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407:. As such, it only came to flourish in Morocco under the Marinid dynasty which succeeded the Almohads. To the Marinids, madrasas played a part in bolstering the political legitimacy of their dynasty. They used this patronage to encourage the loyalty of Fes's influential but fiercely independent religious elites and also to portray themselves to the general population as protectors and promoters of orthodox Sunni Islam. The madrasas also served to train the scholars and elites who operated their state's bureaucracy.
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689:. The courtyard is surrounded on three sides by a narrow gallery, partially hidden by wooden screens between the pillars that uphold the walls of the floor above. The passages of the gallery lead to other rooms, mostly living cells for the madrasa students, around the courtyard. At the northwestern and northeastern corners of the building are stairways that lead to an upper floor which is occupied by more living quarters for students, some of which have windows overlooking the courtyard.
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The exact mechanism that operated this system has disappeared and its workings are unknown today. It was likely powered in some way by running water, and it appears the weights or balls may have been suspended by a lead line attached to the projecting consoles above the windows. The surviving bronze bowls of the clock were removed in the later 20th century for ongoing study, though the structure itself was restored in the early 2000s.
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785:, leading to speculation that the architect was familiar with such models. The gallery passages that run around both sides of the courtyard also connect to corridors that go around the lateral chambers, allowing students from the surrounding rooms to walk directly from the madrasa entrance all the way to the prayer hall without passing through the courtyard, if desired.
954:, although they are less prominent and some of them were likely added after the original madrasa constructions.) Like most Moroccan minarets, it has a square shaft and is topped by a small secondary tower topped with a cupola and a metal finial with spheres. The four facades of the minaret are covered by slightly different variations of the
864:(Fez River) which supplies the city with water. The canal likely also served an aesthetic and possibly symbolic purpose, in addition to further assisting in ablutions. The canal is crossed by two small bridges at the corners of the courtyard which give access to a prayer hall on the other side, bordering the southern side of the courtyard.
421:) was delivered here like in the other most important mosques of the city. As a result, it was fully equipped with all the facilities of a major mosque and religious complex, in addition to extensive decoration. The architecture and decoration of the madrasa is also considered to be the culmination of this type of Marinid architecture.
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and carved pieces assembled together. The main decorative pattern along its major surfaces on either side is centered around eight-pointed stars, from which bands decorated with ivory inlay then interweave and repeat the same pattern across the rest of the surface. The spaces between these bands form
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Each of the 13 consoles under the windows once supported a bronze bowl, seen in old photographs. Historical accounts describe how at every hour a lead ball or weight fell into one of the bowls to make a ringing sound, while at the same time opening the "doors" or shutters of the corresponding window.
585:
The rear entrance, opening from Tala'a
Seghira, leads via a bending corridor to the main courtyard. This entrance is marked by very fine decoration, including a carved wooden canopy situated above a panel of carved stucco decoration. Directly above the doorway is a wooden lintel carved with an Arabic
437:
A number of apocryphal stories about the madrasa's creation exist. One reported story claims that Abu Inan felt guilt about his violent overthrow of his father (Sultan Abu al-Hasan) and gathered a number of religious scholars to advise him on how he could redeem himself and seek forgiveness from God
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The construction project was known to be highly expensive due to the scale and lavishness of the building. One apocryphal anecdote claims that the sultan, upon seeing the full cost of construction presented to him by nervous construction supervisors, ripped up the accounts book and threw it in the
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Both the prayer hall and the lateral study rooms off the main courtyard feature more stucco decoration along their upper walls, as well as windows with coloured glass set into stucco grilles. The mihrab of the prayer hall is itself also richly decorated with carved stucco, as is common to other
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inscriptions (particularly at the middle of pillars and around the eastern and western doorways), and more geometric patterns. The spaces between the pillars of the gallery and below the windows are highlighted with carved cedar wood elements, while the walls above the stucco decoration also
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decoration between them. Above these are twelve windows surrounded by stucco-carved decoration, above which in turn are two rows of projecting wooden corbels. The uppermost row of consoles is longer than the ones below and presumably supported a parapet or canopy that has since disappeared.
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This mosque area is open to the courtyard via the continuation of the gallery arches around the courtyard and its interior is thus visible from outside, although off-limits to non-Muslim visitors. The interior is divided by a transverse row of arches resting on marble and
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Moroccan mosques. The cedar wood doors to the lateral chambers on the northeast and southwest sides of the courtyard are also finely carved, featuring bands of Arabic calligraphy and mostly covered with an with interlacing geometric star pattern with arabesque fillings.
578:('Door of the barefoot'), leads directly to the outer gallery of the main courtyard and from there gives direct access to the student rooms and to the ablutions room in the northeast part of the building. The vestibule of this entrance is covered by a
438:(Allah). They advised him to choose a location in the upper city which then served as a garbage dump and to transform it into a site of religious learning; thus, by purifying and improving a part of the city, he would do the same for his conscience.
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in the east. Abu Inan, who rebelled against his father and declared himself sultan in 1348, did not manage to hold onto all these new eastern territories, but the
Moroccan state was nonetheless prosperous during his reign. He was assassinated by his
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mosaic tiles. Above these motifs is a more extensive band of zellij running around the top of the minaret. The smaller secondary shaft is similarly decorated. This style of minaret is similar to other
Marinid constructions of the era, such as the
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The madrasa is actually a complex of buildings that together provide the facilities required to serve as a madrasa and mosque. The main building has the outline of an irregular rectangle measuring 34.65 by 38.95 metres. It is located between
1303:), with a later replacement now present in the mosque itself. The minbar dates from 1350 to 1355, when the madrasa was being built, and is notable as one of the best Marinid examples of its kind. Minbars, often described or translated as a "
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The Bou Inania
Madrasa was the largest and most important madrasa created by the Marinid dynasty and turned into one of the most important religious institutions of Fes and Morocco. It was the only such madrasa to gain the status of
525:(direction of prayer), to the southeast. This main structure includes the study areas, the mosque or prayer hall area, living quarters for students, and an ablutions room. Directly across the street to the north is another, larger,
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On the east and west sides of the courtyard, aligned with the central fountain, are two large square chambers, measuring 5 metres per side, which served as classrooms. They are entered via archways with intricate muqarnas-carved
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563:. A set of stairs leads into a vestibule and then directly into the main courtyard. The vestibule is covered in the same rich ornamentation as the rest of the madrasa and has a ceiling of cedar wood carved in elaborate
892:, a small room intended for seclusion or private prayer. The room, open to the rest of the prayer hall via a double-arched window, is elevated above the doorway that gives access to the madrasa's rear street entrance.
938:, made of brick, rises above the northwestern corner of the madrasa. The Bou Inania is one of the only madrasas in Morocco to have a minaret, which is one of its most distinguishing features and marks its status as a
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1362:(commissioned between 1189 and 1195), which followed in the same tradition. The arch above the first step of the minbar contains an inscription, now partly disappeared, which refers to Abu Inan and his titles.
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inscriptions. Inside, the chambers are decorated with more stucco-carved surfaces and covered by wooden cupolas with a pattern of radiating ribs. These two lateral chambers have been compared with the
365:
on
January 10, 1358, at the age of 31. His death marked the beginning of the dynasty's definitive decline, with subsequent Marinid rulers being mostly figureheads controlled by powerful viziers.
1241:(timekeeper). The structure is believed to have also been built by Abu Inan alongside his madrasa complex, with one chronicler (al-Djazna'i) reporting that it was completed on May 6, 1357 (14
1189:. Like the rest of the madrasa, it was built by Sultan Abu Inan and served both the madrasa and the wider public. It is supplied with plenty of water which is used to wash away waste from the
582:
clad with stucco decoration featuring a star-like geometric motif. The nearby ablutions room is centered around a rectangular water basin and is surrounded by other small chambers.
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transition to surfaces of cedar wood carved with more arabesque motifs and Arabic inscriptions. Lastly, the top of the walls is overshadows by a wooden canopy supported by corbels.
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1023:-style runs above this along most of the courtyard. The middle and upper walls above this are covered in finely-carved stucco with a harmonious variety of motifs including
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Al-Andalus, that was imitated and emulated in subsequent periods, though later minbars varied in their exact form and in the choice of the decorative methods.
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as a center of learning. It operated autonomously for some time but it's likely that after a couple of centuries the privilege of higher education in Fes was
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1307:", were a mostly a symbolic object in mosques by this period; the design of the Bou Inania minbar did not allow an imam to actually climb it in practice.
907:). The walls around the mihrab are surrounded by typical stucco-carved decoration. In the upper walls are windows with decorative stucco grilles inset with
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The foundation inscription of the building, located inside the prayer hall, indicates that construction on the madrasa started on
December 28, 1350, CE (28
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and the central axis of the building, and another on Tala'a
Seghira at the back. The Tala'a Kebira entrance has a horseshoe arch doorway surrounded by
1957:
Bloom, Jonathan; Toufiq, Ahmed; Carboni, Stefano; Soultanian, Jack; Wilmering, Antoine M.; Minor, Mark D.; Zawacki, Andrew; Hbibi, El
Mostafa (1998).
1940:
Bloom, Jonathan; Toufiq, Ahmed; Carboni, Stefano; Soultanian, Jack; Wilmering, Antoine M.; Minor, Mark D.; Zawacki, Andrew; Hbibi, El
Mostafa (1998).
1995:
453:-type endowments (i.e. properties and other sources of revenue) which were dedicated to funding the madrasa's operations and which were part of its
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1926:(French ed.). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Ediciones El Viso, S.A., Madrid; Ministère des Affaires Culturelles, Royaume du Maroc.
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The madrasa building has undergone numerous restorations, particularly in the 17th century after a damaging earthquake. During the reign of Sultan
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598:
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999:. The style is most evident in the courtyard but repeated in other parts of the building. The lower walls and pillars are covered in elaborate
1448:
Ettahiri, Ahmed (2014). "La Bu'inaniya de Fès, perle des madrasas mérinides". In Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil
Leonetti, Bulle (eds.).
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The madrasa's decoration is highly refined and echoes the style that was established by the slightly earlier and smaller, but equally ornate,
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inscription that names Abu Inan as the madrasa's founder. In this part of the building was also a Qur'anic school for children (similar to a
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681:-paved courtyard slightly deeper than it is wide. At its center is a fountain and basin to assist in ablutions, as is common in many mosque
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494:(1792-1822), entire wall sections were reconstructed. In the 20th century restorations were carried out on the madrasa's decorations.
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1963:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Ediciones El Viso, S.A., Madrid; Ministère des Affaires Culturelles, Royaume du Maroc.
1946:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Ediciones El Viso, S.A., Madrid; Ministère des Affaires Culturelles, Royaume du Maroc.
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included inside it. Some remnants of Marinid-era decoration in stucco and cedar wood have survived on its upper walls inside.
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Carboni, Stefano (1998). "Signification historique et artistique du minbar provenant de la mosquée Koutoubia".
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endowment, it does not appear to have successfully rivaled the prestige and importance of the larger and older
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1350:. This motif is similar to that found on the Kutubiyya minbar and even more so to that of the slightly later
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or "House of the Clock", which features a famous but currently non-functional hydraulic clock on its facade.
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by the early 11th century and was progressively adopted further west. These establishments served to train
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This article is about the madrasa in Fes. For the one by the same name in Meknes (a city to the west), see
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Touri, Abdelaziz; Benaboud, Mhammad; Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma; Lakhdar, Kamal; Mezzine, Mohamed (2010).
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Touri, Abdelaziz; Benaboud, Mhammad; Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma; Lakhdar, Kamal; Mezzine, Mohamed (2010).
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Carved geometric and arabesque details in the cedar wood doors of the lateral chambers off the courtyard
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Coloured glass windows above in the prayer hall, with stucco grilles and surrounding stucco decoration
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1740:(2 ed.). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers.
1496:(2 ed.). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers.
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Corridors that goes around the lateral chambers, linking different parts of the ground-floor gallery
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983:(built further down Tala'a Kebira street) and the minaret of Chellah, both around the same period.
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1231:. The symbolic and practical importance of a clock lay in its use for determining the correct
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river, while proclaiming: "What is beautiful is not expensive, no matter how large the sum."
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Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman
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Despite Sultan Abu Inan's significant investments in the madrasa's architecture and its
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1330:). That minbar established a prestigious artistic tradition, originating from earlier
356:, under whose reign the Marinid empire reached its apogee and expanded all the way to
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today, with the remains of the hydraulic clock (except for the missing metal bowls).
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Along the south edge of the courtyard runs a small canal with water drawn from the
747:, which are guarded by tall cedar wood doors whose surfaces are finely carved with
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
1031:(especially around the windows and in the archways leading to the side chambers),
449:), and finished in 1355 (756 AH). The inscription also notes an extensive list of
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http://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;ma;Mon01;11;en
1725:. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. pp. 71, 453–454.
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other geometric shapes which are filled with wood panels of intricately carved
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Entrance to one of the study rooms off the main courtyard, photographed in 1920
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Like the Kutubiyya minbar, the Bou Inania Minbar is made of wood, including
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The madrasa has two entrances: one on Tala'a Kebira street aligned with the
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1636:. Paris: Les Presse de l'UNESCO: Nouvelles Éditions Latines. p. 113.
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The minbar's form and decoration, like most minbars of Morocco after the
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1227:, a house whose street facade features a famous but not fully understood
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or sloped wood-frame ceiling, as seen in many other Moroccan mosques.
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The far (southern) wall of the prayer hall is marked by the mosque's
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Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle, eds. (2014).
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Courtyard, looking northeast towards one of the lateral study rooms
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has been retained instead. He was the son and successor of Sultan
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1596:(in French). Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. pp. 284–294.
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Decorative canopy over the rear entrance on Tala'a Seghira street
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1839:. Translated by Radzinowicz, David. Flammarion. pp. 66–68.
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Opposite the main doorway of the madrasa is the entrance to the
2010:
1304:
1291:
1257:) intricately carved in cedar wood, with panels of wood-carved
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942:. (Other Marinid madrasas in Morocco with minarets include the
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278:. It is the only madrasa in Morocco which also functioned as a
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house), directly opposite the main entrance of the madrasa on
403:" religious doctrines, including the doctrine espoused by the
332:) is derived from the name of its founder, the Marinid sultan
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903:
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382:
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Terrasse, Henri (1962). "La médersa mérinide de Fès Jdid".
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Transverse view of the prayer hall, with the window of the
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Another doorway to the left of the main entrance, known as
526:
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1544:. Charlottesville, VA: The Baraka Press. pp. 129–131.
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and other expensive woods, and is decorated with a mix of
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Le Maroc andalou : à la découverte d'un art de vivre
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and Tala'a Seghira, two of the most important streets of
377:, a type of institution which originated in northeastern
263:
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1318:, which was commissioned in 1137 by the Almoravid ruler
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or "Friday mosque", which meant that the Friday sermon (
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1452:(in French). Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 474–481.
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of the archway at the entrance of the lateral chambers
821:
Wooden cupola ceiling over one of the lateral chambers
309:
1895:"L'horloge hydraulique de Fès pratiquement restaurée"
911:. The two aisles of the mosque are each covered by a
1145:
972:. The empty spaces inside the motif are filled with
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columns. At the western end of the prayer hall is a
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Courtyard, looking southeast towards the prayer hall
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The building is centered around a large rectangular
650:
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245:
1772:
Fès mérinide: Une capitale pour les arts, 1276-1465
519:, and is aligned with what was then considered the
1871:Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne
1450:Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne
1196:
1542:A practical guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco
701:Courtyard, looking northwest towards the entrance
620:Vestibule of the madrasa (Tala'a Kebira entrance)
470:
3380:
2007:photos from Manar al-Athar Digital Photo Archive
506:General floor plan of the madrasa (ground level)
67:historic site, tourist attraction, active mosque
3217:Old Mosque (Mosque of the Kasbah of the Udayas)
1314:period, was ultimately derived from the famous
1295:of the madrasa's mosque is today housed at the
901:, a niche symbolizing the direction of prayer (
282:. It is widely acknowledged as a high point of
2139:École nationale des sciences appliquées de Fès
1978:Discover Islamic Art, Museum with no Frontiers
1834:
1666:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period
1235:, and the system was overseen by the mosque's
424:
2909:
2808:For the "Mechouars" of the Royal Palace, see
2026:
1614:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 15–17.
1493:Andalusian Morocco: A Discovery in Living Art
1285:Details of the minbar's flank in a 1921 photo
1095:, along the walls and arches of the courtyard
2494:Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts & Crafts
1873:. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 492–493.
1223:Also opposite the Madrasa Bou Inania is the
1720:
655:, the secondary entrance from Tala'a Kebira
2916:
2902:
2788:Place Bou Jeloud (Place Pacha el-Baghdadi)
2033:
2019:
797:Doorways to one of the lateral study rooms
399:world was generally antithetical to more "
1668:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1663:
302:The minaret of the madrasa, seen through
2949:Al-Anouar Mosque (Mosque of the Sheikhs)
2260:Al-Anouar Mosque (Mosque of the Sheikhs)
1815:
1798:, Museum With No Frontiers, 2020. 2020.
1774:(in French). Lienart. pp. 210–249.
1609:
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737:The gallery passage around the courtyard
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344:for short). It was originally named the
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2576:Funduq al-Najjarin (Foundouk Nejjarine)
1921:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1835:Degeorge, Gérard; Porter, Yves (2001).
1794:Mohamed Mezzine "Buinaniya Madrasa" in
1634:Fès: Joyau de la civilisation islamique
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809:Interior of one of the lateral chambers
373:The Marinids were prolific builders of
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3100:Kasbah Mosque (Moulay al-Yazid Mosque)
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2005:Bou Inania Madrasa المدرسة البوعنانية
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2944:Ain al-Kheil Mosque (Al-Azhar Mosque)
2897:
2857:Mosara Garden (Marinid Royal Gardens)
2596:Funduq Shamma'in (Foundouk Chemmaïne)
2265:Ain al-Kheil Mosque (Al-Azhar Mosque)
2014:
1917:
1915:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1695:
1659:
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1655:
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1517:
1515:
1513:
1249:). The facade of the building has 13
1185:") for washing limbs and face before
858:one of the canals branching from the
673:Main courtyard and adjoining chambers
369:Context: the role of Marinid madrasas
2134:Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
1960:The Minbar from the Kutubiyya Mosque
1950:
1943:The Minbar from the Kutubiyya Mosque
1853:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1605:
1603:
1466:
487:centralized through the Qarawiyyin.
334:Faris ibn Ali Abu Inan al-Mutawakkil
3404:Tourist attractions in Fez, Morocco
3340:Sidi Ben Youssef Mosque (Essaouira)
3130:Zawiya of Sidi Ben Sliman al-Jazuli
1930:
1828:
1806:
1594:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident
1394:
310:Founder and patron: Sultan Abu Inan
235:
13:
3039:Zawiya of Sidi Abdelkader al-Fassi
2448:Zawiya of Sidi Abdelkader al-Fassi
1912:
1754:
1729:
1714:
1650:
1610:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996).
1548:
1510:
758:fillings as well as with bands of
23:Madrasa and mosque in Fes, Morocco
14:
3415:
3335:Mosque (zawiya) of Moulay Idris I
2883:Category:People from Fez, Morocco
1971:
1924:Le Minbar de la Mosquée Kutubiyya
1682:
1618:
1600:
3063:
3057:
2040:
1133:
1112:
1100:
1079:
1045:
1005:mosaic tilework forming complex
826:
814:
802:
790:
730:
718:
706:
694:
660:
643:
625:
613:
597:
463:(an Islamic charitable trust).
43:
3049:Zawiya of Sidi Taoudi Ben Souda
2508:Palaces & historic mansions
2468:Zawiya of Sidi Taoudi Ben Souda
1887:
1788:
497:
3044:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani
2458:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed esh-Shawi
2453:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani
1984:)(retrieved November 12, 2008)
1316:minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque
838:
471:Later history and restorations
1:
1387:
1273:
1071:decoration (above) featuring
986:
286:architecture and of historic
2463:Zawiya of Sidi Ali Boughaleb
960:motif (vaguely similar to a
548:
539:. Right next to this is the
7:
3310:Great Mosque of Chefchaouen
3004:Grand Mosque of Fes el-Jdid
2776:Streets, souqs, and squares
2734:Bab Dekkakin (Bab es-Sebaa)
2663:Fortresses & city walls
2316:Great Mosque of Fes el-Jdid
2218:World Sacred Music Festival
2177:Maghreb de Fes (basketball)
2129:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1837:The Art of the Islamic Tile
1721:Le Tourneau, Roger (1949).
1696:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
1365:
1215:The restored facade of the
888:
873:
683:
651:
574:
531:
425:Foundation and construction
327:
246:
35:المدرسة البوعنانية (Arabic)
18:Bou Inania Madrasa (Meknes)
10:
3420:
3253:Mohammed V Mosque, Tangier
3120:Zawiya of Sidi Abd el-Aziz
1988:The madrasa on archnet.org
1382:List of mosques in Morocco
1204:
918:
638:ceiling over the vestibule
313:
293:
255:
49:Main courtyard and minaret
37:ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⴰⵏⵉⵢⴰ (Berber)
15:
3353:
3302:
3266:
3230:
3174:
3138:
3072:
3055:
3034:Zawiya of Moulay Idris II
2931:
2874:
2819:
2775:
2709:
2661:
2635:
2609:
2568:
2507:
2481:
2443:Zawiya of Moulay Idris II
2438:Mausoleum of Sidi Harazem
2430:
2374:
2353:
2308:
2255:Mosque of the Andalusians
2242:
2235:
2226:
2210:
2185:
2159:
2152:
2121:
2100:
2077:
2048:
1700:. Yale University Press.
1664:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987).
1592:Marçais, Georges (1954).
1377:List of mosques in Africa
1067:-type tiles (middle) and
346:Madrasa al-Muttawakkiliya
212:
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179:
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109:
95:
85:
71:
63:
58:
54:
42:
33:
28:
3389:Madrasas in Fez, Morocco
3125:Zawiya of Sidi Bel Abbes
2431:Mausoleums & zawiyas
1632:Gaudio, Attilio (1982).
1540:Parker, Richard (1981).
779:Madrasa of Sultan Hassan
247:al-madrasa ʾabū ʿinānīya
3394:Mosques in Fez, Morocco
3238:Grand Mosque of Tangier
2525:Dar Ba Mohammed Chergui
2069:Mellah (Jewish quarter)
1993:Patterns in Islamic art
1901:(in French). 2003-07-08
1770:Salmon, Xavier (2021).
752:geometric star patterns
3330:Great Mosque of Asilah
3151:Grand Mosque of Meknes
3146:Bab Berdieyinne Mosque
3024:Moulay Abdallah Mosque
3009:Kasbah an-Nouar Mosque
2473:Tomb of Sidi Bel Kacem
2397:Madrasa of Fes el-Jdid
2366:Al Fassiyine Synagogue
2341:Moulay Abdallah Mosque
1286:
1220:
1171:
948:Madrasa of Fes el-Jdid
931:
878:
851:
507:
434:
395:). The madrasa in the
306:
3315:Great Mosque of Oujda
3207:Moulay Slimane Mosque
3202:Lalla Soukaina Mosque
2852:Maristan of Sidi Frej
2766:Fortifications of Fez
2764:For other gates, see
2601:Funduq al-Tetwaniyyin
2144:Collège Moulay Idriss
1612:New Islamic Dynasties
1284:
1214:
1157:
1146:The ablutions house (
970:Moroccan architecture
950:, and the madrasa of
926:
870:
846:
604:The main entrance on
505:
432:
413:congregational mosque
301:
288:Moroccan architecture
280:congregational mosque
3399:Marinid architecture
3325:Great Mosque of Taza
3320:Great Mosque of Salé
3294:Ould el-Hamra Mosque
3258:Sidi Bou Abid Mosque
3197:Great Mosque (Rabat)
3014:Lalla ez-Zhar Mosque
2964:Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque
2939:Abu al-Hassan Mosque
2862:Oued Fes (Fez River)
2636:Hammams (bathhouses)
2331:Lalla ez-Zhar Mosque
2270:Abu al-Hassan Mosque
2250:Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque
1796:Discover Islamic Art
877:visible on the right
847:The prayer hall and
771:madrasa architecture
160:Construction started
133:34.06194°N 4.98278°W
3279:Al-Mohammadi Mosque
3080:Bab Doukkala Mosque
3019:Lalla Ghriba Mosque
2810:Royal Palace of Fez
2627:Sidi Moussa Tannery
2617:Ain Azliten Tannery
2569:Funduqs (foundouks)
2515:Royal Palace of Fez
2382:Al-Attarine Madrasa
2361:Ibn Danan Synagogue
2336:Lalla Ghriba Mosque
2198:Salle 11th November
2113:Fes railway station
1089:carving, including
1057:tilework featuring
1033:Arabic calligraphic
993:Madrasa al-'Attarin
760:Arabic calligraphic
389:and jurisprudence (
270:, built in 1350–55
228:Bu 'Inaniya Madrasa
204:cedar wood, brick,
129: /
86:Architectural style
59:General information
3368:Mosques by country
3161:Lalla Aouda Mosque
3095:Ben Youssef Mosque
2989:Chrabliyine Mosque
2979:Bou Inania Madrasa
2925:Mosques in Morocco
2783:Kissariat al-Kifah
2643:Hammam al-Mokhfiya
2407:Mesbahiyya Madrasa
2392:Cherratine Madrasa
2387:Bou Inania Madrasa
2285:Chrabliyine Mosque
1998:2012-02-18 at the
1287:
1221:
1172:
1073:Arabic calligraphy
1009:, while a band of
1007:geometric patterns
981:Chrabliyine Mosque
932:
879:
856:Oued el-Lemtiyyin,
852:
508:
435:
385:, particularly in
307:
236:المدرسة البوعنانية
224:Bou Inania Madrasa
138:34.06194; -4.98278
29:Bou Inania Madrasa
3376:
3375:
3248:Lalla Abla Mosque
3222:Zawiya of Chellah
3115:Mosque of the Cat
2984:Bou Jeloud Mosque
2974:Bab Guissa Mosque
2969:Andalusian Mosque
2891:
2890:
2870:
2869:
2842:Jnan Sbil Gardens
2422:Sba'iyyin Madrasa
2349:
2348:
2280:Bou Jeloud Mosque
2275:Bab Guissa Mosque
2206:
2205:
1372:Lists of mosques
1197:The water clock (
1124:sculpting in the
997:Madrasa al-Sahrij
968:shape) common to
561:stucco decoration
350:Madrasa Bu Inania
256:ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⵓ ⵉⵏⴰⵏⵉⵢⴰ
244:
220:
219:
196:Technical details
163:28 December 1350
3411:
3363:Islam in Morocco
3274:Hassan II Mosque
3156:Nejjarine Mosque
3110:Mouassine Mosque
3105:Kutubiyya Mosque
3090:Ben Salah Mosque
3067:
3061:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2648:Hammam Ben Abbad
2417:Saffarin Madrasa
2240:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2157:
2156:
2108:Fès–Saïs Airport
2035:
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2012:
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1463:
1445:
1297:Dar Batha Museum
1243:Djumada al-awwal
1158:Entrance to the
1137:
1116:
1104:
1083:
1059:geometric motifs
1049:
944:Saffarin Madrasa
891:
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773:further east in
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3187:As-Sunna Mosque
3170:
3134:
3068:
3062:
3053:
2959:Al-Hamra Mosque
2954:Al-Beida Mosque
2927:
2922:
2892:
2887:
2866:
2820:Other landmarks
2815:
2798:Place Seffarine
2793:Place Nejjarine
2771:
2705:
2696:Kasbah Cherarda
2691:Kasbah An-Nouar
2657:
2653:Hammam Saffarin
2631:
2622:Chouara Tannery
2605:
2586:Funduq Kettanin
2564:
2503:
2477:
2426:
2402:Madrasa el-Oued
2370:
2345:
2326:Al-Hamra Mosque
2321:Al-Beida Mosque
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2222:
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2000:Wayback Machine
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3289:Assunna Mosque
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3284:Al-Quds Mosque
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3255:
3250:
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3212:Moulina Mosque
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3182:Ahl Fas Mosque
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3085:Barrima Mosque
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2999:El-Oued Mosque
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2724:Bab Bou Jeloud
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2701:Kasbah Tamdert
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1301:Bab Bou Jeloud
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3345:Tinmal Mosque
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2847:Marinid Tombs
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2837:Dar al-Makina
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2832:Dar al-Magana
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2560:Mnebhi Palace
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2013:
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1991:
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1880:9782350314907
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1356:Kasbah Mosque
1353:
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1321:
1320:Ali ibn Yusuf
1317:
1313:
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1298:
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1289:The original
1283:
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1261:and stylized
1260:
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1244:
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1234:
1230:
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1225:Dar al-Magana
1218:
1217:Dar al-Magana
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1207:Dar al-Magana
1200:
1199:Dar al-Magana
1194:
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1168:Tala'a Kebira
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940:Friday mosque
937:
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606:Tala'a Kebira
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542:Dar al-Magana
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513:Tala'a Kebira
504:
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348:but the name
347:
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84:
81:
77:
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70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
46:
41:
32:
27:
19:
3303:Other cities
3192:Hassan Tower
3029:R'cif Mosque
2994:Diwan Mosque
2978:
2827:Borj Neffara
2807:
2763:
2591:Funduq Sagha
2581:Funduq Barka
2555:Jamai Palace
2540:Dar Belghazi
2535:Dar el-Beida
2489:Batha Museum
2386:
2300:R'cif Mosque
2290:Diwan Mosque
2186:Sport venues
2172:Wydad de Fès
2049:Subdivisions
2042:Fez, Morocco
1959:
1952:
1942:
1923:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:L'Economiste
1898:
1889:
1870:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1771:
1737:
1731:
1722:
1716:
1697:
1665:
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1611:
1593:
1541:
1492:
1449:
1336:
1309:
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1288:
1275:
1268:
1236:
1222:
1198:
1175:
1173:
1159:
1147:
1119:
1090:
1062:
1052:
1038:
1018:
1015:calligraphic
1000:
990:
973:
962:fleur-de-lys
957:darj wa ktaf
955:
933:
912:
902:
896:
894:
880:
859:
855:
853:
764:
741:
676:
633:
587:
584:
580:barrel vault
571:
564:
554:
552:
540:
532:dar al-wuḍūʾ
520:
509:
498:Architecture
492:Mulay Sliman
489:
484:
476:
474:
465:
459:
455:
440:
436:
416:
409:
390:
372:
354:Abu al-Hasan
349:
345:
341:
337:
325:
321:
319:
227:
223:
221:
2749:Bab Mahrouk
2719:Bab al-Amer
2686:Dar Dbibegh
2309:Fes el-Jdid
2243:Fes el-Bali
2193:Fez Stadium
2061:Fes el-Jdid
2056:Fes el-Bali
1181:("house of
1160:Dar al-Wudu
1148:Dar al-Wudu
1017:tiles in a
839:Prayer hall
769:of classic
749:interlacing
652:Bab al-Ḥafa
575:Bab al-Ḥafa
517:Fes el-Bali
387:Islamic law
336:(generally
328:Bū 'Ināniya
290:generally.
213:Floor count
136: /
111:Coordinates
3383:Categories
3267:Casablanca
2744:Bab Guissa
2729:Bab Chorfa
2671:City walls
2545:Dar Glaoui
2520:Dar Adiyel
2354:Synagogues
1905:2020-02-18
1846:208010876X
1824:: 246–253.
1818:Al-Andalus
1675:0521337674
1643:2723301591
1388:References
1348:arabesques
1328:Al-Andalus
1259:arabesques
1025:arabesques
1011:epigraphic
987:Decoration
481:Qarawiyyin
322:Bou Inania
121:34°03′43″N
3073:Marrakesh
2759:Bab Segma
2739:Bab Ftouh
2676:Borj Nord
2610:Tanneries
2550:Dar Moqri
2530:Dar Batha
2228:Landmarks
2122:Education
2101:Transport
1360:Marrakesh
1343:marquetry
1326:, Spain (
1312:Almoravid
1183:ablutions
1164:ablutions
1064:sgraffito
1020:sgraffito
756:arabesque
549:Entrances
527:ablutions
401:heterodox
338:Abou Inan
320:The name
241:romanized
180:Completed
149:Named for
124:4°58′58″W
3358:Category
2681:Borj Sud
2375:Madrasas
2087:Timeline
1996:Archived
1982:archived
1366:See also
1251:consoles
1238:muwaqqit
1191:latrines
1126:intrados
1121:Muqarnas
1092:muqarnas
1029:muqarnas
966:palmette
861:Oued Fes
745:intrados
635:muqarnas
566:muqarnas
537:latrines
485:de facto
451:mortmain
375:madrasas
342:Abu Inan
201:Material
96:Location
3231:Tangier
2482:Museums
2236:Mosques
2211:Culture
2167:MAS Fez
2079:History
1352:Almohad
1332:Umayyad
1324:Cordoba
1255:corbels
1187:prayers
1176:dar al-
952:Chellah
936:minaret
929:minaret
919:Minaret
913:berchla
632:Wooden
535:) with
529:house (
443:Ramadan
294:History
284:Marinid
268:Morocco
260:madrasa
258:) is a
243::
169:Ramadan
152:Sultan
104:Morocco
90:Moorish
76:madrasa
3139:Meknes
2875:People
2153:Sports
1877:
1843:
1778:
1744:
1704:
1672:
1640:
1500:
1456:
1305:pulpit
1292:minbar
1276:minbar
1245:, 758
1170:street
1087:Stucco
1069:stucco
1054:Zellij
1002:zellij
975:zellij
946:, the
898:mihrab
849:mihrab
679:marble
608:street
589:kuttab
556:mihrab
456:habous
418:khutba
363:vizier
232:Arabic
208:, tile
206:stucco
80:mosque
64:Status
3175:Rabat
2711:Gates
2160:Clubs
1339:ebony
1263:Kufic
1178:wuḍūʾ
904:qibla
783:Cairo
775:Egypt
754:with
685:sahns
522:qibla
397:Sunni
358:Tunis
187:(756
183:1355
2881:See
1875:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1274:The
995:and
934:The
927:The
884:onyx
765:iwan
477:waqf
460:waqf
445:751
392:fiqh
379:Iran
222:The
171:751
167:(28
78:and
72:Type
2932:Fez
1358:in
1013:or
964:or
781:in
569:.
458:or
340:or
274:by
264:Fes
262:in
226:or
100:Fes
3385::
1932:^
1914:^
1897:.
1855:^
1822:29
1820:.
1808:^
1756:^
1684:^
1652:^
1620:^
1602:^
1550:^
1512:^
1468:^
1396:^
1247:AH
1027:,
592:).
447:AH
272:CE
266:,
254::
250:;
238:,
234::
189:AH
185:CE
173:AH
165:CE
102:,
2917:e
2910:t
2903:v
2034:e
2027:t
2020:v
1980:(
1908:.
1883:.
1849:.
1784:.
1750:.
1710:.
1678:.
1646:.
1506:.
1462:.
1253:(
1201:)
1162:(
1150:)
767:s
324:(
230:(
216:2
191:)
175:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
