92:
106:
267:
80:
230:, the plan was to destroy important German infrastructure before handing them over to the Allies. Such plans were also put in place for Bamberg, but never carried out. Nevertheless, German troops blew up all the brigdes in Bamberg between April 10 and 13 in order to stop the Allied advance or to at least prevent them from obtaining any useful infrastructure. Despite the destruction of the bridges, American forces entered Bamberg anyway and by April 14 had fully taken over the city.
275:
1950. The houses that were damaged during the bombing attacks were reconstructed in the original style, predominantly in the inner city, while the destroyed houses were built anew in the post-war style typical for that time, putting an emphasis on traditional styles. Most houses around the railway station were however not rebuilt, nor were any of the historical buildings like the Altane or Alte Maut or the bridges gracing the rivers of the city, with the exception of the
187:
emergency bombs once more on the urban center of
Bamberg after an attack on Nuremberg, killing one and injuring several people. The attack also caused significant damage to houses in the Hainstraße, Sodenstraße and Schützenstraße. Another emergency bombardment occurred on January 16 when an American bomber dropped its unused payload on the city, damaging houses on Hainstraße and Ottostraße.
194:, destroying or damaging residential buildings between the Moosstraße, Zollnerstraße and Pödeldorfer Straße and killing 94 people, including many schoolchildren waiting for their bus at the nearby bus station. The reason for the attack was that not all Allied aircraft had reached the actual target of
186:
The first attack on
Bamberg happened on March 31, 1944, by British forces. However, the city was not a deliberate target: the RAF dropped unused bombs after an attack on Nuremberg on the urban area, causing minor damage to two houses on Kirschäckerstraße. On January 2, 1945, the RAF dropped unused or
279:
near the historic city hall. 362 buildings were destroyed in total, with another 4000 being damaged. 2500 apartments were lightly hit and another 1700 of the 16,000 apartments were severely damaged during World War II. In total, 4.4% of the city ended up being destroyed. Besides the material damage,
210:
at the
Kunigundendamm which was almost completely destroyed (only the tower remained), the historic Altane on the Grüner Markt and the Alte Maut or Old Toll. A follow-up attack was planned for February 23, but ultimately cancelled due to bad weather. After that, low-flying Allied aircraft continued
274:
After the war ended, a reconstruction commission was put in place in 1946 by the city with little influence, putting an emphasis on traditional architecture. In 1947, the first reconstruction efforts began. Bamberg station was eventually restored to its original state, as was the Erlöserkirche in
201:
The biggest and deadliest bombing run happened over a week later on
February 22 however. In the afternoon, American planes attacked the Bamberg railway station and surroundings with bombs. Because of poor visibility, the bombs were also dropped over residential houses, killing a total of 216
202:
civilians and causing many houses between Oberer
Stephansberg and Oberer Kaulberg to be damaged or destroyed as a result. The inner city was also hit, particularly in the Obstmarkt, Lange Straße, Grüner Markt and Keßlerstraße. Three significant landmarks in the city were hit: the
250:
and party hierarchy also likely played an important part in the city being largely spared. A memorial stone has since been erected at the E.T.A.-Hoffmann high school and an annual commemoration is held to remind everyone of the air raid on
February 22, 1945.
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457:
425:
361:
329:
505:
409:
211:
to attack
Bamberg, threatening large gatherings of people and sometimes also dropping leaflets mocking National Socialism and its propaganda. Another 67 people died as a result of these attacks.
178:
held there each year, Bamberg was strategically irrelevant to the Allies and escaped any bombing raids for the majority of the war. In 1939, the city had a total of 59.466 inhabitants.
242:
at the helm. Besides
Bamberg being a strategically irrelevant target, there were also other reasons why the city was not heavily destroyed by Allied bombs. Church representatives like
2215:
588:
214:
By then, Bamberg was declared a front area within the Jura Line by the Nazi commanders, in order to protect the city of
Nuremberg for propagandistic reasons. As a result,
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After the war ended, Americans briefly fought in the city, which ultimately fell with little resistance on April 14 despite having a fanatical
General of the
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258:
was held in the Stadtarchiv Bamberg. Around 100 historical recordings were displayed, showing the levels of destruction of the February 22 air raid.
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Landgraf negotiated for surrender, and the confusion of the military command structures at the tail end of the war thanks to the dissolution of the
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574:
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919:
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2007:
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Aerial view of the historical city center of Bamberg in 2020. The city center is a UNESCO Heritage Site.
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Unlike the nearby industrial hub of Nuremberg, which was also an important city propaganda-wise for
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1432:
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1190:
984:
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154:, the city itself miraculously escaped major damage. Today, the historical city center is a
1825:
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219:
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1079:
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On February 14, American airplanes targeted the railway station with high-explosive and
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1835:
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699:
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939:
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608:
243:
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1114:
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On February 22, 2015, 70 years after the attack on the city, an exhibition titled
1932:
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were also meant to stop the advance of the Americans. In line with Hitler's
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were a series of British and American aerial bombing attacks on the city of
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167:
111:
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490:'Die "Stunde Null" in Bamberg Überleben und Wiederaufbau nach dem Krieg'
458:'Die "Stunde Null" in Bamberg Überleben und Wiederaufbau nach dem Krieg'
426:'Die "Stunde Null" in Bamberg Überleben und Wiederaufbau nach dem Krieg'
362:'Die "Stunde Null" in Bamberg Überleben und Wiederaufbau nach dem Krieg'
330:'Die "Stunde Null" in Bamberg Überleben und Wiederaufbau nach dem Krieg'
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522:'Vom Krieg verschont? Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945 in Bamberg'
378:'Vom Krieg verschont? Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945 in Bamberg'
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633:
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Spared from war? The end of the Second World War in Bamberg in 1945
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52:
20:
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during World War II. A total of nine air raids were held by the
280:
a total of 378 civilians also died during the bombing attacks.
198:
due to bad weather and chose Bamberg as an alternative target.
596:
146:in 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of
2285:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
2266:
582:
554:'CHW-Vortrag: Als Bomben auf Bamberg fielen'
474:'CHW-Vortrag: Als Bomben auf Bamberg fielen'
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575:
2275:World War II strategic bombing of Germany
1913:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
102:
506:'Bombennacht im Februar 1945 hallt nach'
410:'Bombennacht im Februar 1945 hallt nach'
265:
2033:
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63:4.4% of the city destroyed, 378 deaths
598:Strategic bombing during World War II
570:
290:Strategic bombing during World War II
30:Strategic bombing during World War II
1785:
295:Bombing of Nuremberg in World War II
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13:
14:
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233:
104:
90:
78:
547:
531:
515:
499:
483:
467:
451:
560:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
544:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
528:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
512:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
496:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
480:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
464:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
448:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
435:
432:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
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416:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
403:
400:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
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384:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
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368:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
355:
352:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
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336:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
323:
320:, retrieved on October 1, 2024
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176:huge yearly propaganda rallies
1:
300:
161:
144:United States Army Air Forces
148:strategic bombing of Germany
7:
283:
10:
2301:
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150:. However, unlike nearby
123:
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71:
35:
27:
18:
614:Aerial bombing of cities
2280:20th century in Bavaria
619:Area bombing directive
542:Atlas Zum Wiederaufbau
446:Atlas Zum Wiederaufbau
398:Atlas Zum Wiederaufbau
350:Atlas Zum Wiederaufbau
318:Atlas Zum Wiederaufbau
271:
208:Church of the Redeemer
269:
1020:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
752:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
156:UNESCO Heritage Site
2168:Mandatory Palestine
494:Stadtarchiv Bamberg
462:Stadtarchiv Bamberg
430:Stadtarchiv Bamberg
366:Stadtarchiv Bamberg
334:Stadtarchiv Bamberg
23:during World War II
1407:Rotterdam (Allied)
1372:Amsterdam (Allied)
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220:anti-tank barriers
132:bombing of Bamberg
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2261:
2258:
2257:
2229:
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2158:Mediterranean and
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2050:
2049:
1772:
1771:
1575:Barrow-in-Furness
1560:Battle of Britain
1158:
1157:
930:Freiburg (Allies)
629:Strategic bombing
558:Obermain Tagblatt
478:Obermain Tagblatt
224:anti-tank ditches
128:
127:
67:
66:
2292:
2240:
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2165:
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2062:Allied Singapore
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1783:
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1753:(Czechoslovakia)
1542:Zürich and Basel
1402:Rotterdam (Axis)
1367:Amsterdam (Axis)
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764:
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644:European theatre
609:Area bombardment
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244:Auxiliary bishop
192:incendiary bombs
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1301:Reggio Calabria
1179:
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935:Friedrichshafen
925:Freiburg (Axis)
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669:Wiener Neustadt
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140:Royal Air Force
124:9 bombing raids
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1803:Allied Rangoon
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1793:Burma campaign
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985:Kaiserslautern
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86:United Kingdom
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2145:(Philippines)
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1992:10 March 1945
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2235:North Africa
2137:Kuala Lumpur
2118:Other cities
2104:Pearl Harbor
1732:Other cities
1532:Schaffhausen
1494:Soviet Union
1070:Obersalzberg
870:Braunschweig
854:
845:Aschersleben
828:Other cities
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277:Obere Brücke
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189:
185:
168:Adolf Hitler
165:
131:
129:
72:Belligerents
2199:Other areas
2160:Middle East
2133:(Sri Lanka)
1778:Pacific War
1680:Southampton
1595:Bournemouth
1525:Switzerland
1360:Netherlands
1191:Alessandria
1110:Schweinfurt
1105:Saarbrücken
945:Halberstadt
905:Dietzenbach
850:Baden-Baden
262:Destruction
228:Nero Decree
174:due to the
43:1944 - 1945
19:Bombing of
2269:Categories
2139:(Malaysia)
2127:(Thailand)
2008:Utsunomiya
1759:(Bulgaria)
1696:Yugoslavia
1665:Nottingham
1655:Manchester
1590:Birmingham
1516:Stalingrad
1428:Hammerfest
1392:Middelburg
1085:Peenemünde
1060:Nordhausen
1005:Königsberg
975:Hildesheim
890:Crailsheim
799:Düsseldorf
690:Copenhagen
526:AUGIAS.net
382:AUGIAS.net
301:References
216:Volkssturm
172:Nazi Party
162:Background
2250:Fort Lamy
2216:Gibraltar
2076:Australia
2055:Singapore
2025:Yokkaichi
2018:June 1944
1998:Toyohashi
1908:Hiratsuka
1903:Hamamatsu
1850:Indonesia
1831:Hong Kong
1826:Chongqing
1765:(Croatia)
1747:(Finland)
1741:(Ireland)
1718:Podgorica
1702:Belgrade
1675:Sheffield
1645:Liverpool
1615:Clydebank
1570:The Blitz
1506:Leningrad
1485:Timișoara
1475:Bucharest
1412:The Hague
1387:Enkhuizen
1377:Eindhoven
1206:Benevento
1125:Stuttgart
1120:Stralsund
1090:Pforzheim
1080:Paderborn
1075:Osnabrück
1065:Nuremberg
1035:Magdeburg
990:Karlsruhe
970:Heilbronn
920:Frankfurt
895:Darmstadt
819:Wuppertal
769:Battle of
659:Innsbruck
634:V-weapons
624:Firestorm
538:'Bamberg'
442:'Bamberg'
394:'Bamberg'
346:'Bamberg'
314:'Bamberg'
248:Wehrmacht
240:Waffen-SS
152:Nuremberg
2190:Tel Aviv
2109:Unalaska
2043:(Taiwan)
2034:Colonies
2003:Toyokawa
1983:Shizuoka
1928:Kumagaya
1862:Surabaya
1857:Sukabumi
1841:Shanghai
1798:Mandalay
1745:Helsinki
1723:Sarajevo
1670:Plymouth
1630:Greenock
1620:Coventry
1600:Brighton
1480:Ploiești
1397:Nijmegen
1382:Enschede
1256:Grosseto
1241:Frascati
1216:Cagliari
1170:Budapest
1150:Würzburg
1040:Mannheim
1025:Lüneburg
965:Hannover
885:Chemnitz
840:Augsburg
794:Duisburg
789:Dortmund
771:the Ruhr
742:Le Havre
284:See also
170:and the
119:Strength
48:Location
28:Part of
2206:Bahrain
2131:Colombo
2125:Bangkok
2041:Taihoku
1958:Okazaki
1938:Nagaoka
1893:Fukuoka
1836:Nanjing
1685:Swansea
1660:Norwich
1610:Cardiff
1605:Bristol
1585:Belfast
1553:Kingdom
1468:Romania
1449:Frampol
1346:Viterbo
1341:Vicenza
1326:Trieste
1321:Treviso
1291:Pescara
1286:Palermo
1266:Messina
1261:Livorno
1231:Ferrara
1226:Catania
1221:Cassino
1211:Bologna
1163:Hungary
1100:Rostock
1095:Potsdam
1050:Münster
1010:Leipzig
955:Hamburg
940:Giessen
910:Dresden
880:Breslau
865:Bocholt
855:Bamberg
814:Krefeld
784:Cologne
761:Germany
721:Tallinn
709:Estonia
678:Denmark
652:Austria
218:units,
196:Dresden
182:Attacks
136:Bamberg
112:Germany
53:Bamberg
21:Bamberg
2211:Cyprus
2143:Manila
2088:Darwin
2083:Broome
2013:Yawata
1978:Sendai
1973:Sabang
1968:Rabaul
1953:Numazu
1943:Nagoya
1883:Aomori
1763:Zagreb
1751:Prague
1739:Dublin
1650:London
1625:Exeter
1551:United
1459:Wieluń
1454:Warsaw
1442:Poland
1433:Namsos
1421:Norway
1336:Verona
1306:Rimini
1276:Naples
1236:Foggia
1196:Ancona
1115:Siegen
1055:Munich
1015:Lübeck
995:Kassel
900:Dessau
875:Bremen
860:Berlin
835:Aachen
779:Bochum
730:France
685:Aarhus
664:Vienna
109:
95:
83:
60:Result
2221:Malta
2185:Jaffa
2180:Haifa
1988:Tokyo
1963:Osaka
1888:Fukui
1878:Akita
1871:Japan
1821:Chiba
1814:China
1786:Burma
1757:Sofia
1640:Leeds
1511:Minsk
1501:Gorky
1351:Zadar
1331:Turin
1316:Terni
1281:Padua
1271:Milan
1251:Gorla
1246:Genoa
1184:Italy
1175:Kassa
1145:Worms
1135:Wesel
1045:Moers
1030:Mainz
1000:Kleve
960:Hanau
950:Halle
915:Emden
804:Essen
747:Royan
716:Narva
700:Rønne
2243:Chad
2175:Acre
1948:Naha
1933:Kure
1923:Kōfu
1918:Kobe
1898:Gifu
1711:1944
1706:1941
1635:Hull
1580:Bath
1311:Rome
1296:Pisa
1201:Bari
980:Jena
737:Caen
695:Nexø
222:and
142:and
130:The
40:Date
1130:Ulm
206:or
2271::
556:-
540:-
524:-
508:-
492:-
476:-
460:-
444:-
428:-
412:-
396:-
380:-
364:-
348:-
332:-
316:-
158:.
1994:)
1990:(
590:e
583:t
576:v
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