1964:
911:
534:
Hlophe denied
Nkabinde's account, saying that Nkabinde had agreed to meet with him and had welcomed him into her chambers. He denied having discussed the merits of the privilege issue with her, denied claiming links to the intelligence community, and said that Nkabinde had misunderstood his reference
318:
Between 1990 and 1999, she was a practising advocate in the North West, with a broad, generalist practice. During that period, she was also a member of the Black
Lawyers' Association, a member of the North West Parks Board from 1995 to 1999, secretary of the North West Bar Association from 1998 to
566:, and in 2016, on appeal, in the Supreme Court of Appeal; they attempted to appeal to their own court, the Constitutional Court, but were denied leave to do so. Nkabinde ultimately testified against Hlophe at a Judicial Conduct Tribunal in 2020, and Hlophe was impeached in 2024.
526:
himself, he allegedly asked
Nkabinde about her own Zulu surname (acquired by marriage) before telling her that "he had a mandate" to meet with her and also had connections with "national intelligence". He allegedly urged her to decide "properly" on the issue of
646:
399:; the only male candidate, High Court judge Essop Patel, withdrew before the interviews took place. The General Council of the Bar supported Nkabinde's nomination on the basis of her "wide judicial experience" and demographic profile. However, the opposition
531:, a key legal issue in the case and one on which Nkabinde had been assigned the task of writing a post-hearing note for the court. Nkabinde later summarised her impression of this encounter as a "sense... that he was attempting to influence me."
554:, abruptly launched a challenge against the jurisdiction of the tribunal that the Judicial Service Commission had established to investigate their own complaint. Although the judges claimed that they were simply seeking to uphold the
602:
wrote an open letter to Zuma, complaining that he had unfairly overlooked
Nkabinde, a qualified black woman candidate; in response, Zuma pointed out that Nkabinde's non-renewable term in the court would end only six months later.
1698:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
622:; she speculated that if the legislative and executive branches did more to promote the Constitution, the judiciary would "play a far significantly less central role than it is present required to do".
747:
470:
1086:
612:
Public
Servants Association obo Ubogu v Head of the Department of Health, Gauteng and Others, Head of the Department of Health, Gauteng and Another v Public Servants Association obo Ubogu
1753:
1221:
1860:
414:
President Mbeki appointed
Nkabinde to the position and she took office in January 2006. She was the first woman to gain appointment to the Constitutional Court since Justices
2088:
2320:
539:
had mandated him to chair the local organising committee of the
Commonwealth Conference on Judges and Magistrates. However, an acting justice in the Constitutional Court,
2305:
546:
Although
Nkabinde and Jafta had supported the Constitutional Court's initial complaint against Hlophe, they appeared to reverse themselves in 2013, when their lawyers,
1672:
543:, made similar allegations against Hlophe, and the full bench of the Constitutional Court laid a formal complaint with the Judicial Service Commission in June 2008.
1474:
1515:
1377:
431:
344:
755:
315:
the following year. According to
Nkabinde, she left the Bophuthatswana government because of the discriminatory treatment she and her colleagues received.
1853:
1778:
606:
Nkabinde retired from the judiciary in
December 2017 after a special ceremonial session on 7 December, at which she delivered her last judgment in the
2335:
657:
1109:
684:
On 21 October 2021, North-West University awarded Nkabinde an honorary doctorate "for her exceptional contribution to the legal profession and to
1646:
1593:
239:
in November 1999 and elevated her to the Constitutional Court in January 2006. She retired in December 2017 at the end of her 12-year term.
1846:
664:, appointed her to chair an independent panel tasked with evaluating whether there was prima facie evidence of incompetence or misconduct by
2350:
1350:
2345:
2315:
380:
1620:
407:
describing Nkabinde as "a relatively obscure judge from the remote reaches of North-West Province" with "no significant background in
447:
2310:
1441:
1033:
2325:
360:
2330:
1908:
1869:
1567:
957:
701:
579:
388:
209:
205:
41:
1298:
1246:
2300:
1272:
356:
256:
885:
2340:
400:
340:
213:
115:
514:. According to Nkabinde, while the Constitutional Court's judgment was reserved, she was visited at her chambers by
1754:"Mkhwebane turns to ConCourt to block inquiry into her fitness to hold office, lambasts 'the unfairness of it all'"
1385:
618:, pointing out that the separation was supposed to serve the pursuit of constitutional values shared by all three
1878:
1011:"The Constitutional Court gets anal about rape – gender neutrality and the principle of legality in Masiya v DPP"
806:
1726:
1897:
1408:
983:
595:
507:
312:
645:
Since her retirement from the judiciary, Nkabinde has served, inter alia, as the judge designated under the
2259:
832:
555:
495:
352:
1804:
475:
1832:
673:
483:
348:
236:
84:
299:
as a state law adviser, working in legislative drafting. After her graduation, she was admitted as an
2269:
2073:
858:
649:
to authorise the interception of private communications, as well as an acting judge of appeal in the
364:
300:
625:
Her seat on the Constitutional Court remained vacant for almost two years until, in 2019, President
650:
607:
563:
1963:
1324:
1191:
676:
in March 2021 that there was such evidence and that impeachment would be an appropriate remedy.
199:
2295:
2264:
777:
619:
268:
178:
1222:"ConCourt Justice Bess Nkabinde sticks to her guns as Hlophe gaslights everyone in his orbit"
327:
from 1998 to 1999. She was appointed as an acting judge for the first time in February 1999.
272:
182:
158:
912:"Women as a Sign of the New? Appointments to South Africa's Constitutional Court since 1994"
2290:
615:
590:
was appointed to replace Moseneke in June 2017; during that period, she also filled in for
276:
1427:"Nkabinde and Another v Judicial Service Commission and Others [2014] ZAGPJHC 217"
8:
2254:
220:
212:
from 23 May 2016 to 7 June 2017. She joined the bench in November 1999 as a judge of the
1161:
1135:
586:'s retirement from that position. She filled the position for over a year until Justice
1918:
1838:
1426:
939:
665:
408:
320:
154:
562:
slammed their "cowardice". Their challenge to the tribunal's legitimacy failed in the
2068:
2003:
1988:
943:
931:
559:
547:
451:
384:
252:
76:
1779:"Panel slams Mkhwebane in a report that sets parliament on long road to impeachment"
1461:
2043:
1978:
1923:
1502:
1101:
1072:
1057:
1010:
923:
697:
669:
583:
396:
2058:
2018:
1948:
1541:
626:
591:
528:
515:
442:
437:
415:
1087:"Causation in the Constitutional Court: Lee v Minister of Correctional Services"
598:
in November 2016. When Zondo's appointment was announced, opposition politician
2048:
2038:
2033:
1998:
1933:
1673:"RICA judge concerned about 'unceasing unlawful interception of communication'"
1157:
1136:"The impact of the Constitution on the common law of contract: Botha v Rich NO"
705:
685:
634:
551:
419:
392:
296:
228:
25:
927:
2284:
2028:
2013:
1983:
1943:
1938:
935:
661:
630:
599:
587:
1993:
1928:
1913:
1882:
502:
461:
308:
1105:
291:
In 1984, while still a law student, Nkabinde joined the government of the
2063:
2008:
1953:
1647:"ConCourt Bench: Ramaphosa appoints judges Zukisa Tshiqi, Stevan Majiedt"
540:
523:
519:
351:. During her six years in the High Court, she was an acting judge in the
336:
248:
232:
150:
64:
1594:"Zuma clarifies why Nkabinde was not nominated for deputy chief justice"
1516:"Bess Nkabinde adamant John Hlophe tried to influence her in Zuma cases"
2078:
2023:
1699:"Intelligence committee report shows lawmakers knew of SSA malfeasance"
1475:"JSC opposes application by Nkabinde and Jafta in Constitutional Court"
637:
to fill the dual vacancies left by Nkabinde and Moseneke's retirement.
614:. During her farewell address, Nkabinde reflected on the notion of the
575:
536:
511:
456:
264:
204:; born 15 May 1959) is a South African retired judge who served in the
173:
1902:
404:
376:
355:
for two terms, in 2000 and 2003 respectively; an acting judge in the
304:
292:
224:
208:
from January 2006 to December 2017. During that time, she was acting
1351:"Nkabinde and Jafta object to conduct committee investigating Hlope"
1727:"Justice Bess Nkabinde receives an honorary doctorate from the NWU"
324:
260:
1162:"Commercial Certainty and Constitutionalism: Are They Compatible?"
280:
363:
from June to November 2005. She was appointed as chairperson of
223:, Nkabinde entered legal practice as a state law adviser in the
696:
Nkabinde has four children. She is married to Bailey Mmono, an
235:
appointed her as a judge of the Bophuthatswana Division of the
1621:"Justice Bess Nkabinde hangs up ConCourt robes after 12 years"
1500:
Nkabinde and Another v Judicial Service Commission and Others
1459:
Nkabinde and Another v Judicial Service Commission and Others
535:
to his "mandate": he had apparently meant that Chief Justice
436:
Nkabinde's notable majority judgments include two related to
1542:"John Hlophe: South Africa's parliament impeaches top judge"
465:
422:, who had served in the court since its inception in 1995.
303:
in Bophuthatswana in 1988, and she subsequently served her
1378:"Nkabinde and Jafta: We are fighting for the Constitution"
359:
from October 2004 to May 2005; and an acting judge in the
231:
before she was admitted as an advocate in 1988. President
1868:
367:'s Rules Board in 2004, a position she held until 2013.
522:, whom she said tried to lobby her in Zuma's favour. A
330:
267:
in 1979. Thereafter she obtained a BProc degree at the
647:
Regulation of Interception of Communications Act, 2002
486:), also attracted severe criticism from commentators.
432:
List of Constitutional Court opinions of Bess Nkabinde
403:
preferred Hoexter for the position, with party leader
1568:"President Zuma appoints acting deputy chief justice"
1273:"Court mulls 'undue influence' claims against Hlophe"
958:"Muslim women to enjoy greater rights in marital law"
704:
who was formerly a legal adviser to Defence Minister
1247:"ANC boss accuses judges of conspiracy against Zuma"
807:"Constitutional Court Justice Bess Nkabinde retires"
2321:
People from Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
1442:"Hlophe 'misconduct': Jafta, Nkabinde stall matter"
2306:Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
1299:"Hlophe hearing: Tribunal is invalid, says lawyer"
506:, a politically sensitive case emanating from the
370:
339:appointed Nkabinde permanently as a judge of the
2282:
1133:
500:In 2008, Nkabinde was a member of the coram in
379:, Nkabinde was one of five candidates whom the
311:before gaining admission as an advocate of the
263:. She matriculated at Mariasdal High School in
1854:
1835:with the Judicial Service Commission (2005)
1134:Bhana, Deeksha; Meerkotter, Anmari (2015).
1008:
1861:
1847:
464:judgment which expanded the definition of
1406:
1015:South African Journal of Criminal Justice
2336:20th-century South African women lawyers
1070:Botha and Another v Rich N.O. and Others
886:"The great Constitutional Court mystery"
383:interviewed for possible appointment to
1751:
1055:Lee v Minister of Correctional Services
1034:"The Amazing, Vanishing Bill of Rights"
1031:
1009:Phelps, Kelly; Kazee, Sha'ista (2007).
984:"Top court rules on definition of rape"
909:
883:
569:
471:Lee v Minister of Correctional Services
195:Baaitse Elizabeth "Bess" Nkabinde-Mmono
2283:
1805:"Ngobeni to be SANDF's 'union buster'"
1697:Merten, Marianne (13 September 2021).
1696:
1670:
1644:
1407:Mackaiser, Eusebius (7 October 2013).
1375:
1156:
391:. The other candidates were academics
1842:
1721:
1719:
1618:
1439:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1084:
742:
740:
578:announced that Nkabinde would act as
489:
468:. Two other controversial judgments,
198:
97:November 1999 – January 2006
54:January 2006 – December 2017
1870:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1409:"Shame on those two Concourt judges"
801:
799:
752:Constitutional Court of South Africa
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
702:South African National Defence Force
580:Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa
389:Constitutional Court of South Africa
331:Bophuthatswana High Court: 1999–2006
247:Nkabinde was born on 15 May 1959 in
210:Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa
206:Constitutional Court of South Africa
2351:Judges of the North West High Court
1220:Thamm, Marianne (8 December 2020).
13:
1716:
1376:Hawker, Dianne (21 October 2013).
1210:
1179:
341:Bophuthatswana Provincial Division
214:Bophuthatswana Provincial Division
14:
2362:
2346:21st-century South African judges
2316:Constitutional court women judges
1826:
1752:Maughan, Karyn (7 January 2021).
1671:Gerber, Jan (13 September 2021).
1645:Gerber, Jan (11 September 2019).
1619:Khoza, Amanda (7 December 2017).
884:Myburgh, James (29 August 2008).
877:
796:
717:
395:, Glenda Fick, Cora Hoexter, and
286:
1962:
691:
670:Public Protector of South Africa
658:Speaker of the National Assembly
425:
2311:South African women in politics
1797:
1771:
1745:
1690:
1664:
1638:
1612:
1586:
1560:
1534:
1508:
1493:
1467:
1452:
1440:Tolsi, Niren (6 October 2014).
1433:
1419:
1400:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1291:
1265:
1239:
1150:
1127:
1078:
1063:
1048:
1025:
1002:
859:"'We support black candidates'"
371:Constitutional Court: 2006–2017
976:
950:
903:
851:
825:
770:
508:ongoing corruption prosecution
1:
2326:University of Zululand alumni
833:"'Court needs a woman judge'"
711:
640:
313:Supreme Court of South Africa
242:
2331:North-West University alumni
2260:Constitution of South Africa
496:John Hlophe gross misconduct
335:In November 1999, President
7:
1192:"Hlophe: The big questions"
1094:Constitutional Court Review
910:Johnson, Rachel E. (2014).
452:polygynous Muslim marriages
381:Judicial Service Commission
10:
2367:
2301:South African women judges
778:"Book of SA Women: Judges"
679:
574:On 23 May 2016, President
510:of presidential candidate
493:
429:
349:High Court of South Africa
319:1999, and a member of the
275:in 1986, and a diploma in
135:Baaitse Elizabeth Motsatsi
2341:21st-century women judges
2270:Judiciary of South Africa
2250:
2087:
2074:Johann van der Westhuizen
1971:
1960:
1889:
1876:
1166:South African Law Journal
1140:South African Law Journal
1038:South African Law Journal
928:10.1017/S1743923X14000439
460:, a highly controversial
188:
172:
164:
130:
125:
121:
111:
101:
90:
82:
70:
58:
47:
39:
35:
23:
1325:"Judges in a sticky fix"
672:. The panel reported to
651:Supreme Court of Namibia
564:South Gauteng High Court
1809:The Mail & Guardian
1783:The Mail & Guardian
1598:The Mail & Guardian
1572:The Mail & Guardian
1462:[2016] ZASCA 12
1355:The Mail & Guardian
1303:The Mail & Guardian
1277:The Mail & Guardian
1251:The Mail & Guardian
1196:The Mail & Guardian
988:The Mail & Guardian
962:The Mail & Guardian
782:The Mail & Guardian
748:"Justice Bess Nkabinde"
361:Supreme Court of Appeal
2265:Courts of South Africa
1503:[2016] ZACC 25
1073:[2014] ZACC 11
1058:[2012] ZACC 30
656:In November 2020, the
620:branches of government
387:'s vacant seat in the
375:On 17 October 2005 in
269:University of Zululand
179:University of Zululand
1731:North West University
1160:(17 September 2015).
1106:10.2989/CCR.2013.0005
1085:Fagan, Anton (2013).
1032:Woolman, Stu (2007).
916:Politics & Gender
273:North-West University
251:in what was then the
183:North-West University
159:Union of South Africa
1909:Deputy Chief Justice
758:on 26 September 2020
616:separation of powers
570:Deputy Chief Justice
448:intestate succession
277:industrial relations
219:Born in present-day
42:Constitutional Court
2255:Law of South Africa
1811:. 23 September 2009
1115:on 20 December 2016
401:Democratic Alliance
357:Labour Appeal Court
345:North West Division
271:in 1983, an LLB at
257:North West Province
221:North West Province
16:South African judge
2089:Lists of judgments
1919:Mbuyiseli Madlanga
1548:. 22 February 2024
1388:on 19 October 2022
813:. 28 February 2018
688:in South Africa".
666:Busisiwe Mkhwebane
582:following Justice
490:Hlophe controversy
446:, on the right of
409:constitutional law
321:Small Claims Court
2278:
2277:
2069:Thembile Skweyiya
2004:Richard Goldstone
1989:Arthur Chaskalson
1879:Constitution Hill
1733:. 21 October 2021
1522:. 8 December 2020
1357:. 21 October 2013
865:. 24 October 2005
839:. 17 October 2005
560:Eusebius McKaiser
548:Bantubonke Tokota
385:Arthur Chaskalson
259:). Her family is
255:(now part of the
253:Western Transvaal
192:
191:
77:Arthur Chaskalson
2358:
2044:Dikgang Moseneke
1979:Laurie Ackermann
1966:
1924:Nonkosi Mhlantla
1890:Current justices
1863:
1856:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1471:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1384:. Archived from
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1331:. 6 October 2013
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:. 1 October 2013
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1108:. Archived from
1091:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
954:
948:
947:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
829:
823:
822:
820:
818:
803:
794:
793:
791:
789:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
754:. Archived from
744:
698:adjutant general
584:Dikgang Moseneke
518:Judge President
397:Penelope Andrews
203:
148:
144:
142:
126:Personal details
104:
95:
73:
61:
52:
21:
20:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2246:
2083:
2019:Johann Kriegler
1972:Former justices
1967:
1958:
1949:Rammaka Mathopo
1885:
1872:
1867:
1829:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1457:
1453:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1158:Wallis, Malcolm
1155:
1151:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1049:
1030:
1026:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
982:
981:
977:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
908:
904:
894:
892:
882:
878:
868:
866:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
831:
830:
826:
816:
814:
805:
804:
797:
787:
785:
784:. 4 August 2009
776:
775:
771:
761:
759:
746:
745:
718:
714:
694:
682:
643:
627:Cyril Ramaphosa
592:Mogoeng Mogoeng
572:
498:
492:
443:Hassam v Jacobs
438:gender equality
434:
428:
373:
333:
289:
281:Damelin College
245:
181:
157:
149:
146:
140:
138:
137:
136:
102:
96:
91:
71:
59:
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1914:Mandisa Maya
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107:Thabo Mbeki
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1309:17 January
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641:Retirement
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594:as acting
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1833:Interview
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