British Airways Flight 38

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report confirmed that the fuel was of good quality and had a freezing point below the coldest temperatures encountered, appearing to rule out fuel freezing as a cause. As in the aforementioned February bulletin, the report noted cavitation damage to the high-pressure fuel pumps of both engines, indicative of abnormally low pressure at the pump inlets. After ruling out fuel freezing or contamination, the investigation then focused on what caused the low pressure at the pump inlets. "Restrictions in the fuel system between the aircraft fuel tanks and each of the engine HP pumps, resulting in reduced fuel flows, is suspected." The fuel delivery system was being investigated at Boeing, and the engines at manufacturer

978: 717: 296: 502: 4661: 441:, at altitudes between flight level 348 and 400—approximately 34,800 and 40,000 feet (10,600 and 12,200 m), and in temperatures between −74 °C (−101 °F) and −65 °C (−85 °F). Aware of the cold conditions outside, the crew monitored the temperature of the fuel, with the intention of descending to a lower and warmer level if any danger of the fuel freezing arose. This did not prove necessary, as the fuel temperature never dropped below −34 °C (−29 °F), still well above its freezing point. 810: 888: 687: 2570: 896: 448:, probably where they ran through the pylons attaching the engines to the wings. This accumulation of ice had no effect on the flight until the final stages of the approach into Heathrow, when increased fuel flow and higher temperatures suddenly released it back into the fuel. This formed a slush of soft ice that flowed forward until it reached the fuel/oil heat exchangers (FOHEs) where it froze once again, causing a restriction in the flow of fuel to the engines. 5144: 770:(computerised engine control system). The hypothesis favoured in the report was that ice had accreted somewhere downstream of the boost pumps in the wing fuel tanks and upstream of the engine-mounted fuel pumps. Either enough ice had accumulated to cause a blockage at a single point, or ice throughout the fuel lines had become dislodged as fuel flow increased during the landing approach, and the dislodged ice had then formed a blockage somewhere downstream. 418: 729:

unusually cold (but not exceptionally so), and concluded that the temperature had not been low enough to freeze the fuel. Tests were continuing in an attempt to replicate the damage seen in the fuel pumps and to match this to the data recorded on the flight. A comprehensive examination and analysis was to be conducted on the entire aircraft and engine fuel system, including modelling fuel flows, taking account of environmental and aerodynamic effects.

1006: 992: 2594: 523:, the British Airways chief executive, released a statement praising the actions of the "flight and cabin crew did a magnificent job and safely evacuated all of the 136 passengers ... The captain of the aircraft is one of our most experienced and has been flying with us for nearly 20 years. Our crews are trained to deal with these situations." He also praised the fire, ambulance, and police services. 558:, that denounced BA's treatment of the situation following the crash. In November 2010, Burkill rejoined British Airways, stating, "I am delighted that the discussions with British Airways, have come to a mutually, happy conclusion. In my opinion, British Airways is the pinnacle of any pilot's career, and it is my honour and privilege to be returning to an airline that I joined as a young man." 908:

investigators who worked on the BA Flight 38 investigation to this incident, and looked specifically for any similarity between the two incidents. The NTSB Safety Recommendation report concluded that ice clogging the FOHE was the likely cause. The evidence was stronger in this case since data from the flight data recorder allowed the investigators to locate where the fuel flow was restricted.

406: 696: 944:, United States. Each of the ten plaintiffs reportedly could receive up to US$ 1,000,000 (about £600,000 at the time) compensation. The lawsuit alleged that the design of the aircraft was "defective and unreasonably dangerous", that Boeing "breached their duty of care", and also breached their "warranties of merchantability and fitness". Claims were settled out of court in 2012. 678:(QAR), were recovered from the aircraft within hours of the accident, and they were transported to the AAIB's Farnborough headquarters, some 30 miles (48 km) from Heathrow. The information downloaded from these devices confirmed what the crew had already told the investigators, that the engines had not responded when the throttles were advanced during final approach. 284:, United Kingdom, an 8,100-kilometre (4,400 nmi; 5,000 mi) trip. On 17 January 2008, the Boeing 777-200ER aircraft operating the flight crashed just short of the runway while landing at Heathrow. No fatalities occurred; of the 152 people on board, 47 sustained injuries, one serious. It was the first time in the aircraft type's history that a 777:-powered 777s to reduce the risk of ice restricting fuel delivery. Boeing did so by revising the 777 operating procedures so as to reduce the opportunities for such blockages to occur, and by changing the procedure to be followed in the event of power loss to take into account the possibility that ice accumulation was the cause. 766:

reproducing the suspected icing behaviour and was undertaking further investigation. Nevertheless, the AAIB believed its testing showed that fuel flow was restricted on G-YMMM and that frozen water in the jet fuel could have caused the restriction, ruling out alternative hypotheses such as a failure of the aircraft's

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situation. The report restated a previous Boeing Service Bulletin giving procedural advice that fuel switches should be operated before fire handles. It went on: "This was not causal to the accident, but could have had serious consequences in the event of a fire during the evacuation." Indeed, the need to issue

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The AAIB issued a further bulletin on 12 May 2008, which confirmed that the investigation continued to focus on fuel delivery. It stated, "The reduction in thrust on both engines was the result of a reduced fuel flow and all engine parameters after the thrust reduction were consistent with this." The

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John Coward (41), First Officer Conor Magenis (35), and 13 cabin crew members. The captain had logged 12,700 total flight hours, with 8,450 in Boeing 777 aircraft. The senior first officer had logged 9,000 total flight hours, with 7,000 in Boeing 777 aircraft. The first officer had logged 5,000 total

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had taken place in both high-pressure fuel pumps, which could be indicative of a restriction in the fuel supply or excessive aeration of the fuel, although the manufacturer assessed both pumps as still being able to deliver full fuel flow. The report noted the aircraft had flown through air that was

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During a press conference the day after the accident, Captain Peter Burkill said that he would not be publicly commenting on the cause of the incident while the AAIB investigation was in progress. He revealed that Senior First Officer John Coward was flying the aircraft, and that First Officer Conor

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On the afternoon of 20 January 2008, two cranes lifted the aircraft onto wheeled platforms and removed it from its resting place. It was towed towards Heathrow's BA maintenance hangars base for storage and further inspections by the AAIB. After assessment of the damage and repair costs, the aircraft

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Safety Recommendation 2008-049: It is recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration and the European Aviation Agency review the current certification requirements to ensure that aircraft and engine fuel systems are tolerant to the potential build-up and sudden release of ice in the fuel feed

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Safety Recommendation 2008-047: It is recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration and the European Aviation Safety Agency, in conjunction with Boeing and Rolls-Royce, introduce interim measures for the Boeing 777, powered by Trent 800 engines, to reduce the risk of ice formed from water in

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On 11 March 2009, the NTSB issued urgent safety recommendation SB-09-11 calling for the redesign of the FOHEs used on Rolls-Royce Trent 800 Series engines. A build-up of ice from water naturally occurring in the fuel had caused a restriction of the flow of fuel to the engines of G-YMMM. Rolls-Royce

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In early 2009, Boeing sent an update to aircraft operators, linking the British Airways and Delta Air Lines "uncommanded rollback" incidents, and identifying the problem as specific to the Rolls-Royce engine FOHEs. Originally, other aircraft were thought to be unaffected by the problem. However, in

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The report went on to recommend that the aviation regulators (FAA and EASA) should consider whether other aircraft types and other engines might be affected by the same problem, and to consider changing the certification process to ensure that future aircraft designs would not be susceptible to the

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All possible scenarios that could explain the thrust reduction and continued lack of response of the engines to throttle lever inputs are being examined, in close co-operation with Boeing, Rolls-Royce, and British Airways. This work includes a detailed analysis and examination of the complete fuel

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The report went on to note that the fire extinguisher handles had been manually deployed by the crew before the fuel shut-off switches. The fire extinguisher handles also have the effect of cutting off power to the fuel switches, meaning that the fuel may continue to flow – a potentially dangerous

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During the impact and short slide over the ground, the nose gear collapsed, the right main gear separated from the aircraft, penetrating the central fuel tank and the passenger oxygen supply, causing a major fuel leak and the release of oxygen gas from adjacent compartments. The right main landing

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The FOHE – one per engine – consists of 1,180 small-diameter steel tubes. The fuel flows through the tubes while the hot engine oil circulates around the outside. It is designed to provide two benefits: it warms the fuel to prevent ice reaching other engine components and simultaneously cools the

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The Special Bulletin of 18 February, stated "no evidence of a mechanical defect or ingestion of birds or ice" was found, "no evidence of fuel contamination or unusual levels of water content" was seen within the fuel, and the recorded data indicated "no anomalies in the major aircraft systems".

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The report summarised the extensive testing performed in an effort to replicate the problem suffered by G-YMMM. This included creating a mock-up of G-YMMM's fuel delivery system, to which water was added to study its freezing properties. After a battery of tests, the AAIB had not yet succeeded in

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editor, was that "The aircraft had either a total or severe power loss and this occurred very late in the final approach because the pilot did not have time to tell air traffic control or passengers." Learmount went on to say that to land in just 350–400 metres (1,150–1,310 ft), the aircraft

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sacrificed speed, which reduced to 108 knots (200 km/h; 124 mph) at 200 feet (61 m). The autopilot disconnected at 150 feet (46 m), as the first officer took manual control. Meanwhile, the captain reduced the flap setting from 30 to 25° to decrease the drag on the aircraft and

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All flights in and out of Heathrow were halted for a short time after the accident. When operations resumed, many long-haul outbound flights were either delayed or cancelled, and all short-haul flights were cancelled for the rest of the day. Some inbound flights were delayed, and 24 flights were

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The investigation has shown that fuel to both engines was restricted, most probably due to ice within the fuel feed system. The ice was likely to have formed from water that occurred naturally in the fuel whilst the aircraft operated for a long period, with low fuel flows, in an unusually cold

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Flight 18 from Shanghai to Atlanta, another Trent 800-powered Boeing 777, experienced an "uncommanded rollback" of one engine while in cruise at 39,000 feet (12,000 m). The crew followed manual recovery procedures and the flight continued without incident. The US NTSB assigned one of the

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system commanded an increase in thrust from both engines. The engines both initially responded, but after about 3 seconds, the thrust of the right engine reduced. Some eight seconds later the thrust reduced on the left engine to a similar level. The engines did not shut down and both engines

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was the rear spar of the aircraft's wing; because this spar also formed the rear wall of the main fuel tanks, the crash landing caused the tanks to rupture. The report recommended that Boeing redesign the landing gear attachment to reduce the likelihood of fuel loss in similar circumstances.

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Accreted ice in a fuel system test rig used to investigate the crash of BA Flight 38 (G-YMMM). This ice accumulation did not cause the failure. It was when this ice was released at a warmer temperature and higher fuel flow that it flowed downstream, blocking fuel flow into the fuel/oil heat

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Magenis was also present on the flight deck at the time of the accident. Coward was more forthcoming in a later interview, stating: "As the final approach started I became aware that there was no power ... suddenly there was nothing from any of the engines, and the plane started to glide."

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The Special Bulletin of 12 May 2008 specifically ruled out certain other possible causes, stating: "There is no evidence of a wake vortex encounter, a bird strike, or core engine icing. There is no evidence of any anomalous behaviour of any of the aircraft or engine systems that suggests

539:. In an attempt to minimise further travel disruptions, Heathrow Airport received dispensation from the Department for Transport to operate some night flights. Even so, the following day (18 January), 113 short-haul flights were cancelled because crews and aircraft were out of position. 543:

was declared to be damaged beyond economic repair (despite still being largely intact) and written off, becoming the first Boeing 777 hull loss in history. It was broken up and scrapped in the spring of 2009. The dismantling and disposal was handled by Air Salvage International.

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had already started on redesigning the component, with an in-service date of March 2010 at the latest. All affected engines were to be fitted with the redesigned component within six months of its certification. In May 2010 the Airworthiness Directive was extended to cover the

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Illustration of cavitation in the high pressure fuel pumps used in the Trent 800 engines on the Boeing 777. When fuel flowing into the pump falls to very low pressure, gas bubbles form in the fuel. Bubble collapse on the high pressure side can cause damage to the pump's outlet

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The specification for Jet A-1 fuel requires a maximum freezing point of −47 °C (−53 °F). Depending on its exact composition, the actual freezing point can be lower than this. Subsequent testing found that the fuel on board G-YMMM had a freezing point of −57 °C

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gear also penetrated the cabin space, causing the sole serious injury in this accident to a passenger in seat 30K. The left main gear was pushed up through the wing, as it was designed to do in case of failure due to excessive vertical load. The aircraft came to rest on the

704: 702: 698: 697: 703: 879:, affecting all 777 airframes, which had yet to incorporate the Boeing Service Bulletin (SB 777-28-0025) – as was the case with G-YMMM – was given as the main reason for issuing the first special bulletin, well before the accident investigation itself was complete. 2279:

Safety Recommendation 2008-048: It is recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration and the European Aviation Safety Agency should take immediate action to consider the implications of the findings of this investigation on other certificated airframe/engine

554:. Five months after the accident, Burkill flew again, taking charge of a flight to Montreal, Canada. He remained "haunted" by the incident, and took voluntary redundancy from British Airways in August 2009. Burkill subsequently established a blog and wrote a book, 589:. An electronic or software glitch in the computerised engine-control systems was suggested as possible causes of the simultaneous loss of power on both engines. Both engine and computer problems were ruled out by the findings of the February Special Bulletin. 2158:

Initial indications from the interviews and Flight Recorder analyses show the flight and approach to have progressed normally until the aircraft was established on late finals for Runway 27L. At approximately 600 ft and 2 miles from touch down, the

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The FOHE, although compliant with the applicable certification requirements, was shown to be susceptible to restriction when presented with soft ice in a high concentration, with a fuel temperature that is below −10 °C and a fuel flow above flight

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The first symptoms of the fuel-flow restriction were noticed by the flight crew at an altitude of 720 feet (220 m) and 2 miles (3.2 km) from touchdown, when the engines repeatedly failed to respond to a demand for increased thrust from the

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27L. The captain declared an emergency to air traffic control a few seconds before landing. The decision to raise the flaps allowed the plane to glide beyond the ILS beacon within the airport perimeter, thus avoiding more substantial damage.

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The CVR and FDR have been successfully downloaded at the AAIB laboratories at Farnborough and both records cover the critical final stages of the flight. The QAR was downloaded with the assistance of British Airways and the equipment

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also participating. The investigation took two years to complete, and the AAIB published its final report on 9 February 2010. Three preliminary reports and 18 safety recommendations were issued during the course of the investigation.

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Ice had formed within the fuel system, from water that occurred naturally in the fuel, whilst the aircraft operated with low fuel flows over a long period and the localised fuel temperatures were in an area described as the 'sticky

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The enquiries led Boeing to reduce the recommended time that the fuel on 777 aircraft equipped with Rolls-Royce Trent 800-series engines be allowed to remain at temperatures below −10 °C (14 °F) from three to two hours.

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was raised, but there were no sightings or radar reports of birds. Speculation had focused on electronics and fuel supply issues. A few weeks after the accident, as suspicion started to fall on the possibility of ice in the fuel,

788:) that prevents water ice from forming down to −40 °C (−40 °F). Western air forces have used FSII for decades, and although it is not widely used in commercial aviation, it is nonetheless approved for the 777. 4771: 3165: 2203:

Recorded data indicate that an adequate fuel quantity was on board the aircraft and that the autothrottle and engine control commands were performing as expected prior to, and after, the reduction in thrust.

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Path of G-YMMM from first ground contact until it came to rest in the taxiway at the corner of the approach end of runway 27L. The red ILS antenna array in the foreground was narrowly missed by the aircraft.

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All 16 crew were awarded the BA Safety Medal for their performance during the accident. The medal is British Airways' highest honour. On 11 December 2008 the crew received the President's Award from the

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demanded an increase in thrust from the two engines but the engines did not respond. Following further demands for increased thrust from the Autothrottle, and subsequently, the flight crew moving the

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The report acknowledged that a redesign of the fuel system would not be practical in the near term, and suggested two ways to lower the risk of recurrence. One was to use a fuel additive (

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Laboratory duplication of ice crystals clogging the FOHE on a Rolls-Royce Trent 800 series engine taken from the NTSB report addressing the incidents of BA Flight 38 and DL Flight 18.

700: 2481: 5208: 3151: 600:, which was leaving Heathrow after dropping the Prime Minister off for a flight to China, was responsible for the accident. This interference was also eliminated as a cause. 5193: 1060: 840:

Certification requirements, with which the aircraft and engine fuel systems had to comply, did not take account of this phenomenon as the risk was unrecognised at that time.

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stated that three fast response cars, nine ambulances, and several officers were sent to the scene to assess the casualties. Those injured were taken to the nearby

2266: 2240: 2218: 323:. This restricted fuel flow to the engines when thrust was demanded during the final approach to Heathrow. The AAIB identified this rare problem as specific to 4443: 2745: 2145: 2111: 773:

As temperatures in flight had not dropped below the 777's designed operating parameters, the AAIB recommended Boeing and Rolls-Royce take interim measures on

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overseas territories; this template excludes currently independent countries formerly a part of the British Empire, and this template also excludes Hong Kong

2786: 2709: 5213: 5203: 1728: 5198: 2385: 1443: 1414: 4776: 5178: 3134: 3128: 2738: 2324: 5183: 4061: 2705: 1944:"VIDEO & GRAPHIC: Flight's safety editor David Learmount gives his account of what happened to the BA Boeing 777 that crash landed at Heathrow" 2167:, the engines similarly failed to respond. The aircraft speed reduced and the aircraft descended onto the grass short of the paved runway surface. 2073: 2305: 1146: 829:

Accreted ice from within the fuel system released, causing a restriction to the engine fuel flow at the face of the FOHE, on both of the engines.

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Some small foreign bodies, however, were detected in the fuel tanks, although these were later concluded to have had no bearing on the accident.

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at the start of the runway. 6,750 kg (14,880 lb) of fuel leaked, but no fire started. One passenger received serious injuries (

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Until March 2024, British Airways continued to use the flight 38 designation on its Beijing to Heathrow route, operating out of

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Although the fuel itself did not freeze, small quantities of water in the fuel did. Ice adhered to the inside of the

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Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom, British Crown Dependencies, and British Overseas Territories

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Mechanical engine failure was not regarded as a likely cause given the very low probability of a simultaneous dual

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As previously reported, whilst the aircraft was stabilised on an ILS approach with the autopilot engaged, the

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The investigation identified the following probable causal factors that led to the fuel flow restrictions:

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The investigation identified that the reduction in thrust was due to restricted fuel flow to both engines.

1344:"Accident to Boeing 777-236, G-YMMM at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008 – Initial Report Update" 476:

and the airport's Southern Perimeter road and landed on the grass about 270 metres (890 ft) short of

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engines and had a seating capacity of 233 passengers. On board were 16 crew members and 136 passengers.

4709: 2138:"Accident to Boeing 777-236, G-YMMM at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008 – Initial Report" 2104:"Accident to Boeing 777-236, G-YMMM at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008 – Initial Report" 1286:"Report on the accident to Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM, at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008" 5071: 4966: 4961: 4951: 4686: 4290: 4266: 4223: 4116: 2613: 2608: 1285: 1038: 848: 634:

undertook a review of their procedures for testing and draining the fuel used in their aircraft, while

563: 331:(EASA) mandated all affected aircraft to be fitted with the modification before 1 January 2011. The US 4191: 1133: 866:

of the aircraft during the accident sequence. It observed that the main attachment point for the main

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Report on the accident to Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM, at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008

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A map showing the location of the plane (blue dot) after landing and sliding through the field on the

4849: 4325: 3636: 3438: 2976: 2826: 2433:"NTSB Issues Urgent Safety Recommendation to Address Engine Thrust Rollback Events on B-777 Aircraft" 2201:

continued to produce thrust at an engine speed above flight idle, but less than the commanded thrust.

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environment, although, G-YMMM was operated within the certified operational envelope at all times.

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Report on the accident to Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM, at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008

2582: 2379:"Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 500, 700, and 800 Series Turbofan Engines" 2000: 1566: 1437:"Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 500, 700, and 800 Series Turbofan Engines" 621:

issued twenty minutes before the crash indicated that the wind was forecast to gust according to

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when it touched down. The captain also reported the aircraft's stall warning system had sounded.

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to be issued, mandating the redesign of the FOHE in Rolls-Royce Trent 500, 700, and 800 engines.

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EGLL 171220Z 21014KT 180V240 9999 SCT008 BKN010 09/08 Q0997 TEMPO 21018G28KT 4000 RADZ BKN008 –

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The AAIB issued an interim report on 4 September. Offering a tentative conclusion, it stated:

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Burkill and Coward were grounded for a month following the crash while they were assessed for

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Jet fuel contains water, as a contaminant, in concentrations of up to 100 parts per million.

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In November 2009, 10 passengers were announced to be suing Boeing over the incident in the

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and a broken leg), and four crew members and eight passengers received minor injuries.

410: 2509:"Out of court settlement reached between British Airways passengers and manufacturers" 4930: 4925: 4920: 4910: 4900: 4839: 4109: 3895: 3855: 3299: 2721:: Interview with Captain Burkill, where he recounted his experience and its aftermath 2626: 2410: 1044: 635: 4660: 4793: 4542: 3224: 3056: 2966: 389: 417: 4501: 3911: 3248: 2926: 2650: 1048: 1019: 997: 904: 863: 734: 659: 631: 149: 139: 77: 809: 4844: 4550: 4421: 4085: 3197: 887: 611: 486: 316: 2574: 5162: 4877: 4491: 3205: 2718: 983: 912:

May 2009, another similar incident happened with an Airbus A330 powered by a

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featured the incident in a season-10 episode titled "The Heathrow Enigma".

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In its Special Bulletin of 18 February 2008, the AAIB noted evidence that

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N862DA, the aircraft involved in Delta Air Lines Flight 18, seen in 2009

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considered switching to a different type of jet fuel for polar flights.

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Some speculation indicated that radio interference from Prime Minister

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NATS Altitude episode 13: Dealing with Emergencies: The story of BAW38

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caused by ice in the fuel/oil heat exchangers, crashed short of runway

5108: 4834: 4578: 4570: 4532: 1382:. National Transportation Safety Board. 11 March 2009. Archived from 709: 597: 461: 445: 361: 289: 2254:

aviation turbine fuel causing a restriction in the fuel feed system.

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engine FOHEs. Rolls-Royce developed a modification to the FOHE; the

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Woods, Richard; Swinford, Steven; Eddy, Paul (20 January 2008).

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The AAIB issued a full report on 9 February 2010. It concluded:

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were blamed as the cause of the accident, clogging the fuel/oil

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At 12:42, the 777 passed just above the residential street of

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flow path from the aircraft tanks to the engine fuel nozzles.

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List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft

767: 738: 618: 1407:"Boeing links Heathrow, Atlanta Trent 895 engine rollbacks" 785: 5174:

Airliner accidents and incidents caused by fuel starvation

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London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Airspeed Courier

1721:"Heathrow crash co-pilot John Coward: I thought we'd die" 1602: 1510: 1186: 1051:

that lost 2 of 4 engines on approach and loss of control.

2321:"NTSB investigates Heathrow-like Trent 800 engine issue" 781:

newly recognised danger from ice formation in the fuel.

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Audio interviews with Capt Peter Burkill on avweb.com:

1713: 1291:. Air Accidents Investigation Branch. 9 February 2010. 5209:

Airliner accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom

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British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash

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Aviation accidents and incidents at Heathrow Airport

1993:"Heathrow Airport Crash investigation – Pilot talks" 1962: 1935: 1453: 973: 268:

was a scheduled international passenger flight from

1031:that lost engine control shortly before landing at 1805:"British Airways to rehire captain of crashed 777" 1393: 1210: 625:criteria for wind reporting. The possibility of a 2403:"Boeing warns of ice problem in some 777 engines" 1910: 472:, then immediately after overflew traffic on the 397:flight hours, with 1,120 in Boeing 777 aircraft. 27:2008 aviation incident at London Heathrow Airport 5189:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 777 5160: 4451: 1837:. Boarding, Norway. 18 July 2008. Archived from 1971:"British Airways 777 crash landing at Heathrow" 1968: 1941: 650:'s AAIB investigated the accident, with the US 299:G-YMMM, the aircraft involved, seen in May 2007 2575:"How to Land a Boeing 777 without Any Engines" 2527: 2447: 2348:"NTSB Safety Recommendation Number A-09-19-20" 1211:Henry, Emma; Britten, Nick (17 January 2008). 307:(AAIB) and a final report was issued in 2010. 4784:Concesionaria de Líneas Aéreas Subvencionadas 4437: 3159: 2746: 2677:"Safety fears over crash jet's alarm failure" 1213:"Heathrow plane crash pilot 'lost all power'" 376:30314 and line number 342. It powered by two 3415:Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide 1796: 1643: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1041:, a Boeing 747 that lost all engine control. 5214:Aviation accidents and incidents in England 5204:History of the London Borough of Hillingdon 4062:British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident 2373: 2371: 2267:"Interim Report – Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM" 2241:"Interim Report – Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM" 2219:"Interim Report – Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM" 1802: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 4444: 4430: 3166: 3152: 2753: 2739: 2473: 1429: 38: 5199:January 2008 events in the United Kingdom 4054:Bristow Helicopters Westland Wessex crash 2339: 1906: 1904: 1902: 759:Interim Report – Boeing 777-236ER, G-YMMM 603:Initial analysis from David Learmount, a 425:Flight 38 departed from Beijing at 02:09 335:noted a similar incident occurring on an 5179:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2008 3693:Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident 3265:Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown 2724:Interview with Heathrow ATC Controllers 2506: 2479: 2368: 2345: 1534:"Life in the shadow of Heathrow Airport" 1235: 894: 886: 808: 720:Mock-up of G-YMMM's fuel delivery system 715: 694: 685: 500: 416: 404: 294: 5184:British Airways accidents and incidents 2312: 1561:News Release – Call to Heathrow Airport 1377:"Safety Recommendation A-09-17 and −18" 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 712:similar to that used in the Boeing 777. 580: 14: 5161: 4350:Haughey Air AgustaWestland AW139 crash 2661: 2585:from the original on 21 December 2021. 2425: 1899: 1531: 1463:. Aviation-safety.net. 9 February 2010 1371: 1369: 1367: 4425: 3147: 2734: 2674: 2627:"In Pictures: Heathrow crash-landing" 2480:Beckford, Martin (19 November 2009). 2318: 2288: 2211: 2130: 2003:from the original on 21 December 2021 1827: 1749: 1617: 1499: 1206: 1204: 1171: 1169: 1167: 947: 801:electromagnetic interference." 303:The accident was investigated by the 270:Beijing Capital International Airport 194:Beijing Capital International Airport 4745:British Overseas Airways Corporation 4283:Morecambe Bay Eurocopter AS365 crash 3701:RAF Lakenheath nuclear near-disaster 3602:Manchester BEA Douglas DC-3 accident 2857:Andersen Air Force Base B-2 accident 2435:(Press release). NTSB. 11 March 2009 2355:National Transportation Safety Board 2066: 1853: 1687: 1599:"Latest on Heathrow travel problems" 1591: 1336: 1117: 882: 791: 652:National Transportation Safety Board 571:Beijing Daxing International Airport 4525:British Airways Maintenance Cardiff 4070:British Airways Sikorsky S-61 crash 3955:British European Airways Flight 548 3904:Hawker Hunter Tower Bridge incident 3864:British European Airways Flight 706 3824:British United Airways Flight 1030X 3725:British European Airways Flight 411 3332:Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 2797:Macedonian Armed Forces Mi-17 crash 2664:"My escape from BA038 was damn fun" 2662:Charig, Francis (8 February 2008). 2651:"Plane passengers 'touched by God'" 2639:"Eyewitnesses on Heathrow incident" 2395: 2346:Rosenker, Mark V. (11 March 2009). 2308:from the original on 18 August 2008 2015: 1969:David Learmount (21 January 2008). 1942:David Learmount (17 January 2008). 1886:"Flight Aware Live Flight Tracking" 1782:"Air crash: '30 seconds to impact'" 1695:"In full: BA crash pilot statement" 1364: 1310: 429:(GMT), flying a route that crossed 24: 4789:Corporación Dominicana de Aviación 4772:Compañía Española de Tráfico Aéreo 4760:Compañía Aero Marítima Mallorquina 4208:Royal Air Force Nimrod R1 ditching 3522:USAAF Boeing B-17 on North Barrule 3364:Imperial Airways Handley Page W.10 2606:Air Accidents Investigation Branch 2507:Millward, David (3 October 2012). 2455:"Heathrow crash passengers to sue" 2273:. 4 September 2008. Archived from 2247:. 4 September 2008. Archived from 2225:. 4 September 2008. Archived from 2080:. 12 February 2008. Archived from 2034: 1913:"Hunt for fatal flaw of Flight 38" 1835:"Exceptional honour for BA38 crew" 1507:"BA crash inquiry reveals heroics" 1349:Air Accidents Investigation Branch 1201: 1177:"Airliner crash-lands at Heathrow" 1164: 1142:Air Accidents Investigation Branch 814:exchangers (FOHE) in both engines. 305:Air Accidents Investigation Branch 25: 5225: 5115:List of airline holding companies 4398:English Channel Piper PA-46 crash 4307:Biggin Hill Cessna Citation crash 3995:British Airtours Boeing 707 crash 3928:Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 3316:Daimler Airway de Havilland DH.34 2867:Biggin Hill Cessna Citation crash 2847:Santa Bárbara Airlines Flight 518 2555: 2144:. 18 January 2008. Archived from 2110:. 18 January 2008. Archived from 2050:. 1 February 2008. Archived from 1727:. 20 January 2008. Archived from 1625:"Crashed jet removed from runway" 1404: 1298:from the original on 11 July 2013 928:and 700 series engines, as well. 857: 804: 708:This video shows cavitation in a 505:G-YMMM during recovery operations 5143: 5142: 5125:Speedwing World Network Services 4659: 4410:Includes Crown dependencies and 3292:Golders Green Handley Page O/400 3117:Continental Airlines Flight 1404 2997:Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 6895 2763:Aviation accidents and incidents 2592: 2568: 2319:Croft, John (10 December 2008). 1750:Booth, Jenny (9 February 2010). 1673:"What happens to a plane wreck?" 1653:. FlightGlobal. 20 February 2008 1532:Newell, Mike (3 February 2019). 1152:from the original on 1 June 2012 1004: 990: 976: 641: 456:. In attempting to maintain the 292:, and subsequently written off. 5093:British Airways ethnic liveries 4232:Edinburgh Air Charter Flight 3W 3971:British Airways bombing attempt 3920:BKS Air Transport Flight C.6845 3808:Channel Airways Dakota accident 3538:Broadway Consolidated Liberator 3047:South Carolina Learjet 60 crash 2500: 2259: 2233: 2172: 2096: 1985: 1878: 1774: 1743: 1665: 1573: 1565:(Press release). Archived from 1551: 1525: 1475: 1134:"AAIB Bulletin S1/2008 SPECIAL" 1097: 1088: 1078: 1033:Hong Kong International Airport 877:Safety Recommendation 2008–2009 333:Federal Aviation Administration 329:European Aviation Safety Agency 4740:British South American Airways 4390:Gatwick Airport drone incident 4200:Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C 4144:British Army Gazelle shootdown 3765:London Vickers Viking accident 3661:Little Rissington UFO incident 3586:KLM Constellation air disaster 3324:KLM Fokker F.III disappearance 3097:XL Airways Germany Flight 888T 2947:Centurion Air Cargo Flight 164 2877:Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crash 2675:Milmo, Dan (19 January 2008). 2323:. Flightglobal. Archived from 1946:. Flightglobal. Archived from 681: 552:post-traumatic stress disorder 13: 1: 4827:British Airways (BA) Limited 4728:British Midland International 4184:Mull of Kintyre Chinook crash 4152:Scotland RAF Shackleton crash 3241:Brooklands Flanders Monoplane 2917:Moskovia Airlines Flight 9675 2887:Kata Air Transport Flight 007 2297:AAIB Bulletin S3/2008 Special 1651:"BA to write off crashed 777" 1111: 350: 4453:International Airlines Group 4240:Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 4168:Llyn Padarn helicopter crash 4003:British Army Gazelle downing 3423:SABENA Savoia-Marchetti S.73 2897:Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122 2817:Polish Air Force C-295 crash 1866:. Royal Aeronautical Society 938:Circuit Court of Cook County 496: 360:The aircraft involved was a 7: 4750:British Airways Helicopters 4520:British Airways Engineering 4366:Blackbushe Phenom 300 crash 4176:British Army Lynx shootdown 4160:British Airways Flight 5390 4094:British Army Lynx shootdown 4078:Manchester Airport disaster 3709:London Heathrow Avro Vulcan 3629:Heathrow BEA Vickers Viking 3578:Northwood mid-air collision 3546:Railway Air Services Dakota 3482:Ruislip Wellington accident 2599:British Airways Flight BA38 2546:National Geographic Channel 969: 400: 392:Peter Burkill (43), Senior 355: 10: 5230: 4687:History of British Airways 4382:Leicester helicopter crash 4275:Loganair Islander accident 4267:British Airways Flight 268 4224:Virgin Atlantic Flight 024 3848:Cambrian Airways Liverpool 3840:Skyways Coach-Air Avro 748 3733:Blackbushe Viking accident 1039:British Airways Flight 009 931: 862:The AAIB also studied the 564:Royal Aeronautical Society 44:G-YMMM after the crash at 18:British Airways flight 038 5138: 5080: 5059: 5016: 4995: 4944: 4893: 4886: 4858: 4850:British Regional Airlines 4812: 4695: 4677: 4668: 4657: 4629: 4612: 4591: 4569: 4541: 4500: 4477: 4466: 4459: 4408: 4326:Vauxhall helicopter crash 4317: 4299:British Airways Flight 38 4250: 4135: 4030:Biggin Hill Invader crash 4021: 3979:Norfolk mid-air collision 3946: 3880:Holden's Lightning flight 3816:BAC One-Eleven test crash 3799: 3741:Nutts Corner BEA Viscount 3653:Farnborough Airshow crash 3612: 3498:Gibraltar Liberator AL523 3465: 3382: 3283: 3216: 3179: 3126: 3027:Conviasa Boeing 737 crash 2977:East Coast Jets Flight 81 2827:Eagle Airways Flight 2279 2807:British Airways Flight 38 2778: 2567: 2562: 1675:. bbc.co.uk. 13 June 2018 1025:Cathay Pacific Flight 780 458:instrument landing system 266:British Airways Flight 38 255: 247: 239: 231: 223: 215: 200: 189: 179: 171: 163: 155: 145: 135: 130: 84: 73: 62:17 January 2008 58: 53: 37: 33:British Airways Flight 38 4723:British European Airways 4710:Air Panamá Internacional 4342:Glasgow helicopter crash 3789:Turkish Airlines Gatwick 3757:Winter Hill air disaster 3669:Aldbury Valetta accident 3645:Aer Lingus C-47 accident 3594:Exhall mid-air collision 3391:Air Union Farman Goliath 3308:Air Union Farman Goliath 3067:Yeti Airlines Flight 101 3017:Sriwijaya Air Flight 062 2937:Sudan Airways Flight 109 2787:Transaven Turbolet crash 2542:Discovery Channel Canada 1919:. London. Archived from 1803:Kaminski-Morrow, David. 1758:. London. Archived from 1219:. London. Archived from 1071: 954:Discovery Channel Canada 648:Department for Transport 556:Thirty Seconds to Impact 511:London Ambulance Service 378:Rolls-Royce Trent 895-17 4529:Gatwick Ground Services 4192:Air Algérie Flight 702P 3987:Graham Hill plane crash 3872:Felthorpe Trident crash 3832:Little Baldon air crash 3677:Swissair Convair CV-240 3562:Croydon Dakota accident 3514:Freckleton air disaster 3455:Jersey Airport disaster 3372:Luft Hansa Junkers G 24 2700:Aviation Safety Network 2657:. BBC. 18 January 2008. 2645:. BBC. 17 January 2008. 2633:. BBC. 17 January 2008. 2534:"The Heathrow Enigma". 2078:The Wall Street Journal 914:Trent series 700 engine 383: 345:airworthiness directive 343:engines and ordered an 278:London Heathrow Airport 205:London Heathrow Airport 89:London Heathrow Airport 46:London Heathrow Airport 5067:Antonio Vázquez Romero 5033:Stockport air disaster 4604:Sun-Air of Scandinavia 4374:Shoreham Airshow crash 3888:Stockport air disaster 3781:BOAC Bristol Britannia 3685:Prestwick air disaster 3107:San Diego F/A-18 crash 2907:Kalitta Air Flight 207 2710:Part 2 (The Aftermath) 2027:issued by BAA Heathrow 1461:"Accident description" 1055:Arrow Air Flight 1285R 900: 892: 855: 815: 763: 721: 713: 692: 674:(CVR), along with the 672:cockpit voice recorder 506: 422: 414: 388:The crew consisted of 300: 5037:Kegworth air disaster 4334:CHC Scotia Flight 23R 4291:Alderney UFO sighting 4216:Knight Air Flight 816 4125:Kegworth air disaster 4038:Aer Lingus Flight 164 3749:Aquila Airways Solent 3717:Sutton Wick air crash 3506:Moordown air disaster 3348:Air Union Blériot 155 3340:Air Union Blériot 155 3007:Aéreo Ruta Maya crash 2601:at Wikimedia Commons 1569:on 25 September 2008. 1318:"Profile: Boeing 777" 1012:Modern history portal 903:On 26 November 2008, 898: 890: 820: 812: 746: 719: 707: 689: 676:quick access recorder 575:Boeing 787 Dreamliner 504: 420: 413:– route marked in red 408: 341:Rolls-Royce Trent 700 325:Rolls-Royce Trent 800 298: 4715:British Airways Ltd 4358:Loganair Flight 6780 4259:Loganair Flight 670A 3963:Court Line Flight 95 3773:Syerston Avro Vulcan 3621:Llandow air disaster 3439:KLM Croydon accident 3399:Meopham air disaster 2696:Accident description 2277:on 12 October 2008. 2251:on 12 October 2008. 2047:Flight International 2011:– via YouTube. 1861:"RAeS MEDAL WINNERS" 1809:Flight International 1145:. 18 February 2008. 668:flight data recorder 610:must have been near 606:Flight International 581:Initial speculations 115:51.46500°N 0.43167°W 5120:Heathrow Terminal 3 5088:Airways Flying Club 4487:Aer Lingus Regional 4011:Dan-Air Flight 0034 3936:1969 theft of C-130 3431:Jersey Air Disaster 3135:► 2009 3129:2007 ◄ 3087:Ryanair Flight 4102 3037:Aeroflot Flight 821 2987:Spanair Flight 5022 2837:Belavia Flight 1834 2715:August 2010 edition 2668:The Daily Telegraph 2579:Smithsonian Channel 2540:. Season 10. 2011. 2513:The Daily Telegraph 2486:The Daily Telegraph 2391:on 19 October 2015. 2327:on 25 December 2010 2229:on 12 October 2008. 2084:on 17 February 2008 1999:. 9 February 2010. 1841:on 15 February 2012 1449:on 19 October 2015. 1389:on 23 October 2011. 1217:The Daily Telegraph 958:National Geographic 515:Hillingdon Hospital 465:stretch the glide. 427:Greenwich Mean Time 111: / 34: 4046:Dan-Air Flight 240 3530:Elvetham air crash 3474:Dunbeath air crash 3447:Edmonton air crash 3132: 2706:Part 1 (The Crash) 2581:. 7 October 2013. 2461:. 19 November 2009 2148:on 21 January 2008 2114:on 21 January 2008 1731:on 30 January 2009 1587:. 17 January 2008. 1417:on 7 February 2009 1066:Runway safety area 948:In popular culture 901: 893: 816: 722: 714: 693: 507: 487:threshold markings 423: 415: 411:runway safety area 301: 136:Aircraft type 120:51.46500; -0.43167 32: 5156: 5155: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5050: 4840:CityFlyer Express 4682:History of Iberia 4655: 4654: 4587: 4586: 4419: 4418: 4110:Pan Am Flight 103 3896:Iberia Flight 062 3856:Pan Am Flight 292 3570:Heathrow disaster 3554:BOAC Douglas C-47 3356:KLM Fokker F.VIII 3300:R38-class airship 3141: 3140: 3077:Mexico City crash 2597:Media related to 2590: 2589: 2186:. 24 January 2008 1815:on 1 October 2010 1701:. 18 January 2008 1631:. 20 January 2008 1605:. 18 January 2008 1352:. 24 January 2008 1324:. 17 January 2008 1189:. 17 January 2008 1045:El Al Flight 1862 883:Similar incidents 792:Rejected theories 705: 636:American Airlines 573:, usually with a 460:glide slope, the 263: 262: 95:, United Kingdom 16:(Redirected from 5221: 5146: 5145: 4891: 4890: 4830: 4794:Imperial Airways 4780: 4768: 4718: 4698:and acquisitions 4675: 4674: 4663: 4475: 4474: 4464: 4463: 4446: 4439: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4401: 4393: 4385: 4377: 4369: 4361: 4353: 4345: 4337: 4329: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4270: 4262: 4243: 4235: 4234:(September 1999) 4227: 4219: 4211: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4179: 4171: 4163: 4155: 4147: 4128: 4113: 4105: 4097: 4089: 4081: 4073: 4065: 4057: 4049: 4041: 4033: 4032:(September 1980) 4014: 4006: 3998: 3990: 3982: 3974: 3966: 3958: 3939: 3931: 3923: 3915: 3907: 3899: 3891: 3883: 3875: 3867: 3859: 3858:(September 1965) 3851: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3819: 3811: 3792: 3784: 3776: 3775:(September 1958) 3768: 3767:(September 1958) 3760: 3752: 3744: 3736: 3728: 3720: 3712: 3704: 3696: 3688: 3680: 3672: 3664: 3656: 3655:(September 1952) 3648: 3640: 3632: 3624: 3605: 3597: 3589: 3581: 3573: 3565: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3533: 3525: 3517: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3485: 3477: 3458: 3450: 3449:(September 1938) 3442: 3434: 3426: 3418: 3410: 3409:(September 1934) 3402: 3394: 3375: 3367: 3359: 3351: 3343: 3335: 3327: 3319: 3318:(September 1923) 3311: 3303: 3295: 3276: 3268: 3260: 3252: 3244: 3236: 3228: 3209: 3201: 3193: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3145: 3144: 3133: 3057:Qantas Flight 72 2967:Qantas Flight 30 2773: 2772: 2770: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2671: 2658: 2646: 2634: 2596: 2586: 2572: 2571: 2560: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2409:. 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Archived from 1402: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1381: 1373: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1297: 1290: 1282: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1223:on 22 April 2008 1208: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1173: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1151: 1138: 1130: 1105: 1101: 1095: 1092: 1086: 1082: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1000: 995: 994: 993: 986: 981: 980: 851: 761: 706: 371: 362:Boeing 777-236ER 211:, United Kingdom 140:Boeing 777-236ER 126: 125: 123: 122: 121: 116: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 69: 67: 42: 35: 31: 21: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5218: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5134: 5076: 5047: 5012: 4991: 4945:British Airways 4940: 4882: 4860: 4854: 4828: 4814: 4808: 4774: 4762: 4716: 4697: 4691: 4664: 4651: 4642:British Airways 4625: 4608: 4583: 4565: 4537: 4502:British Airways 4496: 4471: 4469: 4455: 4450: 4420: 4415: 4404: 4396: 4392:(December 2018) 4388: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4360:(December 2014) 4356: 4348: 4344:(November 2013) 4340: 4332: 4324: 4313: 4305: 4297: 4289: 4285:(December 2006) 4281: 4273: 4269:(February 2005) 4265: 4261:(February 2001) 4257: 4246: 4242:(December 1999) 4238: 4230: 4226:(November 1997) 4222: 4214: 4206: 4198: 4194:(December 1994) 4190: 4182: 4174: 4166: 4158: 4150: 4146:(February 1990) 4142: 4131: 4123: 4112:(December 1988) 4108: 4100: 4092: 4084: 4076: 4068: 4060: 4052: 4044: 4036: 4028: 4017: 4009: 4005:(February 1978) 4001: 3993: 3989:(November 1975) 3985: 3977: 3969: 3961: 3953: 3942: 3934: 3926: 3918: 3912:BOAC Flight 712 3910: 3902: 3898:(November 1967) 3894: 3886: 3878: 3870: 3862: 3854: 3846: 3838: 3830: 3822: 3814: 3806: 3795: 3791:(February 1959) 3787: 3783:(December 1958) 3779: 3771: 3763: 3759:(February 1958) 3755: 3751:(November 1957) 3747: 3739: 3731: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3699: 3695:(February 1956) 3691: 3687:(December 1954) 3683: 3675: 3667: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3619: 3608: 3600: 3596:(February 1949) 3592: 3584: 3576: 3568: 3560: 3552: 3548:(December 1946) 3544: 3540:(November 1945) 3536: 3528: 3520: 3512: 3504: 3496: 3488: 3480: 3472: 3461: 3457:(November 1938) 3453: 3445: 3441:(December 1936) 3437: 3429: 3425:(December 1935) 3421: 3413: 3405: 3397: 3393:(February 1930) 3389: 3378: 3374:(November 1929) 3370: 3362: 3354: 3346: 3338: 3334:(December 1924) 3330: 3322: 3314: 3306: 3298: 3294:(December 1920) 3290: 3279: 3271: 3263: 3255: 3249:Cody Floatplane 3247: 3239: 3235:(December 1910) 3231: 3223: 3212: 3204: 3196: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2957:Guam B-52 crash 2954: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2927:TACA Flight 390 2924: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2774: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2686: 2684: 2649: 2637: 2625: 2573: 2569: 2563:External videos 2558: 2553: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2478: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2413:on 18 July 2011 2401: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2350: 2344: 2340: 2330: 2328: 2317: 2313: 2304:, 12 May 2008, 2294: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2204: 2202: 2189: 2187: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2165:throttle levers 2151: 2149: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2117: 2115: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2057: 2055: 2054:on 6 April 2013 2040: 2039: 2035: 2020: 2016: 2006: 2004: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1967: 1963: 1953: 1951: 1940: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1923:on 25 July 2008 1909: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1801: 1797: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1704: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1634: 1632: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1542: 1540: 1530: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1446: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1420: 1418: 1403: 1394: 1386: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1209: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1175: 1174: 1165: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1049:Boeing 747-258F 1020:Aviation safety 1010: 1005: 1003: 998:Aviation portal 996: 991: 989: 982: 975: 972: 950: 934: 905:Delta Air Lines 885: 864:crashworthiness 860: 852: 843: 807: 794: 762: 753: 695: 684: 644: 632:United Airlines 583: 499: 403: 386: 369: 358: 353: 319:(FOHE) of each 288:was declared a 164:ICAO flight No. 156:IATA flight No. 150:British Airways 119: 117: 113: 110: 105: 102: 100: 98: 97: 96: 78:Fuel starvation 65: 63: 49: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5227: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5169:2008 in London 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4864: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4845:Brymon Airways 4842: 4837: 4832: 4824: 4818: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4769: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4725: 4720: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4551:Iberia Express 4547: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4472: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4400:(January 2019) 4394: 4386: 4384:(October 2018) 4378: 4370: 4362: 4354: 4346: 4338: 4330: 4328:(January 2013) 4321: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4303: 4301:(January 2008) 4295: 4287: 4279: 4271: 4263: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4236: 4228: 4220: 4212: 4204: 4202:(January 1995) 4196: 4188: 4180: 4172: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4127:(January 1989) 4121: 4120: 4119: 4106: 4098: 4090: 4086:Hindawi affair 4082: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4034: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4007: 3999: 3991: 3983: 3975: 3967: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3932: 3930:(January 1969) 3924: 3916: 3908: 3900: 3892: 3884: 3876: 3868: 3866:(October 1965) 3860: 3852: 3844: 3836: 3828: 3820: 3818:(October 1963) 3812: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3785: 3777: 3769: 3761: 3753: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3721: 3713: 3711:(October 1956) 3705: 3697: 3689: 3681: 3673: 3671:(January 1954) 3665: 3663:(October 1952) 3657: 3649: 3647:(January 1952) 3641: 3637:Ringway Dakota 3633: 3631:(October 1950) 3625: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3598: 3590: 3588:(October 1948) 3582: 3574: 3566: 3564:(January 1947) 3558: 3556:(January 1947) 3550: 3542: 3534: 3532:(October 1945) 3526: 3518: 3510: 3502: 3494: 3486: 3484:(October 1942) 3478: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3459: 3451: 3443: 3435: 3427: 3419: 3417:(October 1934) 3411: 3403: 3395: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3368: 3360: 3352: 3350:(October 1926) 3344: 3336: 3328: 3320: 3312: 3304: 3296: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3273:Airship N.S.11 3269: 3261: 3253: 3245: 3237: 3229: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3208:(October 1899) 3202: 3198:Cecil Shadbolt 3194: 3185: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2758: 2757: 2750: 2743: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2722: 2712: 2702: 2693: 2672: 2659: 2647: 2635: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2588: 2587: 2565: 2564: 2557: 2556:External links 2554: 2552: 2551: 2526: 2499: 2472: 2446: 2424: 2407:Wings Magazine 2394: 2367: 2338: 2311: 2287: 2258: 2232: 2210: 2171: 2129: 2095: 2065: 2033: 2014: 1984: 1973:. Flightglobal 1961: 1950:on 20 May 2011 1934: 1898: 1877: 1852: 1826: 1795: 1773: 1762:on 4 June 2011 1742: 1712: 1686: 1664: 1642: 1616: 1590: 1572: 1550: 1524: 1498: 1474: 1452: 1428: 1392: 1363: 1335: 1309: 1234: 1200: 1163: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1096: 1087: 1085:(−71 °F). 1076: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1042: 1036: 1022: 1016: 1015: 1001: 987: 971: 968: 949: 946: 933: 930: 884: 881: 859: 858:Other findings 856: 854: 853: 841: 838: 834: 830: 806: 805:Probable cause 803: 793: 790: 751: 683: 680: 670:(FDR) and the 643: 640: 587:engine failure 582: 579: 498: 495: 402: 399: 385: 382: 357: 354: 352: 349: 317:heat exchanger 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 251:47 (1 serious) 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 202: 198: 197: 191: 187: 186: 183: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 128: 127: 86: 82: 81: 75: 71: 70: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5226: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5149: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4878:Maersk Air UK 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4492:Aer Lingus UK 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4468:Divisions and 4465: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4424: 4413: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4376:(August 2015) 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4336:(August 2013) 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4170:(August 1993) 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4080:(August 1985) 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4056:(August 1981) 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3981:(August 1974) 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3743:(October 1957 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3604:(August 1949) 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3516:(August 1944) 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3476:(August 1942) 3475: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3358:(August 1927) 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3342:(August 1926) 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3310:(August 1923) 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3259:(August 1918) 3258: 3254: 3251:(August 1913) 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3225:Charles Rolls 3222: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3206:Percy Pilcher 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Thomas Harris 3187: 3186: 3184: 3178: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3136: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3108: 3098: 3088: 3078: 3068: 3058: 3048: 3038: 3028: 3018: 3008: 2998: 2988: 2978: 2968: 2958: 2948: 2938: 2928: 2918: 2908: 2898: 2888: 2878: 2868: 2858: 2848: 2838: 2828: 2818: 2808: 2798: 2788: 2777: 2764: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2736: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2719:Flaps Podcast 2716: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2595: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2561: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2530: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2434: 2428: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2387: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2356: 2349: 2342: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2284: 2280:combinations. 2276: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2207: 2199: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2126: 2125:manufacturer. 2113: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2069: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1972: 1965: 1949: 1945: 1938: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1887: 1881: 1862: 1856: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1783: 1777: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1746: 1730: 1726: 1725:Sunday Mirror 1722: 1716: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1674: 1668: 1652: 1646: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1554: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1513:. 20 May 2008 1512: 1508: 1502: 1484: 1478: 1462: 1456: 1445: 1438: 1432: 1416: 1412: 1411:Flight Global 1408: 1405:Croft, John. 1401: 1399: 1397: 1385: 1378: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1339: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1294: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1207: 1205: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1100: 1091: 1081: 1077: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1002: 999: 988: 985: 984:London portal 979: 974: 967: 965: 964: 959: 955: 945: 943: 939: 929: 927: 921: 917: 915: 909: 906: 897: 889: 880: 878: 872: 869: 865: 850: 846: 839: 835: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 819: 811: 802: 798: 789: 787: 782: 778: 776: 771: 769: 760: 756: 750: 745: 742: 740: 736: 730: 727: 718: 711: 688: 679: 677: 673: 669: 664: 661: 657: 653: 649: 642:Investigation 639: 637: 633: 628: 624: 620: 615: 613: 608: 607: 601: 599: 595: 590: 588: 578: 576: 572: 567: 565: 559: 557: 553: 548: 544: 540: 538: 534: 530: 524: 522: 518: 516: 512: 503: 494: 492: 488: 482: 479: 475: 471: 470:Myrtle Avenue 466: 463: 459: 455: 449: 447: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 419: 412: 407: 398: 395: 394:First Officer 391: 381: 379: 375: 374:serial number 367: 363: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 297: 293: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 203: 199: 195: 192: 190:Flight origin 188: 184: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 151: 148: 144: 141: 138: 134: 129: 124: 94: 90: 87: 83: 79: 76: 72: 61: 57: 52: 47: 41: 36: 30: 19: 5072:Willie Walsh 4956: 4815:subsidiaries 4799:Level Europe 4696:Predecessors 4630:Destinations 4515:BA EuroFlyer 4510:BA CityFlyer 4470:subsidiaries 4411: 4352:(March 2014) 4309:(March 2008) 4298: 4293:(April 2007) 4277:(March 2005) 4178:(March 1994) 4154:(April 1990) 4088:(April 1986) 3997:(March 1977) 3965:(April 1974) 3914:(April 1968) 3906:(April 1968) 3826:(April 1965) 3727:(March 1957) 3719:(March 1957) 3639:(March 1951) 3623:(March 1950) 3572:(March 1948) 3524:(April 1945) 3508:(March 1944) 3326:(April 1924) 2806: 2685:. 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London. 2465:7 January 2118:11 August 1917:The Times 1756:The Times 926:Trent 500 775:Trent 800 710:gear pump 598:motorcade 497:Aftermath 462:autopilot 290:hull loss 256:Survivors 216:Occupants 172:Call sign 106:0°25′54″W 5148:Category 5103:Oneworld 4873:Loganair 4804:Viva Air 4755:Clickair 4117:template 3257:Maxstoke 2683:. London 2655:BBC News 2643:BBC News 2631:BBC News 2583:Archived 2515:. London 2488:. London 2459:BBC News 2439:13 March 2306:archived 2001:Archived 1997:BBC News 1927:26 March 1766:27 April 1699:BBC News 1629:BBC News 1322:BBC News 1293:Archived 1227:26 March 1182:BBC News 1147:Archived 970:See also 942:Illinois 842:— 752:— 612:stalling 537:Stansted 431:Mongolia 401:Accident 356:Aircraft 313:jet fuel 248:Injuries 146:Operator 131:Aircraft 54:Accident 4733:Bmibaby 4670:History 4561:Vueling 4412:current 2767: ( 2765:in 2008 2698:at the 2618:Archive 2519:13 July 2353:. 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