generates $ 45 million in local spending annually.

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wrote that the president's decision will "protect this land as a national monument for future generations of Navajo people and for all Americans", while collaborative land management provisions "strengthened the relationship between our Navajo and American nations."

4634: 670:). In the Pueblo II period, they "construct reservoirs, checkdams, and farming terraces in an effort to capture and conserve water for agricultural use." By c. 1250, the San Juan home of the Ancient Puebloans was "one of the most populous parts of North America." 1782: 1122:, whose great-grandfather arrived in Bears Ears in 1879, criticized the designation as a "land grab", "equating the monument designation to grand theft". Lyman was concerned the Monument designation would "lock him and his neighbors out of their own backyards". 1399:

Three separate federal lawsuits were filed by December 7, 2017 challenging the reduction of Bears Ears National Monument. The plaintiffs include five Native American tribes, a private corporation, conservation groups, and several non-profit organizations and

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Ecological resiliency is strongest in places that are the least disturbed and most biodiverse. Bears Ears is a resilient landscape. Navajo people have a term for such places of ecological rejuvenation: we call them Nahodishgish, or "places to be left

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the Secretary shall consider: (i) the requirements and original objectives of the Act, including the Act's requirement that reservations of land not exceed 'the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be

645:, began about AD 500, followed by Pueblo II and III. The "complex cultural history" of these early farmers is visible in the remains of "single family dwellings, granaries, kivas, towers, and large villages and roads linking them together". 1210:

asking Trump to rescind the designation of Bears Ears as a national monument. There is uncertainty about the authority for a president to completely rescind a monument designated under the Antiquities Act, as it has never been done before.

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issued an interim report as requested in the Executive Order. He proposed a scaling back of the Bears Ears National Monument. On August 24, 2017, Zinke delivered a final report to Trump. The report called for the reduction of Bears Ears,

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began to occupy the Bears Ears area. They left behind "baskets, pottery, and weapons". These are the ancestors of the Hopi and Zuni people who "moved from foraging to farming about 3,500 years ago". Archaeological sites of prehistoric

1078:, surrounding Mancos Mesa; Raplee Anticline, and "most of Lime Ridge between Mexican Hat and Comb Ridge." Their omission from the boundaries represented a "significant" concession to those who opposed the monument's designation. 1472:—against Trump and four administration officials. The plaintiff tribes argue that Trump's significant reduction in Bears Ears National Monument infringes on Congress's power in violation of the constitutional principles of 1345:' documents revealed extensive lobbying on the part of uranium companies—such as Canada's Energy Fuels, which included maps submitted in May to Zinke that marked areas the uranium companies "wanted removed from the monument". 1039:

and "Tread Lightly!" launched their "Respect and Protect Campaign" in response to educate the public on protection of petroglyphs, pictograms, dinosaur bones and tracks, among many of the other fragile features in Bears Ears.

954:, who had a "long history of working on the Colorado Plateau", began working with BEITC on a "pro bono basis as senior advisor" soon after its formation. Wilkinson had drafted the 1996 presidential proclamation creating the 4624: 4992: 4874: 1352:

claims are located inside the original monument boundaries, with the large majority of those claims being located outside the reduced boundaries. Energy Fuels, a U.S. uranium producer, operates the only uranium and

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Indian tribes and the legislative process in his own Committee was on full display during the hearing." The bill would have effectively negated any legal challenges to the reduction. The bill died in committee.

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On December 28, 2016, President Obama proclaimed the 1,351,849 acres (547,074 ha) Bears Ears National Monument, including the eponymous buttes and the surrounding landscapes, using his authority under the

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hunting, in which Americans would loot artifacts from archaeological sites or abandoned dwellings and then sell them on the illicit market." Bears Ears has been looted and vandalized over a number of decades.

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described how a "historic coalition of Native American Tribes" requested for the Bears Ears National Monument designation to "provide them with co-management authority to protect their ancestral homelands".

2471:"As such, contemporary Native Americans are effectively direct descendants of the people who made and used Clovis tools and buried this child. In agreement with previous archaeological and genetic studies." 4436: 2216: 950:

In July 2015, representatives from the Hopi, Navajo, Ute Mountain Ute, Pueblo of Zuni, and Ute Indian Tribe formed the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition (BEITC). Professor Charley Wilkinson from the

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strongly endorsed Bennett but he was denied a place on the primary ballot by the 2010 Utah State Republican Convention. With Senator Bennett forced out of office, the draft was not submitted.

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reported that reactions to the monument's designation ranged "from scathing to celebratory" within the state. The designation was praised by the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition (BEITC) of

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cliff dwellings dated to more than 3,500 years ago have been discovered in the region, just some of the estimated 100,000 archaeological sites protected within the monument. The Comb Ridge

3111:"Two New National Monuments Created in Utah and Nevada: Bears Ears and Gold Butte protect more than 1.6 million acres in all. Conservationists are delighted—but conservatives are outraged" 2703:"The greatest vanishing act in prehistoric America: Seven centuries ago, tens of thousands of people fled their homes in the American Southwest: Archaeologists are trying to work out why" 1234:

On February 21, 2017, the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance announced that it would begin a statewide television advertisement campaign to build support for Bears Ears National Monument.

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as the host city for both the winter and summer Outdoor Retailer shows. In 2022, Outdoor Retailer announced the trade show would be returning to Salt Lake City for 2023 through 2025.

5316: 3874:"Obama's Environmental Legacy, in Two Buttes: The Bears Ears National Monument captures much of what made President Obama inspiring to his supporters—and frustrating to his critics" 4988: 4219: 2547: 1501:

Sixteen national monuments were reduced in 18 separate acts by previous presidents, but not by any president since 1963. The largest previous reduction by acreage was President

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reported that there was an estimated 11.36 billion tons of recoverable coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau, which represents "one of the largest coal deposits" in the country. The

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Robert S. McPherson, who is known for his books on Navajos and the Four Corners, described depictions of lightning, arrowheads, wind, snakes, and bears in the rock formations.

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There are legal trails for off-road vehicle use. Over the years "irresponsible off-road vehicle use" has damaged "both the natural landscape" and archaeological sites.

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as "a million and a quarter acres of staggering desolation between the San Juan and Colorado rivers, a vast triangle of land that even today is not completely mapped."

551:(USFS) manages 289,000 acres. Of the 201,876 acres of the revised monument designation, the BLM oversaw approximately 169,289 acres and the USFS managed 32,587 acres. 2047: 1487: 1473: 1387:

council of seven members, including four from Native American tribes, while Indian Creek would be managed by a council of five with just one Native American member.

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In 2011, the UDB "engage politically" representing Utah Navajos in the "early stages of the Public Lands Initiative process (PLI)". They published a book entitled

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The area within the monument is largely undeveloped and contains a wide array of historic, cultural and natural resources. The monument is co-managed by the

836:(BLM) agents—"the nation’s largest investigation of archaeological and cultural artifact thefts"— in Blanding, a small town on Bears Ears eastern boundary. 4791: 4765: 4381: 3901: 3571: 3461: 1811: 1669: 1566: 1461: 492: 318: 4503: 5496: 1052:

Presidential Proclamation 9558 of December 28, 2016, by President Obama, established Bears Ears National Monument. The proclamation was published in the

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that rise to elevations over 8,900 feet (2,700 m) and 9,000 feet (2,700 m), which is more than 2,000 feet (610 m) above Utah state routes

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names for the buttes have the same meaning in each of the languages represented in the region. The names are listed in the presidential proclamation as "

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and the Butler Wash Archaeological District National Register site, while other such areas that were no longer within monument boundaries including the

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One of the early catalysts for securing monument status for Bears Ears was the June 10, 2009, joint raid called Operation Cerberus Action conducted by

5184: 4743: 1254:"requirement that reservations of land not exceed 'the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.'" 7029: 6164: 4923: 4193: 4106: 2607:; Kemp, Brian M.; Wyatt, Scott D.; Monroe, Cara; Lipe, William D.; Arndt, Ursula M.; Yanga, Dongya Y. (December 28, 2009). Flannery, Kent V. (ed.). 7084: 5446: 5302: 4975: 4935: 4598: 4327: 4123:

Outdoor Retailer Summer Market will be held as scheduled in Salt Lake City July 26–29, 2017...considering all our options after Summer Market 2017.

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published maps and descriptions of the ridge. In 1880, 230 Mormon pioneers—the San Juan Mission expedition—followed the 200 mi (320 km)-

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signed an executive order calling for a review of the reduction of the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase–Escalante monuments. In early April 2021,

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by presidential proclamation on December 28, 2016. The monument protects 1,351,849 acres (2,112.264 sq mi; 5,470.74 km) of

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The BEITC was not represented at the July 27, 2016, Senate field hearings on the potential impacts of large-scale monument designations.

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The intertribal coalition had proposed to include several areas that did not make it into the final monument designation like the

1003:(450,000 ha) through several smaller wilderness areas and two national conservation areas. According to a December 29, 2016, 6185: 5989: 5849: 5341: 4135: 1419: 1258: 3003:"Bears Ears a go — but here's where Obama drew the line: The designation's concessions are unlikely to appease ardent opponents" 6680: 6672: 6301: 5994: 5929: 5824: 5601: 5581: 5561: 5441: 5381: 4858: 1423: 1266: 555: 4963: 3754: 3052:"Obama Conserved 1.3 Million Acres in Utah—Can Trump Undo That? No president has shrunk a national monument in half a century" 906:

In 2012, the Utah Diné Bikéyah (UDB)—Navajoland—officially formed as an organization. The UDB spent 2012 in meetings with the

6999: 6929: 6456: 6428: 6283: 6157: 5250: 3606: 2132: 1132: 476: 271: 227: 2544: 606:", have been found there. One of the oldest known archaeological sites with Clovis tools in Utah is Lime Ridge Clovis Site. 7004: 6934: 6924: 6842: 6306: 6173: 5914: 5106: 4467: 3701: 1075: 1074:(also called the Blue Mountains); the lower reach of Allen Canyon; Black Mesa; a "large, arcing strip of land" next to the 967: 852: 536: 5048: 1958: 782:

In the 1930s, the area that is now Bears Ears National Monument, was included in an unsuccessful proposal to establish an

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culture dating 3,000 to 2,000 ago, contained a large number of baskets used for storage of corn and for burial. The pre-

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obtained following a successful lawsuit, gaining access to potential coal reserves in the Grand Staircase–Escalante's

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deposits, and a defeat for environmentalists and Native American tribes. According to Interior Department emails that

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Waters, Michael; et al. (2007). "Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for the Peopling of the Americas".

2022:"Tribes and the feds will try to co-manage a national monument for the first time. Here's what that could look like" 7064: 6914: 6423: 6377: 6260: 6150: 6014: 5984: 5681: 5546: 5506: 4080:"Largest outdoor gear show abandons Salt Lake City after 20 years to protest Utah Republicans' conservation stance" 2073: 1762: 1557:

filed by a mining company and recreationalists, seek to overturn the reaffirmed original boundaries and attack the

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Between the "mid-1200s and 1285" "nearly 30,000 people disappeared" from the San Juan region and resettled in the

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Linford, Laurence D. Navajo Places: History, Legend, Landscape, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT 2000

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Coalition (BEITC) described the 1.9 million acres (7,700 km) on the southeastern Utah canyonlands

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The monument includes the area around the Bears Ears formation and adjacent land to the southeast along the

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Paleontology of the Bears Ears National Monument: history of exploration and designation of the monument.

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control it and its history". The monument's year 2016 territory makes up about 30% of the county's area.

856: 783: 734: 5005: 4588: 2242:(Press release). Hopi Tribe, Navajo Nation, Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, Pueblo of Zuni, and Ute Indian Tribe 917:

announced the establishment of the Utah Public Lands Initiative (UPLI). In a report prepared by Bishop,

685:. They suddenly walked away from their home, leaving behind cooking pots and baskets. A 2015 article in 6760: 6642: 6532: 6507: 6484: 6443: 6245: 6217: 6207: 5964: 5939: 5741: 5491: 5476: 5456: 5391: 5260: 4301: 3365: 1375: 922: 749: 630: 3324: 2929: 1565:

dismissal, but no such challenge has been successful in 100 years of the Antiquity Act's history. The

6909: 6592: 6537: 6212: 6035: 5869: 5761: 4527: 4220:"Outdoor Retailer Wraps Up Summer Market, Looks Ahead to Launch of Winter Outdoor Season in November" 3784: 3390: 1932: 1649:. The Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition. Retrieved May 14, 2018. "the Bears Ears Buttes (Shash Jaaʼ)" 1036: 848: 833: 587:(SUWA) described the Bears Ears as "the most significant unprotected cultural landscape in the U.S." 554:

Some cultural special management areas remained within the reduced monument boundaries including the

544: 532: 294: 213: 4354: 2217:"Monument Management Plans for the Indian Creek and Shash Jaa Units of Bears Ears National Monument" 903:

which compiled interviews with local elders and traditionalists that they had collected since 2010.

847:

to engage in discussions on public land management of Bears Ears. San Juan County includes parts of

695:

Archaeologists and the Hopi "trace Hopi ancestry to the Ancestral Pueblo people, whom the Hopi call

7054: 6897: 6847: 6830: 6708: 6577: 6552: 6502: 6415: 6405: 6382: 6372: 6293: 5646: 3812: 3462:"Professor Wilkinson Instrumental in President Obama's Designation of Bears Ears National Monument" 2189: 1514: 840: 425: 1763:

Trump dramatically shrinks two national monuments in Utah, assailing rule by 'distant bureaucrats'

737:. In the 1860s the Navajos were forced to leave their ancestral lands in what became known as the 7099: 6647: 6572: 6052: 5726: 4843: 3607:"Utah tribes say public-lands bill 'adds insult to injury,' petition Obama to designate monument" 738: 602:, most of which is now included in the Bears Ears National Monument. Their tools, including the " 496: 322: 5022: 609: 7034: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6852: 6740: 6602: 6587: 6582: 6557: 6357: 5421: 3411: 2378: 1465: 1295:, rejected the recommendation made by Zinke to shrink Bears Ears National Monument boundaries. 1207: 951: 753: 567: 488: 414: 345: 314: 5285: 4544: 3728: 3546:"The Bears Ears National Monument: A Breakthrough for Tribal-Federal Collaboration Management" 2867: 2816: 2155: 1476:. The plaintiff tribes also argue that Trump's shrinkage violates the Antiquities Act of 1906. 6954: 6939: 6882: 6857: 6652: 6562: 6522: 6367: 5333: 5289: 4766:"The Denver Post editorial intensified a false narrative about Bears Ears and uranium mining" 3849: 3611: 3241: 2194: 1506: 1439: 1292: 1247: 1168: 1127: 844: 820:, the "act was explicitly passed to shield sites of historical or indigenous importance from 719: 243: 5279: 5205: 5006:

Patagonia, REI and Other Outdoor Retailers Protest Trump's Decision to Shrink Utah Monuments

6810: 6800: 6790: 6780: 6657: 6632: 6612: 6597: 6202: 6039: 5244: 2974: 2747: 2622: 2490: 2436: 1479: 1215: 559: 394: 373: 5294: 3545: 8: 7049: 6867: 6862: 5265: 4629: 4593: 4441: 4408:

Final Report Summarizing Findings of the Review of Designations Under the Antiquities Act

4084: 1518: 1443: 1337: 880: 634: 625: 614: 429: 390: 5079: 4872:"Heated Exchanges as Utah Lawmakers Push Bill for Vast Reduction of Bears Ears Monument" 4437:"Interior secretary recommends Trump consider scaling back Bears Ears National Monument" 4236:...filled the Colorado Convention Center in Denver for another successful Summer Market. 3494: 2626: 2494: 2440: 2174: 1537:, the first Native American Secretary of the Interior, began the onsite review process. 6944: 6872: 6795: 6699: 6334: 6222: 6056: 4738: 4498: 3932: 3678: 3246: 2645: 2608: 2514: 2457: 2422: 2307: 1997: 1510: 1442:, Grand Canyon Trust, Great Old Broads For Wilderness, Western Watersheds Project, and 1191: 1005: 979: 943: 889: 806: 406: 337: 3291: 521:

unlike any other rock in the world and the diverse people whose lives it has affected.

6607: 5776: 4707: 4670: 3521:"Proposal to President Barack Obama for the Creation of Bears Ears National Monument" 3007: 2855: 2755: 2726: 2650: 2578: 2506: 2462: 2423:"The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana" 2081: 1966: 421: 3928:"Overturning Bears Ears Is a Long Shot, But That Doesn't Mean Republicans Won't Try" 3845:"Reactions to Utah's new Bears Ears National Monument, from scathing to celebratory" 3179: 2660:

illuminates the intensity and sophistication of New World animal breeding practices.

2518: 2272: 6959: 6770: 6324: 4960: 2955: 2949:

The San Juan Country, a Geographic and Geologic Reconnaissance of Southeastern Utah

2716: 2707: 2640: 2630: 2498: 2452: 2444: 2427: 2346:

Proposal to President Barack Obama for the Creation of Bears Ears National Monument

2170: 2072:

Wilson, Elouise; Benally, Mary R.; Yepa, Ahjani; Wilson, Cynthia (April 25, 2021).

1632:. Navajo Nation Office of the President and Vice President. Retrieved May 14, 2018. 1491: 1195: 1156: 1136: 1054: 687: 594:, who are considered to be the ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of the 580: 410: 341: 2545:

Sharon Bigley, "Ancient native boy's genome reignites debate over first Americans"

1246:

to review 27 monuments of at least 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) in size through

6887: 6745: 6720: 6662: 5226: 4967: 4927: 4878: 4850: 3646: 2849: 2604: 2551: 1625: 1558: 1251: 1148: 1071: 1064: 1010: 971: 810: 653: 642: 42: 5426: 5052: 4695: 3986:"Chaffetz urges Trump to revoke Bears Ears in meeting, oversight not discussed" 3391:"Bears Ears National Monument, Utah | National Trust for Historic Preservation" 2614:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

1502: 1349: 1219: 1164: 1140: 987: 918: 790: 638: 591: 471:

The monument is co-managed by the BLM and the USFS (the Monticello Unit of the

150: 5107:"'The earth holds so much power': Deb Haaland visits sacred site Trump shrank" 4468:"'The earth holds so much power': Deb Haaland visits sacred site Trump shrank" 2156:"Power, Prayers, and Protection: Comb Ridge as a Case Study in Navajo Thought" 1619:"Partnering for a New Tomorrow: Five focus areas for tribal and state success" 1316:

by nearly 47 percent on the same day. About a month before Interior Secretary

939: 7039: 6993: 5924: 5716: 5676: 4711: 4674: 3702:"Congress moves to give away national lands, discounting billions in revenue" 2085: 1970: 1457: 1288: 1186: 1178:(R), as well as ranchers and business groups, strongly opposed the monument. 907: 888:

themselves. In 2010, Bennett became one of the most prominent targets of the

480: 440: 306: 177: 164: 60: 33: 2793:. Long-term Vulnerability and Transformation Project (LTVTP). Archived from 2635: 2533:

The Archeology of New Hampshire: Exploring 10,000 Years in the Granite State

2502: 1993:"Obama Designates Two New National Monuments, Protecting 1.65 Million Acres" 6685: 6329: 5531: 5516: 5471: 4949:

Native American tribes, conservation groups sue Trump over monument changes

4625:"Uranium firm urged Trump officials to shrink Bears Ears National Monument" 4249:"So long, Denver. Outdoor Retailer shows are headed back to Salt Lake City" 3878: 3706: 3637: 3412:"11 Most Endangered Places 2016 | National Trust for Historic Preservation" 2948: 2730: 2654: 2510: 2466: 1160: 1155:

legal mechanism for the president to do so unilaterally. Utah's Republican

959: 816: 618: 603: 352: 251: 51: 6142: 3902:"How President Obama Has Protected Our Sacred Land for Future Generations" 3364:. Offices of Rob Bishop, Jason Chaffetz, and Chris Stewart. Archived from 2108:"With protections restored, tribal council charts new path for Bears Ears" 2048:"What Indigenous leaders think about co-managing Bears Ears with the feds" 1206:

In February 2017, Utah Governor Herbert signed a resolution passed by the

814:

the earliest societies on this continent." According to a 2017 article in

703: 566:, the Sand Island Petroglyph Panel, and all but the last few miles of the 6820: 5521: 2382: 1959:"In a Return to the Land, Tribes Will Jointly Manage a National Monument" 1586: 1534: 1469: 1431: 1325: 1321: 1105: 893: 765: 761: 742: 459: 255: 7110:

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah

4663:"Oil Was Central in Decision to Shrink Bears Ears Monument, Emails Show" 4494:"Oil Was Central in Decision to Shrink Bears Ears Monument, Emails Show" 4194:"Outdoor Retailer Opens Second Year in Denver With Successful Snow Show" 3526:(Press release). The Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition. October 15, 2015 2448: 1307:

BLM map with the Indian Creek and Shash Jáa Unit boundaries (March 2018)

1218:

announced that it would not be attending the Outdoor Retailer Market in

5217: 5049:

Proclamation 873—Establishment of the Navajo National Monument, Arizona

4328:

Executive Order 13792: Review of Designations Under the Antiquities Act

4152:...taking place January 25–28, 2018 at the Colorado Convention Center . 3813:"Battle Over Bears Ears Heats Up as Trump Rethinks Its Monument Status" 3642:"Utah Representative Wants Bears Ears Gone And He Wants Trump To Do It" 1383: 1371: 1317: 1261: 1171: 1119: 999: 975: 914: 776: 757: 718:

In the early 16th century, Native American ancestral lands, now called

708: 678: 674: 649: 599: 398: 381: 369: 329: 259: 7115:

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah

3214: 2794: 1727:"Presidential Proclamation Modifying the Bears Ears National Monument" 1404:. The groups have argued that the reduction is not authorized by law. 1139:

who had led the campaign to protect the land. Navajo Nation President

543:. Of the 1.35 million acres of the original monument designation, the 5890:

Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon

5809: 5790:

Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon

5131: 4842:

John Curtis, Rob Bishop, Chris Stewart, Mia Love (December 4, 2017).

2190:"What is Bears Ears? Take a look inside Utah's new national monument" 1530: 771: 727: 433: 409:

to the south, the western part of the Manti-La Sal National Forest's

364: 340:

to the south, the western part of the Manti-La Sal National Forest's

5274: 5229: 3276: 2779:. Vol. 1. Caucasus: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 440. 2721: 2702: 1842:"Bears Ears National Monument, Indian Creek and Shash Jáa Units map" 946:, an area outside the redefined monument boundaries of December 2017 305:), along with a coalition of five local Native American tribes: the 69: 5158:"Court Dismisses Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante Lawsuits" 3962: 1394: 1379: 1354: 1175: 1043: 595: 2959: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2308:"The Public Lands Initiative is a Disaster for Utah's Wild Places" 2231: 2229: 1670:"Proclamation – Establishment of the Bears Ears National Monument" 1452:– filed December 4, 2017 by five Native American tribes—the 1088:

avoided by people who have taken to wearing pro-monument T-shirts.

5185:"Biden's National Monuments Power Set for Tenth Circuit Scrutiny" 4587:

Karklis, Laris; Berkowitz, Bonnie; Meko, Tim (December 7, 2017).

3174: 3172: 2397:"Ancient DNA Ties Native Americans From Two Continents To Clovis" 1329: 682: 463:

Bears Ears National Monument and the Dark Canyon Wilderness from

4734:"Uranium Miners Pushed Hard for a Comeback. They Got Their Wish" 4700:"Uranium Miners Pushed Hard for a Comeback. They Got Their Wish" 4589:"Areas cut out of Utah monuments are rich in oil, coal, uranium" 3755:"The BLM and Tread Lightly! Launch Respect and Protect Campaign" 3454: 2851:

Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology

2777:

International Symposium on East Anatolia-South Caucasus Cultures

1848:. Bureau of Land Management. March 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. 436:

traverses the eastern portion of the monument's Shash Jáa unit.

3959:"Obama designates two national monuments, outrages Republicans" 2848:

Gregory, David A.; Wilcox, David R., eds. (December 30, 2009).

2370: 2329: 2226: 1228: 958:. In October 2015, the BEITC submitted a proposal to President 5132:"NARF Stands Firm to Protect the Bears Ears National Monument" 4545:

Trump Slashes Size of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase Monuments

3169: 2074:"Opinion | Women of Bears Ears Are Asking You to Help Save It" 1490:

in January 2018, and in January 2020 the plaintiffs filed for

439:

The vast majority of the land within the national monument is

7120:

National Register of Historic Places in San Juan County, Utah

4461: 4459: 821: 723: 386: 263: 5098: 3729:"The potential impacts of large-scale monument designations" 3151:"Suit over artifact looting case suicide rejected on appeal" 1879:"For Native Americans, new national monument a rare victory" 1505:'s 1915 removal of 299,370 acres (121,150 ha) from the 6177: 5324: 4989:

Patagonia joins lawsuits challenging Trump's monument plans

3806: 3804: 3802: 3332: 2742: 2740: 2366: 1453: 733:

In 1848, the land was purchased from Mexico as part of the

484: 310: 247: 139: 5282:

on terrestrial monuments issued by Department of Interior.

4456: 4302:"New TV campaign launched to build support for Bears Ears" 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 892:, on the grounds that he was insufficiently conservative. 5051:(Report). The American Presidency Project. Archived from 3651: 3242:"Utah Delegates Oust Three-Term G.O.P. Senator From Race" 2923: 2921: 2365:

Bears Ears Intertribal Coalition is a partnership of the

1641:

Begaye, Russell; Nez, Jonathan; et al. (April 16, 2016).

1517:

by 90% (from about 3715 acres to 360 acres) by President

1488:

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

1242:

On April 26, 2017, the Trump administration directed the

1009:

article, Bishop, who is among those most critical of the

464: 3799: 3476: 2737: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2133:"Bears Ears National Monument | Management Partnerships" 1553:, filed by the state of Utah and two Utah counties, and 1201: 839:

In March 2009, when President Obama signed Utah Senator

4656: 4654: 4652: 4563:"Trump's national monument changes return to spotlight" 3095: 2071: 1922:"Bears Ears national Monument: Questions & Answers" 1181: 4375: 4136:"Outdoor Retailer + Snow Show 2018 Releases Floorplan" 3045: 3043: 3041: 2918: 2603: 1858:"Bears Ears National Monument, Utah - Topographic Map" 1541:

monument's resources and manage increased visitation.

1118:

Legislature, the county. They have a different plan".

764:

where they established the first Mormon settlement in

197:

1,360,000 acres (2,120 sq mi; 5,500 km)

4688: 4534:. National Park Service. Retrieved December 12, 2017. 4428: 4165:"Outdoor Retailer Summer Market 2018 Opens in Denver" 2566: 624:

Following the Clovis people—at least 2,500 years ago—

424:, the buttes and surroundings have long been held as 4649: 4586: 4528:"Antiquities Act 1906-2006: Maps, facts and figures" 3483:

The Public Land and Resources Law Review Turtle Talk

2954:(Report). UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 2421:

Rasmussen, Morten; et al. (February 13, 2014).

2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2223:. Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved May 24, 2018. 1864:. Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved May 15, 2018. 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1576: 1567:

United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

1250:. The order directed the department to consider the 510:

Bears Ears: A Native Perspective, October 2015, p.13

493:

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation

455:

Map of the original monument boundaries (March 2017)

428:

by a number of the region's Native American tribes.

319:

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation

118: 93: 5080:

Proclamation 1186—Navajo National Monument, Arizona

5077: 5046: 4818:"Energy Fuels to start rare earth recovery in Utah" 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3069: 3038: 2841: 1521:in 1912 after he established it three years prior. 325:, all of which have ancestral ties to the region. 3853:. Salt Lake City: Paul Huntsman. December 29, 2016 2940: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1887:. Boston: The Christian Science Publishing Society 1494:. The case was not yet decided at the time of the 6111:President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home 5216:Uglesich, J., Gay, R.J. and Stegner, M.A., 2017. 4435:Fears, Darryl; Eilperin, Juliet (June 12, 2017). 4380:. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from 4346: 3615:. Salt Lake City: Paul Huntsman. January 20, 2016 3538: 3425: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2254: 1718: 1691: 1652: 1513:in 1909. The largest reduction by percentage was 405:to the northeast. The monument also includes the 336:to the northeast. The monument also includes the 6991: 4976:U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 4936:U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 4618: 4616: 4561:McCombs, Brady; Brown, Mathew (March 12, 2019). 3487: 3347: 3133: 2854:. The University of Arizona Press. p. 517. 1812:"A Proclamation on Bears Ears National Monument" 1395:Legal challenges to the reduction, December 2017 1320:began his review of national monuments, Senator 1044:Designation under President Obama, December 2016 7025:United States Forest Service National Monuments 5253:— official Bureau of Land Management (BLM) site 4485: 4401: 4399: 4181:...the first summer show in the Mile High City. 3953: 3951: 3674:"Obama Designates Monuments in Nevada and Utah" 2665: 1899: 1595:List of national monuments of the United States 1361: 617:, previously known as Anasazi, centered on the 4661:Lipton, Eric; Friedman, Lisa (March 2, 2018). 4660: 4523: 4521: 4492:Lipton, Eric; Friedman, Lisa (March 2, 2018). 4491: 3632: 3630: 2746: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2291: 1067:to create national monuments by proclamation. 7075:Ancient Puebloan archaeological sites in Utah 7015:National Monuments designated by Barack Obama 6158: 5310: 4613: 4434: 4405: 4200:. Emerald Expositions, LLC. February 15, 2019 4142:. Emerald Expositions, LLC. November 16, 2017 4113:. Emerald Expositions, LLC. February 22, 2017 4029:"Patagonia to withdraw from Outdoor Retailer" 2847: 7010:Bureau of Land Management National Monuments 4580: 4560: 4396: 4325: 3948: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 2927: 2809: 2163:American Indian Culture and Research Journal 1700:"Will Bears Ears Be the Next Standing Rock?" 1524: 1237: 775:House on Fire Ruin, in upper Mule Canyon on 659: 6172: 4518: 4073: 4071: 3777:"BLM Utah Bears Ears National Monument Map" 3627: 3601: 3599: 3261: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2700: 2687: 1872: 1870: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1600:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument 1314:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument 1298: 956:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument 793:(1910–2003) described the area in his book 6165: 6151: 5317: 5303: 4932:Natural Resources Defense Council v. Trump 4864: 4537: 4171:. Emerald Expositions, LLC. August 6, 2018 3148: 2901:"The Navajo Nation's Own 'Trail Of Tears'" 1643:"Letter to Obama re Bears Ears initiative" 1561:. The tribes filed motions to intervene. 1544: 1412:Natural Resources Defense Council v. Trump 1214:In response, the outdoor clothing company 547:(BLM) oversees 1.06 million acres and the 531:The northern part of the monument borders 5286:2,000-year-old tattoo needle news article 5093:one tract of land, containing forty acres 5082:(Report). The American Presidency Project 4275:"Outdoor Retailer is moving back to Utah" 4226:. Emerald Expositions, LLC. July 11, 2019 3830: 3810: 3671: 3440:Bears Ears Inter-tribal Coalition (BEITC) 3149:Whitehurst, Lindsay (February 13, 2017). 2817:"Zuni Settlement Patterns: A.D. 950-1680" 2720: 2701:Monastersky, Richard (November 5, 2015). 2675:. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011 2644: 2634: 2456: 2420: 2153: 1990: 1735:White House Office of the Press Secretary 1678:White House Office of the Press Secretary 1635: 1611: 1486:The three suits were consolidated at the 1370:, along with fellow Utah representatives 7030:Protected areas of San Juan County, Utah 4725: 4622: 4376:Department of Interior (June 12, 2017). 4107:"Outdoor Retailer New Venue Process FAQ" 4068: 3596: 3198: 3108: 3029: 3001:Thompson, Jonathan (December 29, 2016). 3000: 2987: 2928:Maryboy, Nancy C.; Begay, David (2000). 2837:from the original on September 12, 2014. 1876: 1867: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1748: 1697: 1302: 1185: 1104: 1047: 1019: 938: 930:National Trust for Historic Preservation 874: 789:In 1943, western historian and novelist 786:of 4,000,000 acres (1,600,000 ha). 770: 702: 608: 475:), along with a coalition of five local 458: 450: 363: 284:Kwiyaghatʉ Nükavachi/Kwiyagatu Nukavachi 7085:Bureau of Land Management areas in Utah 5326:National monuments of the United States 4995:), Associated Press (December 6, 2017). 4844:"115th Congress 1st Session H. R. 4532" 4836: 4731: 4694: 4077: 4003: 3925: 3699: 3636: 3239: 2946: 2898: 2583:ears Ears Intertribal Coalition (BEITC) 2538: 1851: 1698:Williams, Terry Tempest (May 6, 2017). 1617:Begaye, Russell; Nez, Jonathan (2016). 1420:National Parks Conservation Association 707:Monarch Cave Ruin, a cliff dwelling on 6992: 5182: 5078:William Howard Taft (March 14, 1912). 5047:William Howard Taft (March 20, 1909). 4895:Tanner, Courtney (December 11, 2017). 4894: 4870:Vincent Schilling (January 11, 2018). 4859:United States House of Representatives 4299: 3899: 3672:Davenport, Coral (December 29, 2016). 3569: 3355:"Public Lands Initiative Staff Report" 3297: 3233: 2480: 2474: 2394: 2187: 2046:Oaster, B. ‘Toastie’ (July 22, 2022). 2045: 2019: 1991:Davenport, Coral (December 28, 2016). 1529:On his first day in office, President 1366:On December 4, 2017, Utah Congressman 998:On July 13, 2016, Utah Representative 6146: 5298: 5104: 4987:Brady McCombs and Michelle L. Price, 4746:from the original on February 1, 2018 4623:Eilperin, Juliet (December 8, 2017). 4465: 4352: 4026: 3965:. Associated Press. December 29, 2016 3900:Begaye, Russell (December 29, 2016). 3872:Meyer, Robinson (December 30, 2016). 3871: 3700:Hansman, Heather (January 19, 2017). 3075: 3049: 2774: 2768: 2395:Harris, Richard (February 13, 2014). 2105: 1956: 1877:Bruinius, Harry (December 29, 2016). 1830: 1724: 1667: 1202:Rescission proposition, February 2017 872:American interests on public lands". 800: 6010:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains 5860:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains 5247: — official Forest Service site 5183:Magill, Bobby (September 24, 2024). 5066:land upon which each ruin is located 4732:Tabuchi, Hiroko (January 13, 2018). 4637:from the original on January 2, 2018 4601:from the original on January 2, 2018 3983: 3936:. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Mariah Media 3926:Solomon, Chris (December 29, 2016). 3184:The Bears Ears Intertribal Coalition 3109:Isaacson, Andy (December 28, 2016). 2934:A History of Utah's American Indians 2353:The Bears Ears Intertribal Coalition 2277:The Bears Ears Intertribal Coalition 1806: 1804: 1777: 1775: 1182:Monument reduced 2017, restored 2021 1076:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 883:in the southern part of the monument 853:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 537:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 7105:National Historic Landmarks in Utah 7020:Protected areas established in 2016 6081:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad 5023:"NRDC et al. v. Trump (Bears Ears)" 4300:Schott, Bryan (February 21, 2017). 4078:Barbash, Fred (February 17, 2017). 2888:from the original on June 26, 2014. 2188:Maffly, Brian (December 28, 2016). 2175:10.17953/aicr.34.1.4036724589013702 2020:Hufham, Anastasia (March 8, 2024). 1668:Obama, Barack (December 28, 2016). 351:A proclamation issued by President 13: 7060:Landforms of San Juan County, Utah 5198: 4506:from the original on March 2, 2018 3572:"Utah Public Lands Initiative Act" 3433:"Bears Ears: A Native Perspective" 2673:"Peoples of the Mesa Verde Region" 1725:Trump, Donald (December 4, 2017). 1569:heard the case in September 2024. 14: 7131: 7070:Puebloan buildings and structures 6766:Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail 5497:Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley 5275:Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition 5238: 4406:Ryan K. Zinke (August 24, 2017). 4027:Byars, Tessa (February 6, 2017). 3984:Burr, Thomas (February 7, 2017). 3811:Turkewitz, Julie (May 14, 2017). 3076:Sharp, Kathleen (November 2015). 3050:Meyer, Robinson (June 14, 2017). 2375:Uintah and Ouray Ute Indian Tribe 2313:Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance 1801: 1772: 1428:Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance 1416:Natural Resources Defense Council 992:Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance 865:Natural Bridges National Monument 748:In the 1880s, John N. Macomb and 585:Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance 541:Natural Bridges National Monument 270:corridor rock climbing area. The 6424:Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 5206:"The Archaeology of Bears Ears." 5176: 5150: 5124: 5071: 5040: 5015: 4998: 4981: 4954: 4941: 4914: 4888: 4810: 4784: 4758: 4554: 4353:Zinke, Ryan K. (June 10, 2017). 3298:Millis, Kristin (May 22, 2013). 1579: 1407:The three federal lawsuits are: 934:America's Most Endangered Places 869:Rainbow Bridge National Monument 117: 110: 92: 85: 68: 7090:Native American history of Utah 6096:Northeast Canyons and Seamounts 4415:U.S. Department of the Interior 4369: 4326:Donald Trump (April 26, 2018). 4319: 4293: 4267: 4241: 4212: 4186: 4157: 4128: 4099: 4042: 4020: 3977: 3919: 3893: 3865: 3769: 3747: 3721: 3693: 3665: 3563: 3513: 3404: 3383: 3317: 3023: 3011:. Paonia, Colorado: Paul Larmer 2899:Burnett, John (June 14, 2005). 2892: 2783: 2752:Native Peoples of the Southwest 2597: 2557: 2525: 2414: 2388: 2210: 2198:. Salt Lake City: Paul Huntsman 2181: 2147: 2125: 2099: 2065: 2039: 2013: 1984: 1950: 1507:Mount Olympus National Monument 1436:Center for Biological Diversity 1227:In 2018, the show relocated to 556:Newspaper Rock Petroglyph Panel 240:United States national monument 5810:Camp Hale – Continental Divide 5447:Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers 5210:The SAA Archaeological Record. 4330:(Report). pp. 20429–20431 3325:"Utah Public Lands Initiative" 2868:"The Economic Origins of Zuni" 2106:Looby, Caitlin (May 2, 2022). 641:culture. The next period, the 590:As early as 13,000 years ago, 290:"—all four mean "Bears Ears". 1: 6623:Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs 6101:Pacific Remote Islands Marine 6066:Aleutian Islands World War II 5372:Belmont-Paul Women's Equality 5105:Moore, Rico (April 8, 2021). 4885:. Retrieved January 16, 2018. 4861:. Retrieved January 16, 2018. 4466:Moore, Rico (April 8, 2021). 4009:David Gelles (May 5, 2018). " 3757:. Salt Lake City. May 2, 2016 3570:Bishop, Rob (July 13, 2016). 3240:Johnson, Kirk (May 8, 2010). 1957:Traub, Alex (June 20, 2022). 1884:The Christian Science Monitor 1605: 1279:Pacific Remote Islands Marine 913:In 2013, Utah Representative 446: 126:Show map of the United States 7000:Bears Ears National Monument 5980:Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks 5622:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home 5552:George Washington Birthplace 5251:Bears Ears National Monument 5245:Bears Ears National Monument 3221:. Salt Lake City, Utah. 2016 2775:Yakar, Jak (March 1, 2015). 2317:. Salt Lake City, Utah. 2016 1929:United States Forest Service 1362:Bill proposing two monuments 1146:Arizona state Representative 1081: 982:, and the confluence of the 861:Manti-La Sal National Forest 637:culture became known as the 473:Manti-La Sal National Forest 303:Manti-La Sal National Forest 299:United States Forest Service 236:Bears Ears National Monument 228:Bears Ears National Monument 218:United States Forest Service 74:Bears Ears buttes in daytime 24:Bears Ears National Monument 7: 7005:2016 establishments in Utah 6444:National Conservation Areas 6020:Upper Missouri River Breaks 5136:Native American Rights Fund 3495:"Profile Charley Wilkinson" 2554:, Reuters, 12 February 2014 2135:. Bureau of Land Management 2112:Mongabay Environmental News 1572: 1291:, Council Delegate for the 1113:In a May 2017 interview in 1109:Indian Creek area at sunset 857:Hovenweep National Monument 784:Escalante National Monument 735:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 359: 250:, established by President 10: 7136: 7080:Ruins in the United States 6930:Escalante Petrified Forest 6485:Jurassic National Monument 6091:Military Working Dog Teams 5845:Saint Francis Dam Disaster 5702:Springfield 1908 Race Riot 5617:Little Bighorn Battlefield 5225:December 10, 2017, at the 4966:December 10, 2017, at the 4926:December 10, 2017, at the 4855:naturalresources.house.gov 3442:. October 2015. p. 16 2979:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 2355:(Report). October 15, 2015 2154:McPherson, Robert (2010). 1624:November 13, 2018, at the 750:Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden 573: 6896: 6829: 6707: 6698: 6671: 6493: 6480:Grand Staircase–Escalante 6465: 6442: 6416:National Wildlife Refuges 6414: 6396: 6348: 6315: 6294:National Recreation Areas 6292: 6274: 6231: 6193: 6184: 6129: 6033: 5955:Grand Staircase–Escalante 5868: 5775: 5747:Virgin Islands Coral Reef 5607:Katahdin Woods and Waters 5332: 4951:, CNN (December 5, 2017). 4877:January 16, 2018, at the 4849:January 17, 2018, at the 3785:Bureau of Land Management 2905:NPR All Things Considered 2550:October 16, 2015, at the 1525:Restoration, October 2021 1275:Grand Staircase–Escalante 1238:Federal review, June 2017 1037:Bureau of Land Management 879:Mountains and desert off 849:Canyonlands National Park 834:Bureau of Land Management 545:Bureau of Land Management 533:Canyonlands National Park 295:Bureau of Land Management 223: 214:Bureau of Land Management 209: 201: 193: 156: 146: 135: 79: 67: 28: 23: 6756:Fred Hayes at Starvation 6406:Desert Biosphere Reserve 6317:National Historic Trails 6106:Papahānaumokuākea Marine 5737:Tule Springs Fossil Beds 5627:Mill Springs Battlefield 5557:George Washington Carver 5280:Notice of Public Comment 4279:Outside Business Journal 4017:. Retrieved May 6, 2018. 3273:Navajo Nation Government 3030:Lavender, David (1943). 1862:blm-egis.maps.arcgis.com 1551:Garfield County v. Biden 1515:Navajo National Monument 1299:Reduction, December 2017 535:, and parts also border 7065:Rock formations of Utah 6276:National Historic Parks 5970:Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks 5920:Canyons of the Ancients 5905:Berryessa Snow Mountain 5800:Berryessa Snow Mountain 5692:Salinas Pueblo Missions 5377:Birmingham Civil Rights 5352:Alibates Flint Quarries 4355:Interim Report EO 13792 3269:"History Navajo Nation" 3219:Utah Diné Bikéyah (UDB) 2636:10.1073/pnas.0909724107 2503:10.1126/science.1137166 1545:Lawsuits, December 2022 811:Antiquities Act of 1906 583:as ancestral land. The 417:to the north and west. 348:to the north and west. 6878:Territorial Statehouse 6673:Wild and Scenic Rivers 6467:BLM National Monuments 6233:NPS National Monuments 6086:Marianas Trench Marine 5950:Grand Canyon–Parashant 5572:Grand Canyon–Parashant 5502:Florissant Fossil Beds 5422:Castillo de San Marcos 5204:Burrilio, R.E., 2017. 3499:University of Colorado 2947:Gregory, H.E. (1938). 2379:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 1647:bearsearscoalition.org 1466:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 1424:The Wilderness Society 1308: 1208:Utah State Legislature 1198: 1110: 1099: 1059: 952:University of Colorado 947: 884: 779: 768:in southeastern Utah. 754:Hole in the Rock Trail 711: 660: 657: 621: 568:Hole-in-the-Rock Trail 529: 514: 468: 456: 415:Dark Canyon Wilderness 401:formation, as well as 379:The monument is named 376: 346:Dark Canyon Wilderness 332:formation, as well as 178:37.62961°N 109.86760°W 16:Protected area in Utah 7095:Oasisamerica cultures 6915:Coral Pink Sand Dunes 6776:Jordan River OHV Park 6495:U.S. Wilderness Areas 5990:Prehistoric Trackways 5850:San Gabriel Mountains 5717:Sunset Crater Volcano 5342:African Burial Ground 5334:National Park Service 5290:The Salt Lake Tribune 5213:15, 5, pp. 9–18. 4901:The Salt Lake Tribune 3850:The Salt Lake Tribune 3612:The Salt Lake Tribune 2930:"The Navajos of Utah" 2875:Archaeology Southwest 2824:Archaeology Southwest 2748:Griffin-Pierce, Trudy 2195:The Salt Lake Tribune 2026:The Salt Lake Tribune 1440:Defenders of Wildlife 1306: 1293:Navajo Nation Council 1248:Executive Order 13792 1189: 1169:Utah Attorney General 1128:The Salt Lake Tribune 1108: 1085: 1051: 1020:Looting and vandalism 942: 878: 845:San Juan County, Utah 774: 706: 631:American southwestern 612: 518: 501: 462: 454: 426:sacred or significant 367: 6628:Pine Valley Mountain 6513:Beaver Dam Mountains 6398:Forest Service areas 5995:Río Grande del Norte 5825:Gila Cliff Dwellings 5602:John Day Fossil Beds 5582:Hagerman Fossil Beds 5562:Gila Cliff Dwellings 5382:Booker T. Washington 4883:Indian Country Today 4306:Today At Utah Policy 3733:Senate field hearing 3640:(February 5, 2017). 3371:on February 28, 2014 3121:on December 30, 2016 3082:Smithsonian Magazine 2535:, UPNE, 2006, p. 25. 2237:"Tribal Resolutions" 1733:. Washington, D.C.: 1676:. Washington, D.C.: 1474:separation of powers 1035:On May 2, 2016, the 560:Quail rock art panel 374:Utah State Route 261 183:37.62961; -109.86760 48:Kwiyaghatʉ Nükavachi 6658:Wellsville Mountain 6518:Black Ridge Canyons 6388:Uinta–Wasatch–Cache 5935:Craters of the Moon 5462:Craters of the Moon 5266:BLM interactive map 4972:Hopi Tribe v. Trump 4698:(January 3, 2018). 4630:The Washington Post 4594:The Washington Post 4567:www.sfchronicle.com 4551:(December 4, 2017). 4442:The Washington Post 4224:outdoorretailer.com 4198:outdoorretailer.com 4169:outdoorretailer.com 4140:outdoorretailer.com 4111:outdoorretailer.com 4085:The Washington Post 4056:. February 17, 2017 3552:, February 15, 2017 3464:. December 30, 2016 3115:National Geographic 2936:. pp. 264–314. 2797:on October 17, 2012 2627:2010PNAS..107.2807S 2605:Speller, Camilla F. 2531:David R. Starbuck, 2495:2007Sci...315.1122W 2489:(5815): 1122–1126. 2449:10.1038/nature13025 2441:2014Natur.506..225R 2273:"Proposal Overview" 1769:(December 4, 2017). 1519:William Howard Taft 1450:Hopi Tribe v. Trump 1444:WildEarth Guardians 1338:Kaiparowits Plateau 1244:Interior Department 1167:reacted similarly. 1058:on January 5, 2017. 805:In 1906, President 668:Meleagris gallopavo 635:Ancestral Puebloans 626:Ancestral Puebloans 615:Ancestral Puebloans 549:U.S. Forest Service 526:Robert S. McPherson 403:Indian Creek Canyon 334:Indian Creek Canyon 210:Governing body 174: / 7045:Ute (ethnic group) 6935:Frontier Homestead 6925:Edge of the Cedars 6133:Full Detailed List 5915:California Coastal 5162:Grand Canyon Trust 5138:. December 8, 2022 5010:The New York Times 5004:Christine Hauser, 4772:. January 23, 2018 4739:The New York Times 4704:The New York Times 4667:The New York Times 4549:The New York Times 4499:The New York Times 4015:The New York Times 4011:Patagonia v. Trump 3817:The New York Times 3679:The New York Times 3247:The New York Times 2830:(2): 15–16. 2008. 2078:The New York Times 1998:The New York Times 1963:The New York Times 1938:on January 1, 2017 1704:The New York Times 1511:Theodore Roosevelt 1334:The New York Times 1309: 1259:Interior Secretary 1257:On June 10, 2017, 1199: 1192:Bridger Jack Butte 1125:In December 2016, 1115:The New York Times 1111: 1094:The New York Times 1060: 1006:The New York Times 980:Valley of the Gods 948: 944:Valley of the Gods 890:Tea Party movement 885: 807:Theodore Roosevelt 801:Protection efforts 780: 712: 622: 564:Big Westwater Ruin 469: 457: 430:Ancestral Puebloan 407:Valley of the Gods 377: 338:Valley of the Gods 288:Ansh An Lashokdiwe 57:Ansh An Lashokdiwe 6987: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6694: 6693: 6548:Cottonwood Forest 6543:Cottonwood Canyon 6140: 6139: 6116:Rose Atoll Marine 5777:US Forest Service 5707:Statue of Liberty 5657:Organ Pipe Cactus 5417:Casa Grande Ruins 5347:Agate Fossil Beds 5234:, 5, no. e3442v1. 5164:. August 18, 2023 4853:. pp. 1, 14, 35. 4543:Julie Turkewitz, 4384:on August 5, 2018 3990:Salt Lake Tribune 3961:. New York City: 3584:on March 22, 2017 3501:. Boulder, CO. nd 3300:"Managing Editor" 3279:on April 26, 2011 3008:High Country News 2435:(7487): 225–229. 2052:High Country News 1818:. October 8, 2021 1789:. October 8, 2021 1767:Los Angeles Times 1761:Keith Schneider, 1283:Rose Atoll Marine 1137:environmentalists 722:, was claimed by 422:Wingate Sandstone 233: 232: 205:December 28, 2016 147:Nearest city 7127: 6950:Kodachrome Basin 6920:Dead Horse Point 6903: 6836: 6816:Wasatch Mountain 6806:Utah Field House 6714: 6705: 6704: 6618:Mount Timpanogos 6568:Deep Creek North 6528:Box-Death Hollow 6350:National Forests 6191: 6190: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6144: 6143: 6025:Vermilion Cliffs 6000:San Juan Islands 5930:Cascade–Siskiyou 5835:Mount St. Helens 5785:Admiralty Island 5632:Montezuma Castle 5567:Governors Island 5432:Castle Mountains 5407:Cape Krusenstern 5402:Canyon de Chelly 5387:Buck Island Reef 5319: 5312: 5305: 5296: 5295: 5193: 5192: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5089: 5087: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5055:on June 15, 2018 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5019: 5013: 5002: 4996: 4985: 4979: 4958: 4952: 4945: 4939: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4892: 4886: 4868: 4862: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4824:. 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Biden, 1492:summary judgment 1462:Ute Indian Tribe 1267:Cascade–Siskiyou 1196:Sixshooter Peaks 1133:Native Americans 1097: 1055:Federal Register 664: 663: 613:Regional map of 581:Colorado Plateau 527: 512: 489:Ute Mountain Ute 315:Ute Mountain Ute 258:surrounding the 246:in southeastern 189: 188: 186: 185: 184: 179: 175: 172: 171: 170: 167: 127: 121: 120: 114: 102: 101:Show map of Utah 96: 95: 89: 72: 21: 20: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7055:Cliff dwellings 6990: 6989: 6988: 6979: 6902:Southern Region 6901: 6900: 6892: 6834: 6833: 6825: 6761:Great Salt Lake 6721:Antelope Island 6713:Northern Region 6712: 6711: 6690: 6667: 6643:Slaughter Creek 6533:Canaan Mountain 6508:Beartrap Canyon 6489: 6461: 6452:Beaver Dam Wash 6438: 6410: 6392: 6363:Caribou–Targhee 6344: 6311: 6288: 6270: 6266:Timpanogos Cave 6256:Natural Bridges 6227: 6180: 6174:Protected areas 6171: 6141: 6136: 6125: 6043: 6029: 5960:Ironwood Forest 5895:Basin and Range 5872:Land Management 5871: 5864: 5771: 5722:Timpanogos Cave 5642:Natural Bridges 5467:Devils Postpile 5442:César E. Chávez 5412:Capulin Volcano 5328: 5323: 5261:BLM photo album 5241: 5231:PeerJ Preprints 5227:Wayback Machine 5201: 5199:Further reading 5196: 5181: 5177: 5167: 5165: 5156: 5155: 5151: 5141: 5139: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5103: 5099: 5085: 5083: 5076: 5072: 5058: 5056: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5003: 4999: 4986: 4982: 4968:Wayback Machine 4959: 4955: 4946: 4942: 4928:Wayback Machine 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4893: 4889: 4879:Wayback Machine 4869: 4865: 4851:Wayback Machine 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4770:The Denver Post 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4696:Tabuchi, Hiroko 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4659: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4621: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4559: 4555: 4542: 4538: 4526: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4464: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4410: 4404: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4351: 4347: 4333: 4331: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4145: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4116: 4114: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4076: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4021: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3843: 3842: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3809: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3735:. July 27, 2016 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3647:Weekend Edition 3635: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3605: 3604: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3555: 3553: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3147: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3107: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3048: 3039: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 2999: 2988: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2962: 2951: 2945: 2941: 2926: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2897: 2893: 2885: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2745: 2738: 2722:10.1038/527026a 2715:(7576): 26–29. 2699: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2552:Wayback Machine 2543: 2539: 2530: 2526: 2479: 2475: 2419: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2393: 2389: 2358: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2306: 2305: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2271: 2270: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2215: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2186: 2182: 2158: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2104: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2028: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2002: 2001:. New York City 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1955: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1875: 1868: 1856: 1852: 1840: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1816:The White House 1810: 1809: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1787:The White House 1781: 1780: 1773: 1760: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1666: 1653: 1640: 1636: 1626:Wayback Machine 1616: 1612: 1608: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1559:Antiquities Act 1547: 1527: 1509:established by 1397: 1382:, introduced a 1364: 1301: 1252:Antiquities Act 1240: 1204: 1184: 1149:Eric Descheenie 1098: 1092: 1084: 1072:Abajo Mountains 1065:Antiquities Act 1046: 1022: 1011:Antiquities Act 988:Colorado Rivers 972:Abajo Mountains 803: 658: 643:Pueblo I Period 576: 528: 525: 513: 508: 477:Native American 449: 362: 272:Native American 244:San Juan County 182: 180: 176: 173: 168: 165: 163: 161: 160: 142:, United States 131: 130: 129: 128: 125: 124: 123: 122: 105: 104: 103: 100: 99: 98: 97: 75: 55: 46: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7133: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7100:Pueblo history 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6906: 6904: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6843:Fremont Indian 6839: 6837: 6835:Central Region 6827: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6717: 6715: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6593:LaVerkin Creek 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6538:Cedar Mountain 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6420: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6402: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6354: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6330:Mormon Pioneer 6327: 6321: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6280: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6263: 6261:Rainbow Bridge 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6195:National Parks 6188: 6182: 6181: 6170: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6147: 6138: 6137: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6015:Sonoran Desert 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5985:Pompeys Pillar 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5874: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5682:Rainbow Bridge 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5547:Freedom Riders 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5507:Fort Frederica 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5427:Castle Clinton 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5255: 5254: 5248: 5240: 5239:External links 5237: 5236: 5235: 5214: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5175: 5149: 5123: 5097: 5070: 5039: 5014: 4997: 4980: 4953: 4940: 4913: 4887: 4863: 4835: 4809: 4783: 4757: 4724: 4687: 4648: 4612: 4579: 4553: 4536: 4517: 4484: 4455: 4427: 4395: 4368: 4345: 4318: 4292: 4266: 4240: 4211: 4185: 4156: 4127: 4098: 4067: 4041: 4019: 4002: 3976: 3947: 3918: 3892: 3864: 3829: 3798: 3768: 3746: 3720: 3692: 3664: 3626: 3595: 3562: 3537: 3512: 3486: 3475: 3453: 3424: 3403: 3382: 3346: 3316: 3290: 3260: 3232: 3197: 3168: 3132: 3094: 3068: 3037: 3032:One Man's West 3022: 2986: 2939: 2917: 2891: 2861:978-0816528936 2860: 2840: 2808: 2782: 2767: 2761:978-0826319081 2760: 2736: 2686: 2664: 2596: 2565: 2556: 2537: 2524: 2473: 2413: 2387: 2328: 2290: 2253: 2225: 2209: 2180: 2146: 2124: 2098: 2064: 2038: 2012: 1983: 1949: 1898: 1866: 1850: 1829: 1800: 1771: 1747: 1731:whitehouse.gov 1717: 1690: 1674:whitehouse.gov 1651: 1634: 1630:navajo-nsn.gov 1609: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1574: 1571: 1549:Two lawsuits, 1546: 1543: 1526: 1523: 1503:Woodrow Wilson 1484: 1483: 1480:Patagonia Inc. 1477: 1447: 1396: 1393: 1363: 1360: 1350:uranium mining 1348:More than 300 1300: 1297: 1239: 1236: 1220:Salt Lake City 1203: 1200: 1190:Indian Creek, 1183: 1180: 1165:Jason Chaffetz 1141:Russell Begaye 1090: 1083: 1080: 1045: 1042: 1021: 1018: 919:Jason Chaffetz 802: 799: 795:One Man's West 791:David Lavender 575: 572: 523: 506: 497:Pueblo of Zuni 448: 445: 413:unit, and the 385:for a pair of 361: 358: 344:unit, and the 323:Pueblo of Zuni 231: 230: 225: 221: 220: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 158: 154: 153: 151:Blanding, Utah 148: 144: 143: 137: 133: 132: 116: 115: 109: 108: 107: 106: 91: 90: 84: 83: 82: 81: 80: 77: 76: 73: 65: 64: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7132: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7035:Navajo Nation 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6899: 6895: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6848:Goblin Valley 6846: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6638:Red Mountains 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6613:Mount Olympus 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6553:Cougar Canyon 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6503:Ashdown Gorge 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6302:Flaming Gorge 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6156: 6154: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6135: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6076:Hanford Reach 6074: 6072: 6071:Castner Range 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5975:Mojave Trails 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:Carrizo Plain 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5910:Browns Canyon 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5820:Giant Sequoia 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805:Browns Canyon 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5757:Walnut Canyon 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5677:Poverty Point 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5577:Grand Portage 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5512:Fort Matanzas 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482:Effigy Mounds 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5320: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5190: 5189:Bloomberg Law 5186: 5179: 5168:September 22, 5163: 5159: 5153: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4962: 4957: 4950: 4944: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4922: 4917: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4867: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4617: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4583: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4488: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4460: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4431: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4400: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4356: 4349: 4342: 4329: 4322: 4307: 4303: 4296: 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