1306:
45:
36:
3195:
259:
1418:
1432:
767:, the parent company of BCBS in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Montana and Illinois, nearly doubled its income to $ 1.09 billion in 2010, and began four years of billion-dollar profits. In the final spending bill for FY 2015 after much lobbying since 2010, nonprofit Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans continue to have special tax breaks that were understood to be threatened by the
1791:
As of
January 1, 1987, the federal government removed the full tax-exempt status of BCBS plans and instead created a special tax class for BCBS organizations, Internal Revenue Code ("I.R.C.") 5833. That I.R.C. category subjected BCBS plans to federal taxation but recognized the unique role BCBS plans
1348:
While only some members retain nonprofit status, the ones that do have been criticized for holding excessive amounts of cash or excessive executive compensation. For instance, the CEO of BCBS Michigan, Daniel Loepp, earned over 19 million USD in 2018, more than the CEO of Ford or Fiat
Chrysler during
1276:
has a joint marketing agreement with
Highmark Blue Shield in Pittsburgh for their separate hospital and medical plans. However, Independence Blue Cross, like most of its sister Blue Cross Blue Shield companies, cover most of their customers under managed care plans such as HMOs and PPOs which provide
1974:
GAO said since 2000, Blue Cross Blue Shield has become a behemoth in the federal employee insurance market. The company was the largest carrier in 93 percent of counties in 2000, and that proportion grew to 98 percent in 2015. Over that same time period, Blue Cross Blue Shield grew its median county
805:(FEHB) for U.S. federal government employees and retirees, and has been part of FEHB since FEHB's inception in 1960. FEP enrolls over half of the federal workforce, with over 5 million members, making it the largest insurer of federal employees and the largest single health plan group in the world.
329:
BCBSA manages communications between its members and the operating policies required to be a licensee of the trademarks. This permits each BCBSA company to offer nationwide insurance coverage through its BlueCard provider network and claims reimbursement program even though it operates only in its
1138:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of
Mississippi (BCBSMS) was formed as a privately held company in 1954. In 1948, it was converted to a non-profit. In 1973, its name was changed from Mississippi Hospital and Medical Service to Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi, Inc., which, in 1996, was converted
1093:
Founded in 1948, Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield (ABCBS) is an independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield
Association, and the largest healthcare provider in the state. It donated $ 1.98 million to The Walton College of Business toward founding its Robert L. Shoptaw Master of Healthcare
1400:
ordered by his doctor was denied by Blue Cross Blue Shield. Salim sued. In July 2022 the United States
District Court, Western District of Louisiana ruled that "Because Salim showed that PBT was a nationally accepted standard of care for advanced head and neck cancer in 2018, BCBSLA abused its
1151:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of
Nebraska was founded in 1939. On July 1, 2018, BCBS Nebraska formed GoodLife Partners Inc., a mutual holding company, to conduct its noninsurance businesses. The company retained the Blue Cross brand, converting from mutual ownership to a stock company wholly owned by
730:
was developed by employers in lumber and mining camps of the
Pacific Northwest to provide medical care by paying monthly fees to medical service bureaus composed of groups of physicians. In 1939, the first official Blue Shield plan was founded in California. In 1948, the symbol was informally
313:
BCBSA claims to control access to the Blue Cross and Blue Shield trademarks and names across the United States and in more than 170 other countries, which it then licenses to the affiliated companies for specific, exclusive geographic service areas. It has affiliated plans in all 50 states,
1143:(UMMC) network entered conflict over who is to blame for an increasing lack of covered care in the state. Media reported that UMMC had paid close to $ 279,000 for digital advertising, commercials, and billboards to attack BCBS, which, in subsequent months, sued the hospital for defamation.
1224:
charges: they had been sued and fined for denying due medical treatments to their customers and for underpaying doctors. As of 2019 they were overseeing well over half of all payments for medical services in their state. BCBSNC invests in chronic and underlying condition research,
1201:. Univera retained its name and is separate from Excellus BCBS. Excellus was the target of a cyberattack in 2015, in which 10.5 million records were hacked, and cost the company 17.5 million dollars. The company's Blue Cross Blue Shield subsidiaries have been known as:
297:
It was formed in 1982 from the merger of its two namesake organizations: Blue Cross was founded in 1929 and became the Blue Cross
Association in 1960, and Blue Shield emerged in 1939 and the Blue Shield Association was created in 1948. Its headquarters are at 200 E.
790:, independent of the association and traditionally of each other, offering insurance plans within defined regions under one or both of the association's brands. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurers offer some form of health insurance coverage in every
2514:
2421:
1084:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of
Arizona (BCBSAZ) is a non-profit healthcare organization founded in 1939. BCBSAZ partners with non-profit "Discovery Triangle Development Corporation" to launch a Farm Express mobile market (formerly Fresh Express).
2873:
2201:
1387:
In 2022, the group of 34 companies that make up the BCBS Association settled an antitrust investigation by allowing competition among member companies under non-Blue names while retaining regional exclusivity for regional licenses.
2999:
2041:
2944:
2570:
724:(AHA) adopted the Blue Cross symbol in 1939 as the emblem for plans meeting certain standards. In 1960, the AHA commission was superseded by the Blue Cross Association. Blue Cross severed its ties with the AHA in 1972.
2359:
2414:
2290:
1961:
1405:
investigation found that Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana used guidelines from an outside company called AIM Specialty Health to reject appeals for denial, and that this practice was widespread.
1139:
from a non-profit membership corporation to a mutual insurance company, with the name again changed, to Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi, A Mutual Insurance Company. During 2022, BCBS and
760:
revoked the exemption, however, because the plans sold commercial-type insurance. They became 501(m) organizations, subject to federal taxation, but entitled to "special tax benefits" under IRC 833.
3098:
3023:
2144:
1559:
2087:
2506:
1853:
1778:
2198:
2748:
1316:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Wyoming (BCBSWY) is a non-profit founded in 1945. In 2022, BCBSWY penned opposition to the Pharmacy benefit managers act enhancements (Wyoming Senate File 0036).
2992:
2861:
2825:
1260:
Though historically "Blue Cross" was used for hospital coverage while "Blue Shield" was used for medical coverage, today that split only exists for traditional health insurance plans in
2163:
2544:
1889:
551:
2936:
2797:
2106:
2888:
2729:
2033:
1094:
Business Analytics Program. In August 2022, more than 12,000 members of Arkansas Blue Cross were affected by a ransomware attack on a former affiliate, North Highland Company, LLC.
2566:
2773:
539:
2356:
3252:
2913:
2252:
129:
2340:
681:
1507:
3237:
2287:
1110:
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas (BCBSKS) was founded in 1942 by Sam Bartham, later becoming an independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association.
1953:
720:. The first plan guaranteed teachers 21 days of hospital care for $ 6 a year, and was later extended to other employee groups in Dallas, and then nationally. The
2686:
2378:
2710:
2966:
3222:
3132:
1480:
1804:
26 USC § 833 – Treatment of Blue Cross and Blue Shield organizations, etc. | Title 26 – Internal Revenue Code | U.S. Code | LII / Legal Information Institute
1220:
By September 2010, BCBS licensee Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina announced that it would refund $ 156 million to their policyholders following
3090:
2321:
3016:
2993:"Conversion and Preservation of Charitable Assets of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans: How States Have Protected or Failed to Protect the Public Interest"
2141:
1553:
2084:
694:
Blue Cross and Blue Shield developed separately, with Blue Cross providing coverage for hospital services and Blue Shield covering physicians' services.
533:
1988:
FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM: Enrollment Remains Concentrated Despite More Plan Offerings, and Effects of Adding Plan Types Are Uncertain
1843:
3227:
1816:
1770:
2271:
1248:, who had served as CEO from 2017, was scheduled to become CEO of the merged company, replacing retiring Cambia CEO Mark Ganz, but resigned after a
2745:
2125:
527:
2182:
2454:
2228:
1654:
2814:
2484:
1122:. An independent licensee of the BCBSA, it is a privately held mutual company without shareholders, which is wholly owned by its policyholders.
3247:
674:
2160:
2063:
1596:
396:
1879:
2794:
2536:
2103:
1067:
2885:
2726:
2397:
1726:
3257:
3162:
557:
545:
1525:"Blue Cross Blue Shield Association - Supporting the 36 Independent, Locally Operated Blue Cross and Blue Shield Companies - BCBS.com"
3242:
2765:
2603:
1034:
802:
667:
355:
319:
1379:
An exceptional case occurred in the Empire Blue Cross conversion, where the proceeds went to fund wage increases for union workers.
731:
adopted by nine plans called the Associated Medical Care Plan, and was later renamed the National Association of Blue Shield Plans.
1334:
1221:
1140:
1049:
2633:
1039:
735:
450:
323:
1626:
1372:. When Blue Cross of California was converted, it initially had no distribution, but subsequently The California Endowment and
1044:
519:
390:
2905:
2249:
1360:, and the dismissal ruling was upheld on appeal. Similar suits occurred with similar results in other states such as Oregon.
1024:
463:
2337:
3206:
1504:
1752:
3232:
2306:
1524:
2676:
2375:
1651:
Coordinated Issue Paper – Blue Cross Blue Shield/Health Insurance; Life Insurance: Conversion of nonprofit corporations
1062:
825:
2707:
3200:
1571:
1373:
1054:
3124:
1477:
586:
1692:
1353:
1001:
922:
764:
498:
492:
486:
341:
2318:
2004:
1931:
835:
402:
77:
2967:"Judge Dismisses Attempted Class-Action Suit Against Regence BlueCross BlueShield of Oregon | The Lund Report"
961:
Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield West Virginia (formerly Mountain State Blue Cross Blue Shield) (West Virginia)
721:
2122:
1376:
were endowed with $ 3.2 billion. Proceeds ranged from $ 3.2 billion (California) to $ 1.5 million (Nevada).
2862:"Blue Cross-Blue Shield Pulling Out of USVI Aug 1 While Currently Owing V.I. Health Providers Massive Sums"
468:
432:
1102:
Blue Cross of Idaho and Regence BlueShield Idaho are separate companies and compete throughout the state.
3262:
2268:
1130:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota (BCBSMN) was founded in 1933, with 3,500 employees reported in 2022.
444:
287:
179:
20:
1368:
Conversions into for-profit corporations typically results in distribution of some of the assets into a
1297:
BlueCross BlueShield of the U.S. Virgin Islands is administered by BlueCross BlueShield of Puerto Rico.
2179:
1305:
1172:
646:
606:
421:
2937:"Appeals panel upholds dismissal of class action challenge of how Blue Cross parent corp uses profits"
2849:
2446:
2218:
1771:"Nonprofit Health Inc.: Overview of issues in the protection of nonprofit assets - Blue Cross: 501(m)"
1727:"Health Insurance From Invention to Innovation: A History of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Companies"
893:
Virginia (excluding Alexandria City, Arlington County, Falls Church City, and parts of Fairfax County)
2629:
2476:
1029:
846:
Parts of Virginia (Alexandria City, Arlington County, Falls Church City, and parts of Fairfax County)
426:
3125:"Big Insurance Met Its Match When It Turned Down a Top Trial Lawyer's Request for Cancer Treatment"
1910:
NYT quote: Now you have non-medical people, business promoters, coming in and running Blue Crosses.
1357:
1286:
795:
739:
624:
373:
1588:
1285:
Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Rhode Island was founded in 1939. The insurer is headquartered in
1269:
1241:
1230:
1072:
982:
183:
1369:
757:
438:
381:
2394:
2357:"Conflict between Mississippi’s largest hospital, insurer a breaking point for some residents"
1730:
1650:
1240:
In 2019, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina agreed to enter into a partnership with
629:
361:
3155:"Salim v. La. Health Serv. & Indem. Co, CIVIL 1:19-CV-00442 | Casetext Search + Citator"
3154:
2288:"Blue Cross hosts “Medicare Made Easy” virtual event in advance of Annual Enrollment Period"
1118:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Louisiana is a tax-paying non-profit that was founded in 1934 in
801:
The Blue Cross Blue Shield Federal Employee Program (FEP) is a nationwide option under the
506:
2593:
35:
8:
2655:
2199:"Vendor provides protection to Arkansas Blue Cross members affected by ransomware attack"
1179:
914:
768:
763:
In 1994, BCBS changed to allow its licensees to be for-profit corporations. During 2010,
709:
318:, and licensees offering plans in several foreign countries; it also participates in the
3194:
1672:
258:
2681:
2660:
2625:
2598:
2338:"Nearly four months in, still no developments in mediation between UMMC and Blue Cross"
1884:
1848:
1234:
591:
473:
2906:"Blue Cross CEO earned $ 11.5M cash in 2020 during COVID-19, a moderate dip from 2019"
2142:"Pharmacists Get Creative Overcoming Barriers to Care by Going the Extra Virtual Mile"
3071:
3063:
2395:"Blue Cross gets OK to form new holding company to enter more noninsurance businesse"
2085:"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona Welcomes Marcus Montoya as VP, Network Management"
1792:
play, unlike commercial for-profit insurers, and entitled it to special tax benefits.
1677:
1567:
1445:
1310:
1264:. Two independent companies operate in central Pennsylvania, Highmark Blue Shield in
1245:
1198:
713:
1618:
16:
Federation of 36 separate United States health insurance organizations and companies
3053:
1437:
1183:
1175:
701:
291:
164:
1803:
2892:
2801:
2752:
2733:
2714:
2401:
2382:
2363:
2344:
2325:
2294:
2275:
2256:
2205:
2186:
2167:
2148:
2129:
2110:
2091:
1992:
BCBSA's large program market share—66 percent of total program enrollment in 2015
1774:
1658:
1563:
1511:
1484:
851:
299:
105:
44:
19:
This article is about American medical insurance companies. For other uses, see
2223:
1756:
1423:
1397:
809:
652:
634:
1268:
and Capital Blue Cross in Central Pennsylvania. In southeastern Pennsylvania,
1182:. It is part of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. In 2010, Excellus was
3216:
3067:
3058:
3041:
1532:
717:
705:
576:
283:
144:
131:
1401:
discretion in finding Salim's PBT treatment was not medically necessary." A
3075:
2766:"Blue Cross NC, Cambia Health Solutions officially end 'affiliation' talks"
1396:
In 2018 Robert Salim was diagnosed with stage 4 throat cancer, however the
1273:
1261:
813:
639:
480:
2626:"Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina's Desperate Attempt to Deceive"
2161:"Healthcare Business Analytics Graduate Program Honors Robert L. Shoptaw"
1119:
738:
chose to partner with Blue Cross and Blue Shield companies to administer
600:
315:
745:
In 1982, Blue Shield merged with The Blue Cross Association to form the
1402:
1265:
1226:
949:
Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield (Western and Northeastern Pennsylvania)
791:
290:
with 33 independent and locally-operated BCBSA companies that provide
194:
2874:"Cheyenne business chamber luncheon will feature panel on health care"
1700:
752:
Prior to 1986, organizations administering BCBS were tax exempt under
2727:"Blue Cross NC Widens Teladoc Collab, Bolstering Telehealth Services"
2366:
by Shalina Chatlani; WWNO New Orleans Public Radio; November 7, 2022.
2008:
1954:"Feds Are Flocking to the Same Few Health Care Plans Despite Choices"
1492:
906:
91:
1990:. United States Government Accountability Office. 2017. p. 35.
1923:
944:
787:
596:
367:
307:
113:
2064:"Florida Blue – New Name of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida"
1844:"In Final Spending Bill, Salty Food and Belching Cows Are Winners"
552:
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
294:
in the United States to more than 115 million people as of 2022.
3091:"Judge Approves Blue Cross's $ 2.67 Billion Antitrust Settlement"
2886:"Letter to the Editor: Please Ask the House to Vote No on SF0036"
1880:"For Nation's Blue Cross Plans, Echoes of the Troubles at Empire"
969:
385:
303:
109:
50:
2795:
Cambia, Blue Cross of North Carolina Put Proposed Merger on Hold
753:
964:
Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield of Western New York (New York)
540:
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act
2677:"Inside North Carolina's Big Effort to Transform Health Care"
580:
2864:
by Shaun A. Pennington; The St. Thomas Source; May 11, 2016.
2755:
by Andrea Park; Becker's Hospital Review; November 20, 2019.
2259:
by Karen Ridder; The Topeka-Capitol Journal; March 4, 2009.
2219:"Regence BlueShield of Idaho Inc - Company Profile and News"
1589:"The Blue Cross Blue Shield System | Blue Cross Blue Shield"
2180:"ARKANSAS BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD DONATES $ 1.98M TO U OF A"
1753:"History of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association – 1980s"
1555:
The Blues: History of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield System
171:
167:
2404:
by Steve Jordon; World-Herald; APNews.com; March 28, 2018.
1020:
Single-state members include the following organizations.
2347:
by Will Stribling; Mississippi Today; September 20, 2022.
1319:
1249:
952:
Highmark Blue Shield (Eastern & Central Pennsylvania)
3188:
2746:"Former Aetna exec launches consumer health IT platform"
2736:
by Anuja Vaidya; mHealthIntelligence; November 11, 2021.
2328:
Mississippi Insurance Department; March 6, 2014, page 3.
2007:. Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. Archived from
1755:. Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. Archived from
1729:. Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. Archived from
1619:"BCBS® Companies and Licensees | Blue Cross Blue Shield"
958:
Highmark Blue Shield of Northeastern New York (New York)
878:
Missouri (excluding 30 counties in the Kansas City area)
249:
2415:"Contributing to a Health Economy for Upstate New York"
1478:
Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax
2815:"Blue Cross and Blue Shield, A Historical Compilation"
2104:"BCBSAZ and Farm Express launch mobile produce market"
1873:
1871:
1356:) was sued over its nonprofit status. The lawsuit was
3017:"Blue Cross and Blue Shield A Historical Compilation"
1693:"Health Care Service Corporation (HCSC) – Who We Are"
1557:
by Robert Cunningham III and Robert M. Cunningham Jr.
1924:"Blue Cross and Blue Shield's Federal Employee Plan"
1413:
1015:
2278:
by Loretta George; FortScottBiz; February 11, 2022.
2269:"COMMUNITY HEALTH & VIBRANCY PILOT COMPETITION"
1868:
1817:"Blue Cross parent boosts profit in second quarter"
1244:, but cancelled the agreement later that year. Dr.
955:
Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield Delaware (Delaware)
819:
534:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
49:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association headquarters in
3253:Medical and health organizations based in Illinois
2895:by Diane Gore; Cowboy State Daily; March 22, 2022.
2717:by Rylee Wilson; Becker's Payer; October 21, 2022.
370:/ State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)
2132:Arkansas Money & Politics; December 26, 2018.
1724:
1252:arrest in June 2019, putting the merger on hold.
320:nationwide health insurance program for employees
3238:Financial services companies established in 1929
3214:
2189:Arkansas Money & Politics; October 13, 2022.
917:(includes Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands)
528:Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
3209:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association; March 1997.
2656:"BCBSNC ready to help shape health care reform"
1877:
1646:
1644:
2594:"California Insurer Says It Will Cap Earnings"
3223:Members of Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
3042:"The Curious Conversion Of Empire Blue Cross"
2151:by Jill Murphy; Pharmacy Times; May 13, 2021.
1823:. Crain Communication, Inc. September 3, 2013
1514:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, BCBS.com.
1391:
675:
397:Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
2708:How 6 payers are addressing food insecurity"
2648:
2618:
2591:
1641:
1068:Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey
887:New York (eastern and southeastern counties)
2170:University of Arkansas; September 28, 2022.
1975:market share from 58 percent to 72 percent.
1809:
3193:
2674:
2066:(Press release). PRNewswire. April 2, 2012
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1343:
1208:BlueCross BlueShield of the Rochester Area
682:
668:
558:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
546:Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act
257:
43:
34:
3123:Miller, T. Christian (November 7, 2023).
3057:
2876:Wyoming Business Report; August 31, 2022.
2028:
2026:
1806:law.cornell.edu. Retrieved on 2013-09-05.
1363:
1277:hospital and medical care in one policy.
1075:(Philadelphia, Southeastern Pennsylvania)
1059:Capital Blue Cross (Central Pennsylvania)
1035:Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City
803:Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
356:Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
3228:1929 establishments in the United States
3039:
2804:Wall Street Journal; September 24, 2019.
1720:
1718:
1335:Canadian Association of Blue Cross Plans
1304:
1205:BlueCross BlueShield of Central New York
1141:University of Mississippi Medical Center
1050:Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina
974:Premera Blue Cross Blue Shield of Alaska
808:The association is headquartered in the
712:in 1929, while he was vice president of
3088:
2831:from the original on September 19, 2015
2636:from the original on September 19, 2009
2573:from the original on September 30, 2011
2427:from the original on September 30, 2011
2123:"OUTSTANDING HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS"
1835:
1517:
1457:
1382:
1211:BlueCross BlueShield of Utica-Watertown
1040:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
774:
3215:
3122:
3089:Mathews, Anna Wilde (August 9, 2022).
3005:from the original on December 9, 2016.
2947:from the original on February 16, 2017
2689:from the original on September 4, 2022
2606:from the original on September 4, 2022
2537:"Breach cost Excellus $ 17.3M in 2015"
2023:
1964:from the original on December 11, 2019
1934:from the original on December 11, 2019
1892:from the original on September 4, 2022
1856:from the original on December 18, 2014
1781:from the original on December 18, 2014
1668:
1666:
1489:Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
1320:Companies outside of the United States
1292:
1045:Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota
990:Regence BlueCross BlueShield of Oregon
798:in many states or regions of the U.S.
794:. They also act as administrators of
747:Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
3248:Insurance companies based in Illinois
3165:from the original on November 9, 2023
3135:from the original on November 9, 2023
3118:
3116:
2852:Bloomberg. Accessed November 9, 2022.
2776:from the original on October 31, 2022
2547:from the original on October 28, 2020
2307:"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota"
1918:
1916:
1715:
1599:from the original on October 19, 2023
1309:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Wyoming in
1025:Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama
464:Health insurance in the United States
92:501(c)(4) public welfare organization
3101:from the original on August 10, 2022
3029:from the original on April 12, 2019.
2916:from the original on August 21, 2022
2559:
2376:"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Nebraska"
1841:
1629:from the original on August 31, 2023
1583:
1581:
1579:
1325:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Costa Rica
993:Regence BlueCross BlueShield of Utah
933:Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Mexico
700:is a name used by an association of
3040:Robinson, James C. (July 1, 2003).
2934:
2569:. Excellus Blue Cross Blue Shield.
2044:from the original on March 30, 2016
1663:
708:. Its predecessor was developed by
391:Children's Health Insurance Program
201:BC and BS Foundation on Health Care
13:
3113:
2517:from the original on April 7, 2022
2385:Forbes. Accessed November 9, 2022.
2309:Forbes. Accessed November 8, 2022.
2297:L'Observateur; September 20, 2021.
2231:from the original on July 26, 2024
2094:Fierce Healthcare; March 14, 2011.
1913:
1878:Martin Gottlieb (August 2, 1993).
1842:Pear, Robert (December 14, 2014).
1682:. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
1186:'s largest nonprofit health plan.
1063:Hawaii Medical Service Association
936:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Oklahoma
927:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois
857:Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield
826:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan
268:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
29:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
14:
3274:
3258:Organizations established in 1929
3180:
2487:from the original on May 13, 2021
2457:from the original on May 16, 2021
1576:
1374:California Health Care Foundation
1331:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Uruguay
1215:
1055:BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee
1016:Single-state member organizations
930:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Montana
830:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Vermont
756:(4) as social welfare plans. The
3243:Health maintenance organizations
2541:Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
1430:
1416:
1328:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Panama
977:Premera Blue Cross of Washington
820:Multi-state member organizations
587:Massachusetts health care reform
324:United States federal government
3147:
3082:
3033:
3009:
2985:
2959:
2928:
2898:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2807:
2788:
2758:
2739:
2720:
2701:
2668:
2585:
2529:
2499:
2469:
2439:
2407:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2331:
2312:
2300:
2281:
2262:
2243:
2211:
2192:
2173:
2154:
2135:
2116:
2097:
2078:
2056:
1997:
1980:
1946:
1904:
1797:
1763:
1745:
1354:Health Care Service Corporation
1280:
1255:
1002:Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield
996:Regence BlueShield (Washington)
939:Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas
923:Health Care Service Corporation
765:Health Care Service Corporation
499:Preferred provider organization
493:Health maintenance organization
487:Exclusive provider organization
342:Healthcare in the United States
3203:Consumersunion.org; July 2012.
2675:Steve Lohr (August 26, 2019).
1685:
1611:
1547:
1498:
1189:In 2001, Excellus merged with
1133:
901:Anthem Blue Cross (California)
458:Private Fee-For-Service (PFFS)
403:Veterans Health Administration
378:Prescription Assistance (SPAP)
1:
2592:Reed Abelson (June 7, 2011).
2250:"Barham took BCBS to the top"
1451:
1161:Excellus BlueCross BlueShield
722:American Hospital Association
716:'s health care facilities in
469:Health insurance marketplaces
1352:In 2014, BC/BS of Illinois (
1125:
1113:
433:Health reimbursement account
7:
2113:AZBIGMEDIA; April 19, 2018.
1409:
1155:
1146:
1088:
987:Regence BlueShield of Idaho
816:area of Chicago, Illinois.
445:High-deductible health plan
63:; 95 years ago
21:Blue Cross (disambiguation)
10:
3279:
3233:Companies based in Chicago
3207:"BCBSA History Fact Sheet"
2891:November 11, 2022, at the
2751:November 10, 2022, at the
2732:December 11, 2022, at the
2713:November 10, 2022, at the
2400:November 10, 2022, at the
2381:November 10, 2022, at the
2324:December 11, 2022, at the
1725:Marc Lichtenstein (n.d.).
1392:Claim denial controversies
1300:
1079:
647:Fair Share Health Care Act
607:Vermont health care reform
422:Consumer-driven healthcare
350:Government health programs
333:
199:Health Services Foundation
18:
2630:Media Matters for America
2420:. Excellus. Spring 2010.
2362:November 8, 2022, at the
2343:November 8, 2022, at the
2274:November 5, 2022, at the
2255:November 5, 2022, at the
2204:November 5, 2022, at the
2185:November 5, 2022, at the
2166:November 5, 2022, at the
2147:November 5, 2022, at the
2109:November 5, 2022, at the
2090:November 5, 2022, at the
1510:November 8, 2022, at the
1358:dismissed, with prejudice
1178:company headquartered in
1105:
1030:Blue Shield of California
619:Municipal health coverage
427:Flexible spending account
330:designated service area.
244:
231:
220:
207:
193:
177:
160:
145:41.8864516°N 87.6239771°W
123:
97:
87:
75:
57:
42:
33:
3059:10.1377/hlthaff.22.4.100
2208:THV11; August 24, 20222.
1821:Crain's Chicago Business
1287:Providence, Rhode Island
1097:
786:insurance companies are
625:Healthcare in California
2319:"Report of Examination"
1562:April 12, 2019, at the
1505:"Blue Facts Sheet 2022"
1344:Nonprofit status debate
1270:Independence Blue Cross
1231:artificial intelligence
1073:Independence Blue Cross
983:Cambia Health Solutions
451:Medical savings account
416:Private health coverage
150:41.8864516; -87.6239771
3201:"How Much Is Too Much?
2998:. Community Catalyst.
2800:July 26, 2024, at the
2293:July 26, 2024, at the
2128:July 26, 2024, at the
1759:on September 26, 2009.
1483:June 16, 2021, at the
1364:For-profit conversions
1313:
758:Tax Reform Act of 1986
655:(Howard Co., Maryland)
439:Health savings account
382:Military Health System
314:Washington, D.C., and
2971:www.thelundreport.org
2567:"Company Information"
1370:charitable foundation
1308:
704:plans throughout the
630:Healthy San Francisco
362:Indian Health Service
2973:. September 17, 2014
2941:cookcountyrecord.com
2772:. October 14, 2019.
2453:. October 23, 2000.
1960:. November 7, 2017.
1958:Government Executive
1495:. December 31, 2014.
1383:Antitrust settlement
840:District of Columbia
775:Current organization
507:Medical underwriting
3095:Wall Street Journal
2511:myportal.dfs.ny.gov
2483:. October 1, 2001.
2481:www.bizjournals.com
2451:www.bizjournals.com
2011:on January 10, 2007
1777:. January 1, 2008.
1703:on November 8, 2016
1673:Justin Ford Kimball
1535:on November 5, 2011
1293:U.S. Virgin Islands
1180:Rochester, New York
915:Triple-S Management
769:Affordable Care Act
710:Justin Ford Kimball
141: /
30:
3263:Supraorganizations
2682:The New York Times
2661:Charlotte Observer
2599:The New York Times
1885:The New York Times
1849:The New York Times
1657:6 May 2009 at the
1314:
1235:digital healthcare
1191:Univera Healthcare
854:(formerly Anthem)
734:In the 1960s, the
592:Oregon Health Plan
571:State level reform
520:Health care reform
474:Premium tax credit
203:BCBSA Services Inc
28:
2912:. March 1, 2021.
2770:Fierce Healthcare
1678:Handbook of Texas
1446:Blue Cross Canada
1311:Gillette, Wyoming
1246:Patrick H. Conway
1199:Buffalo, New York
714:Baylor University
692:
691:
265:
264:
3270:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3189:Official website
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3061:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2935:Holland, Scott.
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2902:
2896:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2762:
2756:
2743:
2737:
2724:
2718:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2664:. June 10, 2009.
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2632:. May 19, 2009.
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2405:
2392:
2386:
2373:
2367:
2354:
2348:
2335:
2329:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2266:
2260:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2215:
2209:
2196:
2190:
2177:
2171:
2158:
2152:
2139:
2133:
2120:
2114:
2101:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1920:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1699:. Archived from
1689:
1683:
1670:
1661:
1653:. 4 June 2008)
1648:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1585:
1574:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1531:. Archived from
1521:
1515:
1502:
1496:
1474:
1440:
1438:Companies portal
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1184:Upstate New York
1176:health insurance
702:health insurance
684:
677:
670:
338:
337:
292:health insurance
270:, also known as
261:
256:
253:
251:
236:
224:
212:
165:Health insurance
156:
155:
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71:
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47:
38:
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3015:
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3010:
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2995:
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2990:
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2974:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2893:Wayback Machine
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2802:Wayback Machine
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2753:Wayback Machine
2744:
2740:
2734:Wayback Machine
2725:
2721:
2715:Wayback Machine
2706:
2702:
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2690:
2673:
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2609:
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2576:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2507:"Approval rate"
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2402:Wayback Machine
2393:
2389:
2383:Wayback Machine
2374:
2370:
2364:Wayback Machine
2355:
2351:
2345:Wayback Machine
2336:
2332:
2326:Wayback Machine
2317:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2295:Wayback Machine
2286:
2282:
2276:Wayback Machine
2267:
2263:
2257:Wayback Machine
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2206:Wayback Machine
2197:
2193:
2187:Wayback Machine
2178:
2174:
2168:Wayback Machine
2159:
2155:
2149:Wayback Machine
2140:
2136:
2130:Wayback Machine
2121:
2117:
2111:Wayback Machine
2102:
2098:
2092:Wayback Machine
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1967:
1965:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1876:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1784:
1782:
1775:Consumers Union
1769:
1768:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1733:on May 23, 2014
1723:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1691:
1690:
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1671:
1664:
1659:Wayback Machine
1649:
1642:
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1630:
1617:
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1612:
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1600:
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1577:
1564:Wayback Machine
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1512:Wayback Machine
1503:
1499:
1485:Wayback Machine
1475:
1458:
1454:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1394:
1385:
1366:
1349:the same year.
1346:
1322:
1303:
1295:
1283:
1258:
1218:
1195:North AmeriCare
1158:
1149:
1136:
1128:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1018:
852:Elevance Health
822:
812:complex in the
777:
736:U.S. government
688:
659:
658:
620:
612:
611:
572:
564:
563:
523:
512:
511:
417:
409:
408:
351:
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300:Randolph Street
248:
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186:
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119:
106:Randolph Street
80:
67:
65:
62:
53:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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3198:
3182:
3181:External links
3179:
3177:
3176:
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3112:
3081:
3052:(4): 100–118.
3046:Health Affairs
3032:
3008:
2984:
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2822:Consumer Union
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2224:Bloomberg News
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1566:1997; page 3.
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1424:Chicago portal
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1398:proton therapy
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1539:November 2,
1134:Mississippi
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316:Puerto Rico
148: /
124:Coordinates
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1403:Propublica
1266:Pittsburgh
1227:telehealth
1222:documented
1173:non-profit
1152:GoodLife.
792:U.S. state
780:Blue Cross
698:Blue Cross
649:(Maryland)
288:federation
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133:41°53′11″N
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2070:April 27,
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1114:Louisiana
907:GuideWell
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788:licensees
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280:The Blues
221:Expenses
180:President
3163:Archived
3133:Archived
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3076:12889758
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3000:Archived
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2945:Archived
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161:Products
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2461:June 5,
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1301:Wyoming
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334:History
322:of the
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286:–based
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