61:
1670:. The act added 50,000 acres (20,000 ha) to the Boundary Waters, to then encompasses 1,098,057 acres (444,368 ha), and extended greater wilderness protection to the area. The name was changed from the Boundary Waters Canoe Area to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. The Act banned logging, mineral prospecting, and mining, and all but bans snowmobile use (two snowmobile routes remain to access Canada). The act limited motorboat use to about two dozen lakes, limited the size of motors, and regulated the number of motorboats and long established motorized
1859:
1615:. This area became the nucleus of the BWCAW. In 1930, Congress passed the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act, which prohibited logging and dams within the area to preserve its natural water levels. Through additional land purchases and shifts in boundaries, the amount of protected land owned by the government in the area grew even further. In 1938, the area's borders were expanded and altered (roughly matching those of the present day BWCAW), and it was renamed the Superior Roadless Primitive Area.
1775:
do not require advance reservation and can be filled out at BWCAW entry points. From
October 1 through April 30, permit reservations are not necessary, but a permit must be filled out at the permit stations located at each entry point. Each permit must specify the trip leader, the specific entry point and the day of entry. The permits are for an indefinite length, although visitors are only allowed one entry into the wilderness and cannot stay in one campsite for more than 14 nights.
1289:
1093:
1432:
1663:(D-MN) introduced a bill that if passed would have established a Boundary Waters Wilderness Area of 625,000 acres (253,000 ha) and a Boundary Waters National Recreation Area (NRA) of 527,000 acres (213,000 ha), permitting logging and mechanized travel in the latter area and removing from wilderness designation a number of large scenic lakes such as La Croix, Basswood, Saganaga, and Seagull. The bill was strongly opposed by environmentalists.
68:
45:
1847:
1784:
5598:
1748:
1500:
1348:
235:
1678:
Lake
Vermilion to Trout Lake, during the period ending January 1, 1984. Following said date, unless the Secretary determines that there is no feasible non-motorized means of transporting boats across the portages to reach the lakes previously served by the portages listed above, he shall terminate all such motorized use of each portage listed above.
1607:
soon reached out to the
Ontario government to encourage them to preserve some of the area's land on their side of the border, noting that the area could be "an international forest reserve and park of very great beauty and interest". This collaboration led to the creation of the Superior National Forest and the Quetico Provincial Park in 1909.
1920:
gaining this status for the BWCAW since 2008. According to the US forest service "This designation confirms what people in the area have enjoyed for thousands of years. Dark skies, starry nights, and astonishing northern lights displays have been part of the experience long before the area was designated wilderness..."
1774:
Permits are required for all overnight visits to the BWCAW. Quota permits are required for groups taking an overnight paddle, motor, or hiking trip, or a motorized day-use trip into the BWCAW from May 1 through
September 30. These permits must be reserved in advance. Day use paddle and hiking permits
1610:
The BWCAW itself was formed gradually through a series of actions. By the early 1920s, roads had begun to be built through the
Superior National Forest to promote public access to the area for recreation. In 1926 a section of 640,000 acres (260,000 ha) within the Superior National Forest was set
276:
Nearly 20% of the BWCAW's total area, or 190,000 acres (77,000 ha), is water. Within the borders of the area are over 1,100 lakes and hundreds of miles of rivers and streams. Much of the other 80% of the area is forest. The BWCAW contains the largest remaining area of uncut forest in the eastern
1677:
1989 Truck portage testing. According to the 1978 BWCAW Act: Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to require the termination of the existing operation of motor vehicles to assist in the transport of boats across the portages from Sucker Lake to
Basswood Lake, from Fall Lake to Basswood Lake, and from
1655:
Some aspects of the BWCAW's management and conservation have been controversial. A 1971 rule limiting visitors to "designated campsites" on heavy-use routes is instituted by the U.S. Forest
Service. Cans and glass bottles are prohibited from the Boundary Waters. According to the U.S. Forest Service,
1606:
persuaded the state to reserve 500,000 acres (200,000 ha) of land near the BWCAW from being sold to loggers. In 1905 he visited the area on a canoe trip and was impressed by the area's natural beauty. He was able to save another 141,000 acres (57,000 ha) from being sold for development. He
1919:
In 2020 the BWCA became a designated Dark Sky
Sanctuary, one of 20 in the world. "It differs from other Dark Sky designations in that sanctuaries are the most remote and often darkest places in the world whose conservation state is 'most fragile'." The U.S. Forest Service had been working towards
1593:
The BWCAW area remained largely undeveloped until gold, silver and iron were found in the surrounding area during the 1870s, 1880s and 1890s. Logging in the area began around the same time to supply lumber to support the mining industries, with production peaking in the late 1910s and gradually
1482:
located on a large overlooking rock wall on North Hegman Lake was most likely created by the Ojibwe. The pictograph appears to represent Ojibwe meridian constellations visible in winter during the early evening, knowledge of which may have been useful for navigating in the deep woods during the
1318:
The first major wildfire within the blowdown area occurred in August 2005, burning 1,335 acres (540 ha) between Alpine Lake and
Seagull Lake in the northeastern BWCAW. In 2006, two fires at Cavity Lake and Turtle Lake burned more than 30,000 acres (12,000 ha). In May 2007, the
1697:
1999 – As a result of the
Friends of the Boundary Waters lawsuit against the 1992 BWCAW Management Plan, the courts redefined the phrase ‘that particular lake’ and exempt permits were eliminated for property owners, resorts and outfitters on the Moose, Farm and Seagull Chain of Lakes.
1303:, swept across Minnesota, central Ontario, and southern Quebec. Winds as high as 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) knocked down millions of trees, affecting about 370,000 acres (150,000 ha) within the BWCAW and injuring 60 people. This event became known officially as the
1910:
are also found. White sucker, burbot, and whitefish also occur. Limited stocking of walleye and lake trout is done on some lakes where natural recruitment is limited. The wilderness contains one of the largest concentrations of native lake trout lakes in the lower 48 states.
1835:
Canoeing or other non-motorized boating is the most popular method of exploring the BWCAW. A 2007 study found more than 94% of overnight visitors used a non-motorized boat to travel through the park. The BWCAW's size and abundance of campsites, lakes, rivers and
1823:. The Kekekabic Trail continues for another 39 miles (63 km), beginning near the Gunflint Trail and passing through the center of the BWCAW before exiting it near Snowbank Lake. Both the Border Route and the Kekekabic Trail are part of the longer
1618:
Additional laws focused on protecting the area's rustic and undeveloped character. In 1948, the Thye-Blatnik Bill authorized the government to purchase the few remaining privately owned homes and resorts within the area. In 1949, President
1738:
filed an application for a "mineral withdrawal" that will put a hold on the development of the mine proposal while the environmental impacts are studied. The completed study could lead to a 20-year ban on mining upstream from the BWCAW.
1647:, a permit-based quota system for recreational access, and restrictions on logging and mining within the area. That same year the Forest Service began referring to it as "BWCAW" to recognize its wilderness character.
1439:
The north country was inhabited by the Paleo Indian culture circa 8000 BC. Limited artifacts have been found in the BWCAW from that era and the subsequent Archaic period circa 6000 years ago. Artifacts from the
2543:
2133:
1323:
started near the location of the Cavity Lake fire, eventually covering 76,000 acres (31,000 ha) in Minnesota and Ontario and becoming the most extensive wildfire in Minnesota in 90 years. In 2011, the
4949:
4944:
1328:
ultimately grew to over 92,000 acres (37,000 ha), spreading beyond the wilderness boundary to threaten homes and businesses. Smoke from the Pagami Creek Fire drifted east and south as far as the
4989:
4979:
4959:
3423:
1755:
The BWCAW attracts over 150,000 visitors per year. It contains more than 2,000 backcountry campsites, 1,200 miles (1,900 km) of canoe routes, and 12 different hiking trails and is popular for
4984:
4974:
4954:
1722:, which underlies part of northeastern Minnesota. Resource companies have proposed mines south and west of the BWCAW upstream of the wilderness and within its watershed, leading to concerns that
2291:, p. 18, Table 4.1. This figure is for solid contiguous areas of virgin forest; it does not include some smaller areas within cut-over forests, nor some shoreline areas of virgin woods.
4994:
1815:
are the two longest trails running through the BWCAW. The Border Route Trail runs east–west for over 65 miles (105 km) through the eastern BWCAW, beginning at the northern end of the
4964:
1701:
1999 – Trucks return to two of the three truck portages, Prairie and Trout Lake portages, as a result of Congressman Oberstar including this provision in his 1998 Transportation Bill.
5534:
4104:
1694:
1994 – As a result of the Friends of the Boundary Waters lawsuit against the 1992 BWCAW Management Plan, canoe rests, pontoon boats and sailboats are banned from the Boundary Waters.
1704:
A snowmobile trail located 400 feet (120 m) from the border provoked a lawsuit in 2006. In 2015, a judge ruled that the snowmobile trail did not violate the Wilderness Act.
3400:
4447:
4417:
4124:
1311:
and portages were quickly cleared after the storm, an increased risk of wildfire due to the large number of downed trees became a concern. The U.S. Forest Service undertook
5625:
4442:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4382:
2429:
1840:
trails allow for almost countless options for different routes. Many online maps and guidebooks offer suggested routes based on entry point, duration and difficulty.
4437:
4432:
4422:
4387:
4207:
4109:
3511:
2937:
2533:
1684:
1990 – Friends of the Boundary Waters, Sierra Club and six other environmental groups sue to have trucks removed; CWCS joins the U S Forest Service as intervenors.
4427:
5640:
1718:
It has been known for decades that there are about four billion tons of copper and nickel ore, "one of the world's largest undeveloped mineral deposits", in the
2504:
1551:). In 1821 the North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay Company and the center of the fur trade moved even further north to the posts around Hudson Bay.
3329:
4412:
1520:
4367:
4061:
1735:
5357:
5000:
3486:
1418:
carried by deer which is harmful to both caribou and moose populations. Very rare sightings have been reported in nearby areas as recently as the 1980s.
60:
119:
5635:
5630:
1681:
1989 – U S Forest Service with the University of MN conduct feasibility tests on the three truck portages. It is determined that trucks should remain.
3898:
2322:
1944:, known as the "Rootbeer Lady", lived in the BWCAW for 56 years (alone after 1948) until her death in 1986, and was the last resident of the BWCA.
1139:
from the Boundary Waters about 17,000 years ago. The resulting depressions in the landscape later filled with water, becoming the lakes of today.
5438:
4772:
4671:
4372:
1929:
1796:
4498:
4490:
3408:
1726:
could damage the wilderness. In December 2016 the federal government proposed banning mining for 20 years while the subject was studied. The
4860:
2903:
5650:
3551:
3148:
2997:
2101:
Podruchny, Carolyn (June 2002). "Baptizing Novices: Ritual Moments among French Canadian Voyageurs in the Montreal Fur Trade, 1780–1821".
5408:
4855:
1575:
5418:
5010:
3322:
2460:
1674:. It called for limiting the number of motorized lakes to 16 in 1984, and 14 in 1999, totaling about 24% of the area's water acreage.
265:
provincial parks make up a large area of contiguous wilderness lakes and forests called the "Quetico-Superior country", or simply the
4738:
4626:
3536:
3481:
1687:
1992 – Appeals court sides with U S Forest Service that trucks should remain. Friends of the Boundary Waters and coalition appeal to
1636:
219:
5255:
3541:
1950:, is recognized today as a leading advocate for the preservation of the Quetico-Superior lake area and what would become the BWCA.
3649:
3350:
2786:
1632:
3242:
3011:
5645:
5476:
5015:
4467:
4457:
4071:
3546:
3471:
3466:
3461:
2237:
1858:
1547:
was held at Grand Portage in 1803, after which the North West Company moved its operations further north to Fort William (now
5325:
5005:
3609:
3531:
3315:
3106:
3081:
3056:
2653:
2085:
1344:
threatened access and spread rapidly to the south of its origin, and other smaller fires were burning within the wilderness.
4091:
3196:
5577:
5529:
4970:
4940:
4056:
4046:
3728:
3413:
3338:
2437:
1938:, local author and renowned outdoorswoman who moved to the Boundary Waters in 1928 and helped establish the Gunflint Lodge.
1583:
1488:
1304:
1215:
351:, Echo Trail (County Road 116) and Fernberg Road (County Road 18) allow access to many wilderness entry points.
4765:
4704:
4327:
4066:
4051:
3793:
3768:
3629:
3476:
1824:
1587:
1281:, woods that may have burned but have never been logged. Before fire suppression efforts began during the 20th century,
4865:
4720:
4252:
3624:
3594:
3561:
3556:
3501:
3491:
3456:
1627:
from flying over the area below 4,000 feet. The area was officially named the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in 1958. The
5655:
5342:
3377:
3265:
2821:
2756:
2698:
2220:
2192:
2057:
347:. The two nearby communities with most visitor services are Ely and Grand Marais. Several historic roads such as the
5601:
4139:
3988:
3634:
3506:
3451:
3174:
1484:
1207:
3359:
2478:
1285:
were a natural part of the Boundary Waters ecosystem, with recurrence intervals of 30 to 300 years in most areas.
379:
368:
5516:
5448:
5428:
4850:
4631:
4546:
4262:
4227:
4149:
4076:
3748:
3571:
3496:
3385:
1540:
1340:, Poland, Ukraine, and Russia. In 2021, it was closed due to wildfire for the first time since the 1970s, as the
246:
2735:
4931:
4758:
4307:
4257:
3938:
3713:
30:
1656:
the measure is expected to reduce refuse by 360,000 pounds (160 t), saving $ 90,000 per year on cleanup.
1455:. Then the Ojibwe arrived and the Sioux migrated westward. The area then became a part of the homeland of the
363:, a lake in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness has a dry winter
5352:
4681:
4481:
4312:
4041:
4018:
3853:
3818:
3690:
3639:
2717:
2184:
1115:
The lakes of the BWCAW are located in depressions formed by differential erosion of the tilted layers of the
2771:
5549:
5423:
5222:
4524:
4337:
4172:
3913:
1846:
1688:
1579:
262:
215:
178:
5506:
5433:
5392:
4217:
3993:
3983:
3808:
3390:
2580:
1329:
92:
2670:
1582:
clarified the border between the United States and Canada using the old trading route running along the
5501:
5461:
5456:
4503:
4302:
4267:
4129:
3963:
3933:
3828:
3758:
3027:"The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness: Examining Changes in Use, Users, and Management Challenges"
2869:
2330:
1792:
1713:
1624:
1559:
1554:
During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the area's legal and political status was disputed. The
1415:
313:
1730:
cancelled the study in September 2018, clearing the way for mining leases in the national forest. The
1562:
in 1783, had defined the northern border between the United States and Canada based on the inaccurate
5620:
5491:
4686:
4591:
4277:
4162:
4099:
3908:
3848:
3718:
3708:
3619:
2598:
Mech, L. David; Nelson, Michael E.; Drabik, Harry F. (1982). "Reoccurrence of Caribou in Minnesota".
1405:
364:
360:
198:) comprises 1,090,000 acres (440,000 ha) of pristine forests, glacial lakes, and streams in the
2014:
1277:
can be found in cleared areas. The BWCAW is estimated to contain 455,000 acres (184,000 ha) of
5496:
5367:
5347:
5177:
4661:
4636:
4541:
4357:
4347:
4297:
4282:
4242:
4212:
4197:
4182:
4167:
4119:
3863:
3813:
3798:
3778:
3743:
3584:
3579:
3441:
1764:
1666:
October 21, 1978, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act, U.S. Public Law 95-495, was signed by
1570:
and Lake Superior was unclear, with the United States claiming the border was further north at the
1523:
and others opened the region to trade, mainly in beaver pelts. By the end of the 18th century, the
1397:
1218:
to the south that contains characteristics of each. Trees found within the wilderness area include
239:
199:
3122:
2962:
2922:
2907:
2406:
1960:, wrote extensively about the Boundary Waters and worked to ensure preservation of the wilderness.
1519:
became the first European known to have traveled through the BWCAW area. Later, during the 1730s,
312:
of the 18th and early 19th centuries. The wilderness also includes the highest peak in Minnesota,
4641:
4586:
4317:
4292:
4272:
4247:
3958:
3873:
3868:
3773:
3367:
1536:
1414:
once inhabited the region but have disappeared due to encroachment by deer, and the effects of a
1373:
1270:
344:
258:
254:
107:
3282:
5539:
5377:
5060:
4921:
4566:
4536:
4377:
4352:
4342:
4222:
4202:
4192:
4187:
3998:
3973:
3953:
3923:
3893:
3883:
3878:
3858:
3803:
3783:
3723:
2813:
2534:"Minnesota's largest wildfire likened to a 'freight train' as it grows, spurs more evacuations"
1667:
1612:
1603:
1555:
1479:
305:
88:
84:
3302:
5524:
5372:
5319:
4666:
4606:
4561:
4362:
4287:
4177:
4023:
4013:
4008:
3928:
3888:
3823:
2105:. Vol. 83, no. 2. University of Toronto Press, Journals Division. pp. 165–95.
1957:
1816:
1369:
1320:
1191:
1120:
2805:
5230:
5187:
4656:
4392:
4332:
4237:
4157:
3948:
3903:
3843:
3788:
3753:
3025:
Dvorak, Robert G.; Watson, Alan E.; Christensen, Neal; Borrie, William T.; Schwaller, Ann.
1727:
1393:
1136:
1110:
8:
5362:
5116:
5040:
5036:
5031:
4601:
4596:
4134:
4081:
3943:
3918:
3763:
3431:
2388:
1804:
1571:
1377:
1258:
1132:
336:
3681:
2258:
Barghoorn, Elso S.; Tyler, Stanley A. (1965). "Microorganisms from the Gunflint Chert".
1639:
established the Boundary Waters regulations much as they are today, with limitations on
296:
runs northeast–southwest through the east side of the BWCAW, following the crest of the
5481:
5263:
5212:
5126:
5070:
4819:
4676:
4651:
4611:
4322:
4232:
4003:
3703:
3667:
3657:
3247:
3215:
2611:
2114:
2046:
1977:
1947:
1808:
1532:
1247:
1227:
1097:
218:. Efforts to preserve the primitive landscape began in the 1900s and culminated in the
1734:
subsidiary Twin Metals Minnesota would operate a proposed mine. In October 2021, the
1444:(circa 1300 years ago) have not been found there, but pottery and clay pipes from the
5570:
5565:
3978:
3968:
3838:
3738:
3733:
3614:
3261:
3216:"Minnesota Environmental Issues Oral History Project: Interview with Justine Kerfoot"
3102:
3077:
3052:
2877:
2870:"A Plan to Mine the Minnesota Wilderness Hit a Dead End. Then Trump Became President"
2817:
2806:
2694:
2649:
2271:
2216:
2188:
2118:
2081:
2053:
1567:
1361:
1325:
1293:
1278:
1254:
375:
328:
281:
5466:
5387:
5382:
4621:
4114:
3698:
2603:
2263:
2106:
1516:
1389:
1171:
1163:
340:
250:
2304:
1791:
The BWCAW contains a variety of hiking trails. Shorter hikes include the trail to
5413:
5172:
4829:
4646:
3833:
2837:
2509:
2267:
1935:
1887:
1883:
1820:
1812:
1731:
1445:
1441:
1312:
1274:
1175:
1155:
1116:
324:
297:
266:
207:
34:
3149:"Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness becomes International Dark Sky Sanctuary"
2370:
1544:
226:, hiking, and fishing, and is the most visited wilderness in the United States.
5558:
5192:
5157:
5147:
5101:
5065:
4916:
4896:
4809:
4551:
3307:
2963:"Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Permit and Visitor Use Trends 2009-2016"
2865:
2565:
1941:
1827:
and together these represent the most remote segment of the NCT's 4,800 miles.
1800:
1723:
1719:
1660:
1628:
1341:
1235:
1195:
1183:
348:
332:
301:
285:
103:
3026:
1206:
The Boundary Waters area is near the border of the true boreal forest and the
5614:
5235:
5121:
5111:
5055:
5050:
4906:
4824:
4581:
4571:
2881:
1903:
1875:
1760:
1471:
1467:
1365:
1243:
1167:
932:
317:
270:
134:
121:
1288:
5283:
5278:
5202:
5162:
5131:
5075:
4911:
4804:
4799:
4576:
4556:
3604:
2538:
2352:
2275:
1953:
1620:
1563:
1239:
1187:
1179:
1431:
1128:
1092:
253:
of Minnesota. The combined region of the BWCAW, Superior National Forest,
5584:
5486:
5167:
4891:
4886:
4616:
3297:
2482:
2110:
1895:
1548:
1401:
1143:
289:
4750:
5298:
5240:
4814:
2615:
1899:
1644:
1475:
1385:
293:
211:
392:
Climate data for Ely 25E, Minnesota, 1991–2020 normals: 1444ft (440m)
323:
Located around the perimeter of the BWCAW are six ranger stations: in
308:
was an occasion for ceremony and initiation rites for the fur-trading
44:
5471:
5268:
5207:
5045:
4834:
3342:
2904:"At the edge of the Boundary Waters, miners probe for copper, nickel"
2505:"Smoke from Minnesota forest fire makes its way to Chicago's suburbs"
2414:
1783:
1640:
1528:
1524:
1504:
1251:
1231:
1210:(commonly called the "North Woods"), a transitional zone between the
1124:
203:
2979:
2607:
1396:. It is within the range of the largest population of wolves in the
5293:
4901:
4881:
4785:
4781:
1756:
1411:
1308:
1307:, commonly referred to as "the Boundary Waters blowdown". Although
1282:
1262:
1223:
309:
223:
5535:
Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions
2787:"Judge rules in favor of proposed snowmobile route bordering BWCA"
1747:
1178:
located near Ely, Minnesota, is up to 2.7 billion years old.
5288:
5245:
5182:
2461:"Smoke from Pagami Creek fire detected over eastern Europe today"
1891:
1879:
1874:
Fishing is a popular activity in the BWCAW. Game species include
1837:
1768:
1671:
1499:
1337:
1333:
1300:
1219:
1147:
2407:"Gunflint Trail fire anniversary to be marked by tree plantings"
1819:
and following ridges and cliffs west until it connects with the
1751:
A fire area typical at wilderness campsites throughout the BWCAW
1611:
aside as a roadless wilderness area by Secretary of Agriculture
5303:
5273:
5152:
3287:
2629:
Monthei, Heather (Spring 2020). "Paddling Down BWCAW History".
2154:
1907:
1512:
1456:
1381:
1159:
1151:
3288:
Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness (political advocacy)
3256:
Proescholdt, Kevin; Rapson, Rip; Heinselman, Miron L. (1995).
2938:"Biden Administration Delivers Serious Blow to Minnesota Mine"
1347:
5197:
5106:
5096:
5091:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1266:
1211:
1186:
comprise the bedrock of the eastern Boundary Waters. Ancient
67:
49:
Sunset over Pose Lake, a small lake accessible only by foot.
3255:
2803:
2015:"Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Trip Planning Guide"
1923:
1315:
to reduce the forest fuel load in the event of a wildfire.
234:
1574:
and Canada claiming it was further south beginning at the
3024:
2759:. Superior National Forest, United States Forest Service.
2622:
1539:
Companies, with a North West Company fort located at the
3213:
3034:
United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service
2078:
Paddling the Boundary Waters and Voyageurs National Park
3292:
3260:. St. cloud, Minnesota: North Star Press of St. Cloud.
2860:
2858:
2678:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery.
1771:, and enjoying the area's remote wilderness character.
1494:
359:
The weather station Ely 25E is on the southern edge of
245:
The BWCAW extends along 150 miles (240 km) of the
2812:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p.
3197:"City Girl Justine Kerfoot became a North Woods Icon"
1100:
growing on glacially scoured bedrock, Nina Moose Lake
2923:"Feds reopen forests near Boundary Waters to mining"
2855:
1787:
Junction of the Eagle Mountain and Brule Lake Trails
1691:. Trucks are removed from the three truck portages.
5358:
Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon
273:lies to the south and east of the Boundary Waters.
2804:Ojakangas, Richard W.; Matsch, Charles L. (1982).
2262:. Vol. 147, no. 3658. pp. 563–577.
2045:
1478:on rock ledges and cliffs. It is thought that the
1435:Pictographs at Hegman Lake, as they looked in 2003
1080:Source 2: XMACIS (records & monthly max/mins)
5626:Canoeing and kayaking venues in the United States
2157:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1527:had been organized into groups of canoe-paddling
5612:
3337:
2693:. Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 47–53.
2662:
2597:
2430:"Boundary Waters fire threatening homes, cabins"
1795:(7 miles (11 km)). Loop trails include the
5439:Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival
3293:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Information Resource
2729:
2727:
2712:
2710:
2602:. Vol. 101, no. 8. pp. 206–208.
2178:
1470:. Within the BWCAW are hundreds of prehistoric
222:of 1978. The area is a popular destination for
5641:Protected areas of St. Louis County, Minnesota
3409:Mississippi National River and Recreation Area
3096:
3071:
2479:"Ont. smells smoke from Minnesota forest fire"
2257:
2215:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2134:"Ely 25E, Minnesota 1991-2020 Monthly Normals"
4766:
3323:
3298:Save the Boundary Waters (political advocacy)
2672:Fur Trade Canoe Routes of Canada/Then and Now
2646:Magic on the Rocks: Canoe Country Pictographs
2581:"Superior National Forest – About the Forest"
2531:
2238:"It's Written in the Rocks: The BWCA History"
1864:A BWCA paddler with her wood-and-canvas canoe
1659:October 1975, Eighth District Representative
1491:, is home to a number of Ojibwe to this day.
1487:, just east of the BWCAW at the community of
2724:
2707:
2206:
2204:
2179:Ojakangas, Richard; Matsch, Charles (1982).
1707:
1451:The area was then sparsely populated by the
202:. Located entirely within the U.S. state of
5409:Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival
2864:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1299:On July 4, 1999, a powerful wind storm, or
16:Wilderness area in Minnesota, United States
5419:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
4773:
4759:
3330:
3316:
3142:
3140:
3099:Boundary Waters Canoe Area: Eastern Region
3074:Boundary Waters Canoe Area: Western Region
3018:
2648:. Duluth, Minnesota: Birch Portage Press.
2288:
2210:
2071:
2069:
5636:Protected areas of Lake County, Minnesota
5631:Protected areas of Cook County, Minnesota
4780:
4739:Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
2327:Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness
2309:Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
2201:
2100:
2075:
2048:Saving Quetico-Superior, A Land Set Apart
1932:, one of the last two residents of BWCAW.
1637:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act
1602:In 1902, Minnesota's Forest Commissioner
1594:trailing off during the 1920s and 1930s.
220:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act
3097:Beymer, Robert; Dzierzak, Louis (2009).
3072:Beymer, Robert; Dzierzak, Louis (2009).
2906:. Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from
2901:
2213:The Boundary Waters Wilderness Ecosystem
2174:
2172:
2094:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1992:
1924:Notable people associated with the BWCAW
1782:
1746:
1498:
1430:
1346:
1287:
1091:
233:
3146:
3137:
2643:
2628:
2532:Hollingsworth, Jana (August 23, 2021).
2235:
2066:
1633:National Wilderness Preservation System
316:(2,301 feet (701 m)), part of the
5613:
5477:British Dragon Boat Racing Association
3899:Lake Vermilion-Soudan Underground Mine
2920:
2052:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
2043:
1631:of 1964 organized it as a unit of the
1459:people, who traveled the waterways in
1408:as a globally important bird habitat.
4754:
3610:Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
3311:
3147:Johnson, Allie (September 10, 2020).
3046:
2935:
2902:Hemphill, Stephanie (June 23, 2010).
2784:
2772:"The Boundary Waters: 25 years later"
2668:
2428:Etten, Douglas (September 13, 2011).
2427:
2169:
2147:
2028:
1590:(today the BWCAW's northern border).
1404:. It has also been identified by the
188:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
24:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
5578:The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes
5530:International Dragon Boat Federation
4489:
4468:List of scientific and natural areas
3414:Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway
3207:
3125:. International Dark-Sky Association
3123:"International Dark Sky Sanctuaries"
2838:"Minnesota's Vast Mineral Resources"
2769:
2688:
2546:from the original on August 24, 2021
2126:
1914:
1852:Canoe campers on a trip in the BWCAW
1650:
1495:European exploration and development
5651:Protected areas established in 1964
3630:Lake Agassiz Peatlands Natural Area
3240:
2733:
2458:
1825:North Country National Scenic Trail
1623:signed Executive Order 10092 which
1426:
1360:Animals found in the BWCAW include
214:is under the administration of the
13:
4373:Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood
3625:Lac la Croix Research Natural Area
3233:
3014:. North Country Trail Association.
3000:. North Country Trail Association.
2955:
2830:
2785:Furst, Randy (February 14, 2015).
2757:"Heritage History: BWCAW timeline"
1400:, as well as an unknown number of
1087:
95:counties, Minnesota, United States
14:
5667:
5343:List of world records in canoeing
3276:
3243:"On the Water, and into the Wild"
3051:. University of Minnesota Press.
2921:Kraker, Dan (September 7, 2018).
2323:"10 years after the big blowdown"
1201:
5596:
3635:Pine Point Research Natural Area
3241:Fox, Porter (October 21, 2016).
2998:"Border Route Trail Association"
2691:Minnesota's Boundary with Canada
2570:Showing Whelp and John Ek fires.
1857:
1845:
1566:. Ownership of the area between
1485:Grand Portage Indian Reservation
1421:
1305:Boundary Waters–Canadian derecho
1208:Laurentian Mixed Forest Province
304:. The crossing of the divide at
66:
59:
43:
5597:
5429:Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival
3283:Superior National Forest: BWCAW
3189:
3167:
3115:
3090:
3065:
3040:
3004:
2990:
2972:
2929:
2914:
2895:
2868:; Eder, Steve (June 25, 2019).
2797:
2778:
2763:
2749:
2720:. United States Forest Service.
2682:
2637:
2600:The American Midland Naturalist
2591:
2573:
2558:
2525:
2497:
2471:
2452:
2421:
2399:
2381:
2363:
2345:
2315:
2297:
2282:
2251:
2229:
1146:bedrock are exposed including:
154:1,090,000 acres (4,400 km)
4062:Iron Range Off-Highway Vehicle
3218:. Minnesota Historical Society
3214:Minnesota Historical Society.
2305:"ECS: Border Lakes Subsection"
1970:
1507:canoe during the fur trade era
1135:ended with the retreat of the
277:portion of the United States.
1:
5646:Wilderness areas of Minnesota
5353:Au Sable River Canoe Marathon
3049:Exploring the Boundary Waters
2185:University of Minnesota Press
1964:
1742:
1597:
1005:Average snowfall inches (cm)
5424:Houston Dragon Boat Festival
5326:Canoeing and kayaking venues
3605:Ancient River Warren Channel
3177:. United Press International
2736:"Boundary Waters Chronology"
2268:10.1126/science.147.3658.563
1689:8th Circuit Court of Appeals
1543:on Lake Superior. The final
229:
216:United States Forest Service
7:
5507:Portuguese Canoe Federation
5434:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival
5393:Riverland Paddling Marathon
3203:. Minneapolis. May 5, 2019.
3175:"Wilderness man dead at 82"
2942:U.S.News & World Report
2371:"BWCA Cavity Lake Wildfire"
1980:. U.S. Forest Service. 2004
1830:
1483:winter hunting season. The
1355:
1330:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
721:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
581:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
10:
5672:
5502:Scottish Canoe Association
5462:American Canoe Association
5457:European Canoe Association
4950:Women's Canadian medalists
4547:Charles A. Lindbergh House
4504:Three Rivers Park District
3663:Boundary Waters Canoe Area
3487:Northern Tallgrass Prairie
2245:The Conservation Volunteer
2211:Heinselman, Miron (1996).
2103:Canadian Historical Review
2044:Searle, R. Newell (1977).
1869:
1714:Twin Metals mine (Ely, MN)
1711:
1560:American Revolutionary War
1531:working for the competing
1108:
1104:
1079:
1074:
391:
354:
170:105,000 (in 2015)
5594:
5548:
5540:UK Rivers Access Campaign
5515:
5492:Croatian Canoe Federation
5447:
5401:
5335:
5312:
5254:
5221:
5140:
5084:
5024:
4930:
4874:
4843:
4792:
4733:
4713:
4695:
4523:
4516:
4499:County and regional parks
4480:
4456:
4148:
4090:
4032:
3689:
3680:
3648:
3620:Keeley Creek Natural Area
3593:
3570:
3520:
3440:
3422:
3399:
3376:
3358:
3349:
3012:"Kekekabic Trail Chapter"
2925:. Minnesota Public Radio.
2774:. Minnesota Public Radio.
2689:Lass, William E. (1980).
2644:Furtman, Michael (2000).
2236:Weiblen, Paul W. (1971).
2076:Churchill, James (2003).
1778:
1708:Proposed Twin Metals Mine
1406:American Bird Conservancy
1216:temperate hardwood forest
1004:
930:
860:
790:
720:
650:
580:
510:
440:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
365:humid continental climate
361:Snowbank Lake (Minnesota)
174:
166:
158:
150:
113:
99:
80:
54:
42:
28:
23:
5656:Superior National Forest
5497:Israel Canoe Association
5368:Hawkesbury Canoe Classic
5348:Adirondack Canoe Classic
4945:Men's Canadian medalists
4662:Snake River Trading Post
4637:Minnesota History Center
4627:Mille Lacs Indian Museum
4542:Birch Coulee Battlefield
3794:George H. Crosby Manitou
3769:Forestville Mystery Cave
2791:Minneapolis Star-Tribune
1580:Webster–Ashburton Treaty
1398:contiguous United States
240:Superior National Forest
200:Superior National Forest
5001:Slalom Junior & U23
4990:Women's kayak medalists
4980:Women's canoe medalists
4960:Women's kayak medalists
4642:Minnesota State Capitol
3640:Upper Red Lake Peatland
3512:Upper Mississippi River
2669:Morse, Eric W. (1969).
2631:Boundary Waters Journal
1956:, Minnesota author and
1448:have been found there.
1190:have been found in the
255:Voyageurs National Park
108:Grand Marais, Minnesota
5378:National Student Rodeo
5061:Canoe and kayak diving
4922:Standup paddleboarding
4705:List of nature centers
4592:Harkin's General Store
4537:Alexander Ramsey House
4328:Mississippi Headwaters
3047:Pauly, Daniel (2005).
2718:"History of the BWCAW"
1788:
1752:
1668:President Jimmy Carter
1613:William Marion Jardine
1604:Christopher C. Andrews
1508:
1480:Hegman Lake Pictograph
1446:Later Woodland Indians
1436:
1352:
1296:
1192:banded iron formations
1101:
306:Height of Land Portage
242:
5525:Canadian Canoe Museum
5373:Massive Murray Paddle
5320:Artificial whitewater
4995:Mixed canoe medalists
4985:Men's kayak medalists
4975:Men's canoe medalists
4955:Men's kayak medalists
4721:List of hiking trails
4667:Split Rock Lighthouse
4607:Lac qui Parle Mission
4562:Forest History Center
4253:General C. C. Andrews
3989:Split Rock Lighthouse
2585:USDA – Forest Service
2440:on September 30, 2011
2022:USDA – Forest Service
1817:Superior Hiking Trail
1786:
1750:
1502:
1434:
1350:
1291:
1214:to the north and the
1095:
791:Mean minimum °F (°C)
511:Mean maximum °F (°C)
238:The BWCAW within the
237:
5231:Canoe paddle strokes
5188:Sturgeon-nosed canoe
4657:Sibley Historic Site
3749:Charles A. Lindbergh
3101:. Wilderness Press.
3076:. Wilderness Press.
2513:. September 13, 2011
2485:. September 13, 2011
2111:10.3138/CHR.83.2.165
1736:Biden administration
1728:Trump administration
1292:Smoke from the 2011
1174:. Greenstone of the
1137:Laurentide Ice Sheet
1111:Geology of Minnesota
441:Record high °F (°C)
5517:Other organisations
5363:Dusi Canoe Marathon
5117:International Canoe
5037:Whitewater canoeing
5032:Small-craft sailing
4965:Paracanoe medalists
4602:Jeffers Petroglyphs
4597:James J. Hill House
4135:St. Croix Boom Site
4082:Saint Croix Islands
3939:Nerstrand-Big Woods
3714:Beaver Creek Valley
3615:Itasca Natural Area
3432:North Country Trail
2808:Minnesota's Geology
2181:Minnesota's Geology
1805:Sioux-Hustler Trail
1625:prohibited aircraft
1572:Kaministiquia River
1133:last glacial period
1131:the landscape. The
861:Record low °F (°C)
651:Daily mean °F (°C)
179:U.S. Forest Service
175:Governing body
131: /
5482:Canoe Kayak Canada
5264:Albano buoy system
5127:Recreational kayak
5071:Canoe orienteering
5016:Wildwater canoeing
4820:Wildwater canoeing
4682:Upper Sioux Agency
4677:Traverse des Sioux
4652:Oliver Kelley Farm
4612:Lower Sioux Agency
4263:Golden Anniversary
4140:Sam Brown Memorial
4105:Devils Track Falls
4004:Upper Sioux Agency
3854:Judge C. R. Magney
3819:Great River Bluffs
3303:List of outfitters
3248:The New York Times
2936:Karnowski, Steve.
2874:The New York Times
2734:Wilbers, Stephen.
2568:. August 24, 2021.
2389:"Turtle Lake Fire"
2353:"Alpine Lake Fire"
1978:"Land Area Report"
1948:Ernest Oberholtzer
1894:. Trout including
1809:Border Route Trail
1789:
1753:
1558:, which ended the
1509:
1442:Early Woodland Era
1437:
1416:brainworm parasite
1353:
1297:
1228:eastern white pine
1142:Many varieties of
1102:
1098:eastern white pine
374:), bordering on a
243:
5608:
5607:
5566:Paddle-to-the-Sea
5559:La Chasse-galerie
5178:Pacific Northwest
5141:Traditional boats
4875:Other disciplines
4748:
4747:
4729:
4728:
4512:
4511:
4476:
4475:
4308:Lake of the Woods
4258:George Washington
3914:Mille Lacs Kathio
3676:
3675:
3108:978-0-89997-461-3
3083:978-0-89997-610-5
3058:978-1-4529-0646-1
2910:on June 26, 2019.
2655:978-0-916691-02-8
2633:. pp. 48–57.
2333:on April 16, 2016
2289:Heinselman (1996)
2087:978-0-7627-1148-2
1915:Night sky viewing
1890:, and occasional
1651:Land use disputes
1576:Saint Louis River
1568:Lake of the Woods
1390:peregrine falcons
1326:Pagami Creek Fire
1294:Pagami Creek Fire
1279:old growth forest
1172:sedimentary rocks
1164:metamorphic rocks
1121:two million years
1084:
1083:
376:subarctic climate
282:Laurentian Divide
184:
183:
100:Nearest city
5663:
5621:IUCN Category Ib
5600:
5599:
5467:Paddle Australia
5449:Governing bodies
5388:Waterside Series
5383:Thameside Series
4861:Female medalists
4793:Main disciplines
4775:
4768:
4761:
4752:
4751:
4687:W. W. Mayo House
4622:Mill City Museum
4521:
4520:
4487:
4486:
4115:Inspiration Peak
4072:Minnesota Valley
3994:Temperance River
3984:Split Rock Creek
3809:Gooseberry Falls
3687:
3686:
3552:Minnesota Valley
3482:Minnesota Valley
3356:
3355:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3271:
3252:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2984:CanoeCountry.com
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2842:Mining Minnesota
2834:
2828:
2827:
2811:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2436:. Archived from
2425:
2419:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2329:. Archived from
2319:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2295:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2080:. Globe Pequot.
2073:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2041:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2011:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1861:
1849:
1517:Jacques de Noyon
1427:Native Americans
1412:Woodland caribou
1313:prescribed burns
1127:have repeatedly
389:
388:
257:, and Ontario's
251:Arrowhead Region
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
70:
69:
63:
47:
21:
20:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5590:
5544:
5511:
5443:
5414:Duanwu Festival
5397:
5331:
5308:
5250:
5217:
5173:Outrigger canoe
5136:
5080:
5020:
4926:
4870:
4851:Summer Olympics
4839:
4830:Canoe freestyle
4788:
4779:
4749:
4744:
4725:
4709:
4697:
4691:
4647:Morrison Mounds
4632:Minnehaha Depot
4528:
4526:
4508:
4472:
4459:
4452:
4448:Whiteface River
4338:Northwest Angle
4173:Beltrami Island
4144:
4120:Joseph R. Brown
4086:
4034:
4028:
4019:William O'Brien
3964:Savanna Portage
3934:Myre-Big Island
3829:Hill-Annex Mine
3759:Father Hennepin
3672:
3644:
3596:
3589:
3566:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3443:
3436:
3418:
3395:
3372:
3345:
3339:Protected areas
3336:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3258:Troubled Waters
3236:
3234:Further reading
3231:
3221:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3145:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3045:
3041:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2919:
2915:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2866:Tabuchi, Hiroko
2863:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2802:
2798:
2783:
2779:
2770:Kelleher, Bob.
2768:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2642:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2608:10.2307/2425312
2596:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2510:Chicago Tribune
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2459:Gabbert, Bill.
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2422:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2283:
2256:
2252:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2183:. Minneapolis:
2177:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2042:
2029:
2017:
2013:
2012:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1958:conservationist
1936:Justine Kerfoot
1926:
1917:
1888:smallmouth bass
1884:largemouth bass
1872:
1865:
1862:
1853:
1850:
1833:
1821:Kekekabic Trail
1813:Kekekabic Trail
1781:
1745:
1732:Antofagasta PLC
1716:
1710:
1653:
1600:
1578:. In 1842, the
1556:Treaty of Paris
1497:
1429:
1424:
1358:
1204:
1176:Superior craton
1119:. For the past
1117:Canadian Shield
1113:
1107:
1090:
1088:Natural history
1085:
1075:Source 1: NOAA
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
357:
298:Superior Upland
267:Boundary Waters
247:Canadian border
232:
212:wilderness area
208:Boundary Waters
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
106:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
71:
50:
38:
35:wilderness area
17:
12:
11:
5:
5669:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5606:
5605:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5562:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Chundan vallam
5155:
5150:
5148:Aleutian kayak
5144:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5102:Concrete canoe
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5066:Dongola racing
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4968:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4937:
4935:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4917:Squirt boating
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4897:Paddleboarding
4894:
4889:
4887:Dragon boating
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4856:Male medalists
4853:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Canoe marathon
4807:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4755:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4552:Comstock House
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:Scientific and
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Sturgeon River
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4218:Cloquet Valley
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:Greenleaf Lake
4054:
4049:
4047:Cuyuna Country
4044:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3909:McCarthy Beach
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:John A. Latsch
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Big Stone Lake
3716:
3711:
3709:Bear Head Lake
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3277:External links
3275:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3253:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3206:
3188:
3166:
3136:
3114:
3107:
3089:
3082:
3064:
3057:
3039:
3017:
3003:
2989:
2971:
2954:
2928:
2913:
2894:
2854:
2829:
2822:
2796:
2777:
2762:
2748:
2723:
2706:
2699:
2681:
2661:
2654:
2636:
2621:
2590:
2572:
2557:
2524:
2496:
2470:
2465:Wildfire Today
2451:
2434:Lakeland Times
2420:
2398:
2380:
2362:
2344:
2314:
2296:
2281:
2250:
2228:
2221:
2200:
2193:
2168:
2146:
2125:
2093:
2086:
2065:
2058:
2027:
1991:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1945:
1942:Dorothy Molter
1939:
1933:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1832:
1829:
1801:Snowbank Trail
1793:Eagle Mountain
1780:
1777:
1744:
1741:
1724:surface runoff
1720:Duluth Complex
1712:Main article:
1709:
1706:
1661:James Oberstar
1652:
1649:
1629:Wilderness Act
1599:
1596:
1496:
1493:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1357:
1354:
1342:Greenwood Fire
1203:
1202:Forest ecology
1200:
1196:Gunflint Chert
1184:Duluth Complex
1109:Main article:
1106:
1103:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
788:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
648:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
578:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
508:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
387:
356:
353:
349:Gunflint Trail
314:Eagle Mountain
302:Gunflint Range
231:
228:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
115:
111:
110:
104:Ely, Minnesota
101:
97:
96:
82:
78:
77:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5668:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5603:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:Eskimo Rescue
5234:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:Folding kayak
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:Kayak fishing
5054:
5052:
5051:Canoe camping
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:championships
4933:
4929:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:Surf kayaking
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:Canoe sailing
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4672:Stumne Mounds
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Fort Snelling
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:Fort Renville
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4460:Natural Areas
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:Lake Isabella
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:Grand Portage
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:Kodonce River
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:Caribou Falls
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:La Salle Lake
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Garden Island
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Lac qui Parle
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Grand Portage
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Glacial Lakes
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:Fort Snelling
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:Cascade River
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Buffalo River
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Detroit Lakes
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Hamden Slough
3470:
3468:
3467:Glacial Ridge
3465:
3463:
3462:Crane Meadows
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3424:Scenic Trails
3421:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Grand Portage
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3269:
3267:0-87839-100-2
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3176:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3036:. p. 11.
3035:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2980:"BWCA Trails"
2975:
2964:
2958:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2825:
2823:0-8166-0953-5
2819:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2741:September 27,
2737:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2700:0-87351-153-0
2696:
2692:
2685:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2567:
2566:"Inciweb map"
2561:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2517:September 13,
2512:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2489:September 13,
2484:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2444:September 13,
2439:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2222:0-8166-2804-1
2218:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2196:
2194:0-8166-0953-5
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2156:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2059:0-87351-116-6
2055:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1930:Benny Ambrose
1928:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:rainbow trout
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:northern pike
1860:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Pow Wow Trail
1794:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:canoe touring
1758:
1749:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:Grand Portage
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1489:Grand Portage
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1422:Human history
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:timber wolves
1371:
1367:
1363:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1321:Ham Lake Fire
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:, as well as
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:boreal forest
1209:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:Igneous rocks
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:derived from
1165:
1162:, as well as
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:sheets of ice
1122:
1118:
1112:
1099:
1094:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
934:
933:precipitation
929:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
859:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
789:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
719:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
649:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
579:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
509:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
439:
395:
390:
386:
384:
381:
377:
373:
370:
366:
362:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
318:Misquah Hills
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
272:
271:Lake Superior
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
241:
236:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
62:
53:
46:
41:
36:
32:
31:IUCN category
27:
22:
19:
5583:
5576:
5564:
5557:
5336:Competitions
5324:
5284:Paddle leash
5279:Paddle float
5132:Sprint canoe
5085:Modern boats
5076:Canoe livery
5046:Sea kayaking
5039: /
5011:Ocean Racing
4912:Snow boating
4805:Canoe slalom
4800:Canoe sprint
4737:
4577:Fort Ridgely
4557:Folsom House
4313:Land o'Lakes
4278:Huntersville
4163:Battleground
4130:Ray Berglund
3959:Sakatah Lake
3874:Lake Bronson
3869:Lake Bemidji
3774:Fort Ridgely
3662:
3542:Fergus Falls
3257:
3251:. p. 1.
3246:
3220:. Retrieved
3209:
3201:Star Tribune
3200:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3152:
3127:. Retrieved
3117:
3098:
3092:
3073:
3067:
3048:
3042:
3033:
3020:
3006:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:
2931:
2916:
2908:the original
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2873:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2832:
2807:
2799:
2790:
2780:
2765:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2690:
2684:
2671:
2664:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2624:
2599:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2539:Star Tribune
2537:
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2508:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2438:the original
2433:
2423:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2337:November 12,
2335:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2231:
2212:
2180:
2159:. Retrieved
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2128:
2102:
2096:
2077:
2047:
2021:
1982:. Retrieved
1972:
1954:Sigurd Olson
1918:
1873:
1834:
1790:
1773:
1769:dog sledding
1754:
1717:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1621:Harry Truman
1617:
1609:
1601:
1592:
1584:Pigeon River
1564:Mitchell Map
1553:
1537:Hudson's Bay
1521:La Vérendrye
1511:In 1688 the
1510:
1450:
1438:
1410:
1359:
1317:
1298:
1283:forest fires
1244:black spruce
1240:white spruce
1205:
1188:microfossils
1141:
1114:
935:inches (mm)
382:
371:
358:
345:Grand Marais
322:
284:between the
279:
275:
263:La Verendrye
244:
195:
191:
187:
185:
18:
5585:Waterwalker
5487:Canoe Wales
5168:Fur brigade
4902:Surf skiing
4892:Nouka Baich
4617:Marine Mill
4587:Grand Mound
4567:Forestville
4443:White Earth
4408:Snake River
4403:Smoky Hills
4398:Smokey Bear
4383:Saint Croix
4358:Pine Island
4348:Paul Bunyan
4298:Koochiching
4283:Insula Lake
4243:Fond du Lac
4213:Chengwatana
4198:Buena Vista
4183:Birch Lakes
4168:Bear Island
3999:Tettegouche
3974:Schoolcraft
3954:Saint Croix
3924:Monson Lake
3894:Lake Shetek
3884:Lake Louise
3879:Lake Carlos
3859:Kilen Woods
3804:Glendalough
3784:Franz Jevne
3724:Blue Mounds
3181:October 31,
3159:October 12,
2947:December 5,
2483:CTV Toronto
2161:October 30,
2139:October 30,
1896:brook trout
1765:backpacking
1763:, fishing,
1645:snowmobiles
1635:. The 1978
1588:Rainy River
1549:Thunder Bay
1476:petroglyphs
1472:pictographs
1402:Canada lynx
1386:bald eagles
1378:black bears
1351:Common loon
1275:raspberries
1271:Blueberries
1248:white-cedar
1144:Precambrian
290:Great Lakes
159:Established
138: /
114:Coordinates
93:Saint Louis
5615:Categories
5299:Spray deck
5241:Kayak roll
5223:Techniques
5025:Recreation
4815:Canoe polo
4527:Historical
4438:Welsh Lake
4433:Wealthwood
4423:Two Inlets
4388:Sand Dunes
4318:Lost River
4293:Kabetogama
4273:Hill River
4248:Foot Hills
4208:Centennial
4033:Recreation
4024:Zippel Bay
4014:Wild River
4009:Whitewater
3929:Moose Lake
3889:Lake Maria
3834:Interstate
3824:Hayes Lake
3650:Wilderness
3547:Litchfield
3523:Management
3477:Mille Lacs
2550:August 24,
2411:KARE11.com
2123:(Abstract)
1984:August 28,
1965:References
1900:lake trout
1803:, and the
1743:Recreation
1641:motorboats
1598:Protection
1545:rendezvous
1533:North West
1236:balsam fir
1156:greenstone
1123:, massive
294:Hudson Bay
286:watersheds
5472:Paddle UK
5402:Festivals
5269:Outrigger
5256:Equipment
5213:Swan boat
5208:War canoe
4835:Paracanoe
4525:Minnesota
4428:Waukenabo
4378:Rum River
4353:Pillsbury
4343:Pat Bayle
4223:Crow Wing
4203:Burntside
4193:Bowstring
4188:Blackduck
4110:Flood Bay
4077:Red River
3949:Rice Lake
3904:Maplewood
3844:Jay Cooke
3789:Frontenac
3754:Crow Wing
3597:Landmarks
3532:Big Stone
3525:Districts
3502:Sherburne
3492:Rice Lake
3457:Big Stone
3391:Pipestone
3378:Monuments
3368:Voyageurs
3343:Minnesota
2882:0362-4331
2119:162310609
1529:voyageurs
1525:fur trade
1515:explorer
1309:campsites
1252:deciduous
1232:jack pine
310:Voyageurs
230:Geography
204:Minnesota
135:48°N 91°W
5294:Sea sock
5041:kayaking
5006:Marathon
4882:Creeking
4844:Olympics
4786:kayaking
4782:Canoeing
4363:Red Lake
4288:Jeanette
4178:Big Fork
4092:Waysides
3944:Old Mill
3919:Minneopa
3764:Flandrau
3585:Superior
3580:Chippewa
3442:Wildlife
3351:National
3222:June 19,
3129:March 1,
2887:June 25,
2544:Archived
2276:17783259
2155:"xmACIS"
1831:Canoeing
1757:canoeing
1672:portages
1505:Voyageur
1463:made of
1356:Wildlife
1224:red pine
1222:such as
1220:conifers
1168:volcanic
1070:(195.3)
931:Average
781:(−16.4)
736:(−12.9)
731:(−19.9)
726:(−21.5)
711:(−11.5)
661:(−13.1)
656:(−15.4)
337:Isabella
224:canoeing
167:Visitors
81:Location
5602:Outline
5289:Royalex
5246:Portage
5183:Rabaska
4698:centers
4529:Society
4393:Savanna
4333:Nemadji
4238:Finland
4158:Badoura
4150:Forests
4042:Big Bog
3704:Banning
3668:Tamarac
3658:Agassiz
3595:Natural
3572:Forests
3521:Wetland
3507:Tamarac
3452:Agassiz
3444:Refuges
2847:July 3,
2616:2425312
2415:KARE-TV
2393:bwca.cc
2375:bwca.cc
2357:bwca.cc
2260:Science
1892:panfish
1880:walleye
1870:Fishing
1838:portage
1382:bobcats
1338:Chicago
1334:Ontario
1301:derecho
1194:of the
1182:of the
1148:granite
1129:scoured
1105:Geology
1065:(43.7)
1060:(25.1)
1050:(0.00)
1045:(0.00)
1040:(0.00)
1035:(0.00)
1025:(24.9)
1020:(20.1)
1015:(35.8)
1010:(39.9)
786:(−3.2)
776:(−7.4)
761:(11.4)
756:(12.6)
741:(−4.4)
706:(−3.3)
696:(12.8)
691:(17.7)
686:(18.9)
681:(16.0)
676:(10.1)
666:(−5.9)
641:(−6.6)
626:(18.7)
621:(23.9)
616:(25.1)
611:(22.2)
606:(16.7)
591:(−6.3)
586:(−9.4)
355:Climate
288:of the
259:Quetico
249:in the
206:at the
140:48; -91
5313:Venues
5304:Tuilik
5274:Paddle
5193:Taimen
5163:Dugout
5153:Cayuco
4971:Slalom
4941:Sprint
4866:Venues
4714:Hiking
4696:Nature
4413:Solana
4228:D.A.R.
3979:Sibley
3969:Scenic
3839:Itasca
3739:Carley
3734:Camden
3562:Windom
3557:Morris
3497:Rydell
3401:Rivers
3264:
3155:. KMSP
3105:
3080:
3055:
2880:
2820:
2697:
2652:
2614:
2274:
2219:
2191:
2117:
2084:
2056:
1908:splake
1807:. The
1799:, the
1779:Hiking
1513:French
1461:canoes
1457:Ojibwe
1392:, and
1370:beaver
1265:, and
1246:, and
1160:gneiss
1152:basalt
1055:(4.8)
1030:(1.0)
1000:(710)
970:(104)
926:(−43)
921:(−39)
916:(−27)
911:(−15)
881:(−24)
876:(−36)
871:(−41)
866:(−43)
856:(−36)
851:(−29)
846:(−17)
811:(−13)
806:(−27)
801:(−32)
796:(−34)
771:(0.1)
766:(6.8)
751:(9.8)
746:(3.4)
716:(2.8)
701:(5.0)
671:(1.9)
646:(8.7)
636:(0.7)
631:(9.9)
601:(8.2)
596:(1.1)
397:Month
380:Köppen
369:Köppen
329:Aurora
210:, the
5550:Media
5198:Umiak
5122:Malia
5107:Flyak
5097:Kayak
5092:Canoe
4517:Other
4491:Parks
4482:Local
4368:Remer
4323:Lyons
4233:Emily
4035:Areas
3699:Afton
3691:Parks
3682:State
3360:Parks
3030:(PDF)
2966:(PDF)
2816:-40.
2676:(PDF)
2612:JSTOR
2241:(PDF)
2115:S2CID
2018:(PDF)
1465:birch
1453:Sioux
1394:loons
1366:moose
1267:maple
1259:aspen
1255:birch
1063:17.20
1013:14.10
1008:15.70
998:28.01
995:(29)
990:(37)
985:(70)
980:(95)
975:(88)
965:(95)
960:(76)
955:(50)
950:(21)
945:(20)
940:(25)
906:(−3)
901:(−1)
891:(−2)
886:(−6)
841:(−6)
816:(−3)
576:(33)
566:(13)
561:(22)
556:(29)
551:(32)
546:(33)
541:(31)
536:(28)
531:(22)
526:(14)
506:(37)
501:(11)
496:(22)
491:(29)
486:(34)
481:(36)
476:(37)
471:(36)
466:(34)
461:(27)
456:(24)
451:(17)
436:Year
341:Tofte
192:BWCAW
5571:film
5203:Waka
4784:and
3262:ISBN
3224:2020
3183:2023
3161:2020
3153:Fox9
3131:2022
3103:ISBN
3078:ISBN
3053:ISBN
2949:2021
2889:2019
2878:ISSN
2849:2019
2818:ISBN
2743:2009
2695:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2552:2021
2519:2011
2491:2011
2446:2011
2339:2015
2272:PMID
2217:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2163:2023
2141:2023
2082:ISBN
2054:ISBN
1986:2006
1906:and
1811:and
1643:and
1586:and
1535:and
1474:and
1468:bark
1362:deer
1273:and
1170:and
1068:76.9
1058:9.90
1053:1.90
1048:0.00
1043:0.00
1038:0.00
1033:0.00
1028:0.40
1023:9.80
1018:7.90
993:1.15
988:1.47
983:2.75
978:3.74
973:3.48
968:4.10
963:3.74
958:3.01
953:1.97
948:0.84
943:0.79
938:0.97
896:(3)
836:(0)
831:(6)
826:(8)
821:(3)
784:26.3
774:18.7
769:32.2
764:44.3
759:52.5
754:54.7
749:49.7
744:38.1
739:24.1
729:−3.9
724:−6.7
714:37.0
709:11.3
704:26.0
699:41.0
694:55.0
689:63.8
684:66.0
679:60.8
674:50.1
669:35.5
664:21.4
644:47.7
639:20.1
634:33.2
629:49.8
624:65.7
619:75.1
614:77.2
609:72.0
604:62.1
599:46.8
594:34.0
589:20.7
584:15.1
571:(4)
521:(6)
516:(2)
446:(8)
433:Dec
430:Nov
427:Oct
424:Sep
421:Aug
418:Jul
415:Jun
412:May
409:Apr
406:Mar
403:Feb
400:Jan
343:and
325:Cook
300:and
292:and
280:The
261:and
196:BWCA
186:The
162:1978
151:Area
126:91°W
123:48°N
89:Lake
85:Cook
33:Ib (
4932:ICF
3341:of
2814:138
2604:doi
2293:Id.
2264:doi
2107:doi
1263:ash
1096:An
924:−45
919:−39
914:−16
879:−12
874:−32
869:−41
864:−45
854:−32
849:−20
804:−16
799:−26
794:−29
779:2.5
734:8.8
659:8.4
654:4.2
385:).
383:Dfc
372:Dwb
333:Ely
194:or
5617::
3245:.
3199:.
3151:.
3139:^
3032:.
2982:.
2940:.
2876:.
2872:.
2857:^
2840:.
2789:.
2726:^
2709:^
2610:.
2583:.
2542:.
2536:.
2507:.
2481:.
2463:.
2432:.
2413:.
2409:.
2391:.
2373:.
2355:.
2325:.
2307:.
2270:.
2243:.
2203:^
2187:.
2171:^
2113:.
2068:^
2030:^
2020:.
1994:^
1902:,
1898:,
1886:,
1882:,
1878:,
1767:,
1759:,
1503:A
1388:,
1384:,
1380:,
1376:,
1372:,
1368:,
1364:,
1336:,
1332:,
1269:.
1261:,
1257:,
1242:,
1238:,
1234:,
1230:,
1226:,
1198:.
1158:,
1154:,
1150:,
904:26
899:30
894:38
889:29
884:22
839:22
834:32
829:43
824:46
819:37
814:27
574:92
569:40
564:55
559:72
554:85
549:89
544:91
539:87
534:83
529:71
524:57
519:42
514:36
504:99
499:51
494:72
489:84
484:93
479:97
474:99
469:96
464:94
459:81
454:76
449:62
444:47
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
320:.
269:.
91:,
87:,
5573:)
5569:(
4997:)
4973:(
4967:)
4943:(
4774:e
4767:t
4760:v
3331:e
3324:t
3317:v
3270:.
3226:.
3185:.
3163:.
3133:.
3111:.
3086:.
3061:.
2986:.
2968:.
2951:.
2891:.
2851:.
2826:.
2793:.
2745:.
2703:.
2658:.
2618:.
2606::
2587:.
2554:.
2521:.
2493:.
2467:.
2448:.
2417:.
2395:.
2377:.
2359:.
2341:.
2311:.
2278:.
2266::
2247:.
2225:.
2197:.
2165:.
2143:.
2121:.
2109::
2090:.
2062:.
2024:.
1988:.
909:5
844:2
809:9
378:(
367:(
190:(
37:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
