262:
559:
249:
369:
20:
240:. These encounters, which almost never amount to mortal combat, consist of head-butting, shoving, and perhaps attempts to overturn the other. It is presumed that eventually one of the males exhausts himself and withdraws from the field while the other gains access to the female. Mating occurs during nesting season beginning in the late boreal spring and ceasing at the end of the summer months.
1119:
This subspecies of turtle was the only taxa that could be observed in the four different types of environments. In addition to being distributed in practically all of Bolsón Cabeza de Vaca, and being quite abundant. These organisms can be easily observed at dawn (6:00 - 7:00 AM), usually at this time
354:
cycle of which it would otherwise have been a part. While box turtles are very popular as pets, it is important that they are preserved in the right matter. Keeping them in a more northern area where they can survive the best in ecological and physiological factor to not damage their way of living.
349:
Finding box turtles in the wild and taking them as pets, even for a short period, can have detrimental effects. Box turtles want to stay within the area where they were hatched. If one is moved more than half a mile from its territory, it may not find its way back, but may spend years searching for
324:
and many other states created strict laws against the collection of hatchling turtles from the wild. In many states it is illegal to keep them without a special permit. Collecting wild-hatched box turtles can cause irreversible damage to populations, because these turtles have a low reproductive
328:
Most turtle and sea-turtle societies do not recommend the use of turtles as pets for young children despite their popularity as such. Box turtles are easily stressed if touched excessively and require more care than is generally thought. Box turtles can be easily injured by
305:
found that over a 41-month period, about 30,000 box turtles were taken from the wild for resale. Once captured, the turtles are often kept in poor conditions, in which more than half die. Those that live long enough to be sold usually suffer from conditions such as
294:. In an attempt to cross man-made additions, turtles are often killed by cars, animals, and other hazards. They are also facing population decline from a necrotizing bacterial infection first found in this species April 2011.
337:
so special care must be taken to protect them from household pets and neighborhood animals. Box turtles require an enclosed outdoor location, consistent sun exposure and a varied diet. Without this, a turtle's
188:, but do not feed on leafy greens. Box turtles are known to feed on animals found dead on roadways, victims of being struck by a car or other rolling vehicle. Hatchlings and young turtles need more
852:
Adamovicz, Laura; Allender, Matthew C.; Archer, Grace; Rzadkowska, Marta; Boers, Kayla; Phillips, Chris; Driskell, Elizabeth; Kinsel, Michael J.; Chu, Caroline (2018-04-05).
815:
790:
297:
Another serious treatment of these animals in North
America is the capture and sale of hatchling box turtles from the wild. A 3-year study conducted in
278:, where they are captured for local food markets despite captive breeding farms. North American box turtles, on the other hand, are endangered by
668:
1149:
1085:
274:
Asian box turtles are in serious danger of extinction in their habitat because they are part of the food base of many Asian countries such as
544:
655:
642:
494:
971:
707:
681:
616:
946:
612:
823:
1068:
286:
converted to farmland greatly reduced the number of turtles in many states. The remaining land is often fragmented with
1273:
1223:
794:
108:
exceeding 40 to 50 years. There have been unverified cases of box turtles living for a hundred years and more.
1293:
301:
indicated that more than 7000 box turtles were taken from the wild for commercial trade. A similar study in
444:
1111:
470:
457:
409:
25:
1009:
1248:
101:
are complex and the capture of turtles can have serious detrimental effects on the wild population.
1268:
1153:
1089:
535:
431:
422:
1041:
1191:
854:"Investigation of multiple mortality events in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)"
694:
507:
475:
192:
and prefer a carnivorous diet, to which, as they grow, they incorporate more and more plants.
339:
975:
865:
624:
81:, which is hinged at the bottom, allowing the animal to close its shell tightly to escape
8:
950:
869:
1283:
1278:
896:
853:
637:
607:
564:
485:
401:
254:
98:
180:, among other things. During their first five to six years of life they are primarily
947:"Passage of the Louisiana Law Prohibiting the Commercial Harvest Of Wild Box Turtles"
901:
883:
689:
676:
594:
522:
502:
1263:
891:
873:
767:
732:
727:
718:
629:
514:
462:
414:
373:
201:
94:
90:
55:
1227:
1072:
1065:
878:
540:
105:
45:
261:
1288:
212:. This sound can be used to scare away predators and even also as some kind of
121:
70:
1120:
they are located feeding on insects in both active and semi-established dunes.
558:
1257:
887:
650:
527:
449:
436:
343:
177:
248:
905:
490:
351:
307:
60:
1010:"La Tortuga Caja de las Carolinas (Terrapene carolina) en el Reino Animal"
368:
1220:
702:
574:
311:
204:
revealed, among other things, that a box turtle can make sounds with its
181:
919:
104:
The box turtle commonly lives over twenty years, with verified cases of
663:
161:
117:
41:
19:
392:
315:
302:
267:
185:
82:
65:
1243:
762:
383:
89:, behavior and appearance, and are not even classified in the same
74:
851:
321:
291:
287:
279:
209:
189:
86:
37:
757:
599:
283:
237:
225:
213:
169:
165:
149:
129:
1112:"Anfibios y Reptiles de los Médanos de Samalayuca, Chihuahua"
585:
298:
275:
232:
occur in one-on-one encounters, there are occasions when two
173:
137:
133:
125:
49:
1192:"Tortugas Semiacuáticas - Geoemídidas (Familia Geoemydidae)"
350:
it. This exposes the animal to danger and also disrupts the
233:
157:
153:
145:
141:
78:
334:
330:
205:
73:
box turtles. They are largely characterized by having a
1042:"Tortugas Semiacuáticas - Emádidas (Familia Emydidae)"
63:
box turtles, or more commonly to species of the genus
85:. Furthermore, the two genera are very different in
1255:
972:"Chesapeake Bay Program - Critter of the Month"
325:rate, as they take a long time to find a mate.
93:. Even though box turtles became very popular
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1109:
839:North American Box Turtles: A Natural History
837:Dodd, Kenneth. "Courtship and reproduction".
363:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
290:and urban projects, destroying the animals'
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1167:
1125:
895:
877:
791:"Cómo alimentar a las tortugas de tierra"
16:Common name for several species of turtle
1249:Integrated Taxonomic Information Service
1152:(in Spanish). 2007-11-10. Archived from
1088:(in Spanish). 2008-10-24. Archived from
1066:Terrapene ornata - Tortuga caja decorada
989:
793:(in Spanish). 2007-12-06. Archived from
557:
367:
260:
247:
18:
1209:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
785:
783:
1256:
571:
265:Geographic distribution of the genus
120:. Their eagle eyes and keen sense of
1230:- Tortuga caja Carenada (in Spanish)
1027:
780:
553:
236:will compete for access to the same
13:
389:
381:
14:
1305:
1237:
920:"Box Turtle Partnership of Texas"
836:
714:
1110:Lemos Espinal, Julio A (2007).
1103:
1078:
1059:
243:
44:. It may refer to those of the
36:is the common name for several
964:
939:
912:
845:
830:
808:
581:
1:
773:
124:help them find foods such as
974:. 2007-11-18. Archived from
879:10.1371/journal.pone.0195617
445:Terrapene carolina triunguis
200:A recent study conducted by
7:
751:
471:Terrapene carolina yucatana
458:Terrapene carolina mexicana
410:Terrapene carolina carolina
358:
224:While it appears that most
195:
184:. Adults tend to be mostly
26:Terrapene carolina carolina
10:
1310:
605:Yellow-headed box turtle,
364:North American box turtles
739:Pyxidea mouhotii mouhotii
219:
1274:Turtles of North America
635:Indochinese box turtle,
562:Indo-Chinese box turtle
536:Terrapene ornata luteola
432:Terrapene carolina major
423:Terrapene carolina bauri
816:"Box Turtle Fact Sheet"
523:Terrapene ornata ornata
442:Three-toed box turtle,
429:Gulf Coast box turtle,
342:can be stunted and its
111:
744:Pyxidea mouhotii obsti
568:
483:Coahuilan box turtle,
378:
271:
258:
30:
648:McCord's box turtle,
561:
371:
264:
251:
22:
1294:Reptile common names
826:on 18 December 2007.
674:Golden coin turtle,
625:Cuora flavomarginata
622:Chinese box turtle,
592:Amboina box turtle,
500:Spotted box turtle,
468:Yucatán box turtle,
455:Mexican box turtle,
420:Florida box turtle,
407:Eastern box turtle,
1156:on 10 November 2007
978:on 18 November 2007
870:2018PLoSO..1395617A
725:Keeled box turtle,
700:Zhou's box turtle,
687:Yunnan box turtle,
533:Desert box turtle,
520:Ornate box turtle,
1226:2007-12-26 at the
1092:on 24 October 2008
1071:2007-12-20 at the
797:on 6 December 2007
661:Pan's box turtle,
638:Cuora galbinifrons
608:Cuora aurocapitata
569:
565:Cuora galbinifrons
486:Terrapene coahuila
402:Terrapene carolina
379:
272:
259:
255:Terrapene carolina
230:Terrapene carolina
31:
690:Cuora yunnanensis
677:Cuora trifasciata
595:Cuora amboinensis
554:Asian box turtles
503:Terrapene nelsoni
282:destruction. The
252:Mating battle of
97:, their needs in
1301:
1244:Reptile Database
1231:
1221:Pyxidea mouhotii
1218:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1196:www.damisela.com
1188:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1146:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1046:www.damisela.com
1038:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1014:www.damisela.com
1006:
987:
986:
984:
983:
968:
962:
961:
959:
958:
949:. Archived from
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
924:
916:
910:
909:
899:
881:
849:
843:
842:
834:
828:
827:
822:. Archived from
812:
806:
805:
803:
802:
787:
768:Asian box turtle
728:Pyxidea mouhotii
515:Terrapene ornata
374:Terrapene ornata
202:Davidson College
116:Box turtles are
59:, which are the
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1269:Turtles of Asia
1254:
1253:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1228:Wayback Machine
1219:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1126:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1086:"Supertortugas"
1084:
1083:
1079:
1073:Wayback Machine
1064:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1007:
990:
981:
979:
970:
969:
965:
956:
954:
945:
944:
940:
931:
929:
922:
918:
917:
913:
864:(4): e0195617.
850:
846:
835:
831:
814:
813:
809:
800:
798:
789:
788:
781:
776:
754:
722:
589:
579:
556:
397:
387:
366:
361:
246:
222:
208:that exceed 75
198:
114:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1238:External links
1236:
1233:
1232:
1208:
1166:
1124:
1117:(in Spanish).
1102:
1077:
1058:
1026:
988:
963:
938:
911:
844:
829:
807:
778:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
765:
760:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
741:
721:
713:
712:
711:
698:
685:
672:
659:
646:
633:
620:
603:
588:
580:
578:
570:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:
548:
531:
511:
498:
481:
480:
479:
466:
453:
440:
427:
426:(Taylor, 1894)
418:
396:
388:
386:
380:
365:
362:
360:
357:
245:
242:
221:
218:
197:
194:
113:
110:
77:shaped like a
71:North American
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1155:
1151:
1150:"ProyectoGeo"
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1106:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
977:
973:
967:
953:on 2007-12-09
952:
948:
942:
928:
921:
915:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
840:
833:
825:
821:
817:
811:
796:
792:
786:
784:
779:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
730:
729:
724:
723:
720:
717:
709:
705:
704:
699:
696:
692:
691:
686:
683:
679:
678:
673:
670:
666:
665:
660:
657:
653:
652:
651:Cuora mccordi
647:
644:
640:
639:
634:
631:
627:
626:
621:
618:
614:
610:
609:
604:
601:
597:
596:
591:
590:
587:
584:
577:
576:
567:
566:
560:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
529:
525:
524:
519:
518:
517:
516:
512:
509:
505:
504:
499:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
477:
473:
472:
467:
464:
460:
459:
454:
451:
447:
446:
441:
438:
434:
433:
428:
425:
424:
419:
416:
412:
411:
406:
405:
404:
403:
399:
398:
395:
394:
385:
376:
375:
370:
356:
353:
347:
345:
344:immune system
341:
336:
332:
326:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
270:
269:
263:
257:
256:
250:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
109:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
27:
21:
1200:. Retrieved
1198:(in Spanish)
1195:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:the original
1118:
1105:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1080:
1061:
1050:. Retrieved
1048:(in Spanish)
1045:
1018:. Retrieved
1016:(in Spanish)
1013:
980:. Retrieved
976:the original
966:
955:. Retrieved
951:the original
941:
930:. Retrieved
927:www.btpt.org
926:
914:
861:
857:
847:
838:
832:
824:the original
820:National Zoo
819:
810:
799:. Retrieved
795:the original
743:
738:
726:
715:
701:
688:
675:
662:
649:
636:
623:
606:
593:
582:
572:
563:
534:
521:
513:
501:
484:
469:
456:
443:
430:
421:
408:
400:
391:
372:
348:
327:
320:
308:malnutrition
296:
273:
266:
253:
244:Preservation
229:
223:
199:
115:
103:
64:
54:
48:
33:
32:
24:
23:Box turtle (
703:Cuora zhoui
575:Geoemydidae
312:dehydration
182:carnivorous
162:salamanders
1258:Categories
1202:2022-07-07
1160:2022-07-07
1096:2022-07-07
1052:2022-07-07
1020:2022-07-07
982:2022-07-07
957:2022-10-24
932:2022-07-07
801:2022-07-07
774:References
664:Cuora pani
346:weakened.
186:herbivores
164:, various
118:omnivorous
34:Box turtle
1284:Terrapene
1279:Tortoises
888:1932-6203
841:: 87–110.
695:Boulenger
508:Stejneger
476:Boulenger
393:Terrapene
316:infection
303:Louisiana
268:Terrapene
106:lifespans
99:captivity
83:predators
66:Terrapene
1224:Archived
1069:Archived
906:29621347
858:PLOS ONE
763:Tortoise
752:See also
735:, 1862)
415:Linnaeus
384:Emydidae
359:Taxonomy
352:breeding
288:highways
196:Research
1264:Turtles
897:5886585
866:Bibcode
719:Pyxidea
710:, 1990)
697:, 1906)
684:, 1825)
671:, 1987)
658:, 1988)
645:, 1939)
643:Bourret
632:, 1863)
619:, 1988)
602:, 1798)
573:Family
547:, 1952)
530:, 1857)
528:Agassiz
510:, 1925)
497:, 1944)
491:Schmidt
478:, 1895)
465:, 1849)
452:, 1857)
450:Agassiz
439:, 1857)
437:Agassiz
417:, 1758)
382:Family
322:Indiana
292:habitat
284:forests
280:habitat
226:matings
216:call.
190:protein
166:rodents
150:flowers
134:berries
130:insects
87:habitat
56:Pyxidea
38:species
904:
894:
886:
758:Turtle
615:&
600:Suckow
545:Ramsey
543:&
493:&
390:Genus
340:growth
314:, and
238:female
220:Mating
214:mating
170:snakes
126:snails
91:family
69:, the
42:turtle
1289:Cuora
1115:(PDF)
923:(PDF)
716:Genus
656:Ernst
586:Cuora
583:Genus
541:Smith
495:Owens
299:Texas
276:China
234:males
174:birds
158:frogs
146:worms
142:slugs
138:fungi
122:smell
75:shell
61:Asian
50:Cuora
46:genus
902:PMID
884:ISSN
733:Gray
708:Zhao
682:Bell
669:Song
630:Gray
617:Zong
463:Gray
335:cats
333:and
331:dogs
206:jaws
178:eggs
154:fish
112:Diet
95:pets
79:dome
892:PMC
874:doi
613:Luo
228:of
53:or
40:of
1260::
1211:^
1194:.
1169:^
1127:^
1044:.
1029:^
1012:.
991:^
925:.
900:.
890:.
882:.
872:.
862:13
860:.
856:.
818:.
782:^
318:.
310:,
210:dB
176:,
172:,
168:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
29:).
1205:.
1163:.
1099:.
1075:'
1055:.
1023:.
985:.
960:.
935:.
908:.
876::
868::
804:.
731:(
706:(
693:(
680:(
667:(
654:(
641:(
628:(
611:(
598:(
539:(
526:(
506:(
489:(
474:(
461:(
448:(
435:(
413:(
377:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
