1057:, living initially on Robinson Avenue and later on Bulwer Street. His father left home when he was about three or four years old, and they had only limited contact thereafter. His oldest brother Bob became the family's main breadwinner, while his mother worked as a laundress and his other siblings also found jobs. He was close to his sister Jean, who often babysat him. Snedden worked part-time from about the age of eight, helping his brothers on construction sites and selling and delivering newspapers. He began his schooling at Highgate Primary School, and later attended the
59:
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that abolition of
Section 127 was inappropriate unless Section 51(xxvi) was simultaneously amended to remove the words "other than the aboriginal race in any state". He was rebuffed, but he gained agreement when he made a similar submission to the Holt Cabinet in 1966. The referendum went ahead on 27 May 1967, and was resoundingly approved.
1159:, and later in Rome. He learnt to speak Italian, and travelled around the country conducting interviews with prospective migrants. In November 1953, Snedden was transferred to England. He stayed there for a year, and was then supposed to be moved on to Germany. However, he decided to return to Australia, and in January 1955 moved to
1496:
Fraser was furious and attempted to intimidate
Snedden into punishing Hawke for not withdrawing or take his "punishment". Snedden refused and was convinced that he would be replaced as Speaker but, once Fraser realised that he had no support in the Liberal Party to remove Snedden from office, he sent
1316:
affecting the status of
Aboriginals. On 7 April 1965, the Menzies Cabinet decided that it would seek to repeal Section 127 of the Constitution, which excluded indigenous people from the population count, but made no firm plans or timetable for such action. In August 1965, Snedden proposed to Cabinet
988:
mounted two leadership challenges in early 1975, winning on the second attempt; by the end of the year he was prime minister. Snedden was elected to the speakership when the parliament next sat. He held the position for almost seven years, gaining a reputation for impartiality. In retirement, Snedden
1504:
as
Speaker, Snedden resigned from Parliament on 21 April 1983. In doing so, he honoured a feature of his 1979 paper. He believed that if he stayed in Parliament, he might be called on for advice on his successor's rulings, which would be undesirable because it would undermine the Chair. He said, "I
1452:
As
Speaker, Snedden sought to enhance the role and assert its independence. He preferred the Speaker to be recognised as an impartial umpire like the Speaker of the House of Commons. In 1979, he published a paper outlining his proposals for adopting some of the Westminster conventions, namely that
1492:
him and a motion for his suspension was moved. Snedden later wrote: "It was his instigation which was making the
Parliament unworkable, not the Opposition's response, like the classroom situation where the smart little man hits the fellow next to him who retaliates and is seen by the teacher".
1456:
Snedden tried to strengthen the
Parliament's ability to withstand pressures from the Executive. He believed that it was contrary to Parliament's independence for the Executive to control the funds allocated to Parliament, so he authorised parliamentary officers to write a paper in 1976 entitled
1493:
Members of the
Opposition had by that point taken up "liar" as a chant, which put Snedden in the position where he would have to name every member, one by one. After realising that the House would be unworkable for that sitting day, he declined to put the motion for Hawke's suspension.
1112:(RAAF) in January 1945, two days after his 18th birthday. He began an air crew training scheme, but as the war came to an end he was taken off the course and given more general duties; this included a period tending bar at an officers' mess. He was discharged in September 1945.
1355:
As
Minister for Labour and National Service, Snedden commented on anti-war and anti-conscription activists' demonstrations. On the eve of the first Moratorium, he said in Parliament that the marchers were "political bikies pack-raping democracy". In 1971, Snedden was appointed
1453:
the
Speaker remain in office for five to seven years then resign and hold no further public office, that the Speaker be unopposed by the major political parties at general elections, and that the Speaker resign from his or her party upon becoming Speaker.
1040:
Snedden's father worked mostly as a stonemason, but also spent periods as a miner and general labourer when better work was not available. He reputedly left Scotland to escape a paternity suit, and had earlier been in trouble with the law for
1033:". His grandparents were illiterate, and his parents had only limited schooling; they were both from coal-mining families. They immigrated to Australia in 1912 with their three oldest children, initially settling in the remote mining town of
1267:
after 12 years of rule. However, with Snedden's win, the best Labor could hope for was a hung parliament, though the Coalition was not assured of another term in government until later in the night, with its narrow victory in
1461:. He later wrote, "You could not have a situation where the Executive decided the level at which Members could operate efficiently." This led to the introduction of the Appropriation (Parliamentary Departments) Bill in 1982.
1517:
When the Fraser government was defeated by Hawke in 1983, Snedden immediately resigned from Parliament. He separated from his wife, Lady Snedden, and was later to withdraw from public life as his health declined from
1068:, who was a solicitor and independent state MP. He would not normally have been considered qualified for the job, but there was a shortage of applicants due to the war. Snedden was eventually able to receive his
1578:
Snedden married Joy Forsyth, a dental nurse, on 10 March 1950. They were separated but not divorced at the time of his death. They had two sons and two daughters together. His daughter Fiona was elected to the
4235:
3432:
1022:. He was the youngest of six children born to Catherine (nÊe Mackie) and Alan Snedden. His mother was 43 years old when he was born, and his siblings, one sister and four brothers, were much older than him.
1119:, Snedden completed aptitude tests which showed he would be a suitable candidate for a university education. In combination with his earlier clerking experience, this allowed him to secure a place at the
3984:
1407:, at which he was returned to office, albeit with a reduced majority. Labor campaigned on the slogan "Oh no, not Snedden!". Snedden exposed himself to ridicule by refusing to concede defeat, saying at a
4210:
1476:, as a "liar" during question time. Fraser was answering a question about two joint royal commissions being conducted in Victoria at the time. Fraser allegedly selectively quoted a statement by the
1392:
on the fifth ballot. Snedden promised a new and more "liberal" Liberal Party, but he suffered from his continuing image as a light-weight, and many Liberals believed he would never defeat Whitlam.
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preferences. Snedden's narrow win was critical in the outcome of what was the closest election in Australian history up till that time. Had Labor won it, it would have toppled the
3977:
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1422:, becoming the first leader of the Liberal Party not to gain the prime ministership. He retired to the backbench until February 1976, when Fraser supported his election as
1192:, and from 1951 to 1952 served as the inaugural federal chairman of the organisation. As president of the UWA Liberal Club, he became acquainted with future prime minister
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1418:, challenged Snedden's leadership, but he was narrowly re-elected. When he failed to make any headway against Whitlam, Fraser mounted a second challenge, and Snedden
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In 1951, Snedden briefly returned to the Commonwealth Crown Solicitor's office. He resigned from the public service due to a pay cut, and began working for
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2421:
1352:. In 1967, following the death of Harold Holt, he was a candidate for the leadership of the Liberal Party, but his candidacy was not taken very seriously.
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1196:, who was president of the Labor Club. As a student, he made three unsuccessful attempts to enter politics, standing for the Liberal Party at the
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when he was 17, but his mother refused her permission; three of his brothers were already on active service. Snedden eventually enlisted in the
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1509:, when the Speaker leaves the chair he leaves the House. I think this is right." He formally resigned from Parliament later that day.
2534:
2191:
3594:
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He was the last Speaker of the House of Representatives to wear the formal regalia of full-bottomed wig and gown inherited from the
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1123:'s law school in 1946. Snedden failed two subjects in his first year, and was only able to continue when the law school dean
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1554:, Sydney, while having sex with an ex-girlfriend of his son Drew, identified only as "Wendy". Melbourne newspaper
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Snedden was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives on 17 February 1976, defeating the previous Speaker,
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by William McMahon, and was elected Liberal Deputy Leader, making him the heir apparent to the leadership.
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by a majority of 44 votes, and on 25 November 1980, again defeating Dr Jenkins by a majority of 22 votes.
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of his death in 1987, which involved the ex-girlfriend of his own son, attracted much public interest.
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1045:. The family name was originally "Snaddon" (or "Snadon"), but was changed upon arrival in Australia.
927:
1259:, Snedden faced Ewert again, and this time trailed in initial counting. However, he was elected on
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One of his most memorable actions as Speaker occurred in February 1982, when a Labor frontbencher,
1088:, at a time when the competition was age-restricted. He later represented Western Australia at the
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1969â1971, a difficult job which put him in charge of the government's highly unpopular policy of
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as a hearing aid salesman. In early 1952, he secured a position as a migration officer with the
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899:(31 December 1926 â 27 June 1987) was an Australian politician who served as the leader of the
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3361:
3351:
3341:
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1209:
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This article is about the Australian politician. For the Australian rugby league player, see
3804:
1076:. He fell out with Hughes late in 1943, and in January 1944 began working as a clerk at the
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8:
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2113:, House of Representatives, 18 February 1982, p. 321; Snedden and Schedvin, 1990, p. 222.
1771:
1269:
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1037:. The family moved to Perth in about 1921, after their house in Meekatharra burned down.
1438:, by a majority of 53 votes. He was re-elected on 21 February 1978, defeating Labor MP
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1411:: "We were not defeated. We did not win enough seats in order to form a government".
1396:
1233:
1232:, when he was elected to the House of Representatives for the outer suburban seat of
1213:
1085:
965:(1971â1972). He was elected deputy leader of the Liberal Party in 1971, and replaced
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1080:'s office. He was a talented sportsman as a youth, and played a few games for the
945:. He served as a government minister until the Liberal government's defeat at the
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Australia, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 21 April 1983, p. 17.
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to work in a legal advice bureau for ex-servicemen. He and his family settled in
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781:
577:
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20:
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Snedden allowed himself to be persuaded to use the conservative majority in the
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in 2004 after an unsuccessful candidature for the Liberal Party in the seat of
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Snedden left school in April 1942 and began working as a junior law clerk for
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1775:. Vol. 67, no. 20, 261. Western Australia. 27 June 1951. p. 11
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His sister was 21 years older and his youngest brother was eight years older.
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to block the Whitlam government's budget in 1974. Whitlam promptly called a
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1155:. He and his family moved to Italy for sixteen months, initially living in
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2612:
1546:'s election campaign launch, Snedden suffered a fatal heart attack at the
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from 1972 to 1975. He was also a cabinet minister from 1964 to 1972, and
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58:
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With the defeat of the Fraser government in 1983 and the election of Dr
1449:, believing that it would restore the dignity of the office of Speaker.
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at the age of 15, but were unsuccessful. He also attempted to join the
871:
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720:
1414:
After the election the conservative wing of the Liberal Party, led by
4236:
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
3568:
1534:
and also Patron of the Professional Boxing Association of Australia.
1465:
1368:
1225:
1193:
1160:
949:, under an additional four prime ministers. Snedden spent periods as
931:
1488:
and asked Hawke to withdraw the remark. When Hawke refused, Snedden
4074:
2759:
2468:
2441:
1280:
1156:
1042:
414:
1591:. She stood for re-election to council in 2008 but lost her seat.
969:
as leader after the following year's election loss, thus becoming
922:. From 1951 to 1952, he was the inaugural federal chairman of the
4211:
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
2901:
1942:"Snedden Acknowledges Whitlam Victory But Won't Concede He Lost"
1180:
1484:, which provoked Hawke to call Fraser a liar. Snedden followed
1014:
Snedden was born on 31 December 1926 at a private hospital in
4276:
Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
3834:
911:
4221:
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Bruce
2061:
Speaker of the House of Representatives, second edition: APH
2043:
Speaker of the House of Representatives, second edition: APH
1566:
reported that Snedden was wearing a condom and that "it was
1560:
headlined its report "Snedden died on the job", while the
1053:
Snedden grew up in Perth's inner north near the suburb of
2130:
2128:
1810:
1808:
930:, Snedden returned to Australia in 1954 and settled in
2125:
4301:
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
1805:
4231:
Speakers of the Australian House of Representatives
3994:
Speakers of the Australian House of Representatives
1995:, House of Representatives, 25 November 1980, p. 5.
1982:, House of Representatives, 21 February 1978, p. 7.
1969:, House of Representatives, 17 February 1976, p. 7.
1312:. In that capacity he played a significant role in
4226:Leaders of the Australian House of Representatives
4216:Members of the Australian House of Representatives
2363:Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
2091:, House of Representatives, 17 August 1982, p. 75.
1898:(27 May 1997). "Unsung hero of blacks' progress".
1095:
1388:as Liberal leader, winning by a single vote over
1248:. Snedden defeated Ewert by a similar margin in
918:during World War II, and then studied law at the
4172:
2190:. news.com.au. 23 September 2006. Archived from
2138:, House of Representatives, 21 April 1983, p. 4.
2535:Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia
1916:. Sydney Morning Herald. 8 May 1970. p. 1.
1862:Australian Prime Ministers Centre â Prime Facts
1651:
2890:
1127:intervened on his behalf. He graduated with a
1100:Snedden and two friends attempted to join the
1009:
3978:
3820:
2876:
2628:
2021:Billy Mackie Snedden and M. Bernie Schedvin,
1607:(KCMG) in January 1978. He was appointed a
1542:On 27 June 1987, just hours after attending
941:In 1964, Snedden was elevated to cabinet by
547:14 December 1966 â 12 November 1969
491:13 February 1967 â 13 February 1969
2642:
1530:from 1981 to 1986, later a Director of the
1363:
150:17 February 1976 â 4 February 1983
3985:
3971:
3827:
3813:
3503:Northern Territory (Country Liberal Party)
2883:
2869:
2635:
2621:
2249:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
2188:"Sir Billy and son 'shared mystery lover'"
2025:, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1990, p.219.
1783:– via National Library of Australia.
1135:with Harvey, Slattery, and Gibson. He was
984:retain government with a narrow majority.
926:. After a period working overseas for the
263:18 August 1971 â 20 December 1972
57:
4306:Military personnel from Western Australia
4266:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia
4251:Politicians from Perth, Western Australia
3837:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia
2037:, "Make the Speaker impartial: Snedden",
698:10 December 1955 â 21 April 1983
446:12 November 1969 â 10 March 1971
388:12 November 1969 â 22 March 1971
211:20 December 1972 â 21 March 1975
86:20 December 1972 â 21 March 1975
2562:Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia
2449:Minister for Labour and National Service
1367:
1342:Minister for Labour and National Service
1319:
1279:
1179:
959:Minister for Labour and National Service
609:4 March 1964 â 14 December 1966
376:Minister for Labour and National Service
334:22 March 1971 â 4 December 1972
3544:Australian Liberal Students' Federation
2241:"Snedden, Sir Billy Mackie (1926â1987)"
1894:
1849:
1847:
1429:
1219:
905:Speaker of the House of Representatives
138:Speaker of the House of Representatives
4246:University of Western Australia alumni
4173:
1752:
1750:
1731:
1729:
1447:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
1308:. In March 1964 Menzies appointed him
1142:
914:, Western Australia. He served in the
4296:Australian people of Scottish descent
4206:Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
3966:
3808:
2864:
2616:
2503:Leader of the Opposition of Australia
2158:"Achievements: Billy's bedtime story"
976:Snedden led the Liberal Party to the
2304:from the original on 26 October 2021
2238:
1928:"Govt. bid to bait Opposition fails"
1844:
1674:
1672:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1175:
1090:Australian Amateur Football Carnival
4271:20th-century Australian politicians
4191:Members of the Cabinet of Australia
3508:Queensland (Liberal National Party)
2232:
2164:. 25 September 2006. Archived from
2122:Snedden and Schedvin, 1990, p. 224.
2100:Snedden and Schedvin, 1990, p. 222.
2078:Snedden and Schevdin, 1990, p. 219.
1914:"Political bikies raping democracy"
1747:
1726:
1288:He served in the ministries of Sir
1188:Snedden was state president of the
1170:
13:
4256:Melbourne Football Club presidents
2246:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2041:(Melbourne), 12 October 1979, 12;
2023:Billy Snedden. An Unlikely Liberal
1855:"Sir Billy Mackie Snedden KCMG QC"
1654:Billy Snedden: An Unlikely Liberal
1505:am very conscious that, under the
1478:Victorian Leader of the Opposition
1314:the 1967 constitutional referendum
251:Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party
14:
4317:
2012:(Melbourne), 17 February 1976, 3.
1930:. The Age. 8 May 1970. p. 9.
1885:from Adam Carr's election archive
1883:1961 election results in Victoria
1669:
1640:
1605:Order of St Michael and St George
1376:When McMahon was defeated by the
16:Australian politician (1926â1987)
3673:Citizens' Municipal Organisation
1864:. Museum of Australian Democracy
1573:
4261:20th-century Australian lawyers
2290:
2206:
2180:
2150:
2141:
2116:
2103:
2094:
2081:
2072:
2054:
2028:
2015:
1998:
1985:
1972:
1959:
1934:
1920:
1906:
1888:
1876:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1796:
1787:
1759:
1738:
1228:, where he practised law until
1121:University of Western Australia
1096:Military service and university
1025:Snedden's parents were born in
920:University of Western Australia
854:University of Western Australia
811:
4201:Attorneys-general of Australia
2251:Australian National University
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1660:
1621:
1526:. Snedden was Chairman of the
1386:was elected as his replacement
1198:1948 Boulder state by-election
1:
2395:Attorney-General of Australia
2006:"(Formal) order in the House"
1634:
1512:
1072:by attending night school at
1029:, Scotland, and spoke "broad
1020:West Perth, Western Australia
1004:
938:the following year, aged 28.
3493:Australian Capital Territory
1078:Commonwealth Crown Solicitor
1061:through to the ninth grade.
1048:
7:
3537:Party-related organisations
2599:1981 – 1986
2566:1972 – 1975
2539:1971 – 1972
2507:1972 – 1975
2480:1971 – 1972
2453:1969 – 1971
2426:1966 – 1969
2399:1964 – 1966
2367:1976 – 1983
2340:1955 – 1983
1131:in 1950, and completed his
1010:Birth and family background
199:Leader of the Liberal Party
10:
4322:
4291:Australian public servants
2893:Liberal Party of Australia
1594:
1275:
1110:Royal Australian Air Force
989:served as chairman of the
916:Royal Australian Air Force
184:Party leadership positions
18:
4241:Australian King's Counsel
4000:
3844:
3681:
3625:
3582:
3536:
3481:
3410:
3274:
3218:
3114:
3023:
2900:
2650:
2601:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2568:
2559:
2551:
2541:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2500:
2492:
2482:
2473:
2465:
2455:
2446:
2438:
2428:
2419:
2411:
2401:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2342:
2333:
2328:
2321:
1532:Victorian Football League
1420:was deposed in March 1975
1224:In 1954 Snedden moved to
1153:Department of Immigration
995:Victorian Football League
928:Department of Immigration
877:
859:
847:
829:
821:
798:
788:
767:
739:
734:
730:
714:
702:
691:
676:
672:
668:
661:
657:
641:
629:
613:
602:
595:
583:
571:
551:
540:
533:
521:
509:
495:
484:
472:
460:
450:
439:
432:
420:
408:
392:
381:
374:
362:
350:
338:
327:
320:
316:
309:
305:
289:
277:
267:
256:
249:
237:
225:
215:
204:
197:
193:
189:
182:
178:
166:
154:
143:
136:
124:
112:
102:
90:
79:
72:
68:
56:
30:
4286:Australian Presbyterians
2520:Party political offices
2422:Minister for Immigration
2066:23 November 2011 at the
2048:23 November 2011 at the
1652:Bernie Schedvin (1990).
1614:
1599:Snedden was appointed a
1537:
1497:a conciliatory message.
1459:The Parliamentary Budget
1364:Leader of the Opposition
1338:Minister for Immigration
1082:West Perth Football Club
993:and on the board of the
971:Leader of the Opposition
955:Minister for Immigration
936:House of Representatives
934:. He was elected to the
884:Sir Billy Mackie Snedden
709:Constituency established
535:Minister for Immigration
74:Leader of the Opposition
4196:Treasurers of Australia
3574:Menzies Research Centre
2644:Treasurers of Australia
2595:Melbourne Football Club
2323:Parliament of Australia
1841:Schedvin (1951), p. 21.
1832:Schedvin (1990), p. 34.
1823:Schedvin (1990), p. 33.
1814:Schedvin (1990), p. 24.
1802:Schedvin (1990), p. 23.
1793:Schedvin (1990), p. 20.
1767:"State Amateur Players"
1756:Schedvin (1990), p. 19.
1744:Schedvin (1990), p. 18.
1735:Schedvin (1990), p. 17.
1723:Schedvin (1990), p. 12.
1714:Schedvin (1990), p. 11.
1656:. Macmillan. p. 5.
1528:Melbourne Football Club
1486:parliamentary procedure
1074:Perth Technical College
991:Melbourne Football Club
842:Perth Technical College
4281:Australian monarchists
3668:United Australia Party
2476:Treasurer of Australia
1946:AustralianPolitics.com
1705:Schedvin (1990), p. 9.
1696:Schedvin (1990), p. 7.
1687:Schedvin (1990), p. 6.
1678:Schedvin (1990), p. 4.
1666:Schedvin (1990), p. 3.
1581:Melbourne City Council
1507:Westminster convention
1373:
1333:
1285:
1261:Democratic Labor Party
1206:1951 federal elections
1185:
1092:in Melbourne in 1951.
1027:Alva, Clackmannanshire
924:Young Liberal Movement
322:Treasurer of Australia
2162:Sydney Morning Herald
2136:Parliamentary Debates
2111:Parliamentary Debates
2089:Parliamentary Debates
1993:Parliamentary Debates
1980:Parliamentary Debates
1967:Parliamentary Debates
1589:1998 federal election
1563:Sydney Morning Herald
1371:
1323:
1283:
1183:
1133:articles of clerkship
1106:Royal Australian Navy
999:unusual circumstances
978:1974 federal election
834:Highgate State School
680:Australian Parliament
3648:National Labor Party
3643:Fusion Liberal Party
1430:Speaker of the House
1424:Speaker of the House
1220:Member of Parliament
910:Snedden was born in
744:Billy Mackie Snedden
636:Sir Garfield Barwick
33:The Right Honourable
3682:Leadership contests
3633:Protectionist Party
3600:Independent Liberal
2579:Sporting positions
1772:The West Australian
1468:, referred to then
1143:Professional career
1070:leaving certificate
907:from 1976 to 1983.
434:Leader of the House
311:Ministerial offices
3554:Cormack Foundation
3175:Ashley Goldsworthy
3086:Michael Wooldridge
2380:Political offices
2239:Schedvin, Bernie.
1900:The Canberra Times
1401:double dissolution
1374:
1334:
1286:
1244:member for nearby
1186:
1139:in December 1951.
1059:Perth Boys' School
838:Perth Boys' School
620:Sir Robert Menzies
4168:
4167:
3960:
3959:
3802:
3801:
3653:Nationalist Party
3528:Western Australia
2858:
2857:
2611:
2610:
2602:Succeeded by
2569:Succeeded by
2542:Succeeded by
2510:Succeeded by
2483:Succeeded by
2456:Succeeded by
2429:Succeeded by
2402:Succeeded by
2370:Succeeded by
2343:Succeeded by
2260:978-0-522-84459-7
2168:on 11 August 2008
2004:Philip McCarthy,
1502:Harry Jenkins Sr.
1384:in 1972, Snedden
1216:, respectively).
1176:Early involvement
1149:Angus & Coote
1137:called to the bar
1086:1944 WANFL season
961:(1969â1971), and
881:
880:
864:Commercial lawyer
761:Western Australia
726:
725:
653:
652:
301:
300:
173:Harry Jenkins Sr.
37:Sir Billy Snedden
4313:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3838:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3663:Australian Party
3638:Free Trade Party
3559:Norfolk Liberals
3485:
3118:
3002:Malcolm Turnbull
2989:Malcolm Turnbull
2972:Alexander Downer
2904:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2593:Chairman of the
2584:Preceded by
2552:Preceded by
2525:Preceded by
2493:Preceded by
2466:Preceded by
2439:Preceded by
2412:Preceded by
2388:Garfield Barwick
2385:Preceded by
2373:Dr Harry Jenkins
2353:Preceded by
2336:Member for Bruce
2319:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2298:"It's an Honour"
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2194:on 15 April 2016
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2058:
2052:
2035:Michelle Grattan
2032:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1859:
1851:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1628:
1625:
1609:Privy Councillor
1601:Knight Commander
1440:Dr Harry Jenkins
1409:press conference
1372:Snedden in 1971.
1310:Attorney-General
1171:Political career
1157:Taormina, Sicily
1129:Bachelor of Laws
1016:Newcastle Street
980:, which saw the
951:Attorney-General
898:
893:
815:
813:
774:
754:31 December 1926
753:
751:
735:Personal details
717:
705:
696:
682:
659:
658:
644:
632:
616:
607:
597:Attorney-General
586:
574:
554:
545:
524:
512:
489:
475:
463:
444:
423:
411:
395:
386:
365:
353:
341:
332:
307:
306:
292:
280:
261:
240:
228:
209:
180:
179:
169:
157:
148:
127:
115:
93:
84:
61:
51:
46:
28:
27:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
3996:
3991:
3961:
3956:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3803:
3798:
3677:
3621:
3578:
3532:
3513:South Australia
3498:New South Wales
3484:State divisions
3483:
3477:
3411:Shadow cabinets
3406:
3270:
3214:
3126:Malcolm Ritchie
3116:
3110:
3101:Josh Frydenberg
3041:William McMahon
3019:
2934:William McMahon
2902:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2859:
2854:
2646:
2641:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2574:
2565:
2557:
2555:William McMahon
2547:
2538:
2530:
2515:
2506:
2498:
2488:
2479:
2471:
2461:
2452:
2444:
2434:
2425:
2417:
2415:Hubert Opperman
2407:
2398:
2390:
2375:
2366:
2358:
2348:
2339:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2261:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2068:Wayback Machine
2059:
2055:
2050:Wayback Machine
2033:
2029:
2020:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1597:
1585:Melbourne Ports
1576:
1552:Rushcutters Bay
1540:
1520:atherosclerosis
1515:
1432:
1366:
1340:1966â1969, and
1306:William McMahon
1284:Snedden in 1961
1278:
1236:. He defeated
1222:
1184:Snedden c. 1955
1178:
1173:
1145:
1115:As part of his
1098:
1051:
1012:
1007:
967:William McMahon
891:
887:
870:
866:
840:
836:
817:
814: 1950)
809:
805:
789:Political party
782:New South Wales
778:Rushcutters Bay
776:
772:
755:
749:
747:
746:
745:
715:
703:
697:
692:
683:
678:
664:
642:
630:
622:
614:
608:
603:
584:
578:Hubert Opperman
572:
564:
560:
552:
546:
541:
522:
516:David Fairbairn
510:
502:
490:
485:
479:Reginald Swartz
473:
461:
445:
440:
421:
409:
403:William McMahon
401:
393:
387:
382:
363:
351:
345:William McMahon
339:
333:
328:
312:
290:
278:
272:William McMahon
262:
257:
238:
232:William McMahon
226:
210:
205:
185:
167:
155:
149:
144:
125:
113:
91:
85:
80:
64:
63:Snedden in 1973
52:
44:
40:
38:
35:
24:
21:William Sneddon
17:
12:
11:
5:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3879:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3605:National Right
3602:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Young Liberals
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3200:Richard Alston
3197:
3195:Alan Stockdale
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3150:Robert Southey
3147:
3144:
3142:Philip McBride
3139:
3136:
3135:W. H. Anderson
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Peter Costello
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Andrew Peacock
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3024:Deputy Leaders
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3009:Scott Morrison
3005:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2984:Brendan Nelson
2981:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Andrew Peacock
2959:
2954:
2952:Andrew Peacock
2949:
2946:Malcolm Fraser
2942:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2913:Robert Menzies
2908:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2608:
2605:Stuart Spencer
2603:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:Malcolm Fraser
2570:
2567:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2513:Malcolm Fraser
2511:
2508:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2359:
2356:Gordon Scholes
2354:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2289:
2259:
2231:
2220:. 30 June 2007
2218:The Australian
2214:"Time Capsule"
2205:
2179:
2149:
2140:
2124:
2115:
2102:
2093:
2080:
2071:
2053:
2027:
2014:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1933:
1919:
1905:
1896:Juddery, Bruce
1887:
1875:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1758:
1746:
1737:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1668:
1659:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1596:
1593:
1575:
1572:
1539:
1536:
1514:
1511:
1474:Malcolm Fraser
1470:Prime Minister
1436:Gordon Scholes
1431:
1428:
1416:Malcolm Fraser
1365:
1362:
1290:Robert Menzies
1277:
1274:
1221:
1218:
1190:Young Liberals
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1144:
1141:
1117:demobilisation
1097:
1094:
1050:
1047:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
986:Malcolm Fraser
943:Robert Menzies
879:
878:
875:
874:
868:Public servant
861:
857:
856:
851:
845:
844:
831:
827:
826:
823:
819:
818:
807:
803:
802:
800:
796:
795:
790:
786:
785:
775:(aged 60)
769:
765:
764:
743:
741:
737:
736:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
718:
712:
711:
706:
700:
699:
689:
688:
677:Member of the
674:
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128:
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3658:Liberal Union
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3190:Chris McDiven
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3131:Richard Casey
3129:
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3056:Phillip Lynch
3054:
3052:
3051:Billy Snedden
3049:
3047:
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3034:
3032:
3031:Eric Harrison
3029:
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3006:
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2545:Phillip Lynch
2537:
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2529:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2496:Gough Whitlam
2491:
2487:
2486:Gough Whitlam
2478:
2477:
2470:
2464:
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2459:Phillip Lynch
2451:
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2432:Phillip Lynch
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2036:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
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1574:Personal life
1571:
1569:
1565:
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1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1535:
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1529:
1525:
1524:heart disease
1521:
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1403:election for
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:Gough Whitlam
1379:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
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1339:
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1327:
1324:Snedden with
1322:
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1239:
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1199:
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1182:
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1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:Frank Beasley
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:merchant navy
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
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1071:
1067:
1066:Thomas Hughes
1062:
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1017:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:(1966â1969),
956:
953:(1964â1966),
952:
948:
947:1972 election
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
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902:
901:Liberal Party
897:
890:
885:
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839:
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649:
646:
640:
637:
634:
628:
625:
621:
618:
612:
606:
601:
598:
594:
591:
590:Phillip Lynch
588:
582:
579:
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570:
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563:
559:
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550:
544:
539:
536:
532:
529:
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449:
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427:Phillip Lynch
425:
419:
416:
413:
407:
404:
400:
397:
391:
385:
380:
377:
373:
370:
369:Gough Whitlam
367:
361:
358:
355:
349:
346:
343:
337:
331:
326:
323:
319:
315:
308:
304:
297:
296:Phillip Lynch
294:
288:
285:
282:
276:
273:
270:
266:
260:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
236:
233:
230:
224:
221:
220:Phillip Lynch
218:
214:
208:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
181:
177:
174:
171:
165:
162:
159:
153:
147:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
123:
120:
119:Gough Whitlam
117:
111:
108:
107:Phillip Lynch
105:
101:
98:
97:Gough Whitlam
95:
89:
83:
78:
75:
71:
67:
60:
55:
50:
43:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4084:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3913:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3610:Ginger Group
3595:Centre Right
3205:Nick Greiner
3170:John Elliott
3160:A. J. Forbes
3096:Julie Bishop
3050:
3015:Peter Dutton
3007:
3000:
2993:
2976:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2764:
2592:
2560:
2533:
2501:
2474:
2447:
2420:
2393:
2361:
2334:
2330:New division
2329:
2306:. Retrieved
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2244:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2192:the original
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2166:the original
2161:
2152:
2143:
2135:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2056:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1922:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1861:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1798:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1770:
1761:
1740:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1662:
1653:
1623:
1598:
1577:
1562:
1556:
1541:
1516:
1499:
1495:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1433:
1413:
1394:
1375:
1354:
1346:conscription
1335:
1330:Doug Anthony
1287:
1254:
1223:
1187:
1146:
1114:
1099:
1063:
1052:
1039:
1024:
1013:
975:
940:
909:
883:
882:
773:(1987-06-27)
771:27 June 1987
716:Succeeded by
708:
693:
663:Constituency
643:Succeeded by
604:
585:Succeeded by
542:
528:Dudley Erwin
523:Succeeded by
486:
474:Succeeded by
467:Dudley Erwin
441:
422:Succeeded by
383:
364:Succeeded by
329:
291:Succeeded by
258:
239:Succeeded by
206:
168:Succeeded by
145:
126:Succeeded by
81:
25:
4186:1987 deaths
4181:1926 births
4130:Jenkins Jr.
4090:Jenkins Sr.
3616:Lyons Forum
3219:Governments
3185:Shane Stone
3180:Tony Staley
3165:John Valder
3155:John Atwill
3146:J. E. Pagan
3081:Peter Reith
3076:Fred Chaney
3061:John Howard
3046:John Gorton
3036:Harold Holt
2995:Tony Abbott
2978:John Howard
2967:John Hewson
2957:John Howard
2927:John Gorton
2920:Harold Holt
2528:John Gorton
2405:Nigel Bowen
2308:11 December
2134:Australia,
2109:Australia,
2087:Australia,
1991:Australia,
1978:Australia,
1965:Australia,
1544:John Howard
1390:Nigel Bowen
1378:Labor Party
1350:Vietnam War
1302:John Gorton
1298:John McEwen
1294:Harold Holt
1238:Keith Ewert
1200:and at the
1084:during the
1035:Meekatharra
982:Labor Party
804:Joy Forsyth
784:, Australia
763:, Australia
704:Preceded by
648:Nigel Bowen
631:Preceded by
624:Harold Holt
573:Preceded by
566:John Gorton
562:John McEwen
558:Harold Holt
511:Preceded by
504:John Gorton
500:Harold Holt
462:Preceded by
455:John Gorton
410:Preceded by
399:John Gorton
357:Leslie Bury
352:Preceded by
284:John Gorton
279:Preceded by
227:Preceded by
156:Preceded by
114:Preceded by
4175:Categories
3784:2015 (Sep)
3779:2015 (Feb)
3438:Peacock II
3397:Morrison 1
3387:Turnbull 1
3275:Ministries
3210:John Olsen
3138:Lyle Moore
3117:Presidents
3106:Sussan Ley
3066:Neil Brown
2845:Frydenberg
2587:Wayne Reid
2346:Ken Aldred
1635:References
1548:Travelodge
1513:Later life
1326:Jim Forbes
1005:Early life
872:Politician
860:Occupation
849:Alma mater
757:West Perth
750:1926-12-31
721:Ken Aldred
4110:Halverson
4100:L. McLeay
4065:J. McLeay
3618:(defunct)
3612:(defunct)
3590:Moderates
3569:Young LNP
3549:Coalition
3453:Howard II
3428:Peacock I
3282:Menzies 4
2269:1833-7538
1868:31 August
1611:in 1972.
1557:The Truth
1550:motel in
1482:John Cain
1466:Bob Hawke
1358:Treasurer
1265:Coalition
1226:Melbourne
1210:Fremantle
1194:Bob Hawke
1161:Melbourne
1049:Childhood
963:Treasurer
932:Melbourne
830:Education
694:In office
605:In office
543:In office
487:In office
442:In office
384:In office
330:In office
259:In office
207:In office
146:In office
82:In office
4115:Sinclair
4055:Rosevear
4015:McDonald
3946:Morrison
3939:Turnbull
3926:Turnbull
3583:Factions
3523:Victoria
3518:Tasmania
3463:Turnbull
3433:Howard I
3362:Howard 1
3342:Fraser 1
3327:Gorton 1
3266:Morrison
3261:Turnbull
2850:Chalmers
2840:Morrison
2820:Costello
2710:Theodore
2469:Les Bury
2442:Les Bury
2302:Archived
2277:70677943
2064:Archived
2046:Archived
1951:21 March
1348:for the
1246:Flinders
1165:Ringwood
1055:Highgate
1043:poaching
822:Children
415:Les Bury
4155:Wallace
4135:Slipper
4085:Snedden
4080:Scholes
4060:Cameron
4020:Johnson
3899:Peacock
3889:Peacock
3877:Snedden
3871:McMahon
3850:Menzies
3626:History
3418:Snedden
3337:McMahon
3241:McMahon
3226:Menzies
2903:Leaders
2815:Dawkins
2800:Keating
2770:Whitlam
2765:Snedden
2755:McMahon
2745:Chifley
2735:Spender
2730:Menzies
2715:Scullin
2685:Poynton
2665:Forrest
2039:The Age
2010:The Age
1779:13 July
1603:of the
1595:Honours
1587:in the
1336:He was
1332:in 1963
1276:Cabinet
1270:Moreton
816:
808:
793:Liberal
4145:Bishop
4125:Hawker
4120:Andrew
4105:Martin
4040:Mackay
4010:Salmon
4005:Holder
3952:Dutton
3932:Abbott
3921:Nelson
3915:Howard
3909:Downer
3904:Hewson
3894:Howard
3883:Fraser
3864:Gorton
3473:Dutton
3468:Abbott
3458:Nelson
3448:Downer
3443:Hewson
3423:Fraser
3382:Abbott
3317:Holt 1
3256:Abbott
3251:Howard
3246:Fraser
3236:Gorton
2835:Hockey
2810:Willis
2795:Howard
2785:Hayden
2780:Cairns
2740:Fadden
2675:Fisher
2660:Watson
2655:Turner
2282:10 May
2275:
2267:
2257:
2224:10 May
2198:10 May
2172:10 May
1568:loaded
1405:18 May
1397:Senate
1380:under
997:. The
799:Spouse
496:Leader
451:Leader
268:Leader
216:Deputy
103:Deputy
4150:Smith
4140:Burke
4095:Child
4070:Aston
4050:Nairn
4035:Makin
4030:Groom
2830:Bowen
2805:Kerin
2790:Lynch
2775:Crean
2725:Casey
2720:Lyons
2700:Bruce
2680:Higgs
1858:(PDF)
1615:Notes
1538:Death
1490:named
1242:Labor
1234:Bruce
1214:Perth
1031:Scots
912:Perth
894:
892:,
810:(
806:
686:Bruce
47:
45:,
4160:Dick
4075:Cope
4045:Bell
4025:Watt
3857:Holt
3794:2022
3789:2018
3774:2009
3769:2008
3764:2007
3759:1995
3754:1994
3749:1993
3744:1990
3739:1989
3734:1987
3729:1985
3724:1983
3719:1982
3714:1975
3709:1972
3704:1971
3699:1969
3694:1968
3689:1966
3231:Holt
2825:Swan
2760:Bury
2750:Holt
2705:Page
2695:Cook
2690:Watt
2670:Lyne
2310:2009
2284:2016
2273:OCLC
2265:ISSN
2255:ISBN
2226:2016
2200:2016
2174:2016
1953:2021
1870:2011
1781:2016
1522:and
1328:and
1304:and
1257:1961
1250:1958
1230:1955
1212:and
1208:(in
1204:and
1202:1949
889:KCMG
768:Died
740:Born
684:for
42:KCMG
1570:".
1255:In
4177::
3312:10
2300:.
2271:.
2263:.
2253:.
2243:.
2216:.
2160:.
2127:^
2008:,
1944:.
1860:.
1846:^
1807:^
1769:.
1749:^
1728:^
1671:^
1642:^
1480:,
1472:,
1426:.
1300:,
1296:,
1292:,
1272:.
1252:.
1167:.
1018:,
973:.
896:QC
886:,
812:m.
780:,
759:,
49:QC
3986:e
3979:t
3972:v
3828:e
3821:t
3814:v
3402:2
3392:2
3377:4
3372:3
3367:2
3357:4
3352:3
3347:2
3332:2
3322:2
3307:9
3302:8
3297:7
3292:6
3287:5
2884:e
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2636:e
2629:t
2622:v
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2286:.
2228:.
2202:.
2176:.
1955:.
1902:.
1872:.
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