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165:(UPADS) and ahead of the PCT candidate, President Sassou Nguesso. His support was strongest in the Pool Region, where he won 64.4% of the vote in the first round; he did not win a first round majority in any other region, although he placed first in Brazzaville with 29.9% of the vote. In the second round, the PCT backed Lissouba and Kolélas was defeated, taking 38.68% of the vote; he won second round majorities in the Pool Region (88.71%), Brazzaville (56.80%), and
1004:
235:, Kolélas was elected to the National Assembly as the MCDDI candidate in Goma Tsé-Tsé constituency; facing two challengers, he won the seat in the first round with 86.44% of the vote. As the oldest Deputy in the National Assembly, he presided over the first meeting of the newly elected National Assembly, at which the bureau of the National Assembly was elected, on September 4, 2007.
227:
by a
Congolese court for illegal arrests, abductions, and rape. In October 2005, he returned to Congo from exile to attend the funeral of his wife, Jacqueline; Sassou Nguesso granted Kolélas a special amnesty for the occasion on humanitarian grounds, enabling him to visit. In the Bacongo district of
208:
at the time, claimed that his forces were effectively in control of the city, while suggesting that he might return home to lead the country. The government rejected Kolélas' claim and said that the army had the upper hand. A few days later, Kolélas described the rebellion as an uprising of the
203:
Lissouba and Kolélas were ousted and forced into exile when forces loyal to Sassou-Nguesso captured
Brazzaville on October 14, 1997. Ninja rebels loyal to Kolélas continued to fight for some time afterwards. In November 1998, Kolélas spurned a government offer of dialogue. Pro-Kolélas rebels
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and chose not to accept it. Kolélas was arrested in
September 1963 and spent one month in detention. He was arrested again in February 1964, but was freed at the request of Prime Minister Pascal Lissouba. He then went into exile across the
196:, Kolélas was President of the National Mediation Committee. President Lissouba, seeking to secure his position and resolve the conflict by bringing his opponents into the government, appointed Kolélas as Prime Minister at the head of a
184:, and attacked the Ninjas with heavy weaponry. Following an agreement on 30 January 1994, the violence was reduced, and Lissouba and Kolélas publicly reconciled in June 1994. In July 1994, Kolélas was elected as Mayor of Brazzaville.
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129:. He was sentenced to death, but was granted a reprieve and subsequently released on 1 January 1972 and put. He was again arrested in connection with another plot in August 1978 and was released in 1980. Afterwards he lived in
228:
Brazzaville, excitement led to clashes between his supporters and the police on
October 13, immediately prior to his return. The National Assembly unanimously adopted a law granting an amnesty to Kolélas on November 23, 2005.
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in
September 1997. The government under Kolélas was composed of 41 members; although the rebel coalition loyal to Sassou Nguesso was offered some portfolios in the government, it rejected the offer.
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242:, Kolélas was hospitalized in Paris in late 2007. In 2009, he spent several months in Paris for medical treatment before dying there in the early hours of 13 November 2009 at the age of 76.
180:, and about 2,000 people were killed in serious political violence from 1993 to 1994. In January 1994, the army blockaded the Bacongo district of Brazzaville, the stronghold of Kolélas'
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34:(PCT), and after the introduction of multiparty politics in the early 1990s he was one of Congo-Brazzaville's most important political leaders. He placed second in the
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176:(URD), in alliance with the PCT, despite Kolélas' prior opposition to the PCT. The conflict between the government and the opposition became more severe following the
86:, who was Congo-Brazzaville's first President, Kolélas worked for a time as Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1961. After Youlou was ousted and
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58:. After rebel forces prevailed in the civil war, he lived in exile for eight years until an amnesty made it possible for him to return; he was then elected to the
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On behalf of his party, Kolélas signed an agreement on the creation of an electoral alliance between the MCDDI and the PCT on April 24, 2007. In the subsequent
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Kolélas later founded a political party, the MCDDI; its statutes were deposited at the
Ministry of the Interior on 3 August 1989. In the
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524:"Congo: Sassou-Nguesso group rejects offer of ministerial posts", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), September 14, 1997.
722:
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340:"Le MCDDI veut perpétuer les idées de Bernard Kolelas" (in French). Agence D'Information D'Afrique Centrale. 19 November 2013.
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took power in August 1963, Kolélas was appointed as
Minister of Foreign Affairs, but he preferred that the post should go to
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533:"Rebel leader rejects Congo-Brazzaville government offer", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), November 24, 1998.
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554:"Congo: Former premier says Angolan troops helped put down Brazzaville uprising", AFP (nl.newsbank.com), December 23, 1998.
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A period of instability in
Congolese politics followed the 1992 election. Kolélas led an opposition coalition, the
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on 7 November 1988 and 20 November 1989, proposing a national roundtable discussion on the country's problems.
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427:"Le sort des poids lourds positionnés dans les circonscriptions électorales de l'hinterland"
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unsuccessfully attempted to seize
Brazzaville in December 1998, and Kolélas, who was in the
78:, in 1933. He attended primary and secondary school in the nearby administrative capital of
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constituency, located in the Pool Region. Kolélas then stood as the MCDDI candidate in the
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767:"Congo: décès de l'ex-Premier ministre et maire de Brazzaville Bernard Kolélas"
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30:(MCDDI). Kolélas was a long-time opponent of the single-party rule of the
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youth, and he said that it had only been defeated due to intervention by
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79:
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498:"Informations; Congo : vers un « accord de paix » ?"
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John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the
Struggle to Consolidate", in
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La guerre civile du Congo-Brazzaville, 1993-2002: "chacun aura sa part"
1265:
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development politicians
666:"Un mot sur les suffrages des élus du premier tour des législatives"
153:, he was elected to the National Assembly as the MCDDI candidate in
597:
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310:"Parlement - Bernard Bakana Kolélas décédé ce 13 novembre à Paris"
992:
567:"L’Assemblée nationale adopte la loi amnistiant Bernard Kolelas"
484:, University of Nancy II, October 26, 2001, pages 104–105
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Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique
373:
Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique
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74:, Kolélas was born at Mboloki (Mpayaka), located in the Pool's
611:"Le MCDDI et le PCT de nouveau alliés pour gouverner ensemble"
464:(1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 70–75.
50:, the capital, during the mid-1990s, and he briefly served as
696:"Elections législatives : les 44 élus du premier tour"
169:(50.77%) but fared very poorly in the rest of the country.
851:
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
28:
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
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Members of the National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)
65:
16:
Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1933–2009)
119:
In November 1969, Kolélas unsuccessfully attempted a
723:"La nouvelle Assemblée nationale entre en fonction"
740:"Le président Bernard Kolélas hospitalisé à Paris"
482:"LA DEMOCRATIE ET LES REALITES ETHNIQUES AU CONGO"
543:"Congo government denies rebels hold Brazzaville"
1231:
286:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
725:, Xinhua (Jeuneafrique.com), September 5, 2007
221:On May 4, 2000, Kolélas was sentenced to death
1290:21st-century Republic of the Congo politicians
1285:20th-century Republic of the Congo politicians
22:(12 June 1933 – 13 November 2009) was a
1280:Mayors of places in the Republic of the Congo
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114:
1250:Prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo
994:Prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo
267:"Le jeu triangulaire et dramatique au Congo"
151:June–July 1992 parliamentary election
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269:. Archived from the original on 2008-05-03
178:May–June 1993 parliamentary election
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107:, and founded an opposition newspaper,
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163:Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
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753:, N° 2749, December 4, 2007, page 2
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66:Education and early political career
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409:(2006), KARTHALA Editions, page 62
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52:Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville
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36:August 1992 presidential election
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105:Democratic Republic of the Congo
70:A native of Congo-Brazzaville's
26:politician and President of the
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174:Union for Democratic Renewal
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622:Les Dépêches de Brazzaville
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438:Les Dépêches de Brazzaville
321:Les Dépêches de Brazzaville
233:2007 parliamentary election
10:
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671:February 26, 2012, at the
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238:Reportedly suffering from
115:Activities during PCT rule
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371:Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga,
1192:post abolished, 2009–16
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1051:post abolished, 1960–63
1028:post abolished, 1959–60
315:March 26, 2012, at the
88:Alphonse Massemba-Débat
947:Hellot Matson Mampouya
916:Claude Alphonse Nsilou
911:Bernard Combo-Matsiona
42:; subsequently he was
32:Congolese Labour Party
20:Bernard Bakana Kolélas
1255:Mayors of Brazzaville
926:Bernard Tchibambelela
875:Euloge Landry Kolélas
103:, the capital of the
952:Claude-Ernest Ndalla
751:Le Semaine Africaine
580:, November 24, 2005
511:, September 5, 1997
503:May 9, 2008, at the
139:Denis Sassou Nguesso
790:Charles David Ganao
388:Bazenguissa-Ganga,
323:, 13 November 2009
240:Alzheimer's disease
92:David Charles Ganao
896:Jean-Blaise Kololo
807:Position abolished
782:Political offices
701:2011-10-02 at the
651:, August 11, 2007
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600:, 14 October 2005.
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125:against President
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224:in absentia
192:During the
131:Brazzaville
122:coup d'état
97:Congo River
80:Brazzaville
72:Pool Region
54:during the
48:Brazzaville
1234:Categories
858:Presidents
509:L'Humanité
355:|url=
273:2008-06-24
246:References
1018:Opangault
62:in 2007.
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