1070:, §1. As to the state of the righteous, he writes, "And there the righteous from the beginning dwell, not ruled by necessity, but enjoying always the contemplation of the blessings which are in their view, and delighting themselves with the expectation of others ever new, and deeming those ever better than these. And that place brings no toils to them. There, there is neither fierce heat, nor cold, nor thorn; but the face of the fathers and the righteous is seen to be always smiling, as they wait for the rest and eternal revival in heaven which succeed this location. And we call it by the name Abraham's bosom." Ibid.
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256:(roughly 500 BCE–70 CE), the concept of a "Bosom of Abraham" first occurs in Jewish papyri that refer to the "Bosom of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob". This reflects the belief of Jewish martyrs who died expecting that: "after our death in this fashion Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob will receive us and all our forefathers will praise us" (4 Maccabees 13:17). Other early Jewish works adapt the Greek mythical picture of
1334:
369:. In Christ's account, the righteous occupied an abode of their own, which was distinctly separated by a chasm from the abode to which the wicked were consigned. The chasm is equivalent to the river in the Jewish version, but in Christ's version there is no angelic ferryman, and it is impossible to pass from one side to the other.
185:.), thus causing them to enjoy rest and security in the bosom of a loving parent. After the same manner was Abraham supposed to act towards his children after the fatigues and troubles of the present life, hence the metaphorical expression "to be in Abraham's Bosom" as meaning to be in repose and happiness with him.
659:
In medieval
Christian art the phase was illustrated literally: images of a number of miniature figures, representing souls, held on the lap of a much larger one occur in a number of contexts. Many Gothic cathedrals, especially in France, have reliefs of Abraham holding such a group (right), which are
268:
in Greek myth, but replaced by an angel. On the other side in the Bosom of
Abraham : "You have escaped from the Abyss and Hades, now you will cross over the crossing place... to all the righteous ones, namely Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Enoch, Elijah and David." In this story Abraham was not idle in
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at table, which prevailed among the Jews during and before the time of Jesus. As at a feast each guest leaned on his left elbow so as to leave his right arm at liberty, and as two or more lay on the same couch, the head of one man was near the breast of the man who lay behind, and he was therefore
439:
2:7). Consequently, identification of Bosom of
Abraham with Paradise is contested. It is not clear whether Matthew 8:11 "And I tell you that many will come from the East and West and will eat with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven." represents an alternative or complementary
611:. However, before the resurrection of Christ, the souls of the righteous were held in Abraham's bosom. Therefore, in Eastern Orthodox belief, while pre-resurrection righteous souls went to Abraham's bosom, post-resurrection righteous souls are admitted to
166:(AD 1583), its origin was traced back to the universal custom of parents to take up into their arms, or place upon their knees, their children when they are fatigued, or return home, and to make them rest by their side during the night (cf.
571:
When
Christians pray that the angels may carry the soul of the departed to "Abraham's Bosom", non-Orthodox Christians might mean it as heaven; as it is taught in the West that those in the Limbo of the Fathers went to heaven after the
304:
of the third century, is said to be "sitting in the bosom of
Abraham", Likewise "In the world to come Abraham sits at the gate of Gehenna, permitting none to enter who bears the seal of the covenant" according to Rabbi Levi in
664:, a figure usually described as "Synagogue", of youngish appearance with closed eyes, holds a group, here of Jewish souls, with Moses carrying the Tablets above the others, held in the large figure's folded arms. In the
718:'s poem "It is a beauteous evening, calm and free", Wordsworth writes about a walk on the beach with his daughter Caroline, who lived in France with her mother and whom he saw only rarely. The poem end with the lines
1119:
Olam
Haneshamoth, or, a View of the intermediate state, as it appears in the records of the Old and New Testament, the Apocraphal [sic] Books; in heathen authors; and the Greek and Latin Fathers. With
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referred to
Abraham's bosom as the place in hades where the righteous await judgment day in delight. Due to a copying error a loose section of Hippolytus' commentary on Luke 16 was misidentified as a
283:, and the wicked that are complete in their transgressions and who will not even be granted mercy at the resurrection. However, since the book is pseudepigraphic to the hand of
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describes travels through the cosmos and divides Sheol into four sections: for the truly righteous, the good, the wicked who are punished till they are released at the
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Among
Christian writers, since the 1st century AD, "the Bosom of Abraham" has gradually ceased to designate a place of imperfect happiness, especially in the Western
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117:. Lazarus and the rich man are shown during life in the top register, in the middle is Lazarus in the Bosom of Abraham, and at the bottom Dives is suffering in
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practice of reclining and eating meals in proximity to other guests, the closest of whom physically was said to lie on the bosom (chest) of the host. (See
349:). Leprous Lazarus is carried by the angels to that destination after death. Abraham's bosom contrasts with the destination of a rich man who ends up in
200:
It was also considered by the Jews of old a mark of special honour and favour for one to be allowed to lie in the bosom of the master of the feast (cf.
192:(1583), whose theory has since been accepted by many scholars, the metaphor "to be in Abraham's Bosom" is derived from the custom of reclining
1203:
722:"Thou liest in Abraham's bosom all the year;/ And worshipp'st at the Temple's inner shrine,/ God being with thee when we know it not."
208:. They conceived of the reward of the righteous dead as a sharing in a banquet given by Abraham, "the father of the faithful" (cf.
313:
suggested that the parable of
Lazarus in Luke 16 preserved a Jewish legend and that Lazarus represented Abraham's servant Eliezer
162:
While commentators generally agree upon the meaning of the "Bosom of
Abraham", they disagree about its origins. Up to the time of
148:
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to identify the righteous dead as being separated from unrighteous in the fires by a river or chasm. In the pseudepigraphical
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Jhn 1:18 No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared .
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likewise referred to the righteous dead as disembodied spirits blissfully awaiting Judgment Day in secret receptacles.
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Fr. Daniel Sysoev, The Law of God: An Introduction to Orthodox Christianity. — New- Jersey, Daniel Sysoev Inc, 2016.
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Since the righteous dead are rewarded in the bosom of Abraham before Judgment Day, this belief represents a form of
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holding little figures of souls in a cloth, representing the "bosom", as angels bring additional figures.
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beliefs (see above), that the dead were gathered into a general tarrying-place, made equivalent with the
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is not mentioned in Luke 16, nor are any of the distinguishing Jewish associations of paradise such as
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teaching holds that the souls of the righteous go directly to Paradise, a state separate from
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version of the Hebrew scriptures from around 200 BC, and therefore so described in the
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asserts confidently that "He's in Arthur's bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's bosom."
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of Jesus, and so Abraham himself is now in heaven. However, the understanding of both
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Later rabbinical sources preserve several traces of the Bosom of Abraham teaching. In
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the Bosom of Abraham, he acted as intercessor for those in the fiery part of Hades.
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also found in other media. In a detached miniature of about 1150, from a work of
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sqq.), and of the highest form of that reward as lying in "Abraham's Bosom".
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The works of Flavius Josephus, the learned and authentic Jewish historian
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holds the group, now representing specifically Christian souls. The
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surrounded by the ranks of angels and saints. At the bottom is
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615:. This contrasts with the Western Christian doctrine of
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preserves the Bosom of Abraham as distinct from heaven.
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The Creed: The Apostolic Faith in Contemporary Theology
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in which the righteous dead await the day of the Lord.
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tradition, and it has generally become synonymous with
291:, naturally the character of Abraham does not feature.
1242:
St. John of Damascus, Exposition of the Faith, IV, 11
1177:"CHURCH FATHERS: A Treatise on the Soul (Tertullian)"
920:
895:
336:
896:James H. Charlesworth (1983). "4 Maccabees 13:7".
855:Gen. 37:36, Ps. 88:13, Ps. 154:17; Eccl. 9:10 etc.
468:'s translation of the Complete Works of Josephus.
921:James H. Charlesworth (1983). "Apoc. Zeph. 9:2".
774:The Westminster Theological Wordbook of the Bible
64:" refers to the place of comfort in the biblical
1935:
1194:
668:, a subject only found in medieval English art,
147:The word found in the Greek text for "bosom" is
1303:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
1079:
1001:Jüdische Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Leben
493:
560:are immediately introduced upon their demise.
215:
1412:
1260:, p. 282 (with illustration), 1993, Yale UP,
1042:The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries Volume 28A
880:Sammelbuch Griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten
1080:Josephus, Flavius; Whiston, William (1841).
776:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 189.
524:with the "Bosom of Abraham" (left), and the
1342:
1067:Against Plato, on the Cause of the Universe
764:
676:is a different but somewhat similar image.
151:, meaning "lap" "bay". This relates to the
1419:
1405:
1317:
1115:
1025:"Paradise": in Freedman, David Noel, ed.,
1231:St. John Chrysostom's Commentary on Luke
1141:
1012:"Gehenna": in Freedman, David Noel, ed.,
484:Abraham's bosom is also mentioned in the
388:), which is generally connected with the
197:said "to lie in the bosom" of the other.
87:The phrase and concept are found in both
1258:The Pictorial arts of the West, 800–1200
644:
497:
106:
25:
19:For the African-American spiritual, see
264:the river has a ferryman equivalent to
102:
16:Place of comfort for the righteous dead
1936:
1289:
1116:Carlisle.), George BENNET (of (1800).
1400:
447:
1328:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
884:Scrapbook Greek documents from Egypt
629:considered the parable allegorical.
599:, according to the teachings of Fr.
548:sometimes used the term to mean the
1040:The Gospel According to Luke X–XXIV
640:
13:
1318:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
490:of uncertain date and authorship.
14:
2000:
1378:
1346:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
587:After Christ's resurrection, the
80:) where the righteous dead await
1579:
1436:
1352:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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1307:
1279:
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923:The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
898:The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
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458:Discourse to the Greeks on Hades
372:The fiery part of Hades (Hebrew
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804:uses another Greek word: γαστρι
444:to the ideas of Luke 16:19–31.
321:The phrase "bosom of Abraham" (
1086:. Simms and Mʻintyre. p.
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849:
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528:(right). (Private collection.)
1:
1148:. Twenty-Third Publications.
1142:Marthaler, Berard L. (1993).
958:Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae
772:. In Gowan, Donald E. (ed.).
747:
684:For the Paul Green play, see
633:, especially prevalent among
1051:Nolland J. Luke 9:21–18:34,
752:
494:Relation to Christian heaven
7:
1027:The Anchor Bible Dictionary
1014:The Anchor Bible Dictionary
725:
341:) occurs only once in the
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216:Abode of the righteous dead
137:Germanisches Nationalmuseum
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427:(found with "paradise" in
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1300:Easton's Bible Dictionary
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1016:, New York Doubleday 1997
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1053:Word Biblical Commentary
666:Bosom of Abraham Trinity
1349:The Jewish Encyclopedia
766:Longenecker, Richard N.
619:, which is rejected in
262:Apocalypse of Zephaniah
21:Bosom of Abraham (song)
1964:New Testament theology
1291:Easton, Matthew George
986:"Bosom of Abraham" in
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635:Seventh-day Adventists
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123:Illuminated manuscript
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1974:Christian terminology
1959:Conceptions of heaven
1954:Christian soteriology
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1100:Augustine of Hippo,
1064:Hippolytus of Rome,
1038:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
609:St. John of Damascus
550:limbo of the fathers
452:In the 3rd century,
254:Second Temple period
153:Second Temple period
103:Origin of the phrase
31:The Bosom of Abraham
1901:Davy Jones's locker
1390:Jewish Encyclopedia
988:Jewish Encyclopedia
974:Legends of the Jews
866:Jewish Encyclopedia
703:after the death of
694:William Shakespeare
662:Hildegard of Bingen
631:Christian mortalism
605:St. John Chrysostom
487:Penitence of Origen
479:particular judgment
421:Apocalypse of Moses
1645:Gate of the Ghosts
1206:2009-02-19 at the
945:Apoc. Zeph. 11:1–2
716:William Wordsworth
686:In Abraham's Bosom
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582:Oriental Orthodoxy
542:Intermediate state
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472:Augustine of Hippo
454:Hippolytus of Rome
448:Early Christianity
437:Book of Revelation
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50:Unterlinden Museum
1979:Jewish underworld
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1569:World of Darkness
1365:Missing or empty
1358:cite encyclopedia
1181:www.newadvent.org
1155:978-0-89622-537-4
1003:Vol.VII 200. 1869
834:ἐν τῷ κόλπῳ αὐτοῦ
800:Greek version of
705:Sir John Falstaff
621:Eastern Orthodoxy
578:Eastern Orthodoxy
338:ton kolpon Abraam
335:
327:τὸν κόλπον Ἀβραάμ
309:67. In the 1860s
135:, c. 1035–1040. (
114:Lazarus and Dives
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1161:14 February
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1103:City of God
770:"Cosmology"
512:, c. 1700.
419:12:2–4 and
380:concept of
252:During the
1938:Categories
1775:Hamistagan
1627:East Asian
1212:Hierotheos
1123:. B. Scott
1105:, Book XII
932:0385096305
907:0385096305
832:Septuagint
798:Septuagint
748:References
562:Tertullian
526:Good Thief
510:All Saints
433:Septuagint
423:), or the
347:Luke 16:22
243:Septuagint
206:next world
202:John 13:23
194:on couches
190:Maldonatus
164:Maldonatus
157:John 13:23
133:Echternach
74:Septuagint
35:Romanesque
1733:Near East
1564:Mandaeism
1488:Purgatory
1445:Abrahamic
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846:, xvi, 22
753:Citations
617:purgatory
574:Ascension
442:cosmology
402:Mark 9:42
332:romanized
297:Kiddushin
229:Judaism,
180:Luke 11:7
93:Christian
1859:Tartarus
1808:Niflheim
1803:Náströnd
1786:European
1741:Egyptian
1699:Hinduism
1682:Buddhism
1590:American
1505:Jahannam
1204:Archived
844:In Lucam
768:(2003).
742:Paradise
726:See also
696:'s play
613:Paradise
534:Catholic
522:Paradise
462:Josephus
409:paradise
384:(Hebrew
141:Nürnberg
1969:Abraham
1883:Tuonela
1834:Elysium
1813:Niflhel
1758:Irkalla
1716:Jainism
1635:Chinese
1615:Xibalba
1603:Mictlān
1542:Gehenna
1522:Abaddon
1517:Judaism
1500:Barzakh
1387:in the
1341::
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732:Elysium
699:Henry V
650:Abraham
429:Genesis
382:Gehenna
378:Mishnah
365:of the
334::
289:Abraham
237:in the
221:Judaism
89:Judaism
38:capital
1916:Turkic
1911:Naraka
1894:Others
1878:Finnic
1839:Erebus
1770:Duzakh
1721:Naraka
1709:Patala
1704:Naraka
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1871:Annwn
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1854:Orcus
1849:Hades
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1547:Sheol
1495:Islam
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1463:Hades
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737:Limbo
597:Hades
593:Sheol
566:Hades
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353:(see
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