Bee - Knowledge

1644: 1564: 1487: 1445: 1154: 745: 1084: 2118:. The female typically creates a compartment (a "cell") with an egg and some provisions for the resulting larva, then seals it off. A nest may consist of numerous cells. When the nest is in wood, usually the last (those closer to the entrance) contain eggs that will become males. The adult does not provide care for the brood once the egg is laid, and usually dies after making one or more nests. The males typically emerge first and are ready for mating when the females emerge. Solitary bees are very unlikely to sting (only in self-defense, if ever), and some (esp. in the family 129: 3935: 2853: 1210: 3401: 1712: 12471: 3652: 2286: 1259: 12503: 3958: 1064: 2259: 1023: 2301: 152: 1515: 2894: 1832: 2228:, followed by the emergence of a winged adult. The number of eggs laid by a female during her lifetime can vary from eight or less in some solitary bees, to more than a million in highly social species. Most solitary bees and bumble bees in temperate climates overwinter as adults or pupae and emerge in spring when increasing numbers of flowering plants come into bloom. The males usually emerge first and search for females with which to mate. Like the other members of Hymenoptera bees are 2126: 2084: 2582: 4134: 2683: 1543: 2614: 928: 1424: 2325: 12837: 955: 4113: 1174: 2010: 3505: 13437: 1384: 1944: 1761: 2389: 2177: 1844: 989: 3644: 2838:, which are extremely sensitive to light and dark, though incapable of forming images. Some have refracting superposition compound eyes: these combine the output of many elements of their compound eyes to provide enough light for each retinal photoreceptor. Their ability to fly by night enables them to avoid many predators, and to exploit flowers that produce nectar only or also at night. 2553:(specialists), in that they only gather pollen from one or a few species or genera of closely related plants. In Melittidae and Apidae we also find a few genera that are highly specialized for collecting plant oils both in addition to, and instead of, nectar, which is mixed with pollen as larval food. Male orchid bees in some species gather aromatic compounds from 2557:, which is one of the few cases where male bees are effective pollinators. Bees are able to sense the presence of desirable flowers through ultraviolet patterning on flowers, floral odors, and even electromagnetic fields. Once landed, a bee then uses nectar quality and pollen taste to determine whether to continue visiting similar flowers. 2168:. In some species, multiple females share a common nest, but each makes and provisions her own cells independently. This type of group is called "communal" and is not uncommon. The primary advantage appears to be that a nest entrance is easier to defend from predators and parasites when multiple females use that same entrance regularly. 1983:, or "sweat bees". Colonies are typically small, with a dozen or fewer workers, on average. Queens and workers differ only in size, if at all. Most species have a single season colony cycle, even in the tropics, and only mated females hibernate. A few species have long active seasons and attain colony sizes in the hundreds, such as 2232:; the sex of a bee is determined by whether or not the egg is fertilised. After mating, a female stores the sperm, and determines which sex is required at the time each individual egg is laid, fertilised eggs producing female offspring and unfertilised eggs, males. Tropical bees may have several generations in a year and no 5084: 2729:) and do not construct their own nests. They typically enter the nests of pollen collecting species, and lay their eggs in cells provisioned by the host bee. When the "cuckoo" bee larva hatches, it consumes the host larva's pollen ball, and often the host egg also. In particular, the Arctic bee species, 8895:

Jerry J. Bromenshenk; Colin B. Henderson; Charles H. Wick; Michael F. Stanford; Alan W. Zulich; Rabih E. Jabbour; Samir V. Deshpande; Patrick E. McCubbin; Robert A. Seccomb; Phillip M. Welch; Trevor Williams; David R. Firth; Evan Skowronski; Margaret M. Lehmann; Shan L. Bilimoria; Joanna Gress; Kevin

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The egg is generally oblong, slightly curved and tapering at one end. Solitary bees, lay each egg in a separate cell with a supply of mixed pollen and nectar next to it. This may be rolled into a pellet or placed in a pile and is known as mass provisioning. Social bee species provision progressively,

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and robotic mock-up of a bee wing showed that lift was generated by "the unconventional combination of short, choppy wing strokes, a rapid rotation of the wing as it flops over and reverses direction, and a very fast wing-beat frequency". Wing-beat frequency normally increases as size decreases, but

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from carcases to feed their offspring. Solitary bees are important pollinators; they gather pollen to provision their nests with food for their brood. Often it is mixed with nectar to form a paste-like consistency. Some solitary bees have advanced types of pollen-carrying structures on their bodies.

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are not haplodiploid. Conversely, all bees are haplodiploid but not all are eusocial, and among eusocial species many queens mate with multiple males, creating half-sisters that share only 25% of each other's genes. But, monogamy (queens mating singly) is the ancestral state for all eusocial species

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had already evolved on the supercontinent prior to its fragmentation. Further divergences were facilitated by West Gondwana's breakup around 100 million years ago, leading to a deep Africa-South America split within both the Apidae and Megachilidae, the isolation of the Melittidae in Africa, and the

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and found that their flight could not be explained by fixed-wing calculations, but that "One shouldn't be surprised that the results of the calculations don't square with reality". This has led to a common misconception that bees "violate aerodynamic theory". In fact it merely confirms that bees do

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in each segment for breathing. They have no legs but move within the cell, helped by tubercles on their sides. They have short horns on the head, jaws for chewing food and an appendage on either side of the mouth tipped with a bristle. There is a gland under the mouth that secretes a viscous liquid

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in that the queen initiates a nest on her own rather than by swarming. Bumblebee colonies typically have from 50 to 200 bees at peak population, which occurs in mid to late summer. Nest architecture is simple, limited by the size of the pre-existing nest cavity, and colonies rarely last more than a

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termed "supersisters", more closely related to their sisters than they would be to their own offspring. Workers often do not reproduce, but they can pass on more of their genes by helping to raise their sisters (as queens) than they would by having their own offspring (each of which would only have

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Almeida, Eduardo A.B.; Bossert, Silas; Danforth, Bryan N.; Porto, Diego S.; Freitas, Felipe V.; Davis, Charles C.; Murray, Elizabeth A.; Blaimer, Bonnie B.; Spasojevic, Tamara; Ströher, Patrícia R.; Orr, Michael C.; Packer, Laurence; Brady, Seán G.; Kuhlmann, Michael; Branstetter, Michael G.; Pie,

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In D'Arcy Thompson's translation: "At early dawn they make no noise, until some one particular bee makes a buzzing noise two or three times and thereby awakes the rest; hereupon they all fly in a body to work. By and by they return and at first are noisy; ... until at last some one bee flies round

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The thorax has three segments, each with a pair of robust legs, and a pair of membranous wings on the hind two segments. The front legs of corbiculate bees bear combs for cleaning the antennae, and in many species the hind legs bear pollen baskets, flattened sections with incurving hairs to secure

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Almeida, Eduardo A. B.; Bossert, Silas; Danforth, Bryan N.; Porto, Diego S.; Freitas, Felipe V.; Davis, Charles C.; Murray, Elizabeth A.; Blaimer, Bonnie B.; Spasojevic, Tamara; Ströher, Patrícia R.; Orr, Michael C.; Packer, Laurence; Brady, Seán G.; Kuhlmann, Michael; Branstetter, Michael G. (21

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Honey is a natural product produced by bees and stored for their own use, but its sweetness has always appealed to humans. Before domestication of bees was even attempted, humans were raiding their nests for their honey. Smoke was often used to subdue the bees and such activities are depicted in

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which solidifies into the silk they use to produce a cocoon. The cocoon is semi-transparent and the pupa can be seen through it. Over the course of a few days, the larva undergoes metamorphosis into a winged adult. When ready to emerge, the adult splits its skin dorsally and climbs out of the

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Over the last half century, there has been a general decline in the species richness of wild bees and other pollinators, probably attributable to stress from increased parasites and disease, the use of pesticides, and a general decrease in the number of wild flowers. Climate change probably

475:, and the decline in wild bees has increased the value of pollination by commercially managed hives of honey bees. The analysis of 353 wild bee and hoverfly species across Britain from 1980 to 2013 found the insects have been lost from a quarter of the places they inhabited in 1980. 2181: 8007: 2180: 5326: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2185: 786:

was well established before the first appearance of bees. The novelty is that bees are specialized as pollination agents, with behavioral and physical modifications that specifically enhance pollination, and are the most efficient pollinating insects. In a process of

2663:) which are themselves distasteful, often through acquiring bitter and poisonous chemicals from their plant food. All the Müllerian mimics, including bees, benefit from the reduced risk of predation that results from their easily recognised warning coloration. 6969:

Menzel, Randolf; Greggers, Uwe; Smith, Alan; Berger, Sandra; Brandt, Robert; Brunke, Sascha; Bundrock, Gesine; Hülse, Sandra; Plümpe, Tobias; Schaupp, Schaupp; Schüttler, Elke; Stach, Silke; Stindt, Jan; Stollhoff, Nicola; Watzl, Sebastian (2005).

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Whitfield, B. G. (October 1956). "Cambridge University Press and The Classical Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Greece & Rome. Virgil and the Bees: A Study in Ancient Apicultural Lor".

1659:(hairs), combs on the forelimbs for cleaning their antennae, small anatomical differences in limb structure, and the venation of the hind wings; and in females, by having the seventh dorsal abdominal plate divided into two half-plates. 732:. The Andrenidae are known from the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, around 34 Mya, of the Florissant shale. The Halictidae first appear in the Early Eocene with species found in amber. The Stenotritidae are known from fossil brood cells of 3140:

are “spoilage yeasts that have an extreme resistance to acids and preservatives” and can “tolerate high concentrations of sugars and salts”. Honey bees depend on this source of steroids to allow them to develop properly during insect

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Paludo, Camila Raquel; Pishchany, Gleb; Andrade-Dominguez, Andres; Silva-Junior, Eduardo Afonso; Menezes, Cristiano; Nascimento, Fabio Santos; Currie, Cameron R.; Kolter, Roberto; Clardy, Jon; Pupo, Mônica Tallarico (25 July 2019).

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Depictions of humans collecting honey from wild bees date to 15,000 years ago; efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. Simple hives and smoke were used; jars of honey were found in the tombs of

1685:, having an elbow joint part way along. They house large numbers of sense organs that can detect touch (mechanoreceptors), smell and taste; and small, hairlike mechanoreceptors that can detect air movement so as to "hear" sounds. 1341:

This cladogram of the bee families is based on Hedtke et al., 2013, which places the former families Dasypodaidae and Meganomiidae as subfamilies inside the Melittidae. English names, where available, are given in parentheses.

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of other insects. The switch from insect prey to pollen may have resulted from the consumption of prey insects which were flower visitors and were partially covered with pollen when they were fed to the wasp larvae. This same

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at least in part because their pollinator is also threatened. But, there is a pronounced tendency for oligolectic bees to be associated with common, widespread plants visited by multiple pollinator species. For example, the

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to collect and carry pollen. The location and type differ among and between groups of bees. Most species have scopal hairs on their hind legs or on the underside of their abdomens. Some species in the family Apidae have

8730: 423:, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Bees range in size from tiny stingless bee species, whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) long, to the leafcutter bee 8735:

Wild bees have become as important as domesticated honeybees in pollinating food crops around the world due to the dramatic decline in number of healthy honeybee colonies over the past half century, a study has

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has the opposite effect to what took place in these three studies, highlighting the importance of what bees ingest and the impacts it has on their survivability during both the development and adult stages.

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Eickwort, G. C.; Eickwort, J. M.; Gordon, J.; Eickwort, M. A.; Wcislo, W. T. (1996). "Solitary behavior in a high-altitude population of the social sweat bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)".

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are associated with bees. They live in bee nests and ride on adult bees for dispersal. They are presumed to feed on fungi, nest materials or pollen. However, the impact they have on bees remains uncertain.

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the color of the orchid mantis was indistinguishable from 13 species of wild flowers in the areas the predator lived. ... The orchid mantis is unique in that the mantis itself is the attractive stimulus.

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have been diminishing the bee population recently due to a lack of regulations regarding what can and cannot be sprayed on produce to protect it from being damaged during growth. When honey bees collect

2429:, in which a worker indicates the location of a food source to other workers in the hive. He demonstrated that bees can recognize a desired compass direction in three different ways: by the Sun, by the 1704:

the collected pollen. The wings are synchronised in flight, and the somewhat smaller hind wings connect to the forewings by a row of hooks along their margin which connect to a groove in the forewing.

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interacts with humans by guiding them to the nests of wild bees. The humans break open the nests and take the honey and the bird feeds on the larvae and the wax. Among mammals, predators such as the

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that is, they feed the larva regularly while it grows. The nest varies from a hole in the ground or in wood, in solitary bees, to a substantial structure with wax combs in bumblebees and honey bees.

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From the 18th century, European understanding of the colonies and biology of bees allowed the construction of the moveable comb hive so that honey could be harvested without destroying the colony.

1806:, with two copies of each gene) share 100% of his genes and 50% of their mother's. Therefore, they share 75% of their genes with each other. This mechanism of sex determination gives rise to what 5560:

Sann, Manuela; Niehuis, Oliver; Peters, Ralph S.; Mayer, Christoph; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Bank, Sarah; Meusemann, Karen; Misof, Bernhard; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ohl, Michael (2018).

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was disturbed, and antibiotic tetracycline entered their diet. All three studies showed that the honey bees' ability to survive decreased drastically and they became more likely to contract

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and Zygosaccharomyces sp. Once the honey bee eggs hatch, a white microbial film starts to grow on the boundary between the brood cell and the larval food supply, and is then ingested by the

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50% of their genes), assuming they would produce similar numbers. This unusual situation has been proposed as an explanation of the multiple (at least nine) evolutions of eusociality within

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theory, organisms can gain fitness not just through increasing their own reproductive output, but also that of close relatives. In evolutionary terms, individuals should help relatives when

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and leave behind the brood and a few nurse bees. This however is not enough to sustain a hive as workers are required to construct and maintain the hive structure as well as produce honey.

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Danforth, Bryan; Cardinal, Sophie; Praz, Christophe; Almeida, Eduardo; Michez, Denis (28 August 2012). "The Impact of Molecular Data on Our Understanding of Bee Phylogeny and Evolution".

9360: 639:(~45 mya) there was already considerable diversity among eusocial bee lineages. A second extinction event among bees is thought to have occurred due to rapid climatic cooling around the 7627:

Gjershaug, Jan Ove (5 June 2009). "The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schönherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway" (PDF).

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Genomic analysis indicates that despite only appearing much later in the fossil record, all modern bee families had already diverged from one another by the end of the Cretaceous. The

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is an aggressive species that attacks and enslaves other bees of the same subgenus. However, unlike many other bee brood parasites, they have pollen baskets and often collect pollen.

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pattern of the blue sky, and by the Earth's magnetic field. He showed that the Sun is the preferred or main compass; the other mechanisms are used under cloudy skies or inside a dark

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Hughes, William O. H.; Oldroyd, Benjamin P.; Beekman, Madeleine; Ratnieks, Francis L. W. (May 2008). "Ancestral Monogamy Shows Kin Selection Is Key to the Evolution of Eusociality".

2178: 651:, different bee lineages continued to spread all over the world, and the shifting habitats and connectedness of continents led to the isolation and evolution of many new bee tribes. 9394: 9161: 6774: 8680: 635:. This was facilitated by the warming climate around the same time, allowing bees to move to higher latitudes following the spread of tropical and subtropical habitats. By the 9418: 6553:

Alcock, John (1 May 1999). "The Nesting Behavior of Dawson's Burrowing Bee, Amegilla dawsoni (Hymenoptera: Anthophorini), and the Production of Offspring of Different Sizes".

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of honeybees. They can typically be found inside of a bee hive, and in man made hives especially, the honeybees can be found developing at different stages (eggs, larvae, and

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boosts honey bees immunity could be pivotal to the increase of a honey bee's lifespan and boost reproduction by helping implement new policies to prevent the use of harmful

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are solitary in the sense that every female is fertile, and typically inhabits a nest she constructs herself. There is no division of labor so these nests lack queens and

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into reproductive and non-reproductive adults, plus overlapping generations. This division of labour creates specialized groups within eusocial societies which are called

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respectively. Bacteria that cannot digest polysaccharides obtain enzymes from their neighbors, and bacteria that lack certain amino acids do the same, creating multiple

1895:). When the castes are purely behavioural alternatives, with no morphological differentiation other than size, the system is considered primitively eusocial, as in many 3908:. In 2018 the European Union decided to ban field use of all three major neonicotinoids; they remain permitted in veterinary, greenhouse, and vehicle transport usage. 8983: 7580: 5494: 2160:

are gregarious, preferring to make nests near others of the same species, and giving the appearance of being social. Large groups of solitary bee nests are called

494:. Bees have appeared in mythology and folklore, through all phases of art and literature from ancient times to the present day, although primarily focused in the 8471: 6806: 4983: 4086:. In addition, while bee brood was high in fat, it contained no fat soluble vitamins (such as A, D, and E) but it was a good source of most of the water-soluble 2453:. Pollinating bees consume nectar and pollen, which require different digestion strategies by somewhat specialized bacteria. While nectar is a liquid of mostly 5812: 3541:(1888) contains the couplet "Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee, / And live alone in the bee loud glade." At the time he was living in 3088:

are only capable of reproducing inside of a honey bee colony, posing an even greater threat if they are able to infiltrate because it will destroy their home.

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Eickwort, George C. (1975). "Gregarious Nesting of the Mason Bee Hoplitis anthocopoides and the Evolution of Parasitism and Sociality Among Megachilid Bees".

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Book 9. The account mentions that bees die after stinging; that workers remove corpses from the hive, and guard it; castes including workers and non-working

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honey bees declined dramatically in the US, though their numbers have since recovered. The number of colonies kept by beekeepers declined slightly, through

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Hughes, W. O. H.; Oldroyd, B. P.; Beekman, M.; Ratnieks, F. L. W. (2008). "Ancestral Monogamy Shows Kin Selection is Key to the Evolution of Eusociality".

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exacerbates the problem. This is a major cause of concern, as it can cause biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation as well as increase climate change.

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thus have a high impact on the survival rate of honey bees. Their ingestion determines whether the honey bees will be able to protect themselves against

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Farmers have focused on alternative solutions to mitigate these problems. By raising native plants, they provide food for native bee pollinators like

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that appear to provide lodgings for mites; in return, it is believed that mites eat fungi that attack pollen, so the relationship in this case may be

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Loper, Gerald M.; Sammataro, Diana; Finley, Jennifer; Cole, Jerry (2006). "Feral honey bees in southern Arizona, 10 years after varroa infestation".

8699: 1989:. Some species are eusocial in parts of their range and solitary in others, or have a mix of eusocial and solitary nests in the same population. The 7079:

Zheng, Hao; Perreau, Julie; Powell, J. Elijah; Han, Benfeng; Zhang, Zijing; Kwong, Waldan K.; Tringe, Susannah G.; Moran, Nancy A. (December 2019).

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Lucas, Spencer G.; Minter, Nicholas J.; Hunt, Adrian P. (February 2010). "Re-evaluation of alleged bees' nests from the Upper Triassic of Arizona".

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and honey bees will prove to be vital in the argument towards lessening the types of chemicals legally allowed to be sprayed on produce. The use of

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to grow because bee pollination improves air and soil quality, thus boosting plant life. Allowing for a higher survivability rate for both bees and

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Johansson, Ingela (1982). "Systematic relationship of halictinae bees based on the pattern of macrocyclic lactones in the Dufour gland secretion".

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might kill several thousand honeybees in a day: all the prey he observed were honeybees. Other predatory insects that sometimes catch bees include

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play an immense role in the health of the entire bee colony. Three studies were recently conducted and each introduced a new organism to the bees

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Mateus, Sidnei; Noll, Fernando B. (February 2004). "Predatory behavior in a necrophagous bee Trigona hypogea (Hymenoptera; Apidae, Meliponini)".

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The life cycle of a bee, be it a solitary or social species, involves the laying of an egg, the development through several moults of a legless

1908:, of which eight species are currently recognized) are highly eusocial, and are among the best known insects. Their colonies are established by 10648: 10610: 10525: 10370: 9368: 8767:

Rangel, Juliana; Giresi, Melissa; Pinto, Maria Alice; Baum, Kristen A.; Rubink, William L.; Coulson, Robert N.; Johnston, John Spencer (2016).

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There are many more species of primitively eusocial than highly eusocial bees, but they have been studied less often. Most are in the family

644: 9010: 7934: 5001: 12881: 11108: 9312: 9139: 5719: 1883:. In some species, groups of cohabiting females may be sisters, and if there is a division of labour within the group, they are considered 6482: 6429: 5103:"A new interpretation of the bee fossil Melitta willardi Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Melittidae) based on geometric morphometrics of the wing" 10653: 9560: 8358: 7784: 7233: 6388: 5698: 3267:

and they help enhance performance and reproduction, boosting honey production and keeping the hive population running at a stable rate. “

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results in a decrease in bee population, deformed bees, an inability to reproduce on the bees part, and overall weakening of the colony.

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Hefetz, Abraham; Blum, Murray; Eickwort, George; Wheeler, James (1978). "Chemistry of the dufour's gland secretion of halictine bees".

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infiltrate a hive. These mites will attack and eat bees inside a hive, making it impossible for them to continue to reproduce and make

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coloured, typically orange and black, warning of their ability to defend themselves with a powerful sting. As such they are models for

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on their hind legs, while very few lack these and instead collect pollen in their crops. The appearance of these structures drove the

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The Complete Guide to Complementary Therapies in Cancer Care: Essential Information for Patients, Survivors and Health Professionals

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Apart from colony collapse disorder, losses outside the US have been attributed to causes including pesticide seed dressings, using

2878:, which make short sallies to catch insects in flight. Swifts and swallows fly almost continually, catching insects as they go. The 1737:, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). The smallest species may be dwarf stingless bees in the tribe 9214: 8845: 4945:"Biogeography and diversification of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): emerging patterns from the southern end of the world" 4013:, including the larvae and pupae of bees, mostly stingless species. They also gather larvae, pupae and surrounding cells, known as 3334:

applied in agriculture, causing dangerous changes in the colony fitness and perturbing bees' health.” (Yordanova, M. et al., 2022)

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themselves, they must be ingested through their diet, specifically in the early development process. Larvae eat the fungus and the

1633: 5045:"A Leafcutter Bee Trace Fossil from the Middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and a Review of Megachilid (Hymenoptera) Ichnology" 2300: 2052:

Very few species of solitary bee are being cultured for commercial pollination. Most of these species belong to a distinct set of

11527: 5312: 3591:, tells the story of a girl who escapes her abusive home and finds her way to live with a family of beekeepers, the Boatwrights. 1871:

appears to have originated from at least three independent origins in halictid bees. The most advanced of these are species with

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in South America. The rapid radiation of the South American bee families is thought to have followed the concurrent radiation of

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environment at this time; modern bee diversity hotspots are also in xeric and seasonal temperate environments, suggesting strong

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are closely related to, and resemble, their hosts in looks and size. This common pattern gave rise to the ecological principle "

2043:. Bees collect pollen to feed their young, and have the necessary adaptations to do this. However, certain wasp species such as 13165: 11869: 3784: 472: 9831: 9593: 9554: 9229: 8385: 8352: 7778: 7653: 7483: 7310: 7227: 6626: 6382: 5988: 5692: 5358: 4678: 4488: 640: 9117: 6632: 5446:"Museum Specimens And Phylogenies Elucidate Ecology's Role in Coevolutionary Associations Between Mites And Their Bee Hosts" 4133: 11833: 8391: 610:), and by the end of the Cretaceous, South American bees had also colonized North America. The North American fossil taxon 8980: 9325: 7576: 6730:

British bees: an introduction to the study of the natural history and economy of the bees indigenous to the British Isles

5513:"Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea" 4112: 1486: 8440: 8252:/Homeric Hymns (Leipzig: 1806), 346 and cxiii. Many took Hermann's unfounded identification at face-value, repeating it 5445: 4849:

Rosa, B. B.; Melo, G. A. R. (2021). "Apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar".

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mites, and the closure of beekeeping businesses. In 2006 and 2007 the rate of attrition increased, and was described as

2834:. Most are tropical or subtropical, but some live in arid regions at higher latitudes. These bees have greatly enlarged 1563: 11299: 9775: 8463: 6864: 6796: 4394: 3357:

if they are able to perform their environmental roles properly without the interruption of harmful government approved

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belongs to a group that is no longer found in North America, suggesting that many bee lineages went extinct during the

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nests in a petrified forest in Arizona, implying that bees evolved much earlier, are now thought to be beetle borings.

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and, until the 1980s, scholars followed Gottfried Hermann (1806) in incorrectly identifying the bee-maidens with the

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In most species, larvae are whitish grubs, roughly oval and bluntly-pointed at both ends. They have 15 segments and

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not only with flowers but it is believed that some species coevolved with mites. Some provide tufts of hairs called

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and longer tubes, and bees developed longer tongues to extract the nectar. Bees also developed structures known as

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Following the K-Pg extinction, surviving bee lineages continued to spread into the Northern Hemisphere, colonizing

8769:"Africanization of a feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) population in South Texas: does a decade make a difference?" 5925: 1798:

In haplodiploid species, females develop from fertilized eggs and males from unfertilized eggs. Because a male is

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in that the survival of bees and the mycelium's ability to help boost bee pollination, boosts the ability of the

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Most bees are polylectic (generalist) meaning they collect pollen from a range of flowering plants, but some are

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Altshuler, Douglas L.; Dickson, William B.; Vance, Jason T.; Roberts, Stephen P.; Dickinson, Michael H. (2005).

5512: 5266: 3618:(2014) describes his efforts to save bumblebees in Britain, as well as much about their biology. The playwright 2110:, digging nests in the ground in a variety of soil textures and conditions, while others create nests in hollow 1926:

that escaped from experiments involving crossing European and African subspecies; they are extremely defensive.

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and thus speaking truth, and identifies the food of the gods as honey. Sources associated the bee maidens with

1972:

set up the Bumblebee Specialist Group to review the threat status of all bumblebee species worldwide using the

8869: 7249:"The evolution and loss of oil-offering flowers: New insights from dated phylogenies for angiosperms and bees" 5375: 2363:

not engage in fixed-wing flight, and that their flight is explained by other mechanics, such as those used by

1153: 13363: 12956: 12846: 7798: 6882: 4832: 4180:). The claim that apitherapy treats cancer, which some proponents of apitherapy make, remains unsupported by 3322:, they are also ingesting harmful chemicals. Such chemicals take a toll on the honey bees' already sensitive 2469:. Approximately five groups of bacteria are involved in digestion. Three groups specialize in simple sugars ( 1823:

so far investigated, so it is likely that haplodiploidy contributed to the evolution of eusociality in bees.

9282: 4599:"Monophyly and Extensive Extinction of Advanced Eusocial Bees: Insights from an Unexpected Eocene Diversity" 12107: 12102: 8575: 8571: 8406: 6134: 3160:

is found primarily in Brazilian stingless bees and Malaysian stingless bees - or more commonly honey bees.

559: 9512: 8695: 6894: 3957: 3868:

were shown to be in every killed colony, and deadly in combination. Winter losses increased to about 1/3.

3604:'s first script and was his first work for children; he starred as a bee named Barry B. Benson, alongside 13413: 12867: 6459: 4218:, and 22-docosanolide. However, the secretions of these glands could also be used for nest construction. 4103: 4099: 3551: 3513: 2620:

lures male bees to attempt to mate with the flower's lip, which resembles a bee perched on a pink flower.

2001:: a larva's food is supplied gradually as it develops, as is the case in honey bees and some bumblebees. 1693: 11972: 9665: 8894: 7863: 6207: 5745:: The World's Largest Bee Rediscovered Living Communally in Termite Nests (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)". 3283:, and whether or not they will have sufficient strength to increase honey production and the ability to 13393: 13373: 5305:"Fossil brood cells of stenotritid bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from the Pleistocene of South Australia" 5247: 3985:. They also produce some substances used as dietary supplements with possible health benefits, pollen, 3792: 3537: 3100:

and grow from the inside out, killing the mites and protecting the bees. The extermination of mites by

2367:. In 1996 it was shown that vortices created by many insects' wings helped to provide lift. High-speed 1912:, consisting of a queen and several thousand workers. There are 29 subspecies of one of these species, 744: 151: 9257: 3492:. In English folklore, bees would be told of important events in the household, in a custom known as " 9824: 7054: 6135:"The Africanized Honey Bee in the Americas: A Biological Revolution with Human Cultural Implications" 5101:

Dewulf, Alexandre; De Meulemeester, Thibaut; Dehon, Manuel; Engel, Michael S.; Michez, Denis (2014).

5002:"The oldest fossil of a melittid bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) from the early Eocene of Oise (France)" 2847: 2767: 9729: 9058:

Storkstad, Erik (30 March 2012). "Field Research on Bees Raises Concern About Low-Dose Pesticides".

7550: 13358: 13353: 12666: 12162: 11689: 8042:"Microbial community modulates growth of symbiotic fungus required for stingless bee metamorphosis" 6860: 6403: 6161: 4202: 3924: 3859: 3117: 3069: 3061: 3049: 2139: 1998: 1776: 9326:

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (2011).

8493: 7602: 3817:

that contain flowering plants. It is estimated that one third of the human food supply depends on

1670:

which cover much of the surface of the head. Between and above these are three small simple eyes (

429:, the largest species of bee, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). 13260: 13237: 13150: 12829: 12791: 12183: 12122: 12062: 11449: 11394: 11359: 9006: 7930: 7669:

Rozen, Jerome George; McGinley, Ronald J. (1991). "Biology and Larvae of the Cleptoparasitic Bee

7055:"Bee gut microbes have a division of labor when it comes to metabolizing complex polysaccharides" 7029: 6734: 4469: 4181: 3821:

by insects, birds and bats, most of which is accomplished by bees, whether wild or domesticated.

3768: 2351: 2146:

While solitary, females each make individual nests. Some species, such as the European mason bee

1818:

Haplodiploidy is neither necessary nor sufficient for eusociality. Some eusocial species such as

1083: 13506: 12684: 12633: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 9585: 9579: 9419:"Sensasi Rasa Unik Botok Lebah yang Menyengat (Unique taste sensation botok with stinging bees)" 9308: 7956: 7204: 5715: 712:(within the Apidae) appeared around 53 Mya. The Colletidae appear as fossils only from the late 13456: 13325: 11565: 11542: 11498: 11437: 11292: 8375: 6433: 4242: 3829: 2148: 679: 468: 138: 12461: 9542: 8342: 7768: 7217: 6372: 5682: 1682: 13501: 13418: 13310: 13100: 13095: 12946: 11570: 11520: 11515: 11493: 11377: 9709: 8523: 7703:

An Annotated Catalog of the Halictid Bees of the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)

7300: 6698: 6229: 5348: 4668: 3918: 2940: 2899: 2670:

which imitates both the appearance and the scent of a female bee; male bees attempt to mate (

2644:, all of which gain a measure of protection by superficially looking and behaving like bees. 2244: 2089: 9575: 9237:

An Assessment of Non-Apis Bees as Fruit and Vegetable Crop Pollinators in Southwest Virginia

8164:

Yordanova, Monika; Evison, Sophie E. F.; Gill, Richard J.; Graystock, Peter (1 April 2022).

7473: 6828: 6672: 4468: 598:

in the same region. Later in the Cretaceous (80 million years ago), colletid bees colonized

13265: 13059: 13046: 12689: 11476: 11442: 11334: 9817: 9444:

Fink, Mark D. (2007). "Nutrient Composition of Bee Brood and its Potential as Human Food".

9236: 9067: 8909: 8780: 8177: 8053: 7343: 7155: 7092: 6983: 6908: 6897:"Short-amplitude high-frequency wing strokes determine the aerodynamics of honeybee flight" 6562: 6298: 6017: 5937: 5889: 5838: 5632: 5573: 5110: 5056: 4959: 4858: 4746: 4707: 4610: 4553: 4426: 4336: 4153: 3564: 3542: 2875: 2430: 2211: 2056:

which are commonly known by their nesting behavior or preferences, namely: carpenter bees,

1909: 783: 760: 20: 3706:

Among Classical Era authors, beekeeping with the use of smoke is described in Aristotle's

2648: 2608: 1899:; when the castes are morphologically discrete, the system is considered highly eusocial. 8: 13423: 13368: 13250: 13135: 13120: 13004: 12547: 12345: 12327: 12117: 11700: 11652: 11627: 11329: 9538: 9110:"EFSA identifies risks to bees from neonicotinoids | European Food Safety Authority" 8966: 8842: 8377:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

6646: 3614: 3569: 3040:”. Without these vital nutrients, honey bee morbidity rates rise, and the possibility of 2852: 2532:

which consume carrion and wasp brood, turning meat into a honey-like substance. Drinking

2449:

The gut of bees is relatively simple, but multiple metabolic strategies exist in the gut

2061: 2015: 825: 495: 416: 9799:"Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers" 9668:"Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers" 9581:

American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies

9071: 8913: 8784: 8181: 8057: 7982: 7347: 7253:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

7159: 7096: 6987: 6912: 6728: 6566: 6302: 6021: 5941: 5893: 5842: 5636: 5577: 5114: 5060: 4963: 4862: 4750: 4711: 4614: 4557: 4430: 4340: 3377:

by killing the soil it grows in, inhibiting bees from ingesting the necessary nutrients

2573:

in the arid parts of the United States southwest is associated with some 40 oligoleges.

2564:

species may only be effectively pollinated by a single bee species, and some plants are

1764:

Willing to die for their sisters: worker honey bees killed defending their hive against

728:. The Megachilidae are known from trace fossils (characteristic leaf cuttings) from the 12941: 12741: 12714: 12042: 11987: 11937: 11848: 11838: 11775: 11750: 11685: 11660: 11632: 11532: 11319: 9697: 9461: 9091: 8932: 8897: 8854: 8801: 8768: 8672: 8620: 8612: 8294: 8206: 8165: 8146: 8084: 8041: 7415: 7390: 7366: 7331: 7273: 7248: 7187: 7123: 7080: 6931: 6896: 6586: 6527: 6353: 6314: 6095: 6062: 6038: 6005: 5961: 5862: 5754: 5655: 5620: 5596: 5561: 5535: 5486: 5416: 5376:"Cleaner Mites: Sanitary Mutualism in the Miniature Ecosystem of Neotropical Bee Nests" 5278: 5228: 5190: 5133: 5102: 4975: 4925: 4913: 4882: 4824: 4769: 4734: 4628: 4494: 4359: 4324: 4227: 3900:

restricted some pesticides to stop bee populations from declining further. In 2014 the

3788: 3708: 3481: 3465: 3400: 3037: 2924: 2883: 2731: 2565: 1940:, with complex nest architecture and perennial colonies also established via swarming. 1876: 1711: 1655:

Bees differ from closely related groups such as wasps by having branched or plume-like

809: 301: 146: 128: 9798: 9162:

Bees and the crops they pollinate are at risk from climate change, IPCC report to warn

7006: 6971: 5304: 3605: 3452:

The image of a community of honey bees has been used from ancient to modern times, in

13145: 13115: 13064: 13054: 13029: 12963: 12658: 12589: 12580: 12474: 12203: 11808: 11680: 11619: 11597: 11575: 11459: 11411: 11285: 10713: 10545: 10228: 9803: 9772:

at All Living Things – images, identification guides, and maps of bees

9701: 9689: 9652: 9625: 9589: 9550: 9095: 9083: 8937: 8824: 8806: 8624: 8381: 8348: 8321: 8261: 8237: 8211: 8193: 8138: 8130: 8089: 8071: 7774: 7740: 7649: 7479: 7420: 7371: 7306: 7278: 7223: 7179: 7171: 7128: 7110: 7011: 6968: 6936: 6752: 6622: 6578: 6535: 6378: 6332:

Yanega, D. (1993). "Environmental effects on male production and social structure in

6100: 6082: 6043: 5984: 5953: 5928: 5905: 5901: 5854: 5688: 5660: 5601: 5531: 5478: 5465: 5408: 5354: 5319: 5138: 5069: 5044: 5021: 4971: 4917: 4886: 4874: 4816: 4774: 4674: 4646: 4641: 4598: 4579: 4571: 4498: 4484: 4444: 4390: 4364: 4197: 3395: 3268: 3244: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3081: 3001: 2697: 2570: 2422: 2408: 2396: 1937: 1847: 1836: 1784: 1689: 1678: 1648: 1209: 345: 27: 9465: 9285:. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Archived from 8676: 8150: 7332:"Mechanosensory hairs in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) detect weak electric fields" 7191: 6590: 6357: 6318: 5965: 5866: 5539: 5490: 5282: 5194: 4979: 4929: 4828: 4289:

about, making a buzzing noise, and apparently calling on the others to go to sleep".

3716:, but "kings" rather than queens; predators including toads and bee-eaters; and the 1887:. The group is called eusocial if, in addition, the group consists of a mother (the 1880: 13315: 13197: 13090: 13085: 12951: 12470: 12426: 12414: 12335: 12137: 11942: 11889: 11884: 11818: 11803: 11745: 11710: 11560: 11555: 11488: 11454: 11382: 10966: 10898: 10698: 10255: 10006: 9769: 9679: 9648: 9621: 9492: 9453: 9339: 9075: 8927: 8917: 8827:. Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences. 29 January 2007. 8796: 8788: 8668: 8664: 8604: 8286: 8201: 8185: 8120: 8079: 8061: 7841: 7833: 7730: 7682: 7451: 7410: 7402: 7361: 7351: 7268: 7260: 7163: 7118: 7100: 7001: 6991: 6926: 6916: 6570: 6519: 6345: 6306: 6176: 6090: 6074: 6033: 6025: 5945: 5897: 5880:

Hamilton, W. D. (20 March 1964). "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour II".

5846: 5798:, with Notes on the Temporal Articulation of Oviposition Process in Stingless Bees" 5650: 5640: 5591: 5581: 5527: 5470: 5460: 5420: 5398: 5390: 5270: 5262: 5180: 5172: 5128: 5118: 5074: 5064: 5016: 4967: 4943:

Almeida, Eduardo A. B.; Pie, Marcio R.; Brady, Sean G.; Danforth, Bryan N. (2012).

4909: 4866: 4808: 4764: 4754: 4715: 4636: 4618: 4561: 4476: 4434: 4354: 4344: 3651: 3493: 3276: 3215: 3057: 3045: 3041: 3017: 3005: 2758:, leading to the colony's destruction; the parasites can then move to other hives. 2671: 2629: 2604: 2507: 2265: 2165: 2153: 2134: 674: 543: 369: 12859: 9497: 9480: 9079: 7081:"Division of labor in honey bee gut microbiota for plant polysaccharide digestion" 5621:"The bee tree of life: a supermatrix approach to apoid phylogeny and biogeography" 4870: 2862:, specialises in feeding on bees; here a male catches a nuptial gift for his mate. 1707:

The abdomen has nine segments, the hindermost three being modified into the sting.

1258: 486:

for stingless bees) has been practised for millennia, since at least the times of

12841: 12753: 12438: 12283: 12268: 12263: 12198: 11879: 11843: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11670: 11642: 11416: 11339: 10927: 10428: 10331: 10237: 9939: 9923: 9666:

Goulson, Dave; Nicholls, Elizabeth; Botías, Cristina; Rotheray, Ellen L. (2015).

9243: 9168: 9109: 8987: 8961: 8922: 8849: 8189: 8066: 7701: 7330:

Suttona, Gregory P.; Clarkea, Dominic; Morleya, Erica L.; Robert, Daniel (2016).

6616: 4759: 4719: 4417: 3806: 3764: 3442: 2965:. However, some bees are believed to have a mutualistic relationship with mites. 2858: 2776: 2755: 2726: 2709: 2687: 2587: 2502: 2489: 2418: 2392: 2028: 1919: 1733: 1063: 813: 796: 670: 595: 483: 425: 412: 115: 12502: 11957: 8166:"The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae" 5158:"An Early Eocene bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Quilchena, British Columbia" 506:

have practiced large-scale intensive meliponiculture since pre-Columbian times.

13441: 13332: 13305: 13231: 13105: 12989: 12922: 12765: 12731: 12724: 12278: 12243: 12035: 11962: 11947: 11927: 11665: 11510: 11505: 11399: 11387: 11123: 10875: 10748: 10663: 10625: 10515: 10505: 10500: 10436: 10375: 10306: 10265: 10245: 10205: 10176: 9971: 9809: 8870:"What a scientist didn't tell the New York Times about his study on bee deaths" 4006: 3905: 3897: 3864: 3849: 3601: 3588: 3546: 3508: 3446: 3323: 3223: 3207: 3199: 3195: 2953: 2935: 2916: 2714: 2705: 2692: 2667: 2617: 2592: 2458: 2454: 2438: 2373: 2368: 2355: 2341: 2225: 1914: 1851: 1807: 1149: 1022: 901: 893: 805: 800: 697: 542:

Based on phylogenetic analysis, bees are thought to have originated during the

491: 9457: 8608: 8125: 8108: 7837: 7498:. Batesian mimicry .. is exemplified by members of several families of flies: 7167: 6574: 5586: 5562:"Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees" 4566: 4541: 4480: 4439: 4412: 4325:"The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology" 1993:(Apidae) include some primitively eusocial species with similar biology. Some 1514: 314: 13529: 13523: 13388: 12933: 12813: 12748: 12719: 12379: 12303: 12235: 11324: 11240: 11204: 11196: 10880: 10703: 10683: 10643: 10615: 10275: 10250: 10213: 10192: 9998: 9344: 9327: 8723:"Wild bees just as important as domesticated bees for pollinating food crops" 8432: 8244:; and many others since questioning Gottfried Hermann's 1806 equation of the 8197: 8134: 8075: 7719:"Seeing in the dark: vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps" 7175: 7114: 6833: 6801: 6582: 6086: 5645: 5123: 4878: 4575: 4257: 4252: 4095: 3975: 3881: 3574: 3522: 3421: 3327: 3033: 2997: 2920: 2893: 2879: 2781: 2477: 2466: 2377: 2336: 2329: 2291: 2229: 2194: 2024: 1973: 1952: 1929: 1831: 1755: 1716: 1667: 1558: 1057: 1016: 607: 603: 551: 487: 393: 381: 291: 79: 12188: 9684: 9667: 8038: 7455: 7356: 7105: 6996: 6921: 6265:

Brooks, R. W.; Roubik, D. W. (1983). "A Halictine bee with distinct castes:

6181: 5949: 5850: 4812: 4349: 4322: 3136:, boosting the next generations immunity and improving overall hive health. 2581: 2125: 2083: 683:, was initially considered "an extinct lineage of pollen-collecting Apoidea 13320: 13285: 13209: 12979: 12826:

Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)

12803: 12781: 12736: 12614: 12273: 12178: 11813: 11740: 11705: 11550: 11483: 11406: 11344: 11266: 11227: 11128: 11090: 11073: 10839: 10802: 10794: 10688: 10678: 10668: 10580: 10550: 10446: 10418: 10398: 10380: 10218: 10061: 10053: 10011: 9884: 9693: 9190: 9087: 8992: 8981:

Fears for crops as shock figures from America show scale of bee catastrophe

8941: 8810: 8277:

Scheinberg, Susan (1979). "The Bee Maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes".

8215: 8142: 8093: 7744: 7530: 7424: 7406: 7375: 7282: 7264: 7183: 7132: 7015: 6940: 6539: 6104: 6078: 6047: 5957: 5858: 5664: 5605: 5482: 5412: 5219:, a New Fossil Bee Species from Dominican Amber (Hymenoptera:Halictidae)". 5142: 4921: 4820: 4778: 4650: 4623: 4583: 4517: 4448: 4368: 4247: 4055: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3845: 3837: 3717: 3629:(2015) tells the tale of a hive bee named Flora 717 from hatching onwards. 3619: 3609: 3560: 3097: 3085: 3073: 2908: 2793: 2682: 2426: 2412: 2400: 2272: 2094: 2077: 1904: 1792: 1773: 1765: 1724: 1542: 1439: 1378: 1374: 1239: 1169: 897: 578: 281: 12215: 11932: 11911: 6310: 6061:

Brady, Seán G.; Sipes, Sedonia; Pearson, Adam; Danforth, Bryan N. (2006).

5909: 2039:

bees for these species. Solitary bees typically produce neither honey nor

13488: 13479: 13383: 13214: 13185: 13110: 13080: 13034: 12984: 12808: 12650: 12147: 12127: 11995: 11874: 11637: 11113: 11095: 11000: 10979: 10953: 10865: 10852: 10784: 10776: 10766: 10758: 10600: 10590: 10570: 10520: 10510: 10470: 10413: 10390: 10365: 10355: 10321: 10270: 10032: 9955: 9841: 7515: 5474: 5000:

Michez, Denis; Nel, Andre; Menier, Jean-Jacques; Rasmont, Pierre (2007).

4215: 4161: 4010: 3990: 3818: 3803: 3713: 3700: 3688: 3684: 3532: 3473: 3284: 3256: 3240: 3185: 3121: 3093: 2831: 2660: 2613: 2522: 2514: 2198: 2044: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1812: 1423: 1052: 927: 922: 878: 850: 817: 788: 775: 769: 749: 733: 687:

to the modern bees", but subsequent research has rejected the claim that

536: 519: 499: 385: 341: 203: 54: 12623: 12220: 11695: 9789: 9007:"Beekeepers Report Continued Heavy Losses From Colony Collapse Disorder" 7298: 6029: 5936:(5880). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1213–1216. 5805:

Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series Vi. Zoology

5758: 5248:"Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)" 5232: 5079: 4309:

Engel, M. S. (2005) Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea).

2324: 440:, the former primarily as an energy source and the latter primarily for 13160: 13155: 13012: 12927: 12308: 12298: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12193: 12067: 12025: 12005: 11977: 11967: 11354: 11235: 11219: 11211: 11200: 11192: 11171: 11118: 10995: 10987: 10945: 10919: 10847: 10727: 10693: 10605: 10565: 10555: 10540: 10403: 10285: 10260: 10184: 10148: 10024: 9947: 8696:"Pollinators help one-third of world's crop production, says new study" 8109:"Functional roles and metabolic niches in the honey bee gut microbiota" 7845: 7770:

Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution

7735: 7718: 7668: 6531: 6349: 5374:

Biani, Natalia B.; Mueller, Ulrich G.; Wcislo, William T. (June 2009).

4632: 4149: 4087: 4059: 3940: 3810: 3638: 3426: 3211: 2970: 2932: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2803: 2798: 2762: 2641: 2625: 2518: 2450: 2364: 2307: 2119: 2111: 2073: 2065: 2057: 2032: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1738: 1537: 1509: 1481: 1370: 1349: 1173: 1079: 984: 954: 867: 863: 854: 846: 821: 774:

The earliest animal-pollinated flowers were shallow, cup-shaped blooms

709: 684: 591: 587: 583: 570: 479: 420: 408: 401: 286: 276: 271: 261: 99: 64: 19:

This article is about the group of flying insects. For other uses, see

13493: 12642: 9780: 8792: 8616: 8464:"The Bees by Laline Paull review – a fantasy with a sting in its tail" 8380:. Springer Science & Business Media. 12 March 2008. p. 1074. 8298: 7475:

Bumble Bees and Cuckoo Bumble Bees of California (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

6483:"Spring signals female bees to lay the next generation of pollinators" 5403: 5185: 3904:

report warned that bees faced increased risk of extinction because of

2009: 877:, 2018, elevated the subfamilies (plus one tribe and one subtribe) of 13378: 12994: 12709: 12313: 12293: 12288: 12097: 12082: 11899: 11604: 11188: 11184: 11138: 11103: 11029: 11021: 11008: 10958: 10932: 10890: 10860: 10740: 10735: 10708: 10673: 10658: 10560: 10535: 10490: 10462: 10408: 10360: 10316: 10311: 10298: 10103: 10095: 10074: 9872: 9860: 8567: 7686: 7511: 7507: 7499: 5274: 4666: 4200:

which are abdominal exocrine glands containing various chemicals. In

4193: 4157: 4067: 4063: 4018: 4014: 3944: 3833: 3814: 3664: 3596: 3485: 3453: 3437:. Honey, according to a Greek myth, was discovered by a nymph called 3370: 3362: 3358: 3346: 3331: 3306: 3295: 3173: 3161: 3153: 3105: 3065: 2993: 2949: 2912: 2867: 2786: 2751: 2722: 2633: 2550: 2533: 2399:, indicating the range and direction to food to other workers with a 2268: 2130: 2107: 2048: 1948: 1888: 1795:

species such as bees because of their unusual relatedness structure.

1697: 1011: 950: 889: 859: 713: 628: 599: 532: 528: 523: 461: 453: 397: 389: 377: 373: 353: 183: 163: 104: 48: 13450: 11952: 11828: 7219:

Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization

6523: 5444:

Klimov, Pavel B.; OConnor, Barry M.; Knowles, L. Lacey (June 2007).

5176: 5043:

Sarzetti, Laura C.; Lanandeira, Conrad C.; Genise, Jorge F. (2008).

2890:

dig up bumblebee nests and eat both the larvae and any stored food.

1741:

whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) in length.

388:

in colonies while most species (>90%) – including

13473: 13275: 13180: 13022: 13017: 12798: 12340: 12225: 12152: 12132: 12077: 12020: 12015: 12010: 11580: 11308: 11133: 10906: 10816: 10635: 10475: 10124: 10082: 10040: 9990: 9984: 9963: 9895: 9878: 9793: 9784: 8825:"Honey Bee Die-Off Alarms Beekeepers, Crop Growers and Researchers" 8652: 8290: 8260:(NY: Courier, 1937; reprinted as recently as NY: Dover, 2012), 97. 7503: 5771: 5394: 4735:"The Antiquity and Evolutionary History of Social Behavior in Bees" 4323:

Danforth, B. N.; Sipes, S.; Fang, J.; Brady, S. G. (October 2006).

4276: 4173: 4165: 4083: 3986: 3948: 3753: 3676: 3405: 3378: 3374: 3373:

on lawns and for other agricultural uses destroy the livelihood of

3366: 3354: 3342: 3338: 3291: 3264: 3248: 3219: 3184:

to receive vital nutrients they cannot create on their own such as

3181: 3157: 3129: 3109: 3101: 3089: 3053: 3029: 3025: 3013: 3009: 2989: 2945: 2651:

of other aposematic insects with the same colour scheme, including

2637: 2493:). Digestion of pectin and hemicellulose is dominated by bacterial 2233: 2069: 1960: 1933: 1819: 1769: 1205: 754: 725: 702: 643:, leading to the extinction of some bee lineages such as the tribe 547: 515: 449: 223: 213: 119: 94: 89: 74: 69: 59: 12559: 12511: 9491:(2). Taylor & Francis, Journal of Apicultural Research: 1–28. 8898:"Iridovirus and Microsporidian Linked to Honey Bee Colony Decline" 7391:"Bees use the taste of pollen to determine which flowers to visit" 7205:

Plant guttation provides nutrient-rich food for insects - Journals

7030:"How honey bee gut bacteria help to digest their pollen-rich diet" 6401: 5619:

Hedtke, Shannon M.; Patiny, Sébastien; Danforth, Bryan M. (2013).

4732: 4513:"Widespread losses of pollinating insects revealed across Britain" 3504: 2725:. Females of these species lack pollen collecting structures (the 1875:

colonies; these are characterised by cooperative brood care and a

1867:

Bees may be solitary or may live in various types of communities.

1692:

are adapted for both chewing and sucking by having both a pair of

368:. There are over 20,000 known species of bees in seven recognized 13270: 13226: 13192: 13170: 13125: 12450: 12208: 12142: 12112: 12092: 12087: 12072: 12052: 11906: 11894: 11864: 11823: 11787: 11720: 11675: 11471: 11432: 11063: 10909:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets) 9931: 9286: 7495: 6067:

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences

6063:"Recent and simultaneous origins of eusociality in halictid bees" 5511:

Debevec, Andrew H.; Cardinal, Sophie; Danforth, Bryan N. (2012).

4169: 4091: 4051: 4047: 4036: 3994: 3696: 3672: 3660: 3623: 3573:(1984) uses bees and beekeeping as part of its story and puzzle. 3489: 3477: 3469: 3438: 3260: 3236: 3177: 2928: 2871: 2835: 2747: 2742:) are being destroyed by parasitic workers of the Cape honeybee, 2656: 2600: 2527: 2434: 2099: 2040: 1803: 1799: 1383: 717: 692: 648: 457: 441: 411:, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated 357: 233: 109: 84: 9452:(4). Taylor & Francis, Ecology Food and Nutrition: 257–270. 7472:

Thorp, Robbin W.; Horning, Donald S.; Dunning, Lorry L. (1983).

6269:(Hymenoptera: Halictidae) and its bionomics in Central Panama". 6003: 5680: 3872:

mites were thought to be responsible for about half the losses.

1791:. The requirements for eusociality are more easily fulfilled by 1731:

The largest species of bee is thought to be Wallace's giant bee

13204: 12905: 12894: 12786: 12760: 12535: 12367: 12157: 12047: 12030: 12000: 11780: 11735: 11725: 11466: 11349: 11179: 10495: 9866: 9854: 7887:"Found! First Known Predator To Lure Prey By Mimicking Flowers" 7699: 5100: 4079: 4040: 3854: 3759: 3748: 3680: 3461: 3434: 3430: 3409: 3350: 3315: 3311: 3272: 3203: 2958: 2887: 2827: 2789: 2718: 2554: 2462: 2425:

in the honey bee. He showed that honey bees communicate by the

2359: 2311: 2249: 1964: 1943: 1720: 1671: 1418: 792: 779: 729: 666: 636: 624: 574: 555: 503: 437: 433: 329: 266: 193: 173: 13436: 9033:"Hiver fatal pour la moitié des colonies d'abeilles en Suisse" 8653:"A 17th Century Testimony on the Use of Ceramic Top-bar Hives" 8170:

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

6287: 3044:

can spike, leading to unhealthy bee hives and honey shortage.

2383: 1760: 13175: 12402: 12057: 11730: 11609: 11592: 10338: 8344:

The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland

6122:. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 4177: 4124: 4023: 3982: 3841: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3668: 3526: 3457: 3416: 3319: 3280: 3252: 3189: 3165: 3133: 3077: 3021: 2561: 2494: 2376:, it flaps approximately 230 times per second, faster than a 2276: 2217: 2053: 1843: 1681:

usually have 13 segments in males and 12 in females, and are

988: 445: 361: 349: 9758: 8163: 7389:

Muth, Felicity; Francis, Jacob S.; Leonard, Anne S. (2016).

6972:"Honey bees Navigate According to a Map-Like Spatial Memory" 5828: 4791: 3643: 3056:

lowers the morbidity rate of honey bees by preventing those

2536:

drops from leaves is also a source of energy and nutrients.

2388: 13219: 12506: 11715: 11277: 11071: 7437: 7329: 6236: 5267:

10.1206/0003-0090(2000)250<0001:COTBTA>2.0.CO;2

4899: 4538: 4409: 4119: 4075: 4071: 4032: 4028: 3608:. Critics found its premise awkward and its delivery tame. 3169: 3142: 2962: 2907:

Specialist ambush predators of visitors to flowers include

2652: 2221: 2115: 1802:(has only one copy of each gene), his daughters (which are 1656: 632: 444:

and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for their

333: 9262:. US Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, No. 653 3326:

and lead to a higher morbidity rate in honey bees. "These

2911:, which wait on flowering plants for pollinating insects; 11050: 11042: 9611: 9481:"Standard methods for Apis mellifera brood as human food" 6771:"Is it aerodynamically impossible for bumblebees to fly?" 6060: 3024:. Recently these types of bees have been observed eating 2674:) with the furry lip of the flower, thus pollinating it. 337: 9198: 8747: 8008:"Zygosaccharomyces - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 7539:. Oxford University Press. pp. 196, 403 and passim. 6726: 6370: 5983:(5th ed.). Wiley Blackwell. pp. 328, 348–350. 5346: 5042: 3691:

crops and to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers.

9407:(This particular Botok recipe uses anchovies, not bees) 9255: 6675:. The South Carolina Mid-State Beekeepers Association. 6402:

Parker, Frank D.; Torchio, Philip F. (1 October 1980).

5510: 4942: 3862:. In 2010 invertebrate iridescent virus and the fungus 2457:

sugars and so easily absorbed, pollen contains complex

1997:

bees (Apidae) form primitively eusocial colonies, with

884:

to family status. They also recovered the placement of

558:. The supercontinent is thought to have been a largely 546:(about 124 million years ago) on the supercontinent of 9311:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 19 January 2012. 5559: 4999: 4471:

Stingless Bees: Their Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution

3441:("Bee"); and honey was offered to the Greek gods from 2779:". Others parasitize bees in different families, like 1959:

Many bumblebees are eusocial, similar to the eusocial

1421:(inc. honeybees, cuckoo bees, carpenter bees) ≈87 Mya 695:

to which bees belong, instead treating the lineage as

8766: 8107:

Bonilla-Rosso, Germán; Engel, Philipp (1 June 2018).

7762: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7438:

Hurd, P.D. Jr.; Linsley, E.G. (1975). "The principal

7305:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 80. 7299:

Dafni, Amots; Hesse, Michael; Pacini, Ettore (2012).

7078: 6004:

Nowak, Martin; Tarnita, Corina; Wilson, E.O. (2010).

4094:

as well as vitamin C. The fat was composed mostly of

3928:, leading to less reliance on honey bee populations. 3337:

With the research provided on the positive impact of

2841: 26:"Anthophila" redirects here. For the moth genus, see 9783: – North American species of bees at 9478: 8236:(Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1980), 11. 6797:"Life, animal and plant news, articles and features" 6374:

The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study

5618: 5443: 5350:

The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study

5325: 5309:

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia

4542:"The evolutionary history of bees in time and space" 4413:"The evolutionary history of bees in time and space" 4196:

are mostly associated with the poison gland and the

3108:

that have shown to be toxic towards the bee colony.

2802:, while the other species in the same genus attacks 2023:

Most other bees, including familiar insects such as

344:

and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the

12889: 8650: 8115:. Environmental Microbiology * The New Microscopy. 7471: 7467: 7465: 5774:"Oviposition Behavior of Two Dwarf Stingless Bees, 2659:

and other beetles, and many butterflies and moths (

904:, was recovered as the most sister family to bees. 862:. In their study, the placement of the monogeneric 9584:(2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 9391:"Botok Tempe Tahu Teri (Botok Tempe Tofu Anchovy)" 9361:"U.N. Urges Eating Insects: 8 Popular Bugs to Try" 8228:Susan Scheinberg, "The Bee Maidens of the Homeric 8106: 7827: 7751: 7388: 7215: 5373: 5255:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4794:"A fossil bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber" 4389:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 19–25. 2792:, two species of which are cleptoparasites of the 2380:(200 times per second) which is 80 times smaller. 2047:have similar behaviours, and a few species of bee 9576:"Chapter 9: Pharmacologic and Biologic Therapies" 9358: 8896:W. Wanner; Robert A. Cramer Jr (6 October 2010). 8566: 8276: 4700:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 4139:Fried whole bees served in a Ukrainian restaurant 3659:Humans have kept honey bee colonies, commonly in 3404:Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses. 3028:, suggesting that honey bees have been “foraging 2978: 2952:. Honey bees are affected by parasites including 2931:are large wasps that habitually attack bees; the 1918:, native to Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. 677:. A fossil from the early Cretaceous (~100 mya), 13521: 9839: 9211:Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education 8542: 7773:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 215–216. 7767:Chittka, Lars; Thomson, James D. (28 May 2001). 7706:. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 28–29. 7462: 6614: 4667:Buchmann, Stephen L.; Nabhan, Gary Paul (2012). 4475:. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer New York. 3480:, and by political and social theorists such as 2738:In Southern Africa, hives of African honeybees ( 9280: 9186:"EU agrees total ban on bee-harming pesticides" 9057: 8580:. Clarendon Press. pp. Book 9, Section 40. 7914: 7828:Friedmann, Herbert (1955). "The Honey-Guides". 7085:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6901:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5439: 5437: 5342: 5340: 4697: 4316: 3832:has overtaken the role of honey production for 3521:Some of the oldest examples of bees in art are 3449:and the prophetess was sometimes called a bee. 3271:sp. is essential for S. depilis larvae”. These 2595:of bees, taking nectar and pollinating a flower 1749: 1674:) which provide information on light intensity. 9505: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8028: 7862:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Archived from 7766: 7648:(5th ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 347. 7643: 7246: 7222:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 110–. 6958:. Harcourt, Brace & World. pp. 93–96. 6458:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Archived from 6206:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Archived from 5978: 5873: 5772:Sakagami, Shôichi F.; Zucchi, Ronaldo (1974). 5155: 4662: 4660: 4609:(4). National Academy of Sciences: 1661–1664. 4380: 4378: 3425:describes three bee-maidens with the power of 3235:As mentioned above, honey bees cannot produce 3000:with vital nutrients. Specific fungi, such as 2938:estimated that a single colony of the beewolf 1970:International Union for Conservation of Nature 691:is a bee, or even a member of the superfamily 12875: 11293: 9825: 9443: 8720: 8589: 8587: 8562: 8560: 7830:Bulletin of the United States National Museum 7478:. University of California Press. p. 9. 6432:. Royal Entomological Society. Archived from 5740: 5333:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–67. 5221:Journal of the New York Entomological Society 4733:Cardinal, Sophie; Danforth, Bryan N. (2011). 4046:Bee brood (pupae and larvae) although low in 3836:in many countries. After the introduction of 3555:(1910) features Babbity Bumble and her brood 2882:attacks bees' nests and eats the larvae. The 2666:Bees are also mimicked by plants such as the 2395:(1953) discovered that honey bee workers can 2004: 9714:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9421:(in Indonesian). Sayangi.com. Archived from 9410: 9352: 8370: 8368: 8258:The Sacred Bee in Ancient Times and Folklore 6768: 6618:Ecology and Natural History of Tropical Bees 6264: 5710: 5708: 5434: 5353:. Harvard University Press. pp. 22–78. 5337: 4893: 4214:. There is also evidence of n-triscosane, n- 3981:Honey bees are used commercially to produce 3778: 3389: 3012:ruber, produce chemicals that fight against 2717:occur in several bee families including the 2345: 606:(with an offshoot lineage evolving into the 9574:Ades, Terri B.; Russel, Jill, eds. (2009). 8843:Scientists and Soldiers Solve a Bee Mystery 8548: 8025: 6947: 6722: 6720: 6505: 6503: 5747:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 5687:. Cambridge University Press. p. 454. 5681:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005). 5676: 5674: 5331:Evolution of Plant-Pollinator Relationships 4842: 4657: 4375: 3384: 2481:), and two other groups in complex sugars ( 2384:Navigation, communication, and finding food 2372:as the bee's wing beat covers such a small 1651:of a honey bee, showing labium and maxillae 791:, flowers developed floral rewards such as 12882: 12868: 11300: 11286: 9832: 9818: 9573: 9383: 9256:Hunt, C.L.; Atwater, H.W. (7 April 1915). 9183: 8584: 8557: 8340: 7931:"Honey Bee Disorders: Honey Bee Parasites" 7700:Moure, Jesus S.; Hurd, Paul David (1987). 7145: 6953: 6621:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. 6608: 5822: 5612: 4590: 4221: 4144: 372:. Some species – including 127: 13535:Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances 9683: 9638: 9614:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 9567: 9496: 9343: 8931: 8921: 8800: 8651:Harissis, H. V.; Mavrofridis, G. (2012). 8593: 8365: 8334: 8205: 8124: 8083: 8065: 7734: 7442:bees of the southwestern United States". 7414: 7365: 7355: 7272: 7209: 7122: 7104: 7005: 6995: 6930: 6920: 6480: 6377:. Harvard University Press. p. 308. 6230:"Bumblebee Specialist Group: 2011 Update" 6196: 6180: 6094: 6037: 5921: 5919: 5705: 5654: 5644: 5595: 5585: 5464: 5402: 5329:(2012). "3". In Patiny, Sébastien (ed.). 5239: 5208: 5184: 5132: 5122: 5078: 5068: 5020: 5009:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 4768: 4758: 4640: 4622: 4565: 4438: 4358: 4348: 4031:, bee larvae are eaten as a companion to 3902:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2521:, some are not. Particularly unusual are 2201:remains in the flower with a bee visitor. 1662:Bees have the following characteristics: 748:Long-tongued bees and long-tubed flowers 659:The oldest non-compression bee fossil is 407:Bees are found on every continent except 9537: 9035:. Radio Télévision Suisse. 22 May 2012. 7634:(1): 28–31. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 7294: 7292: 6717: 6509: 6500: 5879: 5671: 5553: 4848: 4384: 4156:that uses honey bee products, including 3911: 3875: 3720:, with the "irresistible suggestion" of 3650: 3642: 3503: 3499: 3399: 3176:. Bee larvae are incapable of producing 2892: 2851: 2681: 2612: 2580: 2387: 2323: 2224:stage during which the insect undergoes 2175: 2124: 2082: 2008: 1942: 1842: 1830: 1759: 1710: 1642: 1634:Characteristics of common wasps and bees 841:Molecular phylogeny was used by Debevic 743: 498:where beekeeping is far more common. In 8733:from the original on 6 September 2017. 7716: 7644:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2014). 7494:Of the forms of mimicry, two relate to 6861:"Deciphering the Mystery of Bee Flight" 6853: 6132: 5979:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2014). 5549:from the original on 23 September 2015. 5302: 5090:from the original on 24 September 2015. 5032:from the original on 23 September 2015. 4989:from the original on 21 September 2013. 4792:Poinar, G. O.; Danforth, B. N. (2006). 3824: 3301: 3230: 2576: 2544: 1768:, along with a dead yellowjacket. Such 448:. Vertebrate predators of bees include 13522: 13166:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 9607: 9605: 9549:. World Scientific. pp. 221–224. 8361:from the original on 28 November 2016. 8311: 8279:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 8248:with bee-maidens. Heinrich Gottfried, 8234:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 7787:from the original on 24 December 2016. 6871:from the original on 17 September 2016 6552: 6391:from the original on 24 December 2016. 6331: 6159: 6117: 5916: 4785: 4466: 3943:(Apidae) are important pollinators of 3785:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 3064:(CCD) is when worker bees abandon the 2441:with a "rich, map-like organization". 2328:Honeybee in flight carrying pollen in 2294:nests in a cedar wood beam (sawn open) 845:, 2012, to demonstrate that the bees ( 816:, and, in turn, bees themselves. Bees 531:scenario may have occurred within the 13455: 13454: 12863: 11281: 9813: 9531: 9416: 9204: 9039:from the original on 12 November 2012 8817: 8683:from the original on 19 October 2015. 8461: 7983:"Curious about Fungi and Honey Bees?" 7980: 7885:Choi, Charles Q. (30 November 2013). 7809:from the original on 6 September 2015 7799:"Hornet attacks kill dozens in China" 7646:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 7492:from the original on 5 January 2017. 7289: 5981:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 5292:from the original on 10 January 2011. 5245: 5214: 5156:Engel, M.S.; Archibald, S.B. (2003). 4596: 4206:, the Dufour's Gland mostly contains 3993:, though all of these can also cause 3747:Beekeeping is described in detail by 3511:'s illustration of Babbity Bumble in 3445:. Bees were also associated with the 2866:Vertebrate predators of bees include 2677: 618:Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 566:among bees ever since their origins. 514:The immediate ancestors of bees were 9184:Carrington, Damian (27 April 2018). 8955:"Honey bees in US facing extinction" 8876:from the original on 19 October 2012 8867: 8693: 8639:A Treatise on the Management of Bees 7884: 7860:"What predators do bumblebees have?" 7529: 7444:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 7247:Renner, S. S.; Schaefer, H. (2010). 6246:from the original on 3 December 2012 6192:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5204:from the original on 12 August 2017. 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4263: 3968: 3529:which have been dated to 15,000 BC. 2983: 2271:, wax canopy removed to show winged 2019:, cutting circles from acacia leaves 9632: 9602: 9246:. Diss. 2011. Web. 15 October 2015. 8404: 8314:The Hive: the Story of the Honeybee 7319:from the original on 28 March 2018. 7236:from the original on 28 March 2018. 6809:from the original on 7 October 2008 6291:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 5997: 5701:from the original on 28 March 2018. 5430:from the original on 28 March 2018. 3287:a larger area and more frequently. 3036:medicine to boost their collective 870:was not included in this analysis. 471:is important both ecologically and 13: 9563:from the original on 7 March 2017. 9417:Haris, Emmaria (6 December 2013). 9315:from the original on 30 June 2016. 9309:"Propolis:MedlinePlus Supplements" 9150:from the original on 29 July 2013. 8868:Eban, Katherine (8 October 2010). 8530:from the original on 22 March 2016 7605:. Amateur Entomologists' Society. 6865:California Institute of Technology 6841:from the original on 23 March 2016 6635:from the original on 17 June 2016. 6406:. Beesource Beekeeping Community. 6141:from the original on 29 March 2015 5818:from the original on 4 March 2016. 5367: 4914:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153633 4035:, after being mixed with shredded 3687:from hives; bees are also kept to 3341:on bees, the relationship between 2842:Predators, parasites and pathogens 1638: 539:evolved from predatory ancestors. 360:. They are currently considered a 14: 13546: 9751: 9519:from the original on 18 June 2015 9397:from the original on 26 June 2015 9359:Holland, Jennifer (14 May 2013). 9174:(London). Retrieved 30 March 2014 9120:from the original on 28 July 2015 9013:from the original on 31 July 2010 9009:. Sciencedaily.com. 12 May 2008. 8831:from the original on 17 May 2008. 8504:from the original on 9 March 2016 8443:from the original on 23 June 2015 8413:from the original on 30 June 2015 8394:from the original on 4 July 2014. 7893:from the original on 30 June 2015 6777:from the original on 3 March 2009 6727:Shuckard, William Edward (1866). 6653:from the original on 29 June 2015 6410:from the original on 26 June 2015 6371:Michener, Charles Duncan (1974). 5347:Michener, Charles Duncan (1974). 5315:from the original on 1 July 2015. 4687:from the original on 27 May 2016. 4525: 4455: 3361:. The recent studies done on the 2923:of the tropics) wait motionless, 2809: 1772:behaviour may be favoured by the 1442:(mason, leafcutter bees) ≈50 Mya 550:, just prior to its breakup into 13435: 12835: 12501: 12469: 9722: 9659: 9472: 9437: 9319: 9301: 9274: 9249: 9177: 9154: 9132: 9102: 9051: 9025: 8999: 8973: 8948: 8888: 8861: 8835: 8760: 8741: 8714: 8702:from the original on 9 July 2015 8687: 8644: 8631: 8516: 8486: 8474:from the original on 1 July 2015 8455: 8425: 8398: 8305: 8270: 8222: 8157: 8100: 8000: 7981:White, Katie (2 February 2022). 7937:from the original on 1 July 2015 7673:and Nesting Biology of its Host 7609:from the original on 2 July 2015 7583:from the original on 7 July 2015 7557:from the original on 8 July 2015 7551:"Bee Orchids and Insect Mimicry" 6705:from the original on 1 July 2015 6679:from the original on 1 July 2015 6649:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. 5722:from the original on 1 July 2015 5532:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00549.x 5500:from the original on 4 May 2019. 5466:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00119.x 5070:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00787.x 5022:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00307.x 4972:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02624.x 4673:. Island Press. pp. 41–42. 4282: 4132: 4111: 3956: 3933: 3655:Western honey bee on a honeycomb 2830:) contain some species that are 2632:by non-stinging insects such as 2299: 2284: 2257: 2142:are often sold for this purpose. 1562: 1541: 1513: 1485: 1443: 1422: 1382: 1257: 1208: 1172: 1152: 1082: 1062: 1021: 987: 953: 926: 866:was uncertain. The small family 720:. The Melittidae are known from 404: – are solitary. 150: 52: 11011:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps) 9485:Journal of Apicultural Research 8841:Johnson, Kirk (6 October 2010) 8694:Yang, Sarah (25 October 2006). 8113:Current Opinion in Microbiology 7974: 7949: 7923: 7908: 7878: 7852: 7821: 7791: 7723:Journal of Experimental Biology 7710: 7693: 7662: 7637: 7629:Norwegian Journal of Entomology 7621: 7595: 7569: 7543: 7523: 7431: 7382: 7323: 7240: 7198: 7139: 7072: 7047: 7022: 6962: 6888: 6821: 6789: 6762: 6741: 6691: 6665: 6639: 6597: 6546: 6474: 6448: 6422: 6395: 6364: 6325: 6281: 6258: 6222: 6162:"Stingless bee nesting biology" 6153: 6126: 6111: 6054: 5972: 5765: 5734: 5504: 5296: 5149: 5094: 5036: 4993: 4936: 4726: 4691: 4270: 4050:, has been found to be high in 3802:Bees play an important role in 3797: 3192:to complete their development. 2988:Recent studies have shown that 2903:paralysing a bee with its sting 2279:in irregularly placed wax cells 1789:Cost < Relatedness * Benefit 1561:(large Australian bees) ≈2 Mya 356:lineage within the superfamily 13281:Home-stored product entomology 9259:Honey and Its Uses in the Home 9160:Gosden, Emily (29 March 2014) 8979:Benjamin, Alison (2 May 2010) 8721:Connor, Steve (16 June 2015). 8669:10.1080/0005772x.2012.11417481 8526:. Bee Lore. 23 February 2008. 8462:Jones, Gwyneth (21 May 2014). 8347:. Penguin Books. p. 128. 7717:Warrant, Eric J. (June 2008). 7536:Adaptive Coloration in Animals 6733:. L. Reeve & Co. pp. 6604:The Bees of the World, Volum 1 6006:"The evolution of eusociality" 5882:Journal of Theoretical Biology 4505: 4403: 4303: 3757:; it is also mentioned in his 3647:A commercial beekeeper at work 3594:The 2007 animated comedy film 3218:. The introduction of certain 3156:relationship between bees and 3112:also plays a role in boosting 2979:Symbiosis of Mycelium and Bees 2513:Although most bee species are 2138:nests in a hole in dead wood. 1826: 784:syndrome of insect pollination 739: 415:. The most common bees in the 1: 13364:Decline in insect populations 12957:List of insect-inspired songs 11230:(mason bees, leafcutter bees) 9730:"Why bees are climate heroes" 9498:10.1080/00218839.2016.1226606 9479:Annette Bruun Jensen (2016). 9446:Ecology of Food and Nutrition 9080:10.1126/science.335.6076.1555 8641:(London, 1768, 2nd edn 1770). 8551:Animal and Man in Bible Lands 8524:"Beekeeping in Ancient Egypt" 8232:", in Albert Heinrichs, ed., 6430:"Solitary Bees (Hymenoptera)" 4871:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104770 4385:Michener, Charles D. (2000). 4296: 3978:in Spain dated to 15,000 BC. 3632: 3147: 2354:had applied the equations of 2205: 849:) arose from deep within the 631:, and then spreading east to 12592:(metal in the United States) 11307: 9790:Native Bees of North America 9653:10.1016/0020-1790(82)90004-X 9626:10.1016/0305-0491(78)90229-8 8923:10.1371/journal.pone.0013181 8553:. Brill Archive. p. 79. 8494:"Ancient Egypt: Bee-keeping" 8190:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.03.001 8067:10.1371/journal.pone.0219696 6481:Westreich, Lila (May 2020). 6336:(Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". 6133:Sanford, Malcolm T. (2006). 5902:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6 4760:10.1371/journal.pone.0021086 4720:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.010 3848:, systematic pesticide use, 3809:, and are the major type of 3740: 3728: 3020:from different species, and 2444: 2252:and breaks out of the cell. 1750:Haplodiploid breeding system 1744: 896:. The newly erected family, 831: 509: 7: 9781:Anthophila (Apoidea) – Bees 8549:Bodenheimer, F. S. (1960). 8341:Steve Roud (6 April 2006). 7579:. Aculeata Research Group. 7577:"Obligate Brood Parasitism" 7216:Waser, Nickolas M. (2006). 6769:Adams, Cecil (4 May 1990). 6673:"Learning About Honey Bees" 5718:. Extension. 19 June 2014. 4902:Annual Review of Entomology 4236: 4104:polyunsaturated fatty acids 4100:monounsaturated fatty acids 4009:. People in some countries 3552:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 3514:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 3104:is a better alternative to 2164:, to distinguish them from 1336: 836: 456:; insect predators include 340:, known for their roles in 10: 13551: 13394:Pesticide toxicity to bees 13374:List of endangered insects 9140:"EU moves to protect bees" 7957:"Tarsonemus | Bee Mite ID" 7553:. Natural History Museum. 6751:, Aurum Press, pp. 91–92, 6555:Journal of Insect Behavior 5716:"Anatomy of the Honey Bee" 4597:Engel, Michael S. (2001). 4467:Grüter, Christoph (2020). 4225: 4118:Bee larvae as food in the 4017:, for consumption. In the 4000: 3793:Pesticide toxicity to bees 3782: 3734: 3722: 3636: 3538:The Lake Isle of Innisfree 3393: 3318:for nutrition and to make 2845: 2703: 2598: 2539: 2406: 2334: 2209: 2171: 2005:Solitary and communal bees 1860: 1753: 1719:, showing antennae, three 1631: 858:, which was thus rendered 767: 654: 25: 18: 13463: 13432: 13404: 13346: 13298: 13249: 13134: 13073: 13045: 13003: 12972: 12915: 12901: 12822: 12774: 12702: 12675: 12599: 12568: 12522: 12460: 12389: 12354: 12326: 12234: 12171: 11986: 11920: 11857: 11796: 11651: 11618: 11541: 11425: 11370: 11315: 11261: 11154: 11062: 11041: 11020: 10978: 10944: 10918: 10889: 10838: 10815: 10793: 10775: 10757: 10726: 10445: 10427: 10389: 10330: 10284: 10236: 10227: 10204: 10175: 10146: 10123: 10094: 10073: 10052: 10023: 9997: 9983: 9922: 9918: 9893: 9849: 9458:10.1080/03670240500187278 9393:. Tasty Indonesian Food. 9207:"Farming for native bees" 8609:10.1017/S0017383500015126 8572:Thompson, D'Arcy (trans.) 8256:, e.g. Hilda M. Ransome, 8250:Homeri nomine dignissimum 8126:10.1016/j.mib.2017.12.009 7933:. University of Georgia. 7838:10.5479/si.03629236.208.1 7679:American Museum Novitates 7677:(Hymenoptera, Apoidea)". 7168:10.1007/s00114-003-0497-1 6954:von Frisch, Karl (1953). 6647:"The bumblebee lifecycle" 6615:Roubik, David W. (1992). 6404:"Management of Wild Bees" 6118:Wilson, Edward O (1971). 5587:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 5165:The Canadian Entomologist 4670:The Forgotten Pollinators 4567:10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.005 4481:10.1007/978-3-030-60090-7 4440:10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.005 4311:American Museum Novitates 4187: 4058:, and a useful source of 3779:As commercial pollinators 3390:In mythology and folklore 3202:. The bees were fed aged 3180:at birth, so they ingest 2848:Diseases of the honey bee 2319: 1556: 1540:(plasterer bees) ≈25 Mya 1535: 1528: 1507: 1500: 1479: 1472: 1437: 1416: 1409: 1397: 1368: 1361: 1354: 1252: 1237: 1230: 1223: 1203: 1196: 1167: 1147: 1140: 1133: 1077: 1050: 1043: 1036: 1009: 1002: 982: 975: 968: 948: 941: 920: 913: 900:, formerly a subtribe of 647:. Over the Paleogene and 641:Eocene-Oligocene boundary 307: 300: 257: 252: 147:Scientific classification 145: 135: 126: 40: 13359:Colony collapse disorder 13354:Bees and toxic chemicals 9543:"Chapter 36: Apitherapy" 9345:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2083 9242:20 November 2015 at the 8970:(London), 14 March 2007. 8960:6 September 2008 at the 7915:Tinbergen, Niko (1958). 6883:Dr. Michael H. Dickinson 5684:Evolution of the Insects 5646:10.1186/1471-2148-13-138 5625:BMC Evolutionary Biology 5566:BMC Evolutionary Biology 5124:10.3897/zookeys.389.7076 4248:Fear of bees (apiphobia) 4203:Lasioglossum leucozonium 3860:colony collapse disorder 3385:Relationship with humans 3259:are naturally occurring 3132:, which are then fed to 3118:antibacterial resistance 3070:Colony collapse disorder 3062:Colony collapse disorder 3050:colony collapse disorder 2927:camouflaged as flowers. 1999:progressive provisioning 873:Further studies by Sann 722:Palaeomacropis eocenicus 13261:Insect bites and stings 13238:Drosophila melanogaster 13151:Biological pest control 12830:List of oldest heraldry 10014:(web-spinning sawflies) 9776:Bee Genera of the World 9685:10.1126/science.1255957 8986:4 December 2013 at the 8407:"Yeats in Bedford Park" 7518:(Gabritschevsky, 1926). 7456:10.5479/si.00810282.193 7357:10.1073/pnas.1601624113 7106:10.1073/pnas.1916224116 6997:10.1073/pnas.0408550102 6922:10.1073/pnas.0506590102 6575:10.1023/A:1020843606530 5950:10.1126/science.1156108 5851:10.1126/science.1156108 5741:Messer, A. C. (1984). " 5383:The American Naturalist 4952:Journal of Biogeography 4813:10.1126/science.1134103 4350:10.1073/pnas.0604033103 4222:Bees population decline 4182:evidence-based medicine 4145:As alternative medicine 3580:The Secret Life of Bees 3545:in the West of London. 2740:A. mellifera scutellata 2106:Most solitary bees are 1951:carrying pollen in its 1922:are a hybrid strain of 1902:True honey bees (genus 1715:Head-on view of a male 673:age (~70 mya) found in 384: – live 13326:Rats, Lice and History 11141:(thread-waisted wasps) 10969:(sierolomorphid wasps) 10901:(rhopalosomatid wasps) 10106:(parasitic wood wasps) 9167:29 August 2014 at the 8848:7 October 2010 at the 8577:The Works of Aristotle 7919:. Methuen. p. 21. 7407:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0356 7302:Pollen and Pollination 7265:10.1098/rstb.2009.0229 6160:Roubik, D. W. (2006). 6079:10.1098/rspb.2006.3496 5303:Houston, T.F. (1987). 4624:10.1073/pnas.041600198 4243:Australian native bees 4027:from Central and East 3656: 3648: 3518: 3413: 3330:can suffer with toxic 3206:, the assembly of the 3052:, so the ingestion of 2904: 2863: 2701: 2621: 2596: 2437:. Bees navigate using 2404: 2346: 2332: 2226:complete metamorphosis 2202: 2199:Tumbling flower beetle 2154:Dawson's Burrowing bee 2149:Hoplitis anthocopoides 2143: 2114:or twigs, or holes in 2103: 2020: 1956: 1858: 1840: 1780: 1728: 1700:for sucking up nectar. 1652: 1484:(mining bees) ≈34 Mya 765: 680:Melittosphex burmensis 139:Tetragonula carbonaria 13502:Paleobiology Database 13311:Alfred Russel Wallace 13096:Entomological warfare 12947:Insects in literature 9515:. MedicineWorld.Org. 9513:"What is apitherapy?" 9205:Kuehn, Faith (2011). 9116:. 20 September 2012. 8773:Ecology and Evolution 8012:www.sciencedirect.com 7805:. 26 September 2013. 7671:Townsendiella pulchra 6773:. The Straight Dope. 6701:. National Bee Unit. 6311:10.1007/s002650050236 6182:10.1051/apido:2006026 5215:Engel, M.S. (1995). " 4387:The Bees of the World 4226:Further information: 4070:, and trace minerals 4043:leaves, and steamed. 3963:Bee covered in pollen 3919:Lasioglossum vierecki 3912:Raising native plants 3876:In the European Union 3654: 3646: 3507: 3500:In art and literature 3488:as a model for human 3403: 3381:provides to survive. 3365:relationship between 3072:can also happen when 2941:Philanthus triangulum 2919:, some of which (the 2900:Philanthus triangulum 2896: 2855: 2846:Further information: 2685: 2616: 2584: 2407:Further information: 2391: 2335:Further information: 2327: 2210:Further information: 2188: 2128: 2090:Anthidium florentinum 2086: 2012: 1946: 1891:) and her daughters ( 1861:Further information: 1846: 1834: 1763: 1754:Further information: 1714: 1646: 1512:(sweat bees) ≈50 Mya 768:Further information: 747: 13266:Insect sting allergy 13060:Cicadas in mythology 9763:Encyclopedia of Life 9328:"Scientific Opinion" 9281:Sanford, Malcolm T. 9235:Adamson, Nancy Lee. 9217:on 30 September 2015 8750:American Bee Journal 8312:Wilson, Bee (2004). 6867:. 29 November 2005. 6210:on 22 September 2017 6137:. Apis Enterprises. 6120:The Insect Societies 5327:Armbruster, W. Scott 5246:Engel, M.S. (2000). 4552:(16): 3409–3422.e6. 4425:(16): 3409–3422.e6. 4154:alternative medicine 4005:Bees are considered 3830:Contract pollination 3825:In the United States 3549:'s illustrated book 3302:Impact of pesticides 3231:Bee-fungus symbiosis 2968:Some mites of genus 2754:"), escaping normal 2647:Bees are themselves 2577:As mimics and models 2545:Floral relationships 2212:Honey bee life cycle 2070:dwarf carpenter bees 761:Acanthus ilicifolius 758:species (Apidae) on 21:Bee (disambiguation) 13369:Habitat destruction 13121:Insects in religion 12842:Heraldry portal 12269:Hastings/Hungerford 11556:Crowns and coronets 11528:National traditions 9950:(cimbicid sawflies) 9734:World Wildlife Fund 9641:Insect Biochemistry 9539:Barry R., Cassileth 9365:National Geographic 9172:The Daily Telegraph 9072:2012Sci...335.1555S 8967:The Daily Telegraph 8914:2010PLoSO...513181B 8785:2016EcoEv...6.2158R 8182:2022IJPPW..17..319Y 8058:2019PLoSO..1419696P 7917:Curious Naturalists 7348:2016PNAS..113.7261S 7160:2004NW.....91...94M 7148:Naturwissenschaften 7097:2019PNAS..11625909Z 7091:(51): 25909–25916. 6988:2005PNAS..102.3040M 6913:2005PNAS..10218213A 6907:(50): 18213–18218. 6749:The Barmaid's Brain 6747:Ingram, Jay (2001) 6567:1999JIBeh..12..363A 6462:on 5 September 2015 6334:Halictus rubicundus 6303:1996BEcoS..38..227E 6073:(1594): 1643–1649. 6030:10.1038/nature09205 6022:2010Natur.466.1057N 6016:(7310): 1057–1062. 5942:2008Sci...320.1213H 5894:1964JThBi...7...17H 5843:2008Sci...320.1213H 5837:(5880): 1213–1216. 5637:2013BMCEE..13..138H 5578:2018BMCEE..18...71S 5217:Neocorynura electra 5115:2014ZooK..389...35D 5061:2008Palgy..51..933S 4964:2012JBiog..39..526A 4863:2021CrRes.12204770R 4851:Cretaceous Research 4838:on 4 December 2012. 4751:2011PLoSO...621086C 4712:2010PPP...286..194L 4615:2001PNAS...98.1661E 4558:2023CBio...33E3409A 4431:2023CBio...33E3409A 4341:2006PNAS..10315118D 4335:(41): 15118–15123. 3732:", it waggles) and 3615:A Sting in the Tale 3570:The Bee on the Comb 3120:in bees due to the 2814:Four bee families ( 2347:Le vol des insectes 2072:, leafcutter bees, 2016:Megachile rotundata 2013:A leafcutting bee, 1968:year. In 2011, the 778:by insects such as 716:(~25 Mya) to early 662:Cretotrigona prisca 627:from Africa by the 496:Northern Hemisphere 417:Northern Hemisphere 370:biological families 332:closely related to 13442:Insects portal 13414:Insects and humans 12942:Arthropods in film 12891:Human interactions 12226:Waterlily/Seeblatt 11450:Ancient and modern 10035:(cedar wood wasps) 9958:(conifer sawflies) 9801: – 9289:on 13 January 2007 9283:"Producing Pollen" 8855:The New York Times 8409:. ChiswickW4.com. 7736:10.1242/jeb.015396 7675:Hesperapis larreae 7603:"Brood Parasitism" 6829:"Images of flight" 6350:10.1007/bf01240705 4857:: Article 104770. 4411:Marcio R. (2023). 4228:Pollinator decline 3995:allergic reactions 3789:Pollinator decline 3709:History of Animals 3657: 3649: 3519: 3482:Bernard Mandeville 3414: 3345:and honey bees is 3222:to the honey bees 3092:has been shown to 3080:. The presence of 2905: 2884:greater honeyguide 2864: 2732:Bombus hyperboreus 2702: 2678:As brood parasites 2622: 2597: 2475:and two groups of 2405: 2352:André Sainte-Laguë 2333: 2203: 2144: 2104: 2021: 1957: 1877:division of labour 1859: 1841: 1781: 1729: 1653: 1468:short-tongued bees 1381:) at least 50 Mya 925:(Cockroach wasps) 810:adaptive radiation 766: 564:niche conservatism 452:and birds such as 136:The sugarbag bee, 13517: 13516: 13457:Taxon identifiers 13448: 13447: 13337:Insect Literature 13294: 13293: 13193:Carmine/Cochineal 13146:Beneficial insect 13116:Insects in ethics 13065:Scarab (artifact) 13055:Bees in mythology 12964:Insects on stamps 12857: 12856: 12698: 12697: 12636:(color in Canada) 12322: 12321: 11275: 11274: 11257: 11256: 11253: 11252: 11249: 11248: 11231: 11223: 11215: 11208: 11175: 11165: 11150: 11149: 11142: 11099: 11098:(cockroach wasps) 11084: 11054: 11033: 11012: 11004: 10991: 10970: 10967:Sierolomorphidae 10962: 10936: 10910: 10902: 10899:Rhopalosomatidae 10856: 10811: 10810: 10744: 10722: 10721: 10714:Trichogrammatidae 10639: 10576:Eutrichosomatidae 10546:Epichrysomallidae 10466: 10456: 10344: 10302: 10229:Proctotrupomorpha 10196: 10195:(ichneumon wasps) 10188: 10119: 10118: 10115: 10114: 10107: 10086: 10065: 10044: 10036: 10015: 9975: 9974:(common sawflies) 9967: 9966:(pergid sawflies) 9959: 9951: 9943: 9935: 9678:(6229): 1255957. 9595:978-0-944235-71-3 9556:978-981-4335-66-9 9146:. 30 April 2013. 8793:10.1002/ece3.1974 8387:978-1-4020-4559-2 8354:978-0-14-194162-2 7780:978-1-139-43004-3 7729:(11): 1737–1746. 7655:978-1-118-84615-5 7485:978-0-520-09645-5 7342:(26): 7261–7265. 7312:978-3-7091-6306-1 7259:(1539): 423–435. 7229:978-0-226-87400-5 6628:978-0-521-42909-2 6384:978-0-674-81175-1 6267:Halictus hesperus 6204:"Bumblebee nests" 5990:978-1-118-84615-5 5743:Chalicodoma pluto 5694:978-0-521-82149-0 5520:Zoologica Scripta 5360:978-0-674-81175-1 5311:. 1111–2: 93–97. 4680:978-1-59726-908-7 4490:978-3-030-60089-1 4264:Explanatory notes 3969:As food producers 3663:, for millennia. 3412:. 7th century BC. 3396:Bees in mythology 3290:Knowledge of how 3277:fungal infections 3269:Zygosaccharomyces 3245:Zygosaccharomyces 3216:fungal infections 3138:Zygosaccharomyces 3126:Zygosaccharomyces 3114:anti-inflammatory 3058:fungal infections 3048:can also lead to 3046:Fungal infections 3042:fungal infections 3018:fungal infections 3002:Zygosaccharomyces 2984:Fungus properties 2925:aggressive mimics 2698:Bombus terrestris 2695:of the bumblebee 2609:Müllerian mimicry 2560:In rare cases, a 2508:ecological niches 2409:Animal navigation 2350:says that he and 2186: 2158:Amegilla dawsoni, 2122:) are stingless. 1986:Halictus hesperus 1938:mass provisioning 1848:Western honey bee 1837:Western honey bee 1785:inclusive fitness 1777:sex determination 1629: 1628: 1620: 1619: 1611: 1610: 1602: 1601: 1593: 1592: 1584: 1583: 1575: 1574: 1456: 1455: 1405:long-tongued bees 1333: 1332: 1324: 1323: 1315: 1314: 1306: 1305: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1279: 1278: 1270: 1269: 1255:Anthophila (bees) 1185: 1184: 1122: 1121: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1103: 1095: 1094: 535:wasps, where the 346:western honey bee 323: 322: 13542: 13510: 13509: 13497: 13496: 13484: 13483: 13482: 13452: 13451: 13440: 13439: 13316:Jean-Henri Fabre 13091:Cricket fighting 13086:Cockroach racing 12952:Insects in music 12913: 12912: 12884: 12877: 12870: 12861: 12860: 12840: 12839: 12838: 12678: 12665: 12657: 12649: 12641: 12631: 12621: 12613: 12610: 12602: 12587: 12579: 12571: 12558: 12555: 12546: 12543: 12534: 12531: 12505: 12473: 12449: 12446: 12437: 12434: 12425: 12422: 12413: 12410: 12401: 12398: 12378: 12375: 12366: 12363: 12352: 12351: 12336:Rule of tincture 12053:Griffin/Keythong 11649: 11648: 11340:Officers of arms 11302: 11295: 11288: 11279: 11278: 11229: 11221: 11214:(plasterer bees) 11213: 11182: 11173: 11164: 11163: 11159: 11152: 11151: 11140: 11097: 11083: 11082: 11081:(sphecoid wasps) 11078: 11069: 11068: 11052: 11031: 11010: 11002: 10989: 10968: 10960: 10934: 10908: 10900: 10854: 10836: 10835: 10742: 10699:Tanaostigmatidae 10637: 10621:Melanosomellidae 10464: 10455: 10454: 10450: 10343: 10342: 10334: 10300: 10256:Neuroscelionidae 10234: 10233: 10194: 10186: 10173: 10172: 10144: 10143: 10105: 10084: 10063: 10042: 10034: 10013: 10007:Megalodontesidae 9973: 9965: 9957: 9949: 9941: 9940:Blasticotomidae 9934:(argid sawflies) 9933: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9834: 9827: 9820: 9811: 9810: 9766: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9713: 9705: 9687: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9609: 9600: 9599: 9571: 9565: 9564: 9535: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9509: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9414: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9367:. Archived from 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9323: 9317: 9316: 9305: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9278: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9253: 9247: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9213:. Archived from 9202: 9196: 9195: 9181: 9175: 9158: 9152: 9151: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9003: 8997: 8977: 8971: 8952: 8946: 8945: 8935: 8925: 8892: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8865: 8859: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8804: 8779:(7): 2158–2169. 8764: 8758: 8757: 8745: 8739: 8738: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8648: 8642: 8637:Thomas Wildman, 8635: 8629: 8628: 8591: 8582: 8581: 8564: 8555: 8554: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8500:. 6 April 2003. 8490: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8405:Deering, Chris. 8402: 8396: 8395: 8372: 8363: 8362: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8274: 8268: 8226: 8220: 8219: 8209: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8128: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8087: 8069: 8036: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7898: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7764: 7749: 7748: 7738: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7641: 7635: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7469: 7460: 7459: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7418: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7369: 7359: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7296: 7287: 7286: 7276: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7213: 7207: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7126: 7108: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7009: 6999: 6982:(8): 3040–3045. 6966: 6960: 6959: 6956:The Dancing Bees 6951: 6945: 6944: 6934: 6924: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6805:. 9 March 2016. 6793: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6766: 6760: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6724: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6612: 6606: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6487:The Conversation 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6338:Insectes Sociaux 6329: 6323: 6322: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6245: 6234: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6184: 6166: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6098: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6041: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5923: 5914: 5913: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5802: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5712: 5703: 5702: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5658: 5648: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5589: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5517: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5468: 5459:(6): 1368–1379. 5450: 5441: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5406: 5380: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5344: 5335: 5334: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5300: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5252: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5162: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5136: 5126: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5082: 5072: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5024: 5006: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4949: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4831:. Archived from 4798: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4772: 4762: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4706:(3–4): 194–201. 4695: 4689: 4688: 4664: 4655: 4654: 4644: 4626: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4569: 4536: 4523: 4522: 4521:. 26 March 2019. 4509: 4503: 4502: 4474: 4464: 4453: 4452: 4442: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4362: 4352: 4320: 4314: 4307: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4210:as well as some 4136: 4115: 4102:with 2.0% being 3960: 3937: 3896:. From 2013 the 3807:flowering plants 3744:", they watch). 3743: 3741:parakolouthousin 3737: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3583:(2004), and the 3494:Telling the bees 3247:produced by the 3060:from happening. 2917:praying mantises 2672:pseudocopulation 2649:Müllerian mimics 2630:Batesian mimicry 2605:Batesian mimicry 2349: 2303: 2288: 2261: 2187: 2135:Osmia cornifrons 2087:A solitary bee, 1936:. They practise 1932:are also highly 1920:Africanized bees 1727:, and mouthparts 1666:A pair of large 1566: 1545: 1531: 1530: 1517: 1503: 1502: 1489: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1447: 1426: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1386: 1364: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1346: 1345: 1261: 1233: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1212: 1199: 1198: 1176: 1156: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1086: 1066: 1046: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1025: 1005: 1004: 991: 978: 977: 971: 970: 957: 944: 943: 930: 916: 915: 908: 907: 675:New Jersey amber 596:flowering plants 544:Early Cretaceous 413:flowering plants 348:, for producing 155: 154: 131: 114: 51: 44:Temporal range: 38: 37: 16:Clade of insects 13550: 13549: 13545: 13544: 13543: 13541: 13540: 13539: 13520: 13519: 13518: 13513: 13505: 13500: 13492: 13487: 13478: 13477: 13472: 13459: 13449: 13444: 13434: 13428: 13406: 13400: 13342: 13290: 13252: 13245: 13137: 13130: 13069: 13041: 12999: 12968: 12908: 12903: 12897: 12888: 12858: 12853: 12836: 12834: 12818: 12770: 12694: 12676: 12671: 12663: 12655: 12647: 12639: 12629: 12619: 12611: 12608: 12600: 12595: 12585: 12577: 12569: 12564: 12556: 12553: 12544: 12541: 12532: 12529: 12518: 12456: 12447: 12444: 12435: 12432: 12423: 12420: 12411: 12408: 12399: 12396: 12385: 12376: 12373: 12364: 12361: 12350: 12318: 12284:Hungerford knot 12254:Cavendish/Savoy 12230: 12167: 11982: 11916: 11853: 11792: 11647: 11614: 11537: 11421: 11366: 11311: 11306: 11276: 11271: 11245: 11161: 11160: 11158: 11146: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11058: 11037: 11032:(scoliid wasps) 11016: 10974: 10940: 10935:(tiphiid wasps) 10928:Bradynobaenidae 10914: 10885: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10807: 10789: 10771: 10753: 10718: 10531:Cynipencyrtidae 10453:(chalcid wasps) 10452: 10451: 10449: 10441: 10429:Mymarommatoidea 10423: 10385: 10351:Proctorenyxidae 10336: 10335: 10332:Proctotrupoidea 10326: 10294:Austrocynipidae 10280: 10238:Platygastroidea 10223: 10200: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10111: 10090: 10085:(stem sawflies) 10069: 10048: 10019: 9993: 9979: 9972:Tenthredinidae 9942:(fern sawflies) 9924:Tenthredinoidea 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9889: 9845: 9838: 9757: 9754: 9749: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9728: 9727: 9723: 9707: 9706: 9664: 9660: 9637: 9633: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9572: 9568: 9557: 9536: 9532: 9522: 9520: 9511: 9510: 9506: 9477: 9473: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9425:on 22 June 2015 9415: 9411: 9400: 9398: 9389: 9388: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9371:on 16 July 2015 9357: 9353: 9324: 9320: 9307: 9306: 9302: 9292: 9290: 9279: 9275: 9265: 9263: 9254: 9250: 9244:Wayback Machine 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9203: 9199: 9182: 9178: 9169:Wayback Machine 9159: 9155: 9138: 9137: 9133: 9123: 9121: 9108: 9107: 9103: 9056: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8988:Wayback Machine 8978: 8974: 8962:Wayback Machine 8953: 8949: 8893: 8889: 8879: 8877: 8866: 8862: 8850:Wayback Machine 8840: 8836: 8823: 8822: 8818: 8765: 8761: 8746: 8742: 8727:The Independent 8719: 8715: 8705: 8703: 8698:. UC Berkeley. 8692: 8688: 8649: 8645: 8636: 8632: 8597:Greece and Rome 8592: 8585: 8565: 8558: 8547: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8498:Reshafim.org.il 8492: 8491: 8487: 8477: 8475: 8460: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8437:Rotten Tomatoes 8431: 8430: 8426: 8416: 8414: 8403: 8399: 8388: 8374: 8373: 8366: 8355: 8339: 8335: 8328: 8310: 8306: 8275: 8271: 8227: 8223: 8162: 8158: 8105: 8101: 8052:(7): e0219696. 8037: 8026: 8016: 8014: 8006: 8005: 8001: 7991: 7989: 7979: 7975: 7965: 7963: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7940: 7938: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7913: 7909: 7896: 7894: 7889:. LiveScience. 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7866:on 29 June 2015 7858: 7857: 7853: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7781: 7765: 7752: 7715: 7711: 7698: 7694: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7642: 7638: 7626: 7622: 7612: 7610: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7528: 7524: 7486: 7470: 7463: 7436: 7432: 7401:(7): 20160356. 7395:Biology Letters 7387: 7383: 7328: 7324: 7313: 7297: 7290: 7245: 7241: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7199: 7144: 7140: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7028: 7027: 7023: 6967: 6963: 6952: 6948: 6893: 6889: 6874: 6872: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6844: 6842: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6812: 6810: 6795: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6767: 6763: 6746: 6742: 6725: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6699:"Solitary Bees" 6697: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6656: 6654: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6602: 6598: 6551: 6547: 6524:10.2307/2407147 6508: 6501: 6491: 6489: 6479: 6475: 6465: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6400: 6396: 6385: 6369: 6365: 6330: 6326: 6286: 6282: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6189: 6164: 6158: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6131: 6127: 6116: 6112: 6059: 6055: 6002: 5998: 5991: 5977: 5973: 5924: 5917: 5878: 5874: 5827: 5823: 5815: 5800: 5770: 5766: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5706: 5695: 5679: 5672: 5617: 5613: 5558: 5554: 5546: 5515: 5509: 5505: 5497: 5448: 5442: 5435: 5427: 5378: 5372: 5368: 5361: 5345: 5338: 5324: 5320: 5301: 5297: 5289: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5177:10.4039/n02-030 5160: 5154: 5150: 5099: 5095: 5087: 5041: 5037: 5029: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4898: 4894: 4847: 4843: 4835: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4731: 4727: 4696: 4692: 4681: 4665: 4658: 4595: 4591: 4546:Current Biology 4537: 4526: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4491: 4465: 4456: 4418:Current Biology 4408: 4404: 4397: 4383: 4376: 4321: 4317: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4239: 4230: 4224: 4190: 4152:is a branch of 4147: 4140: 4137: 4128: 4116: 4003: 3971: 3964: 3961: 3952: 3938: 3914: 3878: 3827: 3800: 3795: 3781: 3769:Natural History 3735:παρακολουθούσιν 3641: 3635: 3606:Renée Zellweger 3502: 3398: 3392: 3387: 3304: 3233: 3174:hexagonal shape 3150: 2986: 2981: 2921:flower mantises 2859:Merops apiaster 2856:The bee-eater, 2850: 2844: 2812: 2756:worker policing 2715:Brood parasites 2712: 2710:Nest usurpation 2704:Main articles: 2688:Bombus vestalis 2680: 2611: 2599:Main articles: 2588:Bombylius major 2579: 2547: 2542: 2503:Bifidobacterium 2490:Bifidobacterium 2459:polysaccharides 2447: 2419:Karl von Frisch 2417:The ethologist 2415: 2393:Karl von Frisch 2386: 2339: 2322: 2315: 2304: 2295: 2289: 2280: 2262: 2214: 2208: 2176: 2174: 2029:leafcutter bees 2007: 1865: 1829: 1779:system of bees. 1758: 1752: 1747: 1734:Megachile pluto 1641: 1639:Characteristics 1636: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1576: 1470: 1467: 1457: 1407: 1404: 1339: 1334: 1325: 1316: 1307: 1298: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1186: 1123: 1114: 1105: 1096: 839: 834: 772: 742: 671:Late Cretaceous 667:corbiculate bee 657: 582:origins of the 512: 484:meliponiculture 482:or apiculture ( 426:Megachile pluto 398:leafcutter bees 296: 149: 122: 116:Late Cretaceous 113: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 46: 45: 42: 34: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13548: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13498: 13485: 13469: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13446: 13445: 13433: 13430: 13429: 13427: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13410: 13408: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13350: 13348: 13344: 13343: 13341: 13340: 13333:Lafcadio Hearn 13330: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13306:Jan Swammerdam 13302: 13300: 13296: 13295: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13257: 13255: 13247: 13246: 13244: 13243: 13242: 13241: 13232:Model organism 13229: 13224: 13223: 13222: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13201: 13200: 13190: 13189: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13153: 13148: 13142: 13140: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13106:Insect farming 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13077: 13075: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13051: 13049: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13039: 13038: 13037: 13027: 13026: 13025: 13020: 13009: 13007: 13001: 13000: 12998: 12997: 12992: 12990:Artificial fly 12987: 12982: 12976: 12974: 12970: 12969: 12967: 12966: 12961: 12960: 12959: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12938: 12937: 12930: 12923:Insects in art 12919: 12917: 12910: 12899: 12898: 12887: 12886: 12879: 12872: 12864: 12855: 12854: 12852: 12851: 12850: 12849: 12832: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12795: 12794: 12784: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12771: 12769: 12768: 12766:Trophy of arms 12763: 12758: 12757: 12756: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12734: 12729: 12728: 12727: 12725:banner of arms 12717: 12712: 12706: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12692: 12687: 12681: 12679: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12669: 12661: 12653: 12645: 12637: 12627: 12617: 12605: 12603: 12597: 12596: 12594: 12593: 12583: 12574: 12572: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12562: 12551: 12539: 12526: 12524: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12499: 12498: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12466: 12464: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12454: 12442: 12430: 12418: 12406: 12393: 12391: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12371: 12358: 12356: 12349: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12332: 12330: 12324: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12309:Tristram/Bowen 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12240: 12238: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12212: 12211: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12175: 12173: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12039: 12038: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11992: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11981: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11924: 11922: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11861: 11859: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11800: 11798: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11784: 11783: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11657: 11655: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11624: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11601: 11600: 11590: 11589: 11588: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11547: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11524: 11523: 11518: 11508: 11503: 11502: 11501: 11496: 11486: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11469: 11464: 11463: 11462: 11452: 11447: 11446: 11445: 11435: 11429: 11427: 11423: 11422: 11420: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11403: 11402: 11395:Ecclesiastical 11392: 11391: 11390: 11385: 11374: 11372: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11364: 11363: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11316: 11313: 11312: 11305: 11304: 11297: 11290: 11282: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11269: 11262: 11259: 11258: 11255: 11254: 11251: 11250: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11225: 11217: 11209: 11205:stingless bees 11197:carpenter bees 11177: 11168: 11166: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11144: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11124:Pemphredonidae 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11093: 11087: 11085: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11056: 11047: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11035: 11026: 11024: 11018: 11017: 11015: 11014: 11006: 11003:(spider wasps) 10998: 10993: 10984: 10982: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10972: 10964: 10961:(flower wasps) 10956: 10950: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10930: 10924: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10912: 10904: 10895: 10893: 10887: 10886: 10884: 10883: 10878: 10876:Sclerogibbidae 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10855:(cuckoo wasps) 10850: 10844: 10842: 10833: 10813: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10805: 10799: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10781: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10769: 10763: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10751: 10749:Gasteruptiidae 10746: 10743:(ensign wasps) 10738: 10732: 10730: 10724: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10664:Pelecinellidae 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10633: 10628: 10626:Metapelmatidae 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10586:Hetreulophidae 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10516:Chrysolampidae 10513: 10508: 10506:Chalcedectidae 10503: 10501:Cerocephalidae 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10459: 10457: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10437:Mymarommatidae 10433: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10395: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10376:Proctotrupidae 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10347: 10345: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10307:Diplolepididae 10304: 10296: 10290: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10266:Platygastridae 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10246:Geoscelionidae 10242: 10240: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10216: 10210: 10208: 10206:Ceraphronoidea 10202: 10201: 10199: 10198: 10193:Ichneumonidae 10190: 10181: 10179: 10177:Ichneumonoidea 10170: 10141: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10116: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10100: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10088: 10079: 10077: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10058: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10047: 10046: 10038: 10029: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10017: 10009: 10003: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9989: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9969: 9961: 9953: 9945: 9937: 9928: 9926: 9913: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9863: 9857: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9837: 9836: 9829: 9822: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9796: 9787: 9778: 9773: 9767: 9753: 9752:External links 9750: 9747: 9746: 9721: 9658: 9647:(2): 161–170. 9631: 9620:(1): 129–132. 9601: 9594: 9566: 9555: 9530: 9504: 9471: 9436: 9409: 9382: 9351: 9318: 9300: 9273: 9248: 9228: 9197: 9176: 9153: 9131: 9114:Efsa.europa.eu 9101: 9066:(6076): 1555. 9050: 9024: 8998: 8972: 8947: 8908:(10): e13181. 8887: 8860: 8834: 8816: 8759: 8740: 8713: 8686: 8643: 8630: 8583: 8556: 8541: 8515: 8485: 8454: 8424: 8397: 8386: 8364: 8353: 8333: 8326: 8304: 8291:10.2307/311093 8269: 8230:Hymn to Hermes 8221: 8156: 8099: 8024: 7999: 7973: 7948: 7922: 7907: 7877: 7851: 7832:(208): 1–292. 7820: 7790: 7779: 7750: 7709: 7692: 7661: 7654: 7636: 7620: 7594: 7568: 7542: 7522: 7484: 7461: 7430: 7381: 7322: 7311: 7288: 7239: 7228: 7208: 7197: 7138: 7071: 7046: 7021: 6961: 6946: 6887: 6852: 6820: 6788: 6761: 6740: 6716: 6690: 6664: 6638: 6627: 6607: 6596: 6561:(3): 363–384. 6545: 6518:(1): 142–150. 6499: 6473: 6447: 6436:on 2 July 2017 6421: 6394: 6383: 6363: 6324: 6297:(4): 227–233. 6280: 6257: 6221: 6195: 6175:(2): 124–143. 6152: 6125: 6110: 6053: 5996: 5989: 5971: 5915: 5872: 5821: 5811:(2): 361–421. 5764: 5753:(1): 165–168. 5733: 5704: 5693: 5670: 5611: 5552: 5526:(5): 527–535. 5503: 5433: 5395:10.1086/598497 5389:(6): 841–847. 5366: 5359: 5336: 5318: 5295: 5238: 5227:(3): 317–323. 5207: 5148: 5109:(389): 35–48. 5093: 5055:(4): 933–994. 5035: 5015:(4): 701–709. 4992: 4958:(3): 526–544. 4935: 4892: 4841: 4784: 4725: 4690: 4679: 4656: 4589: 4540:August 2023). 4524: 4504: 4489: 4454: 4402: 4396:0-8018--6133-0 4395: 4374: 4315: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4281: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4238: 4235: 4223: 4220: 4208:octadecanolide 4198:Dufour's gland 4194:stings of bees 4189: 4186: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4131: 4129: 4117: 4110: 4007:edible insects 4002: 3999: 3976:rock paintings 3970: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3955: 3953: 3939: 3932: 3925:L. leucozonium 3913: 3910: 3906:global warming 3898:European Union 3882:neonicotinoids 3877: 3874: 3865:Nosema ceranae 3826: 3823: 3799: 3796: 3780: 3777: 3637:Main article: 3634: 3631: 3602:Jerry Seinfeld 3589:Dakota Fanning 3547:Beatrix Potter 3523:rock paintings 3509:Beatrix Potter 3501: 3498: 3447:Delphic oracle 3443:Mycenean times 3422:Hymn to Hermes 3394:Main article: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3324:gut microbiome 3303: 3300: 3232: 3229: 3224:gut microbiota 3208:gut microbiota 3200:gut microbiota 3196:Gut microbiota 3149: 3146: 2998:stingless bees 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2936:Niko Tinbergen 2913:predatory bugs 2843: 2840: 2811: 2810:Nocturnal bees 2808: 2744:A. m. capensis 2706:Brood parasite 2693:brood parasite 2679: 2676: 2626:aposematically 2624:Many bees are 2593:Batesian mimic 2578: 2575: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2455:monosaccharide 2446: 2443: 2439:spatial memory 2385: 2382: 2369:cinematography 2356:air resistance 2342:Antoine Magnan 2321: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2310:with eggs and 2305: 2298: 2296: 2290: 2283: 2281: 2263: 2256: 2207: 2204: 2173: 2170: 2062:plasterer bees 2060:, mason bees, 2025:carpenter bees 2006: 2003: 1953:pollen baskets 1930:Stingless bees 1915:Apis mellifera 1828: 1825: 1808:W. D. Hamilton 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1686: 1675: 1640: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1355: 1353: 1344: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1150:Pemphredonidae 1146: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1008: 1003: 1001: 998: 997: 994: 993: 981: 976: 974: 969: 967: 964: 963: 960: 959: 947: 942: 940: 937: 936: 933: 932: 919: 914: 912: 906: 902:Pemphredoninae 894:Heterogynaidae 864:Heterogynaidae 838: 835: 833: 830: 806:pollen baskets 801:pollen baskets 741: 738: 698:incertae sedis 656: 653: 518:in the family 516:stinging wasps 511: 508: 492:Ancient Greece 394:carpenter bees 382:stingless bees 321: 320: 305: 304: 298: 297: 295: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 258: 255: 254: 250: 249: 244: 237: 236: 231: 227: 226: 221: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 201: 197: 196: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 143: 142: 133: 132: 124: 123: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13547: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13527: 13525: 13508: 13503: 13499: 13495: 13490: 13486: 13481: 13475: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13466: 13462: 13458: 13453: 13443: 13438: 13431: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13411: 13409: 13403: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13389:Neonicotinoid 13387: 13385: 13382: 13381: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13345: 13338: 13334: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13297: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13258: 13256: 13254: 13248: 13240: 13239: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13221: 13218: 13217: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13195: 13194: 13191: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13158: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13133: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13074:Other aspects 13072: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13044: 13036: 13033: 13032: 13031: 13028: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13006: 13002: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12971: 12965: 12962: 12958: 12955: 12954: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12936: 12935: 12934:Musca depicta 12931: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12924: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12914: 12911: 12907: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12885: 12880: 12878: 12873: 12871: 12866: 12865: 12862: 12848: 12845: 12844: 12843: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12825: 12824: 12821: 12815: 12814:Sigillography 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12773: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12755: 12752: 12751: 12750: 12747: 12743: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12726: 12723: 12722: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12701: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12680: 12674: 12668: 12662: 12660: 12654: 12652: 12646: 12644: 12638: 12635: 12628: 12625: 12618: 12616: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12598: 12591: 12584: 12582: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12567: 12561: 12552: 12549: 12540: 12537: 12528: 12527: 12525: 12521: 12513: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12504: 12500: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12477: 12476: 12472: 12468: 12467: 12465: 12463: 12459: 12452: 12443: 12440: 12431: 12428: 12419: 12416: 12407: 12404: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12388: 12381: 12372: 12369: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12353: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12329: 12325: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12237: 12233: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12210: 12207: 12206: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12184:Laurel wreath 12182: 12180: 12177: 12176: 12174: 12170: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12037: 12034: 12033: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11985: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11919: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11892: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11856: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11795: 11789: 11786: 11782: 11779: 11778: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11691: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11654: 11650: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11591: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11540: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11513: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11491: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11478: 11475: 11474: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11461: 11458: 11457: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11424: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11396: 11393: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11379: 11376: 11375: 11373: 11369: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11325:Grant of arms 11323: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11314: 11310: 11303: 11298: 11296: 11291: 11289: 11284: 11283: 11280: 11268: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11242: 11241:Stenotritidae 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11228:Megachilidae 11226: 11224: 11218: 11216: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11170: 11169: 11167: 11157: 11153: 11143: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11076: 11075: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11023: 11019: 11013: 11007: 11005: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10990:(velvet ants) 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10977: 10971: 10965: 10963: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10947: 10943: 10937: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10917: 10911: 10905: 10903: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10892: 10888: 10882: 10881:Scolebythidae 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10814: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10795:Trigonaloidea 10792: 10786: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10768: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10756: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10725: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10704:Tetracampidae 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10684:Signiphoridae 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10644:Neanastatidae 10642: 10640: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10616:Megastigmidae 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10481:Baeomorphidae 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10430: 10426: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10340: 10333: 10329: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10283: 10277: 10276:Sparasionidae 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10251:Janzenellidae 10249: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10214:Ceraphronidae 10212: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10197: 10191: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10122: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10062:Xiphydriidae 10060: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10054:Xiphydrioidea 10051: 10045: 10039: 10037: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10012:Pamphiliidae 10010: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9999:Pamphilioidea 9996: 9992: 9988: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9970: 9968: 9962: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9946: 9944: 9938: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9892: 9886: 9882: 9880: 9876: 9874: 9870: 9868: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9856: 9852: 9851: 9848: 9843: 9835: 9830: 9828: 9823: 9821: 9816: 9815: 9812: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9771: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9755: 9735: 9731: 9725: 9717: 9711: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9635: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9608: 9606: 9597: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9570: 9562: 9558: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9534: 9518: 9514: 9508: 9499: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9475: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9396: 9392: 9386: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9355: 9346: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9314: 9310: 9304: 9288: 9284: 9277: 9261: 9260: 9252: 9245: 9241: 9238: 9232: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9201: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9180: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9157: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9135: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9105: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9028: 9012: 9008: 9002: 8995: 8994: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8976: 8969: 8968: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8951: 8943: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8891: 8875: 8871: 8864: 8857: 8856: 8851: 8847: 8844: 8838: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8812: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8755: 8751: 8744: 8737: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8717: 8701: 8697: 8690: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8647: 8640: 8634: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8603:(2): 99–117. 8602: 8598: 8590: 8588: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8552: 8545: 8529: 8525: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8458: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8412: 8408: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8379: 8378: 8371: 8369: 8360: 8356: 8350: 8346: 8345: 8337: 8329: 8327:0-7195-6598-7 8323: 8319: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8273: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8231: 8225: 8217: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8160: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8013: 8009: 8003: 7988: 7984: 7977: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7936: 7932: 7926: 7918: 7911: 7904: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7824: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7705: 7704: 7696: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7665: 7657: 7651: 7647: 7640: 7633: 7630: 7624: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7582: 7578: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7526: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7476: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7453: 7450:(193): 1–74. 7449: 7445: 7441: 7434: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7385: 7377: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7295: 7293: 7284: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7243: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7221: 7220: 7212: 7206: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7017: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6834:New Scientist 6830: 6824: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6802:New Scientist 6798: 6792: 6776: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6744: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6723: 6721: 6704: 6700: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6611: 6605: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6504: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6409: 6405: 6398: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6242: 6238: 6231: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6114: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5922: 5920: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5768: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5737: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5709: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5677: 5675: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5607: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5475:2027.42/74970 5472: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5438: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5343: 5341: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5049:Palaeontology 5046: 5039: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4845: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4807:(5799): 614. 4806: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4745:(6): e21086. 4744: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4694: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4663: 4661: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4508: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4472: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4406: 4398: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4379: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4285: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4258:World Bee Day 4256: 4254: 4253:Superorganism 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4234: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4135: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4039:, wrapped in 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3920: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3730: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3645: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3575:Sue Monk Kidd 3572: 3571: 3566: 3565:treasure hunt 3562: 3558: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034:antimicrobial 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2880:honey buzzard 2877: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2860: 2854: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2782:Townsendiella 2778: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2583: 2574: 2572: 2571:creosote bush 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2529: 2525:in the genus 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515:nectarivorous 2511: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2478:Lactobacillus 2474: 2473: 2472:Snodgrassella 2468: 2467:hemicellulose 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344:'s 1934 book 2343: 2338: 2337:Insect flight 2331: 2330:pollen basket 2326: 2313: 2309: 2306:Honeybees on 2302: 2297: 2293: 2292:Carpenter bee 2287: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2266:common carder 2260: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2200: 2196: 2195:morning glory 2192: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1974:IUCN Red List 1971: 1966: 1962: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1864: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1833: 1824: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1783:According to 1778: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766:yellowjackets 1762: 1757: 1756:Haplodiploidy 1742: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1726: 1725:compound eyes 1722: 1718: 1717:carpenter bee 1713: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1668:compound eyes 1665: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1650: 1645: 1635: 1625: 1624: 1616: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1598: 1597: 1589: 1588: 1580: 1579: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1559:Stenotritidae 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1352: (bees) 1351: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1329: 1328: 1320: 1319: 1311: 1310: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1118: 1117: 1109: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1058:sensu stricto 1054: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1017:sensu stricto 1013: 1007: 1006: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 992: 990: 986: 980: 979: 973: 972: 966: 965: 962: 961: 958: 956: 952: 946: 945: 939: 938: 935: 934: 931: 929: 924: 918: 917: 910: 909: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856: 852: 848: 844: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 781: 777: 771: 763: 762: 757: 756: 751: 746: 737: 735: 731: 730:Middle Eocene 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 699: 694: 690: 686: 682: 681: 676: 672: 668: 664: 663: 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 614: 609: 608:Stenotritidae 605: 604:South America 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 580: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 552:South America 549: 548:West Gondwana 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 525: 522:, which were 521: 517: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 488:Ancient Egypt 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 432:Bees feed on 430: 428: 427: 422: 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 352:. Bees are a 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 319: 317: 316: 311: 306: 303: 299: 293: 292:Stenotritidae 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 256: 251: 248: 245: 242: 239: 238: 235: 232: 230:Superfamily: 229: 228: 225: 222: 219: 218: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 202: 199: 198: 195: 192: 189: 188: 185: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 169: 168: 165: 162: 159: 158: 153: 148: 144: 141: 140: 134: 130: 125: 121: 117: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 50: 39: 36: 32: 30: 22: 13464: 13419:Insecticides 13336: 13324: 13321:Hans Zinsser 13286:Clothes moth 13236: 13047:In mythology 12980:Fishing bait 12932: 12804:Phaleristics 12737:Roll of arms 12703:Applications 12615:Bleu celeste 12601:Rare colours 12294:Ormonde/Wake 12179:Fleur-de-lis 11741:Inescutcheon 11706:Crozier head 11551:Coat of arms 11438:Augmentation 11345:King of Arms 11267:Unicalcarida 11222:(sweat bees) 11174:(mason bees) 11155: 11129:Philanthidae 11096:Ampulicidae 11091:Ammoplanidae 11074:Spheciformes 11072: 10853:Chrysididae 10840:Chrysidoidea 10803:Trigonalidae 10777:Megalyroidea 10759:Stephanoidea 10689:Spalangiidae 10679:Pteromalidae 10669:Perilampidae 10649:Neodiparidae 10638:(fairyflies) 10611:Macromesidae 10581:Herbertiidae 10551:Eucharitidae 10526:Coelocybidae 10447:Chalcidoidea 10419:Monomachidae 10399:Austroniidae 10381:Vanhorniidae 10371:Peradeniidae 10301:(gall wasps) 10219:Megaspilidae 10147: 10064:(wood wasps) 10033:Anaxyelidae 9956:Diprionidae 9894: 9885:Holometabola 9883:Superorder: 9877:Infraclass: 9842:Hymenopteran 9802: 9762: 9737:. Retrieved 9733: 9724: 9710:cite journal 9675: 9671: 9661: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9617: 9613: 9580: 9569: 9546: 9533: 9521:. Retrieved 9507: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9427:. Retrieved 9423:the original 9412: 9399:. Retrieved 9385: 9373:. Retrieved 9369:the original 9364: 9354: 9335: 9332:EFSA Journal 9331: 9321: 9303: 9291:. Retrieved 9287:the original 9276: 9264:. Retrieved 9258: 9251: 9231: 9219:. Retrieved 9215:the original 9210: 9200: 9191:The Guardian 9189: 9179: 9171: 9156: 9143: 9134: 9122:. Retrieved 9113: 9104: 9063: 9059: 9053: 9041:. Retrieved 9027: 9015:. Retrieved 9001: 8993:The Observer 8991: 8975: 8965: 8950: 8905: 8901: 8890: 8878:. Retrieved 8863: 8853: 8837: 8819: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8734: 8726: 8716: 8704:. Retrieved 8689: 8663:(3): 56–57. 8660: 8656: 8646: 8638: 8633: 8600: 8596: 8576: 8550: 8544: 8532:. Retrieved 8518: 8506:. Retrieved 8497: 8488: 8476:. Retrieved 8468:The Guardian 8467: 8457: 8445:. Retrieved 8436: 8427: 8415:. Retrieved 8400: 8376: 8343: 8336: 8313: 8307: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8173: 8169: 8159: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8049: 8045: 8015:. Retrieved 8011: 8002: 7990:. Retrieved 7987:bestbees.com 7986: 7976: 7964:. Retrieved 7960: 7951: 7939:. Retrieved 7925: 7916: 7910: 7902: 7895:. Retrieved 7880: 7868:. Retrieved 7864:the original 7854: 7829: 7823: 7811:. Retrieved 7803:The Guardian 7802: 7793: 7769: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7702: 7695: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7645: 7639: 7631: 7628: 7623: 7611:. Retrieved 7597: 7585:. Retrieved 7571: 7559:. Retrieved 7545: 7535: 7525: 7493: 7474: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7301: 7256: 7252: 7242: 7218: 7211: 7200: 7154:(2): 94–96. 7151: 7147: 7141: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7062:. Retrieved 7058: 7049: 7037:. Retrieved 7034:ScienceDaily 7033: 7024: 6979: 6975: 6964: 6955: 6949: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6881:Re: work of 6873:. Retrieved 6855: 6843:. Retrieved 6832: 6823: 6811:. Retrieved 6800: 6791: 6779:. Retrieved 6764: 6748: 6743: 6729: 6707:. Retrieved 6693: 6681:. Retrieved 6667: 6655:. Retrieved 6641: 6617: 6610: 6599: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6515: 6511: 6490:. Retrieved 6486: 6476: 6464:. Retrieved 6460:the original 6456:"Other bees" 6450: 6438:. Retrieved 6434:the original 6424: 6412:. Retrieved 6397: 6373: 6366: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6274: 6271:Sociobiology 6270: 6266: 6260: 6248:. Retrieved 6224: 6212:. Retrieved 6208:the original 6198: 6172: 6168: 6155: 6143:. Retrieved 6128: 6119: 6113: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5980: 5974: 5933: 5927: 5888:(1): 17–52. 5885: 5881: 5875: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5780:Leurotrigona 5779: 5775: 5767: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5724:. Retrieved 5683: 5631:(138): 138. 5628: 5624: 5614: 5569: 5565: 5555: 5523: 5519: 5506: 5456: 5452: 5386: 5382: 5369: 5349: 5330: 5321: 5308: 5298: 5258: 5254: 5241: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5171:(1): 63–69. 5168: 5164: 5151: 5106: 5096: 5080:11336/100644 5052: 5048: 5038: 5012: 5008: 4995: 4955: 4951: 4938: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4833:the original 4804: 4800: 4787: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4669: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4549: 4545: 4518:The Guardian 4516: 4507: 4470: 4422: 4416: 4405: 4386: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4310: 4305: 4284: 4272: 4231: 4212:eicosanolide 4201: 4192:The painful 4191: 4148: 4123: 4056:carbohydrate 4045: 4022: 4004: 3980: 3972: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3894:thiamethoxam 3890:imidacloprid 3886:clothianidin 3879: 3869: 3863: 3853: 3846:urbanization 3838:Varroa mites 3828: 3801: 3798:Role of bees 3774: 3767: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3718:waggle dance 3707: 3705: 3693: 3658: 3626: 3620:Laline Paull 3613: 3610:Dave Goulson 3595: 3593: 3578: 3568: 3561:Kit Williams 3556: 3550: 3543:Bedford Park 3536: 3531: 3520: 3512: 3451: 3420: 3415: 3336: 3305: 3289: 3257:Ecdysteroids 3251:benefit the 3241:ecdysteroids 3234: 3194: 3186:ecdysteroids 3151: 3122:ecdysteroids 3098:varroa mites 3086:Varroa mites 3082:varroa mites 3074:varroa mites 2987: 2969: 2967: 2957: 2946:robber flies 2939: 2909:crab spiders 2906: 2898: 2897:The beewolf 2865: 2857: 2813: 2797: 2780: 2777:Emery's rule 2772: 2766: 2760: 2746:. These lay 2743: 2739: 2737: 2730: 2713: 2696: 2686: 2665: 2646: 2638:robber flies 2623: 2586: 2585:The bee-fly 2559: 2548: 2526: 2523:vulture bees 2519:palynivorous 2512: 2501: 2497: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2461:: branching 2448: 2431:polarization 2427:waggle dance 2416: 2413:Waggle dance 2401:waggle dance 2340: 2242: 2238: 2230:haplodiploid 2215: 2190: 2162:aggregations 2161: 2157: 2147: 2145: 2140:Bee "hotels" 2133: 2105: 2098: 2097:), visiting 2095:Megachilidae 2088: 2045:pollen wasps 2036: 2022: 2014: 1984: 1978: 1958: 1955:(corbiculae) 1928: 1924:A. mellifera 1923: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1866: 1850:nest in the 1817: 1797: 1793:haplodiploid 1788: 1782: 1774:haplodiploid 1732: 1730: 1661: 1654: 1647:The lapping 1557: 1536: 1508: 1480: 1440:Megachilidae 1438: 1417: 1379:Meganomiinae 1375:Dasypodainae 1369: 1340: 1254: 1253: 1240:Ammoplanidae 1238: 1204: 1170:Philanthidae 1168: 1148: 1078: 1056: 1051: 1015: 1010: 983: 949: 921: 898:Ammoplanidae 885: 881: 874: 872: 860:paraphyletic 853: 842: 840: 797:scopal hairs 773: 759: 753: 752:, like this 726:Early Eocene 721: 707: 696: 689:Melittosphex 688: 678: 660: 658: 622: 613:Cretotrigona 611: 579:Megachilidae 568: 541: 537:pollen wasps 529:evolutionary 513: 477: 473:commercially 466: 431: 424: 406: 365: 354:monophyletic 325: 324: 313: 312:(from Latin 309: 308: 282:Megachilidae 246: 240: 220:Infraorder: 137: 35: 28: 13489:iNaturalist 13405:Categories, 13384:Insecticide 13215:Sericulture 13186:Royal jelly 13111:Flea circus 13101:Entomophagy 13035:Cantharidin 13030:Spanish fly 13005:In medicine 12985:Fly fishing 12916:In the arts 12809:Vexillology 12570:Rare metals 12550:(blood red) 12148:Winged lion 12128:Sea-griffin 12063:Hippocampus 11996:Allocamelus 11638:Fimbriation 11566:Compartment 11543:Achievement 11511:Marshalling 11477:distinction 11335:Law of arms 11320:Authorities 11220:Halictidae 11212:Colletidae 11201:orchid bees 11193:cuckoo bees 11172:Andrenidae 11114:Crabronidae 11051:Formicidae 11043:Formicoidea 11001:Pompilidae 10988:Mutillidae 10980:Pompiloidea 10954:Chyphotidae 10871:Plumariidae 10866:Embolemidae 10785:Megalyridae 10767:Stephanidae 10631:Moranilidae 10601:Leucospidae 10596:Idioporidae 10591:Heydeniidae 10571:Eurytomidae 10521:Cleonymidae 10511:Chalcididae 10486:Boucekiidae 10471:Aphelinidae 10465:(fig wasps) 10414:Maamingidae 10391:Diaprioidea 10366:Pelecinidae 10356:Roproniidae 10322:Liopteridae 10271:Scelionidae 10187:(braconids) 10185:Braconidae 10043:(horntails) 9948:Cimbicidae 9338:(4): 2083. 8433:"Bee Movie" 8318:John Murray 8176:: 319–326. 7961:idtools.org 7846:10088/10101 7516:Bombyliidae 6875:8 September 6344:: 169–180. 5776:Hypotrigona 4216:heptacosane 4162:royal jelly 4125:botok tawon 4024:botok tawon 4011:eat insects 3991:royal jelly 3941:Squash bees 3819:pollination 3804:pollinating 3729:aroseiontai 3723:άροσειονται 3701:Tutankhamun 3685:royal jelly 3533:W. B. Yeats 3474:Shakespeare 3172:) inside a 3032:to collect 2950:dragonflies 2876:flycatchers 2832:crepuscular 2763:cuckoo bees 2661:Lepidoptera 2498:Gilliamella 2484:Gilliamella 2365:helicopters 2078:digger bees 2074:alkali bees 2066:squash bees 1991:orchid bees 1897:paper wasps 1869:Eusociality 1863:Eusociality 1827:Eusociality 1813:Hymenoptera 1696:and a long 1053:Crabronidae 923:Ampulicidae 879:Crabronidae 851:Crabronidae 826:mutualistic 814:angiosperms 789:coevolution 770:Coevolution 740:Coevolution 734:Pleistocene 701:within the 645:Melikertini 520:Crabronidae 500:Mesoamerica 469:pollination 462:dragonflies 342:pollination 328:are winged 204:Hymenoptera 13524:Categories 13465:Anthophila 13424:Pesticides 13161:Bee pollen 13156:Beekeeping 13138:entomology 13081:Biomimicry 13013:Apitherapy 12973:In fishing 12928:Beetlewing 12909:in culture 12754:equestrian 12538:(mulberry) 12264:Harrington 12194:Quatrefoil 12123:Salamander 12068:Hippogriff 12026:Cockatrice 12006:Amphiptere 11978:Wolfsangel 11958:Portcullis 11870:Black swan 11824:Camelopard 11653:Ordinaries 11571:Escutcheon 11521:impalement 11516:quartering 11499:variations 11417:Attributed 11355:pursuivant 11265:See also: 11236:Melittidae 11189:bumblebees 11185:honey bees 11156:Anthophila 11139:Sphecidae 11119:Mellinidae 11109:Bembicidae 11030:Scoliidae 11022:Scolioidea 11009:Sapygidae 10996:Myrmosidae 10959:Thynnidae 10946:Thynnoidea 10933:Tiphiidae 10920:Tiphioidea 10848:Bethylidae 10741:Evaniidae 10728:Evanioidea 10694:Systasidae 10636:Mymaridae 10606:Lyciscidae 10566:Eupelmidae 10556:Eulophidae 10541:Encyrtidae 10463:Agaonidae 10404:Diapriidae 10299:Cynipidae 10286:Cynipoidea 10261:Nixoniidae 10104:Orussidae 10096:Orussoidea 10041:Siricidae 10025:Siricoidea 9871:Subclass: 9861:Arthropoda 9523:20 January 9221:4 November 8756:: 521–524. 8316:. London: 8266:0486122980 8254:ad nauseam 8242:0674379306 7531:Cott, Hugh 6757:0716741202 6466:12 October 6440:12 October 6277:: 263–282. 6169:Apidologie 5792:Trigonisca 5572:(71): 71. 5404:2152/31261 5186:1808/16473 4297:References 4164:, pollen, 4150:Apitherapy 4090:including 4088:B vitamins 4060:phosphorus 4019:Indonesian 3834:beekeepers 3815:ecosystems 3811:pollinator 3783:See also: 3665:Beekeepers 3639:Beekeeping 3633:Beekeeping 3557:(pictured) 3427:divination 3371:pesticides 3359:pesticides 3332:pesticides 3307:Pesticides 3296:pesticides 3162:Bee broods 3148:Bee broods 3106:pesticides 3096:inside of 3006:Candida sp 2994:honey bees 2971:Tarsonemus 2933:ethologist 2868:bee-eaters 2824:Halictidae 2820:Colletidae 2816:Andrenidae 2799:Hesperapis 2794:dasypodaid 2721:subfamily 2668:bee orchid 2642:hoverflies 2618:Bee orchid 2566:endangered 2551:oligoleges 2451:microbiota 2423:navigation 2308:brood comb 2206:Life cycle 2197:flower. A 2152:, and the 2120:Andrenidae 2058:sweat bees 2033:mason bees 1995:allodapine 1981:Halictidae 1976:criteria. 1885:semisocial 1770:altruistic 1739:Meliponini 1690:mouthparts 1683:geniculate 1649:mouthparts 1632:See also: 1538:Colletidae 1510:Halictidae 1482:Andrenidae 1371:Melittidae 1350:Anthophila 1080:Mellinidae 985:Bembicidae 886:Heterogyna 882:sensu lato 868:Mellinidae 855:sensu lato 847:Anthophila 822:acarinaria 776:pollinated 710:Allodapini 592:Halictidae 588:Andrenidae 584:Colletidae 571:Melittidae 480:beekeeping 454:bee-eaters 421:Halictidae 409:Antarctica 402:sweat bees 390:mason bees 378:bumblebees 374:honey bees 366:Anthophila 287:Melittidae 277:Halictidae 272:Colletidae 262:Andrenidae 247:Anthophila 210:Suborder: 184:Arthropoda 47:70–0 29:Anthophila 13407:templates 13379:Pesticide 12995:Fly tying 12847:resources 12792:socialist 12715:Hatchment 12710:Bookplate 12690:Carnation 12677:Realistic 12490:Erminites 12328:Tinctures 12279:Hinckaert 12244:Bourchier 12098:Ouroboros 12083:Manticore 11988:Legendary 11963:Reremouse 11900:Przepaska 11829:Hind/stag 11819:Dog/hound 11628:Attitudes 11605:Supporter 11533:Societies 11494:divisions 11443:abatement 11104:Astatidae 10907:Vespidae 10891:Vespoidea 10861:Dryinidae 10736:Aulacidae 10709:Torymidae 10674:Pirenidae 10659:Ormyridae 10654:Ooderidae 10561:Eunotidae 10536:Diparidae 10491:Calesidae 10409:Ismaridae 10361:Heloridae 10317:Ibaliidae 10312:Figitidae 10083:Cephidae 10075:Cephoidea 9985:Xyeloidea 9964:Pergidae 9873:Pterygota 9853:Kingdom: 9770:"Apoidea" 9702:206558985 9144:3 News NZ 9096:206597443 8996:(London). 8880:20 August 8657:Bee World 8625:161643666 8568:Aristotle 8198:2213-2244 8135:1369-5274 8119:: 69–76. 8076:1932-6203 7966:25 August 7687:2246/5032 7512:Oestridae 7508:Tabanidae 7500:Syrphidae 7176:1432-1904 7115:0027-8424 7064:2 January 7039:2 January 6583:0892-7553 6512:Evolution 6492:8 October 6250:7 October 6087:0962-8452 5453:Evolution 5275:2246/1598 4908:: 57–78. 4887:234071940 4879:0195-6671 4576:0960-9822 4499:227250633 4158:raw honey 4096:saturated 4068:potassium 4064:magnesium 4015:bee brood 3949:cucumbers 3763:, and in 3689:pollinate 3597:Bee Movie 3587:starring 3585:2009 film 3486:Karl Marx 3454:Aristotle 3363:symbiotic 3347:symbiotic 3285:pollinate 3263:found in 3212:parasites 3154:symbiotic 3143:pupation. 3128:found in 3094:germinate 3066:queen bee 3030:mushrooms 2992:provides 2929:Beewolves 2773:Psithyrus 2771:subgenus 2752:thelytoky 2723:Nomadinae 2634:bee-flies 2534:guttation 2445:Digestion 2269:bumblebee 2245:spiracles 2131:mason bee 2108:fossorial 1949:bumblebee 1745:Sociality 1698:proboscis 1694:mandibles 1012:Sphecidae 951:Astatidae 892:and sunk 890:Nyssonini 832:Phylogeny 818:coevolved 782:, so the 755:Amegilla 750:coevolved 714:Oligocene 629:Paleocene 600:Australia 524:predators 510:Evolution 458:beewolves 364:, called 310:Apiformes 253:Families 170:Kingdom: 164:Eukaryota 13474:Wikidata 13347:Concerns 13299:Pioneers 13276:Woodworm 13181:Propolis 13136:Economic 13023:Melittin 13018:Apitoxin 12799:Logotype 12742:Illyrian 12624:Brunâtre 12548:Sanguine 12485:Erminois 12453:(purple) 12346:Hatching 12341:Tricking 12304:Stafford 12204:Shamrock 12153:Woodwose 12133:Sea-lion 12103:Pantheon 12078:Lindworm 12021:Chollima 12016:Biscione 12011:Basilisk 11933:Crapaudy 11834:Kangaroo 11696:Componée 11690:Łękawica 11586:pavilion 11581:Mantling 11460:courtesy 11455:Alliance 11383:dominion 11378:National 11309:Heraldry 11134:Psenidae 10476:Azotidae 9991:Xyelidae 9932:Argidae 9879:Neoptera 9859:Phylum: 9855:Animalia 9844:families 9794:BugGuide 9785:BugGuide 9694:25721506 9561:Archived 9541:(2011). 9517:Archived 9466:84191573 9395:Archived 9313:Archived 9240:Archived 9165:Archived 9148:Archived 9124:16 March 9118:Archived 9088:22461580 9037:Archived 9011:Archived 8984:Archived 8958:Archived 8942:20949138 8902:PLOS ONE 8874:Archived 8846:Archived 8829:Archived 8811:27069571 8731:Archived 8700:Archived 8681:Archived 8677:85120138 8574:(1910). 8534:16 March 8528:Archived 8508:16 March 8502:Archived 8472:Archived 8441:Archived 8411:Archived 8392:Archived 8359:Archived 8285:: 1–28. 8216:35342713 8151:19058556 8143:29309997 8094:31344052 8046:PLOS ONE 8017:25 April 7992:25 April 7935:Archived 7891:Archived 7807:Archived 7785:Archived 7745:18490389 7681:(3005). 7607:Archived 7581:Archived 7555:Archived 7533:(1940). 7504:Asilidae 7490:Archived 7425:27405383 7376:27247399 7317:Archived 7283:20047869 7234:Archived 7192:26518321 7184:14991148 7133:31776248 7059:phys.org 7016:15710880 6941:16330767 6869:Archived 6845:16 March 6839:Archived 6813:16 March 6807:Archived 6775:Archived 6703:Archived 6677:Archived 6651:Archived 6633:Archived 6591:24832889 6540:28563288 6408:Archived 6389:Archived 6358:44934383 6319:12868253 6241:Archived 6187:Archived 6145:29 March 6139:Archived 6105:16769636 6048:20740005 5966:20388889 5958:18511689 5867:20388889 5859:18511689 5813:Archived 5784:muelleri 5759:25084498 5720:Archived 5699:Archived 5665:23822725 5606:29776336 5544:Archived 5540:33533180 5495:Archived 5491:32318137 5483:17542846 5425:Archived 5413:19371167 5313:Archived 5287:Archived 5283:85810077 5233:25010174 5199:Archived 5195:54053341 5143:24715773 5085:Archived 5027:Archived 4984:Archived 4980:34626231 4930:28274420 4922:22934982 4829:28047407 4821:17068254 4779:21695157 4739:PLOS ONE 4685:Archived 4651:11172007 4584:37506702 4449:37506702 4369:17015826 4277:Triassic 4237:See also 4174:apitoxin 4166:propolis 4120:Javanese 4084:selenium 3987:propolis 3945:squashes 3884:such as 3850:tracheal 3813:in many 3754:Georgics 3699:such as 3697:pharaohs 3677:propolis 3667:collect 3627:The Bees 3535:'s poem 3379:mycelium 3375:mycelium 3367:mycelium 3355:mycelium 3343:mycelium 3339:mycelium 3328:microbes 3292:mycelium 3265:mycelium 3261:steroids 3249:mycelium 3237:steroids 3220:mycelium 3182:mycelium 3178:steroids 3164:are the 3158:mycelium 3130:mycelium 3110:Mycelium 3102:mycelium 3090:Mycelium 3054:mycelium 3038:immunity 3026:mycelium 3014:bacteria 3010:Monascus 2990:mycelium 2954:tracheal 2804:halictid 2787:nomadine 2421:studied 2397:navigate 2378:fruitfly 2314:in cells 2264:Nest of 2234:diapause 2222:pupation 2193:visit a 2189:Various 2166:colonies 2093:(family 2049:scavenge 1963:such as 1961:Vespidae 1934:eusocial 1873:eusocial 1820:termites 1679:antennae 1337:Internal 1206:Psenidae 911:Apoidea 837:External 703:Aculeata 450:primates 419:are the 386:socially 302:Synonyms 224:Aculeata 214:Apocrita 180:Phylum: 174:Animalia 160:Domain: 118: – 13271:Bed bug 13253:insects 13251:Harmful 13227:Shellac 13171:Beeswax 13126:Jingzhe 12906:insects 12902:Aspects 12895:insects 12775:Related 12643:Cendrée 12626:(brown) 12480:Ermines 12451:Purpure 12441:(green) 12417:(black) 12390:Colours 12370:(white) 12274:Heneage 12216:Thistle 12209:Trefoil 12143:Unicorn 12118:Phoenix 12113:Pegasus 12108:Panther 12093:Musimon 12088:Mermaid 12073:Lampago 12043:Enfield 12036:Chinese 11973:Serpent 11968:Scallop 11938:Dolphin 11912:Pelican 11907:Martlet 11895:Szaszor 11865:Alerion 11839:Leopard 11814:Bull/ox 11788:Saltire 11776:Roundel 11751:Lozenge 11721:Flaunch 11686:Chevron 11676:Bordure 11661:Annulet 11633:Erasure 11620:Charges 11484:Canting 11472:Cadency 11433:Armiger 11407:Burgher 11360:private 11330:History 11064:Apoidea 9867:Insecta 9865:Class: 9840:Extant 9804:Science 9672:Science 9586:704–708 9429:22 June 9401:22 June 9375:16 July 9293:15 July 9266:14 July 9068:Bibcode 9060:Science 9017:22 June 8933:2950847 8910:Bibcode 8872:. CNN. 8802:4782243 8781:Bibcode 8706:29 June 8478:28 June 8447:30 June 8417:28 June 8207:8943340 8178:Bibcode 8085:6657851 8054:Bibcode 7941:29 June 7870:29 June 7813:18 June 7613:30 June 7587:30 June 7496:Bombini 7416:4971173 7367:4932954 7344:Bibcode 7274:2838259 7156:Bibcode 7124:6926048 7093:Bibcode 6984:Bibcode 6932:1312389 6909:Bibcode 6781:7 March 6563:Bibcode 6532:2407147 6414:26 June 6299:Bibcode 6214:26 June 6096:1634925 6039:3279739 6018:Bibcode 5938:Bibcode 5929:Science 5910:5875340 5890:Bibcode 5839:Bibcode 5831:Science 5726:30 June 5656:3706286 5633:Bibcode 5597:5960199 5574:Bibcode 5421:4845087 5134:3974431 5111:Bibcode 5107:ZooKeys 5057:Bibcode 4960:Bibcode 4859:Bibcode 4801:Science 4770:3113908 4747:Bibcode 4708:Bibcode 4633:3054932 4611:Bibcode 4554:Bibcode 4427:Bibcode 4360:1586180 4337:Bibcode 4170:beeswax 4092:choline 4052:protein 4048:calcium 4037:coconut 4001:As food 3765:Pliny's 3751:in his 3673:beeswax 3624:fantasy 3490:society 3478:Tolstoy 3470:Erasmus 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