722:. He revitalized contributions aimed towards saving and replenishing the species once again. He and his team embanked the sides of the temple pond and made adjustments to simulate a natural river system and create an ecosystem more conducive to the turtle's natural habitat. Thereafter, they observed a positive egg ratio produced around the temple premises. The State Zoo of Assam is playing an important role in this conservation project, serving as the location where baby turtles are reared for six months. When deemed fit and healthy, and capable of surviving, the young turtles are released into the wild. As of 2016, the State Zoo of Assam has released 300 turtles. Now 16 temples in Assam are helping in this important project. Similar conservation efforts have been undertaken in Tripura in Tripura sundari temple, matabari, udaipur, tripura, to protect the indigenous populations of Bostami turtles.
545:
a very distinct nose and face, with a tube like structure protruding from its nose resembling and functioning similar to a snorkel. The ligaments of this turtle are also much more distinct than those of the normal sea turtle or land tortoise, being that they have hand-like structures that are webbed, as opposed to other turtles like sea turtles who have a wider arm. The softshell of the turtle does not protrude out from the body very far, and typically appears somewhat rigid with very little color and design. The skin of the black softshell turtle is often black or dark brown, but can often appear with white to yellow spots that appear across the head and ligaments of the turtle.
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615:
103:
695:
lack of suitable nesting space resulted in eggs being deposited in areas where there was little chance of hatching. The goal of the project is to eventually rear and release juveniles from these captive colonies to supplement depleted wild populations. As part of that initiative, the TSA India team camped at the
Nagshankar temple in April to observe nesting in the 40-45 adult females at that location. At that time, the team transferred ten nests to a hatchery and protected four nests onsite.
673:
581:
61:
42:
313:
572:
the people, since this species no longer has a need for hunting. This had made it hard to determine the natural diet of the species. However, with the ability to consume the foods provided by the people, their diet is commonly compared to that of other species within the same genus. These organisms are on the omnivore scale of the food consumption, consisting of plants and small animals like fish and worms.
710:
from 2006 to 2012. The population size had shown a gradual increase over time, indicating that the calculated area per turtle had decreased in accordance. He indicated that without an increase in habitat size, the carrying capacity of the species will be reached quicker. This can decrease the overall
553:
The average
Bostami turtle adult size can range from widths of 15 inches to 31 inches, and corresponding lengths of 13 inches to 28 inches. The average area of the species can range from 195 inches squared on the low end and 868 inches squared on the larger end. However, the highest recorded size for
411:
in 2002, these turtles were found still to exist in a temple's pond called the
Hayagriva Madhava Temple located in Assam, and in Kalyan Sagar lake in Tripura Sundari Temple in Udaipur, Tripura, India. Through conservation methods and protection of the species, some of these turtles can be found today
591:
are oviparous organisms, in which they reproduce by laying their young as eggs to be hatched. Softshell turtles are known to mature slowly with the males prepared to breed in their fourth year. The female population could take up to seven to nine years to mature. A group of eggs is known as a clutch
544:
The black softshell turtle has an observably different appearance compared to that of a common turtle. This turtle, similar to all other softshell turtles, has a semi-flexible shell that is leathery, and does not obstruct movement as much as the average hardshell. The black softshell turtle also has
571:
With the species existing in very limited areas with high human traffic, these turtles have become dependent upon visitors for feeding. Visitors tend to feed a mixture of grains, fruits, and various meat products. These interactions with direct feeding have created a dependence for these turtles on
685:
for food had been poisoned, making nutrition unsustainable for the turtles. This same poisoning also changed the oxygen levels in the water, making it unsustainable for the turtles. A waiting period had passed to ensure oxygen levels were rich in the water, indicating a sustainable environment, in
680:
Human intervention has also caused a push towards extinction with intentional methods of poisoning. In 2006 there was a mass poisoning of the turtles within the
Bostami Shrine pond by poachers in the area. This event occurred within the research period, as the turtles were under heavy observations
702:
facility at
Nagshankar temple to accommodate the turtle's hatchlings of 2016. Neonates and juveniles cannot be released back into the temple pond due to predation by larger turtles and exotic fish. For this reason, the team acquired an earthen pond in the nearest village to provide space for the
694:
Since 2013, TSA India has worked diligently to improve conditions at selected temple ponds in Assam where these turtles were discovered. Many of the ponds were eutrophic and overcrowded and often, turtles were fed human food as religious offerings. The turtles showed signs of poor nutrition and a
562:
The highest recorded age for the
Bostami turtle has been determined by those living in the area directly, with claims that the oldest turtles present are approximately 150 years old. However, this species has a high mortality rate at the beginning stages of life, with 94% of eggs without hatching
605:
Hibernation takes place during the late autumn season until the spring for softshell turtles. They bury themselves at the bottom of a river/lake in the mud. Food is not as essential as oxygen during this period. Oxygen is needed at a reduced rate than normal and the turtles practice a technique
592:
and a female black soft shelled turtle can lay anywhere between 10 and 38 eggs in her clutch. The baby turtles will grow in their eggs for 92–108 days before hatching. Recently the hatching rate for this specific species has been decreasing due to these species being endangered.
463:
in the pond water was 2.01 mg/L, whereas the favorable level is 5 mg/L. In 2012, wildlife biologists of the Center for
Advanced Research in Natural Resources and Management found a small population in the wild of Sylhet. Two tiny wild populations were discovered in
412:
throughout the wild, and scientists and environmental biologists are continuing to work hard to preserve this endangered species and their natural habitat. Their mitogenome represents relatedness to 19 other species of the
Testudines. When looking at the phylogenetic tree,
660:
Human captivity of black softshell turtles for religious contexts seems to both benefit and harm turtle populations. Shrines keep these turtles in areas protected from outside predators, but these ponds are not suitable for sustained repopulation efforts. In
554:
these turtles is a length of 35 inches. The weight for the average female is around 120 pounds, while the weight of the males has not yet been recorded. However, these males are visually larger indicating strong chances of a larger corresponding weight.
606:
called “pharyngeal breathing”. This means that they pump water in and out of their throat (pharynx) that contain microvillus projections of small blood vessels. This structure provides them with greater surface area to absorb more oxygen.
630:. In 2004, 408 turtles were found in the pond of the Bayazid Bostami shrine. According to the shrine committee staff, 90 more turtles were hatched in the pond in 2007, 74 in 2008, 96 in 2009, 28 in 2010, 45 in 2012 and 40 in 2014.
648:
This extinction has been caused by human intervention, specifically the migration of people into the habitat and the contamination of water and land following this movement. The land of
Bangladesh that
4584:
399:), but while it is a close relative of the latter, it is a distinct species. In the 1800s it was believed these turtles were brought from Iran to Chittagong shrine pond by
1918:
1822:
1926:
1910:
1337:
915:
669:. Worshipers come and feed the turtles in the ponds human foods such as biscuits. Such dietary items are harmful to the turtles, often leading to malnourishment.
2020:
1854:
1870:
1674:
1886:
1862:
1690:
1666:
4697:
274:
1698:
1658:
1878:
1682:
933:
Kundu, Shantanu; Kumar, Vikas; Tyagi, Kaomud; Chakraborty, Rajasree; Singha, Devkant; Rahaman, Iftikar; Pakrashi, Avas; Chandra, Kailash (2018-11-26).
634:
287:
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and were protected from this event, while this not being the first time this method had been used. In this case many of the fish utilized by the
300:
623:
408:
4540:
3123:
3034:
3042:
2796:
2071:
446:
at
Chittagong, where they are dependent on humans for survival. To the locals and worshipers, the black softshell turtle is known as
645:. DNA from the specimen sent to Bangladesh was tested and ultimately confirmed that it was a member of the black softshell species.
4643:
4488:
4669:
4514:
935:"Complete mitochondrial genome of Black Soft-shell Turtle (Nilssonia nigricans) and comparative analysis with other Trionychidae"
1724:
1487:
1374:
1729:
1352:
1201:
512:
4674:
4519:
4376:
Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
2185:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
563:
capabilities. With an average clutch size of 20, this would allow for the survival of about one egg per two mating turtles.
2216:
1719:
4717:
1444:
653:
have been able to occupy currently had been tested for conditions of survival and mating. The survival rate of juvenile
476:. Also, another temple population of these turtles was identified in the Kasopukhuri pond on Nilachal Hill, next to the
4374:
2184:
1150:
2106:
2066:
4545:
1338:"Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status"
1226:
1202:"Pharyngeal Breathing in Softshell Turtles | Center for Environmental Communication | Loyola University New Orleans"
403:. His turtles he had brought to this pond were treated as sacred and respected by the public. Previously declared
4707:
2101:
1992:
459:
In a 2014 survey by Poribesh Banchao Andolon, a Bangladeshi private organization it was found that the amount of
388:
1075:
4249:
3332:
2136:
2041:
1013:
4454:
4440:
715:
516:
65:
1336:
Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (2011-12-31).
4226:
2061:
24:
1335:
1307:
4702:
4467:
4462:
4385:
2908:
2292:
1997:
1957:
1774:
1018:
4712:
2641:
2131:
1480:
102:
1982:
1369:
443:
224:
2274:
1124:
3287:
2209:
2156:
2111:
2091:
1947:
1799:
1779:
1754:
1625:
1590:
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is relatively low due to a low mortality of egg hatching and juvenile survival following hatching.
20:
4143:
1987:
1952:
1749:
1630:
766:
469:
376:
813:
442:
ever reliably known consists of a number of the species in a man-made pond which is part of the
4661:
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4115:
2915:
2873:
2513:
2096:
1635:
489:
2859:
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1473:
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501:
207:
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4101:
2767:
2391:
1830:
1096:
946:
520:
4532:
1403:
Praschag P, Hundsdörfer AK, Reza AHMA. Fritz, U (2007). "Genetic evidence for wild-living
8:
4086:
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2202:
2171:
627:
50:
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fast-growing juveniles, improving survival prospects for this extremely rare softshell.
456:
inhabitant"); specimens from this shrine were used in the first scientific description.
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3325:
3064:
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1968:
975:
934:
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233:
184:
97:
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3019:
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2845:
2422:
1430:
1413:
1281:
980:
962:
838:
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growth of the species and not allow it to grow past the current conservation status.
698:
With TSA's efforts 44 turtles have hatched so far. The team is currently expanding a
473:
460:
453:
435:
422:
1407:
and a molecular phylogeny of South Asian softshell turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae:
1056:
850:
4579:
4480:
3828:
3216:
3191:
3152:
3100:
2831:
2376:
1426:
970:
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828:
761:
743:
493:
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261:
4624:
4553:
4276:
3924:
3653:
3621:
3258:
3167:
2943:
2529:
1710:
1308:"Who's Protecting Who? The rediscovery of the Black Softshell turtle in the wild"
477:
400:
368:
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257:
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70:
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984:
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2807:
2725:
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2649:
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2506:
2498:
2415:
2407:
2354:
2344:
2009:
1740:
833:
672:
580:
524:
339:
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1450:
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4203:
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3182:
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2781:
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2430:
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2324:
2082:
2052:
1811:
1765:
1539:
1533:
439:
404:
364:
360:
164:
1465:
718:
found a grouping of black softshell turtles in a temple pond in Hajo,
4506:
4335:
4195:
4179:
4108:
4072:
4022:
4015:
3940:
3916:
3860:
3804:
3511:
3303:
3251:
3209:
2922:
2880:
2788:
2774:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2711:
2556:
2384:
1843:
1647:
114:
4396:
1389:
Praschag P, Gemel R (2002). "Identity of the black softshell turtle
665:, the black softshell turtle represents an incarnation of the deity
4618:
4419:
4150:
4079:
3999:
3988:
3884:
3549:
3426:
3318:
3160:
3145:
3107:
3056:
2982:
2887:
2866:
2852:
2838:
2694:
2621:
2490:
2469:
2461:
2243:
1938:
1515:
1227:"Turtle species thought extinct in the wild discovered in Nagaland"
662:
642:
505:
481:
134:
41:
472:
and in the Jia Bhoroli River which is a northern tributary of the
4294:
4043:
3948:
3844:
3788:
3368:
3361:
3243:
3093:
3079:
2936:
2901:
2816:
2718:
2258:
2249:
2147:
2122:
1790:
1616:
1527:
1521:
1250:
1038:
Asmat (2002), Praschag & Gemel (2002), Praschag et al. (2007)
497:
488:. Another temple population is found in the kalyan sagar lake of
356:
344:
312:
144:
1372:(1875). "Description of some new Asiatic Mammals and Chelonia".
741:
4449:
4029:
3672:
2264:
2237:
2225:
1509:
372:
154:
124:
737:
735:
4592:
3236:
2303:
2194:
1581:
1251:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Black Softshell Turtle"
719:
666:
633:
In 2017, a singular wild turtle was found in the wetlands of
528:
485:
465:
352:
348:
335:
87:
81:
2732:
916:"Indian temple helps nurture 'extinct' turtle back to life"
732:
932:
1556:
706:
In 2018, Das et al. had collected population sizes of
1312:
Lost & Found - Positive Conservation Storytelling
811:
609:
1393:(Anderson 1875) with remarks on related species".
875:
873:
867:". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
23:. For the black softshell turtle from Mexico, see
1282:"Conservation Status of Black Soft Shell Turtle (
4689:
870:
557:
624:International Union for Conservation of Nature
500:. These turtles are also found in the pond in
409:International Union for Conservation of Nature
4373:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2611:
2210:
2183:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
1481:
742:Praschag, P.; Ahmed, M.F.; Singh, S. (2021).
676:A Bostami turtle being fed by human visitors.
1011:
767:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2173A2778172.en
4698:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1014:"Rare Bostami Turtles of Ctg city in peril"
714:In 2011, Dr. Jayaditya from the Help Earth
316:The side profile of an adult Bostami turtle
3416:
2343:
2282:
2217:
2203:
2072:Northern New Guinea giant softshell turtle
1488:
1474:
1218:
686:turn allowing the release of the species.
59:
40:
19:For the black rayed softshell turtle, see
1122:
1057:"Black Softshell Turtle (Bostami Turtle)"
974:
832:
805:
765:
584:Visitors feeding the turtles in the pond.
671:
618:The Bayazid Bostami shrine with its pond
613:
579:
311:
1495:
1129:) No Longer Endemic Only to Bangladesh"
997:Anderson (1875), Praschag et al. (2007)
689:
4690:
1725:Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle
1375:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
913:
814:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World"
371:). It was long believed to consist of
4401:
4400:
2291:
2198:
1730:Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle
1469:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1172:
1170:
1118:
1116:
1091:
1089:
1073:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1720:Asian narrow-headed softshell turtle
1224:
909:
907:
1279:
1255:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1178:"How Do Softshell Turtles Survive?"
753:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1363:
1268:
1167:
1113:
1086:
1041:
1000:
548:
14:
4729:
2107:Northern Chinese softshell turtle
2067:New Guinea giant softshell turtle
1438:
1386:, new species, pp. 284–285).
904:
610:Near-extinction in the wilderness
1570:
1431:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00282.x
1151:"Species | The Reptile Database"
894:"'Bostami turtle' found in wild"
101:
4319:
3739:
2102:Lesser Chinese softshell turtle
1993:Indian peacock softshell turtle
1329:
1300:
1243:
1194:
1143:
1067:
1032:
914:Weston, Phoebe (11 June 2019).
812:Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007).
575:
434:Originally native to the lower
389:Indian peacock softshell turtle
2224:
2137:Yangtze giant softshell turtle
2042:Wattle-necked softshell turtle
1097:"Bostami Turtle - Banglapedia"
1012:Minhaj Uddin (17 March 2015).
991:
926:
886:
857:
781:
600:
347:of freshwater turtle found in
1:
1451:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1345:Chelonian Research Monographs
1155:reptile-database.reptarium.cz
725:
539:
517:Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision
2062:Asian giant softshell turtle
1280:Das, Subhasish (June 2018).
1080:Earth's Endangered Creatures
558:Life span and mortality rate
25:black spiny softshell turtle
7:
4386:List of Testudines families
1958:Sri Lankan flapshell turtle
595:
10:
4734:
4718:Reptiles described in 1875
2132:Euphrates softshell turtle
1919:Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis
1823:Gilmoremys gettyspherensis
1568:
959:10.1038/s41598-018-35822-5
626:classified the species as
534:
429:
18:
4608:
4409:
4369:
4326:
4312:
4274:
4160:
4133:
3998:
3768:
3746:
3730:
3663:
3529:
3491:
3409:
3378:
3226:
3190:
3181:
2981:
2960:
2806:
2693:
2684:
2631:
2602:
2547:
2479:
2332:
2323:
2301:
2300:
2273:
2232:
2181:
2145:
2120:
2080:
2050:
2030:
2006:
1983:Burmese peacock softshell
1966:
1936:
1927:Khunnuchelys lophorhothon
1911:Khunnuchelys erinhotensis
1896:
1840:
1808:
1788:
1763:
1738:
1708:
1644:
1614:
1579:
1555:
1548:
1504:
1395:Faunistische Abhandlungen
239:
232:
213:
206:
98:Scientific classification
96:
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2157:African softshell turtle
2112:Spotted softshell turtle
2092:Chinese softshell turtle
1998:Leith's softshell turtle
1948:Burmese flapshell turtle
1800:Malayan softshell turtle
1780:Zambezi flapshell turtle
1775:Aubry's flapshell turtle
1755:Senegal flapshell turtle
1626:Florida softshell turtle
1591:Asiatic softshell turtle
1076:"Black Softshell Turtle"
334:), previously placed in
21:Asiatic softshell turtle
1988:Indian softshell turtle
1953:Indian flapshell turtle
1750:Nubian flapshell turtle
1631:Smooth softshell turtle
1461:Photo of Bostami turtle
566:
377:Indian softshell turtle
35:Black softshell turtle
4708:Reptiles of Bangladesh
2097:Hunan softshell turtle
2021:Palaeoamyda messeliana
1978:Black softshell turtle
1636:Spiny softshell turtle
1409:Aspideretes, Nilssonia
677:
619:
585:
444:Bayazid Bostami shrine
401:Hazrat Bayezid Bostami
322:black softshell turtle
317:
1855:Hutchemys arctochelys
1405:Aspideretes nigricans
1391:Aspideretes nigricans
1127:Aspideretes nigricans
1123:Abu Saeed, M (2009).
675:
617:
583:
502:Baneswar Shiva temple
315:
269:Aspideretes nigricans
66:Critically Endangered
1871:Hutchemys tetanetron
1831:Gilmoremys lancensis
1675:Axestemys montinsana
1424:, new combination).
834:10.3897/vz.57.e30895
789:"Appendices | CITES"
690:Conservation efforts
521:Cooch Behar district
504:, a shiva temple in
490:Tripureshwari temple
4455:nilssonia-nigricans
4441:Nilssonia nigricans
4411:Nilssonia nigricans
2172:Trionyx kansaiensis
1887:Hutchemys acupictus
1863:Hutchemys rememdium
1691:Axestemys splendida
1667:Axestemys cerevisia
1446:Nilssonia nigricans
1422:Nilssonia nigricans
1284:Nilssonia nigricans
951:2018NatSR...817378K
865:Nilssonia nigricans
760:: e.T2173A2778172.
746:Nilssonia nigricans
628:Extinct in the Wild
589:Nilssonia nigricans
414:Nilssonia nigricans
375:individuals of the
331:Nilssonia nigricans
295:Nilssonia nigricans
217:Nilssonia nigricans
51:Conservation status
4703:Nilssonia (turtle)
3494:Nanhsiungchelyidae
3459:Macrocephalochelys
2164:Trionyx ikoviensis
1101:en.banglapedia.org
939:Scientific Reports
821:Vertebrate Zoology
678:
620:
586:
318:
4713:Reptiles of India
4685:
4684:
4610:Trionyx nigricans
4567:Open Tree of Life
4403:Taxon identifiers
4394:
4393:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3405:
3404:
3177:
3176:
2680:
2679:
2598:
2597:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2192:
2191:
1699:Axestemys vittata
1659:Axestemys byssina
1566:
1565:
1433:
1414:Zoologica Scripta
1384:Trionyx nigricans
1225:Longchar, Imiti.
1125:"Bostami Turtle (
1074:Glenn, C (2006).
436:Brahmaputra River
423:Nilssonia formosa
310:
309:
282:Trionix nigricans
243:Trionyx nigricans
199:N. nigricans
91:
74:
16:Species of turtle
4725:
4678:
4677:
4665:
4664:
4652:
4651:
4639:
4638:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4601:
4600:
4588:
4587:
4575:
4574:
4562:
4561:
4549:
4548:
4536:
4535:
4523:
4522:
4510:
4509:
4497:
4496:
4484:
4483:
4471:
4470:
4458:
4457:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4398:
4397:
4324:
4323:
4317:
4316:
3829:Chupacabrachelys
3744:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3414:
3413:
3192:Carettochelyidae
3188:
3187:
2691:
2690:
2609:
2608:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2195:
1879:Hutchemys sterea
1683:Axestemys quinni
1574:
1573:
1553:
1552:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1434:(HTML abstract).
1425:
1359:
1357:
1351:. Archived from
1342:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1286:) in Bangladesh"
1277:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1009:
998:
995:
989:
988:
978:
930:
924:
923:
911:
902:
901:
890:
884:
877:
868:
861:
855:
854:
836:
818:
809:
803:
802:
800:
799:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
769:
739:
635:Old Akuk Village
461:oxygen dissolved
304:
291:
278:
265:
264:& Rust, 1934
248:
219:
106:
105:
85:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4660:
4655:
4647:
4642:
4634:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4604:
4596:
4591:
4583:
4578:
4570:
4565:
4557:
4554:Observation.org
4552:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4526:
4518:
4513:
4505:
4500:
4492:
4487:
4479:
4474:
4466:
4461:
4453:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4405:
4395:
4390:
4357:
4300:
4277:Sahonachelyidae
4270:
4156:
4129:
3994:
3925:Phosphatochelys
3764:
3718:
3659:
3654:Terlinguachelys
3622:Pneumatoarthrus
3525:
3487:
3401:
3374:
3222:
3173:
2977:
2956:
2944:Siebenrockiella
2802:
2676:
2627:
2594:
2543:
2530:Mesodermochelys
2475:
2336:
2307:
2269:
2228:
2223:
2193:
2188:
2177:
2141:
2116:
2076:
2046:
2026:
2002:
1962:
1932:
1892:
1836:
1804:
1784:
1759:
1734:
1704:
1640:
1610:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1557:Species of the
1544:
1500:
1494:
1456:Photo of Mazari
1441:
1420:(4): 301–310. (
1377:, Fourth Series
1366:
1364:Further reading
1355:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1305:
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1278:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1053:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1010:
1001:
996:
992:
931:
927:
912:
905:
900:. 13 July 2020.
892:
891:
887:
878:
871:
862:
858:
816:
810:
806:
797:
795:
787:
786:
782:
772:
770:
740:
733:
728:
692:
612:
603:
598:
578:
569:
560:
551:
549:Size and weight
542:
537:
478:Kamakhya Temple
432:
298:
297:
285:
284:
272:
271:
255:
254:
252:Amyda nigricans
246:
245:
228:
221:
215:
202:
100:
92:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4666:
4653:
4640:
4630:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4589:
4576:
4563:
4550:
4537:
4524:
4511:
4498:
4485:
4472:
4459:
4446:
4431:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4381:
4380:
4379:. † = extinct.
4370:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4330:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4281:
4279:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4172:Albertwoodemys
4166:
4164:
4162:Podocnemididae
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4059:Lomalatachelys
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3909:Labrostochelys
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3753:
3751:
3749:Araripemydidae
3741:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3536:
3534:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3451:Emarginachelys
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3420:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3396:Sinaspideretes
3391:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3073:Hesperotestudo
3068:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2965:
2963:Platysternidae
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2615:
2613:Dermatemydidae
2606:
2604:Kinosternoidea
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2573:Procolpochelys
2568:
2560:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2481:Dermochelyidae
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2370:Carolinochelys
2365:
2358:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
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1922:
1914:
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1894:
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1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1849:
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1838:
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1826:
1817:
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1653:
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1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1598:Amyda gregaria
1593:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1440:
1439:External links
1437:
1436:
1435:
1401:
1387:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1358:on 2012-01-31.
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1299:
1267:
1242:
1231:Morung Express
1217:
1193:
1182:animals.mom.me
1166:
1142:
1112:
1085:
1066:
1055:Brock (2020).
1040:
1031:
1019:The Daily Star
999:
990:
925:
903:
898:The Daily Star
885:
869:
856:
804:
780:
730:
729:
727:
724:
691:
688:
639:Wokha District
611:
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597:
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577:
574:
568:
565:
559:
556:
550:
547:
541:
538:
536:
533:
510:Cooch Behar II
431:
428:
326:Bostami turtle
308:
307:
306:
305:
292:
279:
266:
249:
247:Anderson, 1875
237:
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4706:
4704:
4701:
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4658:
4654:
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4631:
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4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:
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4521:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4354:
4353:
4352:Tacuarembemys
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4287:Sahonachelys
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4250:Peltocephalus
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4235:Lapparentemys
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4135:Pelomedusidae
4132:
4126:
4125:
4124:Yaminuechelys
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4095:Prochelidella
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4009:Acanthochelys
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:Kinkonychelys
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:Itapecuruemys
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3837:Eotaphrosphys
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3771:Bothremydidae
3767:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3681:Argillochelys
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3646:Santanachelys
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3590:Desmatochelys
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:Calcarichelys
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:Atlantochelys
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3532:Protostegidae
3528:
3522:
3521:
3520:Jiangxichelys
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3504:Anomalochelys
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3482:Protochelydra
3478:
3476:
3475:
3474:Planiplastron
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3281:Drazinderetes
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3217:Carettochelys
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3101:Malacochersus
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2992:Aldabrachelys
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:Leucocephalon
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2825:Banhxeochelys
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Testudinoidea
2683:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2633:Kinosternidae
2630:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2581:Protosphargis
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:(Sea turtles)
2335:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2187:. †=extinct.
2186:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:Superfamily:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1207:
1206:www.loyno.edu
1203:
1197:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1035:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1004:
994:
986:
982:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
921:
917:
910:
908:
899:
895:
889:
882:
876:
874:
866:
860:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
830:
826:
822:
815:
808:
794:
790:
784:
768:
763:
759:
755:
754:
749:
747:
738:
736:
731:
723:
721:
717:
712:
709:
704:
701:
696:
687:
684:
674:
670:
668:
664:
658:
656:
652:
646:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
622:In 2002, the
616:
607:
593:
590:
582:
573:
564:
555:
546:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
457:
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
437:
427:
425:
424:
419:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:N. gangeticus
382:
381:A. gangeticus
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:
337:
333:
332:
327:
323:
314:
302:
296:
293:
289:
283:
280:
276:
270:
267:
263:
259:
253:
250:
244:
241:
240:
238:
235:
231:
226:
220:
218:
212:
209:
208:Binomial name
205:
201:
200:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
95:
89:
83:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
4609:
4410:
4375:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4293:
4285:
4263:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4233:
4227:Erymnochelys
4225:
4218:
4212:Cerrejonemys
4210:
4202:
4194:
4188:Brontochelys
4186:
4178:
4170:
4149:
4142:
4122:
4114:
4107:
4102:Pseudemydura
4100:
4093:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3757:
3711:
3705:Prionochelys
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3582:Cratochelone
3580:
3572:
3566:Bouliachelys
3564:
3556:
3548:
3542:Alienochelys
3540:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3457:
3449:
3443:Chelydropsis
3441:
3433:
3425:
3394:
3388:Basilochelys
3386:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3312:Khunnuchelys
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3235:
3228:Trionychidae
3215:
3208:
3202:Allaeochelys
3200:
3166:
3159:
3153:Stigmochelys
3151:
3144:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3116:Megalochelys
3114:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3027:Cylindraspis
3025:
3018:
3011:
3006:Centrochelys
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:Testudinidae
2972:Platysternon
2970:
2951:Vijayachelys
2949:
2942:
2935:
2930:Rhinoclemmys
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2895:Melanochelys
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2795:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2705:Acherontemys
2703:
2671:Sternotherus
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2620:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2538:Psephophorus
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2468:
2460:
2454:Pacifichelys
2452:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2423:Lepidochelys
2421:
2414:
2406:
2400:Gigantatypus
2398:
2392:Eretmochelys
2390:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2353:
2334:Chelonioidea
2302:
2254:
2170:
2162:
2146:
2121:
2081:
2051:
2031:
2019:
2008:
1977:
1967:
1937:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1900:Khunnuchelys
1898:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1842:
1829:
1821:
1810:
1789:
1764:
1739:
1709:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1646:
1615:
1605:Amyda ornata
1603:
1596:
1580:
1559:Trionychidae
1497:Trionychidae
1445:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1382:: 282–285. (
1379:
1373:
1353:the original
1348:
1344:
1330:Bibliography
1316:. Retrieved
1314:. 2019-09-14
1311:
1302:
1293:
1290:ResearchGate
1289:
1283:
1259:. Retrieved
1257:. 2002-01-01
1254:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:
1145:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:
1079:
1069:
1060:
1034:
1023:. Retrieved
1017:
993:
945:(1): 17378.
942:
938:
928:
919:
897:
888:
880:
864:
859:
824:
820:
807:
796:. Retrieved
792:
783:
771:. Retrieved
757:
751:
745:
713:
708:N. nigricans
707:
705:
700:headstarting
697:
693:
683:N. nigricans
682:
679:
659:
655:N. nigricans
654:
651:N. nigricans
650:
647:
632:
621:
604:
588:
587:
576:Reproduction
570:
561:
552:
543:
458:
448:
447:
433:
421:
418:sister group
413:
396:
392:
384:
380:
338:
330:
329:
325:
321:
319:
303:et al., 2007
294:
281:
268:
251:
242:
216:
214:
198:
197:
185:
175:Trionychidae
29:
4502:iNaturalist
4435:Wikispecies
4265:Stupendemys
4220:Cordichelys
4066:Mesoclemmys
4051:Hydromedusa
3973:Taphrosphys
3965:Sankuchemys
3957:Rhothonemys
3933:Polysternon
3813:Cearachelys
3797:Azabbaremys
3781:Araiochelys
3697:Ctenochelys
3689:Bashuchelys
3638:Rhinochelys
3614:Ocepechelon
3606:Notochelone
3598:Iserosaurus
3466:Macrochelys
3418:Chelydridae
3341:Palaeoamyda
3266:Cyclanorbis
3131:Psammobates
3124:Oligopherus
3087:Indotestudo
3035:Cymatholcus
3013:Chelonoidis
2999:Astrochelys
2808:Geoemydidae
2726:Deirochelys
2664:Staurotypus
2657:Kinosternon
2650:Hoplochelys
2565:Peritresius
2514:Dermochelys
2507:Cosmochelys
2499:Corsochelys
2416:Itilochelys
2408:Glarichelys
2355:Allopleuron
2345:Cheloniidae
2284:Superfamily
2010:Palaeoamyda
1741:Cyclanorbis
1133:Tiger Paper
1061:All Turtles
920:Independent
773:19 November
601:Hibernation
525:West Bengal
474:Brahmaputra
438:, the only
340:Aspideretes
4692:Categories
4344:Caririemys
4257:Podocnemis
4243:Latentemys
4204:Carbonemys
4144:Pelomedusa
3981:Ummulisani
3901:Kurmademys
3869:Inaechelys
3853:Galianemys
3821:Chedighaii
3759:Araripemys
3732:Pleurodira
3713:Toxochelys
3630:Protostega
3435:Chelydrops
3355:Pelodiscus
3348:Pelochelys
3296:Gilmoremys
3273:Cycloderma
3183:Trionychia
3050:Geochelone
3043:Floridemys
2909:Notochelys
2797:Wilburemys
2768:Malaclemys
2622:Dermatemys
2589:Puppigerus
2522:Eosphargis
2439:Miocaretta
2431:Mexichelys
2325:Cryptodira
2265:Testudines
2226:Testudines
2083:Pelodiscus
2053:Pelochelys
1812:Gilmoremys
1766:Cycloderma
1540:Trionychia
1534:Testudines
1526:Subclass:
1370:Anderson J
1318:2022-04-27
1261:2020-04-17
1236:2017-03-24
1211:2020-04-17
1187:2020-04-17
1160:2020-04-17
1106:2020-04-17
1025:2015-08-17
827:(2): 311.
798:2022-01-14
726:References
540:Appearance
440:population
365:Chittagong
361:Bangladesh
165:Cryptodira
161:Suborder:
155:Testudines
84:Appendix I
4625:Q44619504
4585:nigricans
4384:See also
4336:Caribemys
4196:Caninemys
4180:Bauruemys
4109:Rheodytes
4073:Myuchelys
4016:Chelodina
3941:Puentemys
3917:Nigeremys
3861:Ilatardia
3805:Bothremys
3512:Basilemys
3326:Nilssonia
3304:Hutchemys
3252:Axestemys
3210:Anosteira
3065:Hadrianus
2923:Pangshura
2881:Malayemys
2846:Geoclemys
2789:Trachemys
2782:Terrapene
2775:Pseudemys
2761:Graptemys
2754:Glyptemys
2747:Emydoidea
2740:Actinemys
2712:Chrysemys
2557:Euclastes
2385:Eochelone
2236:Kingdom:
1969:Nilssonia
1844:Hutchemys
1648:Axestemys
1508:Kingdom:
1400:: 87–116.
967:2045-2322
879:Praschag
843:1864-5755
793:cites.org
470:Kaziranga
387:) or the
262:L. Müller
193:Species:
186:Nilssonia
121:Kingdom:
115:Eukaryota
4662:10641273
4619:Wikidata
4593:Species+
4420:Wikidata
4151:Pelusios
4116:Rhinemys
4087:Platemys
4080:Phrynops
4000:Chelidae
3989:Zolhafah
3885:Jainemys
3550:Archelon
3427:Chelydra
3319:Lissemys
3161:Stylemys
3146:Solitudo
3108:Manouria
3057:Gopherus
3020:Chersina
2888:Mauremys
2867:Heosemys
2860:Hardella
2853:Geoemyda
2839:Cyclemys
2695:Emydidae
2642:Claudius
2491:Arabemys
2470:Tasbacka
2462:Syllomus
2377:Chelonia
2275:Suborder
2259:Diapsida
2250:Reptilia
2244:Chordata
2242:Phylum:
2238:Animalia
1939:Lissemys
1528:Anapsida
1522:Reptilia
1516:Chordata
1514:Phylum:
1510:Animalia
1296:: 12–16.
1139:: 29–32.
985:30478342
851:87809001
663:Hinduism
643:Nagaland
596:Behavior
513:CD block
506:Baneswar
482:Guwahati
397:N. hurum
393:A. hurum
301:Praschag
234:Synonyms
225:Anderson
171:Family:
145:Reptilia
135:Chordata
131:Phylum:
125:Animalia
111:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
4649:5220419
4546:1078885
4494:2442549
4426:Q201055
4295:Sokatra
4044:Emydura
3949:Rosasia
3845:Foxemys
3789:Arenila
3369:Trionyx
3362:Rafetus
3288:Dogania
3244:Apalone
3168:Testudo
3094:Kinixys
3080:Homopus
2937:Sacalia
2916:Orlitia
2902:Morenia
2817:Batagur
2719:Clemmys
2446:Natator
2362:Caretta
2263:Order:
2248:Class:
2148:Trionyx
2123:Rafetus
1791:Dogania
1617:Apalone
1532:Order:
1520:Class:
1449:at the
976:6255766
947:Bibcode
535:Biology
519:of the
515:in the
508:in the
498:Tripura
494:Udaipur
430:Habitat
407:by the
405:extinct
357:Tripura
345:species
343:, is a
288:Richard
258:Mertens
227:, 1875)
181:Genus:
151:Order:
141:Class:
86: (
69: (
4675:202104
4633:ECOS:
4572:861371
4559:101668
4520:949478
4468:499956
4450:ARKive
4327:
4320:
4313:
4037:Elusor
4030:Elseya
4023:Chelus
3740:
3673:Adocus
3664:
3410:
3379:
3259:Chitra
2961:
2548:
2293:Family
1711:Chitra
1561:family
1549:Genera
1499:family
983:
973:
965:
883:(2007)
881:et al.
849:
841:
449:mazari
373:inbred
369:Sylhet
359:) and
290:, 1999
277:, 1987
275:Meylan
4657:IRMNG
4507:39550
4481:47F7V
3333:Palea
3237:Amyda
3138:Pyxis
2832:Cuora
2304:Genus
2255:Clade
2033:Palea
1582:Amyda
1356:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
847:S2CID
817:(PDF)
720:Assam
667:Kurma
529:India
486:Assam
468:, in
466:Assam
454:Mazar
416:is a
353:Assam
349:India
336:genus
88:CITES
82:CITES
4670:ITIS
4644:GBIF
4636:4479
4598:3239
4541:NCBI
4533:2173
4528:IUCN
4515:ITIS
4489:GBIF
4463:BOLD
2733:Emys
1411:)".
981:PMID
963:ISSN
839:ISSN
775:2021
758:2021
567:Diet
367:and
355:and
320:The
4476:CoL
1427:doi
971:PMC
955:doi
829:doi
762:doi
716:NGO
637:in
523:in
484:in
480:at
420:to
395:or
383:or
324:or
4694::
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4580:RD
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452:("
426:.
299:—
286:—
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256:—
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