902:
1097:
33:
877:
847:
862:
772:), which also measures 13.5 cm (5.3 in) long, and weighs between 16.6 g (0.59 oz) and 18 g (0.63 oz). Its appearance differs significantly from all other nuthatches. All of its subspecies are broadly black and white (especially when viewed in low-light conditions in which their dark blue coloring is not apparent) and have upper plumage shot through with dramatic notes of cobalt, azure and other lighter shades of blue, as well as grays and purples. The head is black, or blackish-blue with a broad, pale blue
207:
86:
61:
1194:. In Malaysia, it is found from 1,070 m (3,510 ft) to the highest point in the country at 2,186 m (7,172 ft). In Sumatra, the species has been reported at an altitudinal range of between 900 m (3,000 ft) and 2,400 m (7,900 ft), and on Java, between 915 m (3,002 ft) and 2,745 m (9,006 ft). Ornithologist John MacKinnon has reported some rare sightings at lower altitudes on the plains of Java.
1006:
1071:
The breeding of the species has not been extensively studied. The nest is made in a small tree hole in which it lays three to four dirty-white eggs, washed in lavender and densely speckled with reddish-brown and gray, that measure 19.3 mm × 13.4 mm (0.76 in × 0.53 in).
469:, strong toes with long claws, and behaviorally, by their unique head-first manner of descending tree trunks. Most nuthatches have gray or bluish upperparts and a black eyestripe. In 2006, ornithologist Edward C. Dickinson Proposed splitting Sitta in multiple genera on the basis of distinct
1010:
508:
of 21 nuthatch species. The position of the blue nuthatch within the genus was not established with certainty, having a far lower correlation than many others in the model. Nevertheless, under the findings the species appears best represented by a
1008:
1583:
Pasquet, Eric; Barker, F. Keith; Martens, Jochen; Tillier, Annie; Cruaud, Corinne; Cibois, Alice (April 2014). "Evolution within the nuthatches (Sittidae: Aves, Passeriformes): molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and ecological perspectives".
1206:
and relatively common in
Malaysia and Java. It has a very wide distribution area, approaching 361,000 km (139,000 sq mi). The population has not been rigorously estimated but is considered significant and at low risk, despite
1072:
In
Peninsular Malaysia, juveniles just reaching maturity were observed in late June; on the island of Java, the breeding season takes place from April to July, and on Sumatra an adult feeding its young was observed on May 9.
1009:
787:, which are the tail's flight feathers, are pale blue in the middle with a black border and contrast sharply with the dark areas of the coat. The throat and breast are white, or washed buff, especially in
1211:'s observation that some decline is likely (but not as yet confirmed) due to known destruction and fragmentation of areas the species is known to inhabit. The blue nuthatch is placed in the category of
426:", first recorded in 1350, is derived from "nut" and a word probably related to "hack", since these birds hack at nuts they have wedged into crevices. The genus may be further divided into seven
1059:, spiders, and moth caterpillars. It typically forages for prey in the upper half of large trees, and occasionally in smaller trees. While prospecting on tree trunks, the bird protects its
876:
376:). The population of the species has not been determined but the species appears to be at low risk of extinction because of the extent of its distribution. It has been classified as of
1007:
1179:
in the south of the island. In a 1918 expedition by
Robinson and Kloss, they commented: "from the commencement of heavy jungle on the valley slopes up to about 8,000 feet on
1295:). The International Ornithological Congress however recognized 28 species as of 2012, based on the elevation of four taxa from subspecies to full species status, including
783:
The three subspecies vary predominantly in the coloring of their mantles, chests and bellies. The upperparts are dark blue at the mantle or purplish in some subspecies. The
997:. The vocal repertoire of the blue nuthatch is quite varied and is reminiscent of the velvet-fronted nuthatch and, to a lesser extent, the sulphur-billed nuthatch.
846:
481:) and the blue nuthatch, the morphology of which he describes as "rather aberrant ... in spite of a character trait (white edges to wing feathers) shared with
764:
The blue nuthatch is a medium-sized nuthatch that has an average length of 13.5 cm (5.3 in). The weight is not known, but may be comparable to the
1801:
861:
313:
found on trees; reproduction takes place from April to June or July. It also forages in mixed-species flocks in larger groups. They can be found in the
2358:
2085:
1216:
1044:
837:) involving the throat, chest and mantle; a complete moult takes place after the breeding season (March–April and August in Java in Malaysia).
381:
2397:
1080:
Little has been specifically reported on blue nuthatch predators, but one individual was seen to freeze during the passage of a prospecting
2474:
1187:
318:
799:. The bill is lavender, slightly tinged with green, and black at the tip; the legs are a pale blue-gray and the claws are slate or black.
1462:
2332:
1063:
from falling bark and other debris by contracting the bare skin around its eyes – an adaptation apparently unique to the species.
2371:
1404:
Traité d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau méthodique des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d'oiseaux
1271:
The 21 species are out of 24 recognized as making up the genus by Harrap and Quinn as of 1996. Of these, the study omitted the
2484:
2168:
1939:
1894:
1731:. Version 6.4. International Ornithological Congress (IOC) World Bird List. October 22, 2016. Family Sittidae. Archived from
1560:
1470:
2504:
2376:
1456:
1499:
1728:
493:) to be split off as well. He stated, however, that a molecular study would be warranted prior to any re-classification.
1678:
Harrap, Simon (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.).
2145:
1439:
2402:
1096:
2499:
1183:
this strikingly coloured little
Nuthatch was very common, feeding on tall tree trunks in parties of six or seven."
1821:
286:. It is a medium-sized nuthatch, measuring 13.5 cm (5.3 in) in length. The species, which shows slight
825:
are variably edged creamy white. The juvenile's bill is blackish, with a pink base. Adults experience a partial
298:
close to purple with azure feathers. The wings are edged with black. The throat and chest are white or a washed
1379:
Dickinson, Edward C.; Loskot, Edward C.; Loskot, Vladimir M.; Morioka, Hiroyuki; Somadikarta, Soekarja (2000).
1997:
Curio, Eberhard (2001). "Wie Vögel ihr Auge schützen: Zur
Arbeitsteilung von Oberlid, Unterlid und Nickhaut".
290:, has dramatic coloration unlike any other member of its genus. Its head is black or blackish-blue dark blue
461:, typified by short, compressed wings and short, square 12-feathered tails, a compact body, longish pointed
32:
1203:
1027:
2036:
292:
2275:
2270:
1747:
813:
describes the female as having slightly duller upperparts. Juveniles resemble adults, but have a duller
774:
793:
401:
346:
196:
1357:
2489:
2249:
1505:
463:
1778:
1402:
1679:
1653:
Hoyo, Josep del; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David A. (2008). "Sittidae (Nuthatches): Systematics".
1296:
821:, as well as a brown cast that does not cover their entire body. The belly is a dull black and the
41:
1800:
Dickinson, E. C.; Loskot, V. M.; Morioka, H.; Somadikarta, S.; van den Elzen, R. (December 2006).
85:
637:
627:
514:
474:
369:
353:
2103:
1984:
Henri Jacob Victor Sody (1892-1959): His Life and Work: a
Biographical and Bibliographical Study
1552:
1545:
1191:
1026:
The blue nuthatch is very active, often seen running in pairs, in larger groups, or mingling in
322:
2494:
2363:
2257:
2222:
2184:
2107:
1280:
1208:
361:
2389:
1882:
2428:
1427:
1288:
718:
579:
538:
393:
249:
180:
822:
2319:
2262:
2231:
1129:
818:
470:
2438:
2067:
841:
The three subspecies of the blue nuthatch and their distinct morphological characteristics
8:
2479:
741:
702:
50:
1334:
1112:(in extreme southern Thailand and northern Malaysia) and in Indonesia on the islands of
2014:
1695:
1601:
486:
219:
80:
2423:
2293:
2236:
2164:
2141:
2079:
2048:
1935:
1890:
1813:
1759:
1699:
1632:
1556:
1466:
1435:
1408:
1380:
1305:
1164:
930:
803:
765:
706:
505:
287:
2018:
1620:
1605:
2298:
2137:
2006:
1687:
1660:
1593:
1352:
1101:
1042:, of which some have been particularly identified as common in its diet, including
1019:
826:
810:
455:
2285:
2410:
2037:"Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, 12,400 ft., Sumatra. – Pt. II: Birds"
1272:
1109:
915:
814:
749:
314:
303:
2066:
Parks, Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4 0 International Thai National.
1729:"Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings & oxpeckers"
1654:
2160:
589:
546:
2451:
1732:
1597:
745:
302:
color, contrasting with the upperparts and the belly of a very dark blue; the
2468:
2384:
1817:
1763:
1636:
1412:
1343:
1212:
1180:
791:. The belly and abdomen are blackish, contrasting with blue-gray or purplish
752:
727:
673:
409:
377:
310:
299:
70:
65:
2052:
1156:
border, on Mount Rabong in
Kelantan and at Mount Padang in the Sultanate of
725:
in 1838, but the name was subsequently little used, and can be considered a
206:
2207:
1802:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 66. Types of the Sittidae and Certhiidae"
1691:
1664:
1621:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 62. A preliminary review of the Sittidae"
1381:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 66. Types of the Sittidae and Certhiidae"
1049:
901:
522:
1982:
Becking, J. H. (1989). "Diets of
Javanese birds". In Brill Archive (ed.).
885:- note the purplish-blue upper parts, blue coverts and buff-colored belly.
2415:
2345:
2216:
1176:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1121:
1081:
1056:
807:
501:
293:
1202:
The blue nuthatch is a common bird in
Sumatra, including in the area of
2446:
2337:
2010:
1157:
1053:
1039:
775:
714:
329:
317:
and on the islands of Sumatra and Java in Indonesia, where it inhabits
794:
347:
2350:
784:
497:
451:
427:
137:
97:
2311:
2178:
1140:, as well as some isolated populations on the slopes of the massive
464:
2201:
1153:
1137:
681:
458:
309:
The blue nuthatch's ecology is poorly known, but it feeds on small
283:
157:
147:
117:
2244:
1930:
Wells, David R. (2007). "Passerines". In Christopher Helm (ed.).
1799:
1113:
689:
279:
2324:
392:
The blue nuthatch was first described in 1830 under its current
1145:
1060:
685:
559:
Nuthatch phylogenic detail according to Pasquet, et al. (2014):
107:
1659:. Vol. 13. Lynx Edicions (HBW Alive for online version).
1526:
1524:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1186:
The blue nuthatch is typically found on mountains, inhabiting
2306:
1779:"New subspecies of Malay birds: Poliositta azurea nigiventer"
1656:
Handbook of the Birds of the World: Penduline-tits to Shrikes
1543:
Sibley, David; Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John Barnard (2001).
1172:
1125:
969:, which can be prolonged, accelerated into staccato trilling
566:
510:
446:
441:
413:
352:, chests and bellies. The species' closest relatives are the
1910:
1908:
1906:
1378:
662:
There are three recognized subspecies of the blue nuthatch.
1582:
1521:
1321:
1168:
1117:
127:
2035:
Robinson, Herbert Christopher; Kloss, Cecil Boden (1918).
1777:
Robinson, Herbert Christopher; Kloss, Cecil Boden (1919).
1903:
1847:
961:
notes are frequently given quickly and repetitively as a
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1859:
1407:(in French). Vol. 1. F. G. Levrault. p. 316.
1332:
1948:
1835:
1479:
2030:
2028:
1542:
521:). These tropical Asian nuthatches are themselves a
1934:. Vol. 2. Christopher Helm. pp. 431–432.
1652:
855:- note the dark blue upper parts and azure coverts.
1544:
1498:
2025:
1793:
1770:
1739:
1358:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711225A94284706.en
1167:, and has been observed in the Gayo Highlands of
870:- note the purple upper parts and violet coverts.
496:In 2014, Eric Pasquet and colleagues published a
485:", and that doing so might, in turn, require the
2466:
1120:. In Malaysia, the species has been observed in
895:
684:taken in the Malay Peninsula's Semangko Pass in
430:, of which the blue nuthatch is placed alone in
344:, which differ chiefly in the coloring of their
1887:National Geographic Complete Birds of the World
829:before the breeding season (February–March for
717:in West Java, Indonesia. British ornithologist
513:comprising the velvet-fronted nuthatch and the
325:above 900 m (3,000 ft) in altitude.
2132:Harrap, Simon (1996). Christopher Helm (ed.).
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1217:International Union for Conservation of Nature
382:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2041:Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums
2034:
1776:
1612:
1163:In Sumatra, the bird is found throughout the
2104:"Blue Nuthatch - BirdLife Species Factsheet"
1925:
1923:
1783:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1752:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1458:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1396:
1394:
1188:subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
721:had described the subspecies under the name
672:, described in 1914 by German ornithologist
319:subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
306:are generally clear, blue-gray or purplish.
2101:
2084:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1975:
1880:
1569:
1434:. University of Arizona Press. p. 18.
1091:
949:, and a fuller, harder, and more forceful
701:, described in 1919 by British zoologists
205:
59:
31:
2154:
1990:
1920:
1876:
1874:
1618:
1530:
1485:
1432:Early Southwest Ornithologists, 1528–1900
1391:
1356:
1197:
1095:
1004:
977:. Other calls include a thin, squeaking
1981:
1745:
1454:
1425:
1000:
473:traits. He suggested as candidates the
2467:
2131:
2097:
2095:
1969:
1914:
1871:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1677:
1648:
1646:
1547:Sibley guide to bird life and behavior
1448:
1400:
1175:Highlands of northern Sumatra, and at
748:from a specimen possibly taken on the
2183:
2182:
2102:Ekstrom, Jonathan; Butchart, Stuart.
1996:
1932:The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula
1929:
1491:
525:clade to one comprising the subgenus
1889:. National Geographic. p. 307.
1758:. British Ornithologists' Club: 34.
1500:" Entry for 'Nuthatch' "
802:The species displays no significant
755:; inhabits central and eastern Java.
2475:IUCN Red List least concern species
2092:
1789:. British Ornithologists' Club: 17.
1712:
1643:
1344:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1100:A blue nuthatch on a tree trunk at
13:
1806:Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden
1625:Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden
1190:and subtropical or tropical moist
321:and subtropical or tropical moist
14:
2516:
2134:Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers
2065:
900:
890:
875:
860:
845:
84:
2124:
2059:
1671:
1401:Lesson, René Primevère (1831).
1333:BirdLife International (2016).
18:Species of small passerine bird
2159:. Illustrated by David Quinn.
2136:. Illustrated by David Quinn.
1686:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
1680:"Blue Nuthatch (Sitta azurea)"
1536:
1419:
1372:
1265:
1228:
1014:A blue nuthatch of subspecies
973:, or even becoming a rattling
759:
1:
2068:"Sitta azurea, Blue nuthatch"
1748:"Callisitta azurea expectata"
1619:Dickinson, Edward C. (2006).
1303:) and three species from the
1028:mixed-species foraging flocks
711:Poliositta azurea nigriventer
657:
2485:Birds of the Malay Peninsula
1883:"Nuthatches and Wallcreeper"
1461:. Christopher Helm. p.
1315:
1222:
1204:Kerinci Seblat National Park
1075:
699:(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)
440:The nuthatches constitute a
7:
1631:(5). Rijksmuseum: 225–240.
1551:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
1428:"French Traders, 1827–1828"
1066:
1038:The blue nuthatch feeds on
985:, a squeaky toy-like nasal
744:, was described in 1830 by
678:Callisitta azurea expectata
400:, by the French naturalist
387:
10:
2521:
2047:. Kelly & Walsh: 229.
1455:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1108:This species lives in the
414:
2505:Taxa named by René Lesson
2191:
1881:Harris, Tim, ed. (2009).
1598:10.1007/s10336-014-1063-7
1509:. Oxford University Press
1506:Oxford English Dictionary
713:from a holotype taken at
225:
218:
213:
204:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
30:
25:
2155:Matthysen, Erik (2010).
1999:Journal für Ornithologie
1426:Fischer, Dan L. (2001).
1385:Zoologische Mededelingen
1351:: e.T22711225A94284706.
1092:Distribution and habitat
963:chi-chit, chit-chit-chit
883:Sitta azurea nigriventer
557:Phylogenetic tree detail
533:) (sometimes called the
500:based on examination of
42:Cibodas Botanical Garden
2500:Birds described in 1843
1746:Hartert, Ernst (1914).
1033:
638:Sulphur-billed nuthatch
628:Velvet-fronted nuthatch
537:group), along with the
515:sulphur-billed nuthatch
475:velvet-fronted nuthatch
370:sulphur-billed nuthatch
354:velvet-fronted nuthatch
282:in the nuthatch family
2108:BirdLife International
1692:10.2173/bow.blunut1.01
1665:10.2173/bow.sittid1.01
1586:Journal of Ornithology
1281:yellow-billed nuthatch
1209:BirdLife International
1198:Threats and protection
1152:located at the Pahang-
1105:
1023:
853:Sitta azurea expectata
688:; it is also found in
654:
362:yellow-billed nuthatch
1735:on December 22, 2016.
1297:Przevalski's nuthatch
1289:white-browed nuthatch
1099:
1086:Ictinaetus malayensis
1013:
580:Brown-headed nuthatch
561:
539:brown-headed nuthatch
412:name for nuthatches,
402:René Primevère Lesson
1130:Titiwangsa Mountains
1018:foraging in a tree,
1001:Behavior and ecology
933:include a melodious
792:
773:
723:dendrophila flavipes
462:
408:is derived from the
345:
291:
245:Dendrophila flavipes
214:Blue nuthatch range
2072:Thai National Parks
1917:, pp. 168–169.
1856:, pp. 135–138.
868:Sitta azurea azurea
742:nominate subspecies
731:("forgotten name");
255: •
243: •
235: •
227: •
51:Conservation status
2011:10.1007/BF01651365
1684:Birds of the World
1533:, p. 269–270.
1136:, in the state of
1124:, in the state of
1106:
1024:
833:; March–April for
487:beautiful nuthatch
44:, Java, Indonesia
2462:
2461:
2424:Open Tree of Life
2185:Taxon identifiers
2170:978-1-4081-2870-1
1941:978-0-7136-6534-5
1896:978-1-4262-0403-6
1868:, pp. 48–49.
1562:978-0-679-45123-5
1472:978-1-4081-2501-4
1165:Barisan Mountains
1011:
945:, a thin hissing
926:
925:
823:undertail coverts
804:sexual dimorphism
789:S. a. nigriventer
766:Algerian nuthatch
739:
700:
696:S. a. nigriventer
671:
565:Weakly-supported
506:mitochondrial DNA
436:
338:S. a. nigriventer
288:sexual dimorphism
266:
265:
261:
253:
241:
237:Poliositta azurea
233:
229:Callisitta azurea
74:
40:Blue nuthatch at
2512:
2490:Birds of Sumatra
2455:
2454:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2393:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2327:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2252:
2250:F2F45703F352EFA3
2240:
2239:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2151:
2138:Christopher Helm
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2075:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2032:
2023:
2022:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1946:
1945:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1820:. Archived from
1797:
1791:
1790:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1580:
1567:
1566:
1550:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1502:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1330:
1269:
1232:
1144:in the state of
1012:
953:. When excited,
904:
896:
879:
864:
849:
811:Nagamichi Kuroda
796:
777:
737:
719:William Swainson
703:Herbert Robinson
698:
669:
466:
434:
417:
416:
349:
332:are recognized:
295:
260:(Swainson, 1838)
259:
247:
239:
231:
209:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
35:
23:
22:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2437:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2411:Observation.org
2409:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2187:
2177:
2171:
2161:A & C Black
2148:
2127:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2093:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2060:
2033:
2026:
1995:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1949:
1942:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1904:
1897:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1812:(18): 287–310.
1798:
1794:
1775:
1771:
1744:
1740:
1727:
1726:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1676:
1672:
1651:
1644:
1617:
1613:
1581:
1570:
1563:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1424:
1420:
1399:
1392:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1293:Sitta victoriae
1285:Sitta solangiae
1273:Indian nuthatch
1266:
1263:
1229:
1225:
1200:
1110:Malay Peninsula
1094:
1078:
1069:
1036:
1016:S. a. expectata
1005:
1003:
971:tititititititik
927:
922:
913:
912:
910:Songs and calls
893:
886:
880:
871:
865:
856:
850:
831:S. a. expectata
806:, but Japanese
798:
779:
762:
750:Arjuno-Welirang
670:(Hartert, 1914)
667:S. a. expectata
660:
655:
653:
560:
558:
479:Sitta frontalis
468:
435:(Buturlin 1916)
390:
351:
334:S. a. expectata
315:Malay Peninsula
304:covert feathers
297:
254:
242:
234:
200:
194:
188:
175:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2443:
2433:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2342:
2329:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2280:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2213:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2157:The Nuthatches
2152:
2146:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2091:
2058:
2024:
2005:(3): 257–272.
1989:
1986:. p. 209.
1974:
1972:, p. 168.
1947:
1940:
1919:
1902:
1895:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1844:, p. 169.
1834:
1792:
1769:
1738:
1711:
1670:
1642:
1611:
1592:(3): 755–765.
1568:
1561:
1535:
1531:Matthysen 2010
1520:
1490:
1486:Matthysen 2010
1478:
1471:
1447:
1440:
1418:
1390:
1387:(80): 287–310.
1371:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1301:S. przewalskii
1277:Sitta castanea
1270:
1264:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1199:
1196:
1192:montane forest
1171:province, the
1132:, in southern
1093:
1090:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1035:
1032:
1002:
999:
993:, and a buzzy
975:tr-r-r-r-r-r-t
924:
923:
914:
908:
906:
894:
892:
889:
888:
887:
881:
874:
872:
866:
859:
857:
851:
844:
842:
761:
758:
757:
756:
738:(Lesson, 1830)
732:
693:
659:
656:
652:
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
642:S. oenochlamys
635:
623:
621:
609:
607:
606:
605:
599:
598:
597:
590:Pygmy nuthatch
587:
575:
571:
562:
556:
555:
547:pygmy nuthatch
519:S. oenochlamys
389:
386:
374:S. oenochlamys
323:montane forest
264:
263:
257:Sitta flavipes
240:(Lesson, 1830)
232:(Lesson, 1830)
223:
222:
216:
215:
211:
210:
202:
201:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
172:S. azurea
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
26:Blue nuthatch
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2517:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Birds of Java
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2147:0-7136-3964-4
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:(in German).
2000:
1993:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1824:on 2016-03-04
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1441:0-8165-2149-2
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1213:least concern
1210:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1181:Korinchi Peak
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1102:Fraser's Hill
1098:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:click beetles
1047:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1020:Fraser's Hill
1017:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:vocalizations
929:The species'
921:
920:on xeno-canto
919:
911:
907:
905:
903:
898:
897:
891:Vocalizations
884:
878:
873:
869:
863:
858:
854:
848:
843:
840:
839:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
809:
808:ornithologist
805:
800:
797:
790:
786:
781:
778:
771:
770:Sitta ledanti
767:
754:
753:stratovolcano
751:
747:
743:
736:
733:
730:
729:
728:nomen oblitum
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
694:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Ernst Hartert
668:
665:
664:
663:
643:
639:
636:
633:
629:
626:
625:
624:
622:
619:
615:
614:Blue nuthatch
612:
611:
610:
608:
603:
600:
595:
591:
588:
585:
581:
578:
577:
576:
574:
573:
572:
570:
569:
568:
564:
563:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
483:Sitta formosa
480:
476:
472:
471:morphological
467:
460:
457:
454:birds in the
453:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
411:
410:Ancient Greek
407:
404:(1794–1849).
403:
399:
395:
394:binomial name
385:
383:
379:
378:least concern
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:invertebrates
307:
305:
301:
296:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
270:blue nuthatch
262:
258:
251:
246:
238:
230:
224:
221:
217:
212:
208:
203:
198:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Passeriformes
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
2452:Sitta-azurea
2237:Sitta_azurea
2223:Sitta azurea
2193:Sitta azurea
2192:
2156:
2133:
2125:Bibliography
2111:. Retrieved
2071:
2061:
2044:
2040:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1931:
1886:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1809:
1805:
1795:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1733:the original
1703:. Retrieved
1683:
1673:
1655:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1589:
1585:
1546:
1538:
1511:. Retrieved
1504:
1493:
1488:, p. 4.
1481:
1457:
1450:
1431:
1421:
1403:
1384:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1348:
1342:
1337:Sitta azurea
1336:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:Poecilositta
1239:
1235:
1230:
1201:
1185:
1162:
1107:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1057:leaf beetles
1045:Trachypholis
1043:
1037:
1025:
1015:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
928:
918:Sitta azurea
917:
909:
899:
882:
867:
852:
835:S. a. azurea
834:
830:
801:
788:
782:
769:
763:
735:S. a. azurea
734:
726:
722:
710:
695:
677:
666:
661:
641:
632:S. frontalis
631:
617:
613:
601:
593:
583:
550:
542:
534:
530:
526:
518:
495:
490:
482:
478:
445:
439:
432:Poecilositta
431:
423:
419:
405:
398:Sitta azurea
397:
391:
373:
366:S. solangiae
365:
358:S. frontalis
357:
342:S. a. azurea
341:
337:
333:
327:
308:
278:) is a bird
275:Sitta azurea
274:
273:
269:
267:
256:
244:
236:
228:
226:
190:Sitta azurea
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
20:
15:
2346:iNaturalist
2217:Wikispecies
1970:Harrap 1996
1915:Harrap 1996
1866:Harrap 1996
1854:Harrap 1996
1842:Harrap 1996
1364:12 November
1150:Mount Tahan
1142:Mount Benom
1134:Hulu Langat
1122:Bukit Larut
1104:, Malaysia.
1082:black eagle
967:chir-ri-rit
941:, a sudden
819:ear coverts
760:Description
746:René Lesson
707:Cecil Kloss
450:, of small
2480:Nuthatches
2469:Categories
2447:Xeno-canto
1828:2014-05-14
1705:2021-12-22
1287:) and the
1260:Leptositta
1256:Micrositta
1236:Callisitta
1158:Terengganu
1054:Eumolpinae
1040:arthropods
1022:, Malaysia
916:Listen to
715:Mount Gede
658:Subspecies
602:canadensis
594:S. pygmaea
584:S. pusilla
551:S. pygmaea
545:) and the
543:S. pusilla
535:canadensis
531:Micrositta
491:S. formosa
368:) and the
330:subspecies
294:upperparts
1818:700480502
1764:761190665
1700:216391261
1637:0024-0672
1513:April 17,
1413:768399957
1316:Citations
1252:Mesositta
1244:Oenositta
1223:Footnotes
1128:, in the
1076:Predation
1048:beetles,
785:rectrices
618:S. azurea
498:phylogeny
452:passerine
428:subgenera
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2390:22711225
2364:10465146
2263:22711225
2258:BirdLife
2202:Wikidata
2080:cite web
2053:15726954
2019:38854629
1606:17637707
1306:europaea
1154:Kelantan
1138:Selangor
1067:Breeding
776:eye ring
682:holotype
459:Sittidae
424:Nuthatch
388:Taxonomy
284:Sittidae
250:Swainson
220:Synonyms
148:Sittidae
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2429:3599044
2403:1499460
2338:2484915
2325:1051084
2312:blunut1
2286:blunut1
2245:Avibase
2113:May 12,
1279:), the
1215:by the
1114:Sumatra
1061:corneas
995:chirr-u
983:zhe-zhe
795:coverts
690:Sumatra
680:from a
502:nuclear
380:by the
360:), the
348:mantles
280:species
252:, 1838)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2436:uBio:
2377:563015
2276:118700
2208:Q73459
2167:
2144:
2051:
2017:
1938:
1893:
1816:
1762:
1698:
1635:
1604:
1559:
1469:
1438:
1411:
1309:group.
1234:Being
1146:Pahang
686:Pahang
523:sister
456:family
328:Three
199:, 1830
197:Lesson
2416:76499
2359:IRMNG
2351:14810
2307:eBird
2299:4XTS8
2283:BOW:
2015:S2CID
1696:S2CID
1602:S2CID
1248:Sitta
1177:Dempo
1173:Batak
1148:, on
1126:Perak
987:snieu
827:moult
815:crown
604:group
567:clade
527:Sitta
511:clade
465:bills
447:Sitta
442:genus
420:sittē
415:σίττη
406:Sitta
159:Sitta
2439:5146
2398:NCBI
2385:IUCN
2372:ITIS
2333:GBIF
2271:BOLD
2165:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2115:2014
2086:link
2049:OCLC
2045:VIII
1936:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1814:OCLC
1760:OCLC
1633:ISSN
1557:ISBN
1515:2014
1467:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1409:OCLC
1366:2021
1349:2016
1258:and
1169:Aceh
1118:Java
1116:and
1034:Diet
991:kneu
981:and
959:chit
957:and
951:chit
943:whit
817:and
740:the
705:and
504:and
340:and
300:buff
268:The
128:Aves
2320:EoL
2294:CoL
2232:ADW
2007:doi
2003:142
1688:doi
1661:doi
1594:doi
1590:155
1553:434
1463:357
1353:doi
1088:).
1030:.
989:or
979:zhe
965:or
955:sit
947:sit
939:tip
937:or
935:tup
709:as
676:as
553:).
422:. "
2471::
2449::
2426::
2413::
2400::
2387::
2374::
2361::
2348::
2335::
2322::
2309::
2296::
2273::
2260::
2247::
2234::
2219::
2204::
2163:.
2140:.
2106:.
2094:^
2082:}}
2078:{{
2070:.
2043:.
2039:.
2027:^
2013:.
1950:^
1922:^
1905:^
1885:.
1873:^
1810:80
1808:.
1804:.
1787:XL
1785:.
1781:.
1756:35
1754:.
1750:.
1714:^
1694:.
1682:.
1645:^
1629:80
1627:.
1623:.
1600:.
1588:.
1571:^
1555:.
1523:^
1503:.
1465:.
1430:.
1393:^
1383:.
1347:.
1341:.
1323:^
1262:.
1254:,
1250:,
1246:,
1242:,
1238:,
1219:.
1160:.
1052:,
780:.
444:,
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