1043:
them to the
Russians, but in this day, the Ottomans couldn't make any progress. On the second day the Ottomans forced the Russians to retreat from their forward trenches. After the Ottoman victory of 8 November, Hasan İzzet's German chief of staff, Lieutenant Colonel Felix Guse, said to Hasan İzzet: "The best retreat is retreat after gaining success. We have been successful... If Russia attacks us with superior forces, it will be hard to hold in these trenches and retreat to Erzurum". Hasan İzzet accepted Guse's proposal and ordered to write a retreat decree. XI Corps commander Galip Pasha said "I will resign if this decree applies. There is no reason for retreat. This decision demoralizes our soldiers". This decree was cancelled and the next day more positions were captured. Battles continued until 21 November. In the following days, The Ottomans tried to encircle the Russians with 29th Division in the north and 33rd Division in the south. On 17 November, 33rd Division was just 3,000 soldiers strong, and was defeated by Przevalski's superior forces. 29th Division coincided inconvenient terrain; accordingly, they were stopped easily by the Russians. Also 29th Division didn't move away much from its main army. In fact, Hasan İzzet make encirclement on paper for convincing Enver.
985:
Corps 22.000 soldier. 13th Corps came from
Baghdad and it could bring only 2.000 soldiers. 37th Division was sent to Bayazit against Oganovski's forces. Considering Turkish losses was 11.800 in Bergmann Offensive, We can estimate that Turkish Army was 62.000 soldiers in Bergmann Offensive. As for Russian side, Muratoff and Allen gave vague numbers. They said that "at an average of 1000 men per battalion, Caucasian Army amounted to about 100.000 infantry, 15.000 cavalry (117 sotni) and 256 guns". Muratoff and Allen also said that Plastun (3 Plastun Brigade: 18 battalion) and Turkistan battalions (21 Battalions) was rarely above 800 men and 39th and 20th (16 battalions both) infantry division, after mobilization, became 25-30% above normal strength. Amount of normal strength isn't mentioned but it is probably 1000 men. In Bergmann Offensive, initially Russian had 39th, 20th Divisions (40.000-42000 infantry), 5 Battalions of 1st Plastun Brigade (3.500 infantry) and 36 sotni (4.000 cavalry) and 120 guns. On the 15th, 4th Turkistan Rifle Brigade arrived. Strength of 4th Turkistan Rifle Brigade isn't mentioned by Muratoff and Allen but it constituted half of the Turkistan Army Corps (21 battalions, 42 guns).
1389:
229:
218:
207:
196:
185:
174:
163:
141:
130:
794:
Russian advances were held in check as a result of heavy fighting between 7 and 10 November. On 11 November
Ottoman forces counterattacked and the Russian flanks quickly became at risk, forcing a Russian retreat. By the 12th they had retreated back to the lines they occupied on the 4th, and still at risk of being outflanked, further retreats followed. Only the arrival of Russian reinforcements headed by General Przevalski checked the situation and halted the Russian retreat. On 16–17 November Przevalski crossed the Aras river and at dawn attacked part of the Turkish XI Corps, halting their advance. After two more days the fighting finally petered out.
86:
152:
98:
285:
274:
263:
252:
241:
111:
29:
1042:
village 10 kilometers northwest of Köprüköy. One regiment of XI Corps fell into heavy
Russian rifle and artillery fire. This regiment started to escape disorderly and panic passed to other Ottoman troops. All XI Corps ran off to Hasankale. Ottoman officers regrouped XI Corps before long and sent back
797:
Russian losses were 1,000 killed and 4,000 wounded, 1,000 men died of exposure(with the
Bakinski regiment suffering 40% losses), while the Ottomans lost 1,983 men killed, 6,170 wounded, 3,070 were taken prisoner, and 2,800 deserted. Yudenich and his staff were disappointed by the unsuccessful attack.
1063:
said: "If Russia would make use of this retreat, they could capture all our army with just one cavalry division". IX Corps commander Ahmet Fevzi Pasha criticized Hasan İzzet for this unnecessary retreat. Hasan İzzet Pasha wanted approval from Enver Pasha to dismiss of Ahmet Fevzi Pasha by making the
988:
In conclusion, Russians started battle with 45.000 infantry, 4.000 cavalry and 120 guns. They gained 7–8.000 strong reinforcement in 15 November. On the other hand, Turkish 17th
Division caught Battle in 17 November. Consequently, both side had approximately 50.000 soldiers with equal gunpower (120
793:
By 5 November
Bergmann had completed the objectives expected of him. However, he expanded his mission by ordering further advances into Ottoman territory. By 6 November contact was made between the opposing armies, and heavy fighting continued into the 7th, with temporary Russian successes. Further
766:
units. The
Russians considered the Turkish forces to be too weak to mount any offensive before winter weather would make any such offensive impossible, and no other offensive moves were intended by the Russian high command of the Caucasian army – their strategy envisaged an active defense against a
750:
consisted of 45,000 infantry and the
Ottoman army had 60,000 infantry available) and Russia separated their army carelessly. The Ottomans however didn't use this advantage due to their precaution. Russia equalized numbers by starting to bring in the Turkistan Army Corps on 16 November. The Ottomans
984:
could bring only 8.000 men. 33rd
Division (initial number isn't mentioned in sources but it is close to 34th Division) decreased to 3.000 soldiers. At the beginning of the Battle of Sarikamish, Turkish forces was 90.000 soldiers. 40.000 soldiers came from 10th Corps. 9th Corps was 28.000 and 11th
979:
Turks had 227 thousand men (At the time, Turk Army tend to have available soldiers 70% of sum (160.000) approximately) on paper but Turk lost huge number of their troops due to illness, frostbite and desertion before reaching battlefield. 34th Division of 11th Corps had initially 12.000 men but
821:
Muratoff and Allen describe Bergman as "an officer who liked to imitate in appearance and manner the type of the old Caucasian hero-leaders", but who had "none of the qualities which are necessary as a commander; he had no experience of field operations, and was merely blindly obstinate when he
1026:
recommended Hasan İzzet to attack and annihilate separately moving Russian troops. Because of this, Hasan İzzet Pasha underestimated the Russians and sent back XI Corps in a similar hurry. On 6 November, Cavalry Division again battled Russian troops in
1064:
argument that "Although he is commanding one of the most privileged Corps of 3rd Army, he is pessimistic about the result of the war". Enver Pasha gave the approval and Ahmet Fevzi Pasha was both dismissed and retired. 34th Division commander
746:. X Corps didn't participate in the Bergmann Offensive due to its distance. 29th, 33rd and 37th Divisions joined the battle on 11 November and 17th Division on 17 November. The Ottomans initially had a 33% infantry numerical advantage (the
1073:
and send a proxy in his place, as he was minister of war and vice-generalissimo. Enver Pasha sent second chief of staff Hafiz Hakki Pasha instead of himself, but a few days later he also went to the Ottoman 3rd Army. This arrivals led to
997:
On 1 November, Russians crossed the border and started the move on Erzurum. The Ottoman frontier guards couldn't detect the power of the Russian forces because they were killed, routed or captured abruptly by Russians. 3rd Army commander
1068:
was appointed IX Corps commander by Hasan İzzet Pasha. This retreat caused intrigue against Hasan İzzet Pasha. Enver Pasha wanted to see the situation on the scene. The council of ministers suggested that he should stay in
1377:
1034:
Hasan İzzet planned to rout this vanguard force and retreat again to the Erzurum fortifications. 7 November was a rainy and foggy day. Two divisions of XI Corps moved from
2171:
1051:
On 21 November, the Ottomans regained 30 kilometers but Hasan İzzet decide to retreat 15 kilometers as he had received exaggerated information about Russian troops toward
1355:
751:
obtained a 50% infantry advantage by bringing X Corps (40,000 infantry) at the beginning of December. This numerical superiority encouraged the Ottomans to perform the
557:
798:
Turkish forces then crossed the border and, advancing into the lower Choruh valley, destroyed on 15 November a Russian column sent to protect the copper mines at
440:
1059:
and presence of Ottoman troops decreased by 50%. Russia didn't anticipate the Ottomans would retreat, because the Ottomans had successfully fought for 2 weeks.
1370:
2176:
727:
747:
2138:
1616:
1363:
156:
1385:
433:
2166:
426:
2186:
245:
2206:
2201:
1507:
774:. The primary aim was to secure the Eleșkirt valley. On the right flank, 20th Infantry Division under Istomin moved from
1014:
sent 2nd Cavalry Division (1300 swords) to reconnoitre. On 4 November, Cavalry Division's commander lieutenant colonel
2191:
1295:
1221:
714:. Russia also had 20 cavalry companies. On the other hand, the Ottomans had XI Corps' 2 divisions (18 Battalions) at
1055:. He withdrew all armies on the night of 21 November. A terrible blizzard showed up. Hundreds of soldiers died from
1497:
1986:
1349:
Birinci Dünya Savaşında Kafkas Cephesinde Muharebeler, yazan Alman Yarbay Guze, çev. Yarbay Hakkı (Akoğuz), p. 28.
599:
1956:
1691:
492:
2211:
1726:
517:
2041:
1896:
1195:Царствование Императора Николая 2/ Сергей Ольденбург.-М.:Центрполиграф, 2022.-654 с. ISBN 978-5-227-09905-1
767:
locally superior force. However, local Russian commanders had the authority to authorize limited advances.
267:
1961:
1656:
1577:
2161:
2076:
2066:
2011:
1881:
1876:
1736:
1696:
1686:
1671:
1557:
567:
486:
1527:
2096:
1746:
1532:
1418:
552:
2196:
2181:
2026:
1866:
1661:
1443:
1408:
621:
562:
1186:
Eugene Rogan. The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East. Hachette UK. 2015. P. 78
1002:
assumed that a Russian offensive with superior forces had started. He ordered XI Corps to retreat
2106:
1941:
1936:
1901:
1731:
1676:
1646:
1552:
1477:
1438:
1433:
1413:
692:
538:
2116:
2056:
1926:
1911:
1891:
1841:
1826:
1776:
1681:
1626:
1611:
1492:
1428:
1031:
and retreated. It was observed the Russians as 8 infantry battalions and one cavalry regiment.
1951:
1851:
1756:
1711:
1636:
1567:
1517:
1502:
1462:
1423:
786:
division under Baratov moved into the Eleșkirt valley towards Yuzveran, after it crossed the
481:
2111:
2016:
1976:
1971:
1886:
1846:
1831:
1801:
1706:
1666:
1601:
1214:
The Campaign in Armenia. Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I, vol ii
1075:
815:
752:
584:
573:
470:
1011:
999:
8:
2086:
1921:
1916:
1871:
1856:
1716:
1701:
1641:
1472:
1263:
W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, "Caucasian Battlefields", Cambridge 1953, pages 246-247.
2046:
1996:
1991:
1931:
1811:
1781:
1771:
1547:
1537:
1522:
1487:
1482:
1039:
763:
639:
609:
604:
546:
512:
505:
319:
33:
The limit of the Russian advance into Anatolia during the Caucasus Campaign (1914–1918)
2121:
2101:
2036:
1981:
1836:
1766:
1751:
1721:
1631:
1606:
1467:
1399:
1291:
1217:
1065:
1015:
981:
676:
594:
589:
499:
476:
450:
178:
167:
2081:
2061:
2051:
2031:
1966:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1651:
1572:
1562:
1512:
1319:
W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, "Caucasian Battlefields", Cambridge 1953, page 241.
1310:
W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, "Caucasian Battlefields", Cambridge 1953, page 244.
1272:
W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, "Caucasian Battlefields", Cambridge 1953, page 248.
1254:
W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, "Caucasian Battlefields", Cambridge 1953, page 242.
680:
656:
579:
525:
222:
189:
1028:
1019:
1006:
without learning the magnitude of the Russian army. XI Corps retreated hastily to
771:
532:
2091:
2071:
2021:
2006:
1946:
1861:
1786:
1761:
1621:
688:
289:
278:
256:
54:
770:
On 2 November, Bergmann's troops crossed the border in the general direction of
2001:
1816:
1542:
1388:
696:
615:
228:
217:
206:
195:
184:
173:
162:
140:
129:
115:
91:
58:
1094:
Rob Johnson. "The Great War and the Middle East". Oxford University. Page 156.
1060:
702:
When the war started, Russia had 25 battalions at Sarikamish, 8 battalions at
211:
200:
2155:
1906:
1821:
707:
103:
28:
1741:
634:
333:
1st Caucasian Army Corps (32 battalions): 40-42,000 infantry & 96 guns
1587:
1453:
1056:
1023:
811:
684:
233:
145:
134:
759:
787:
1038:. The Russians were supposed to be east of Köprüköy, but they came to
807:
1035:
715:
799:
418:
1070:
762:
valley as a defensive measure to prevent the incursion of Kurdish
723:
397:
at least 20,000 deserted before battle (mostly Armenian soldiers)
1007:
1003:
783:
719:
1052:
803:
743:
739:
338:
731:
735:
358:
General Reserve: 2nd Turkistan Army Corps (21 battalions, 12
1290:] (in Russian). Saint-Petersburg: Poligon. p. 878.
1266:
810:. Turkish success during these first engagements encouraged
779:
775:
758:
At the outbreak of war, the Russians decided to occupy the
711:
703:
1216:. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 500.
669:, "Battles of Köprüköy and Azap"; in Russian literature
355:
2st Kuban Plastun Brigade (6 battalions): 4,000 infantry
349:
1st Kuban Plastun Brigade (5 battalions): 3,500 infantry
675:—"Köprüköy operation") was the first engagement of the
1155:. New York: Cambridge Library Collection. p. 242.
1230:
311:
XI Corps (3 division): 35,000 soldiers & 60 guns
308:
IX Corps (3 division): 50,000 soldiers & 72 guns
2172:
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
1076:
Sarikamish outflanking manoeuvre and pitched battle
1327:
1325:
2153:
1129:. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
352:Armenian volunteers (4 druzhina): 4,000 infantry
1322:
1281:
1275:
1112:Hafız Hakkı Paşa'nın Sarıkamış Günlüğü, p. 46.
1018:fought against Russian troops successfully in
1371:
1284:Первая мировая война (Pervaya mirovaya voyna)
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
670:
664:
434:
2139:List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
16:First battle of the Caucasus Campaign of WW1
1236:General Nikolski, Sarıkamış Harekatı, p. 3.
1150:
1124:
802:, forcing the Russians to evacuate Borçka,
679:. The first battle after the Russians took
362:); 17,000 infantry, 1,500 cavalry, 48 guns
314:37th Division: 5,000 soldiers & 20 guns
1378:
1364:
1211:
1133:
1097:
441:
427:
1245:Köprülülü Şerif İlden, Sarıkamış, p. 161.
1331:Köprülülü Şerif İlden, Sarıkamış, p. 56.
1182:
989:Russian guns against 128 Turkish guns).
822:thought to show strength of character".
2177:Battles of World War I involving Russia
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1120:
1118:
718:, IX Corps' 28th and 29th Divisions at
2154:
1359:
825:
448:
422:
1198:
1159:
1151:P. Muratoff, W. E. D. Allen (1953).
1115:
992:
1393:Ottoman battles in the 20th century
336:1st Caucasian Cossack Division (30
13:
1046:
730:, 37th Division (6 battalions) at
695:, took the initiative against the
342:) and one odd Cossack regiment (6
14:
2223:
2167:Battles of the Caucasus Campaign
1697:Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)
1387:
317:Turks had also 40,000 irregular
283:
272:
261:
250:
239:
227:
216:
205:
194:
183:
172:
161:
150:
139:
128:
109:
96:
84:
27:
1343:
1334:
1313:
1304:
1257:
1248:
1282:Zayonchkovskiy, A. M. (2000).
1239:
1189:
1088:
722:, IX Corps's 17th Division at
346:): 4,500 cavalry & 24 guns
1:
1672:3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove)
1657:2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove)
1081:
726:, XI Corps' 33rd Division at
666:Köprüköy ve Azap Muharebeleri
2134:For the battles before 1900
1732:Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill)
831:Turkish 3rd Army in October
734:, X Corps' 30th Division at
7:
2187:History of Erzurum Province
1340:İlden, Sarıkamış, p. 68-71.
1212:Hinterhoff, Eugene (1984).
980:Commander of 34th Division
10:
2228:
2207:1914 in the Russian Empire
2202:1914 in the Ottoman Empire
1022:village. On the same day,
304:or 90,000 & 152 guns
2130:
1637:1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)
1627:Seddülbayır (Cape Helles)
1586:
1452:
1398:
671:
460:
368:
295:
121:
77:
37:
26:
21:
2192:History of Kars Province
1737:Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon)
1478:Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia)
663:; in Turkish literature
1558:2nd Edirne (Adrianople)
1508:1st Edirne (Adrianople)
693:1st Caucasus Army Corps
411:1,000 died of frostbite
1153:Caucasian Battlefields
816:to attack at Sarıkamıș
782:. On the left flank a
748:Russian Caucasian Army
665:
660:
329:75,000 & 168 guns
122:Commanders and leaders
1957:Berukin and 1st Arara
1702:Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)
742:and 31st Division at
672:Кёприкейская операция
369:Casualties and losses
2212:November 1914 events
1722:Kılıçbayır (The Nek)
1597:Köprüköy (Bergmann)
1125:Şerif ilden (1922).
778:in the direction of
753:Sarikamish Offensive
710:and 5 battalions at
385:3,070 taken prisoner
246:I. Vorontsov-Dashkov
1473:Kırcalı (Kardzhali)
832:
738:, 32nd Division at
691:, commander of the
629:Associated articles
1897:Hareira and Sheria
830:
826:Strength of forces
706:, 5 battalions at
653:Bergmann Offensive
465:Bergmann Offensive
45:2–21 November 1914
22:Bergmann Offensive
2162:Conflicts in 1914
2147:
2146:
2042:Afulah and Beisan
2012:German Expedition
1752:Erzurum offensive
1498:İşkodra (Scutari)
1400:Italo-Turkish War
1012:Hasan İzzet Pasha
1000:Hasan İzzet Pasha
993:From Turkish Side
975:
974:
677:Caucasus Campaign
648:
647:
568:German expedition
452:Caucasus campaign
417:
416:
168:Yusuf İzzet Pasha
73:
72:
2219:
2077:Jisr Benat Yakub
1762:Felahiye (Hanna)
1652:Battle of Dilman
1617:Naval operations
1533:Varna (Kaliakra)
1392:
1391:
1380:
1373:
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1234:
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1122:
1113:
1110:
1095:
1092:
956:Erzurum Fortress
833:
829:
674:
673:
668:
661:Bergmann Taaruzu
455:
453:
443:
436:
429:
420:
419:
288:
287:
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277:
276:
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268:Nikolai Yudenich
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223:Behaeddin Shakir
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39:
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19:
18:
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2222:
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2218:
2217:
2216:
2197:Erzurum vilayet
2182:1914 in Armenia
2152:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2126:
1962:2nd Transjordan
1588:First World War
1582:
1448:
1394:
1386:
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1194:
1190:
1185:
1160:
1149:
1134:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1066:Ali İhsan Pasha
1049:
1047:Willing Retreat
995:
982:Ali İhsan Pasha
828:
689:Georgy Bergmann
649:
644:
626:
456:
451:
449:
447:
396:
303:
290:Nikolai Istomin
284:
282:
281:
279:Nikolai Baratov
273:
271:
270:
262:
260:
259:
257:Georgy Bergmann
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179:Ali İhsan Pasha
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149:
148:
138:
137:
127:
110:
108:
97:
95:
94:
85:
83:
69:Ottoman victory
61:
55:Erzurum Vilayet
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Jisr ed Damieh
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Bir el Hassana
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1222:
1197:
1188:
1158:
1132:
1114:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1048:
1045:
994:
991:
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
893:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
827:
824:
697:Ottoman Empire
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
631:
630:
625:
624:
619:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
543:
542:
541:
529:
522:
521:
520:
510:
509:
508:
496:
489:
484:
479:
474:
467:
461:
458:
457:
446:
445:
438:
431:
423:
415:
414:
413:
412:
409:
406:
398:
390:
389:
388:2,800 deserted
386:
383:
380:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
363:
356:
353:
350:
347:
334:
326:
325:
324:
315:
312:
309:
298:
297:
293:
292:
236:
124:
123:
119:
118:
116:Russian Empire
106:
92:Ottoman Empire
80:
79:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:Ottoman Empire
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2224:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Khan Baghdadi
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Kara Killisse
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1307:
1299:
1297:5-89173-082-0
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1225:
1223:0-86307-181-3
1219:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1192:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:in two days.
1009:
1005:
1001:
990:
986:
983:
977:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
844:
842:(Pack) Animal
841:
838:
835:
834:
823:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
795:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
765:
761:
756:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
667:
662:
658:
654:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
627:
623:
620:
618:
617:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
553:2nd Trebizond
551:
549:
548:
544:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
530:
528:
527:
523:
519:
516:
515:
514:
513:1st Trebizond
511:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:
497:
495:
494:
493:Kara Killisse
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:
468:
466:
463:
462:
459:
454:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
424:
421:
410:
408:4,000 wounded
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
393:Total: 14,023
387:
384:
382:6,170 wounded
381:
378:
377:
376:
373:
372:
367:
361:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
341:
340:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
322:
321:
316:
313:
310:
307:
306:
305:
300:
299:
294:
291:
280:
269:
258:
247:
237:
235:
230:
224:
219:
213:
208:
202:
197:
191:
186:
180:
175:
169:
164:
158:
147:
142:
136:
131:
126:
125:
120:
117:
107:
105:
104:German Empire
93:
82:
81:
76:
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
41:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2149:
2135:
1912:Mughar Ridge
1902:Wadi el Hesi
1842:Jebel Hamlin
1596:
1543:İmroz (Elli)
1345:
1336:
1315:
1306:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1213:
1191:
1152:
1126:
1090:
1050:
1033:
996:
987:
978:
976:
848:Mitrailleuse
820:
814:in his plan
796:
792:
769:
757:
701:
652:
650:
635:Dunsterforce
614:
572:
545:
531:
524:
498:
491:
469:
464:
405:1,000 killed
400:
392:
391:
379:1,983 killed
374:
359:
343:
337:
328:
318:
301:
78:Belligerents
1707:Anafartalar
1590:(1914–1918)
1578:2nd Çatalca
1528:1st Çatalca
1493:Kirk Kilise
1463:Sarantaporo
1456:(1912–1913)
1454:Balkan Wars
1424:Kunfuda Bay
1402:(1911–1912)
1288:World War I
1061:Ziya Yergök
1057:hypothermia
1024:Enver Pasha
1016:Yusuf İzzet
812:Enver Pasha
685:World War I
640:Norperforce
558:2nd Erzurum
500:1st Erzurum
234:Yakub Cemil
146:Galip Pasha
135:Enver Pasha
2156:Categories
2112:Khan Ayash
2017:Abu Tellul
1977:Karakilisa
1972:Sardarabad
1937:Tell 'Asur
1802:Bir el Abd
1612:Suez Canal
1602:Sarikamish
1503:Lüleburgaz
1082:References
916:13th Corps
896:11th Corps
876:10th Corps
788:Aras River
687:. General
585:Karakilisa
574:Sardarabad
526:1st Bitlis
471:Sarikamish
157:Felix Guse
2117:2nd Amman
2022:2nd Arara
1952:1st Amman
1922:Jerusalem
1917:Ayun Kara
1882:Khuweilfe
1877:Beersheba
1872:Wadi Musa
1857:Istabulat
1772:Trebizond
1747:Sağ Sahil
1717:Sarıbayır
1712:Conkbayır
1687:Manzikert
1682:Zığındere
1677:3rd Kirte
1667:No.3 Post
1662:2nd Kirte
1647:1st Kirte
1127:Sarıkamış
1040:Badicivan
1036:Hasankale
856:9th Corps
716:Hasankale
487:Manzikert
190:Şerif Bey
2087:Damascus
2067:Tiberias
2047:Nazareth
1997:Binagadi
1992:Kurdamir
1887:3rd Gaza
1852:2nd Gaza
1847:1st Gaza
1837:Samarrah
1812:Magdhaba
1782:Erzincan
1642:Baby 700
1538:Merhamli
1523:Monastir
1488:Kumanovo
1483:Sorovich
1419:Benghazi
1071:Istanbul
1029:Köprüköy
1020:Köprüköy
772:Köprüköy
764:Hamidiye
760:Eleşkirt
708:Kağızman
622:Dagestan
610:Binagadi
605:Kurdamir
547:Erzincan
539:Çapakçur
518:Lazistan
506:Koprukoy
320:Hamidiye
296:Strength
212:Ziya Bey
201:Arif Bey
50:Location
2122:Haritan
2102:Sharqat
2037:Tulkarm
2027:Megiddo
1982:Goychay
1932:Jericho
1892:Baghdad
1832:2nd Kut
1742:1st Kut
1727:Hill 60
1632:Kumkale
1607:Ardahan
1563:Bolayır
1548:Korytsa
1468:Yenidje
1409:Preveza
1008:Erzurum
1004:Erzurum
945:109.108
939:193.781
808:Ardanuç
784:Cossack
720:Erzurum
683:during
681:Bayazet
657:Turkish
595:Goychay
590:Mastara
563:Choloki
477:Ardahan
401:7,000
375:12,000
323:cavalry
302:96,000
2107:Aleppo
2082:Kaukab
2062:Samakh
2032:Tabsor
1967:Abaran
1867:Ramadi
1797:Romani
1792:Bitlis
1573:Bizani
1568:Şarköy
1553:Lemnos
1518:Himara
1513:Prilep
1444:Zanzur
1439:Rhodes
1434:Beirut
1414:Tobruk
1294:
1220:
1053:Narman
959:32.769
942:49.755
905:24.251
902:12.147
899:49.017
885:35.326
882:16.197
879:63.700
865:42.456
862:17.865
859:71.474
804:Artvin
800:Borçka
744:Amasya
740:Samsun
580:Abaran
360:sotnia
344:sotnia
339:sotnia
101:
89:
66:Result
2092:Kiswe
2072:Irbid
2057:Haifa
2052:Jenin
2007:Arsuf
1987:Aghsu
1947:Hijla
1927:Jaffa
1862:Aqaba
1822:Nekhl
1807:Yanbu
1787:Aqaba
1777:Mecca
1767:Sabis
1622:Katya
1429:Derna
1286:[
965:2.947
962:1.710
936:Total
925:7.075
922:3.546
919:9.590
845:Rifle
736:Sivas
728:Tutak
724:İspir
600:Aghsu
2002:Baku
1817:Rafa
1757:Wadi
1292:ISBN
1218:ISBN
971:323
951:208
851:Gun
836:Unit
806:and
776:Oltu
712:Kars
704:Oltu
651:The
616:Baku
42:Date
2136:see
1907:Huj
931:20
911:60
891:56
871:72
839:Men
732:Muş
533:Muş
482:Van
2158::
1324:^
1200:^
1161:^
1135:^
1117:^
1099:^
1078:.
948:64
908:16
888:20
868:24
818:.
790:.
780:İd
755:.
699:.
659::
57:,
1379:e
1372:t
1365:v
1300:.
1226:.
968:0
928:4
655:(
442:e
435:t
428:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
