578:
874:
665:
472:
742:
890:
778:
826:
794:
31:
762:
72:
349:
842:
858:
810:
276:. In 1816, the Indian Department in both Canadas was subordinated to the British commander-in-chief. The Department was again in 1830 divided into two departments; one in Upper Canada under the Lieutenant Governor, one in Lower Canada under the Military Secretary to the Governor General. The two departments were again merged and coming under the Governor General in 1840.
684:
Given the increased military importance of the Indian
Department following the War of 1812, the separate branches in Upper and Lower Canada were reunified under the military control of the Commander of the Forces in 1816. In 1830, the Indian Department was again divided into separate Upper and Lower
328:
Initially, the administration of Indian
Affairs in British America was divided into two geographical departments. The superintendent of the northern department, responsible for negotiations with the Indians living north of the Ohio River, was Sir William Johnson who held the position until his death
195:
During its existence, the Indian
Department served both a diplomatic and a military role. Its daily responsibilities were largely civil in nature, such as the administration of justice, the management of the fur trade, and the employment of blacksmiths, teachers, and missionaries. At the same time,
524:
of 1783, it also contained a clause allowing
Indigenous peoples to freely cross back and forth across the newly established international border. This clause allowed the Indian Department to continue to maintain close connections with Indigenous communities living in U.S. territory, such as the
231:
1768); distribute the gifts that the government gave to the indigenous people in order to create goodwill. First
Nations who lived on American territory in the Midwest received gifts until 1830; in war, induce First Nations to support Britain with auxiliary troops (during the War of 1812, the
723:, and the Governor General assumed direct oversight of the Indian Department. In practice, his secretary handled most of the day-to-day operations of the department. This situation continued until 1860, when the British government transferred responsibility for the Indian Department to the
370:, the Indian Department proved to be one of the most effective military forces at the disposal of the British Empire. Many Indigenous communities were bitterly opposed to the American settlers who had risen in rebellion, and therefore they made natural allies to the Loyalist cause.
727:. During the fifteen years leading up to the transfer of the Indian Department, many of its old practises were discarded, including most prominently the annual giving of presents to those Indigenous communities who were in alliance with the British Crown.
519:
between the United States and the
British Empire in 1796. While this treaty stipulated that the British, including the Indian Department, had to withdraw from the posts on American territory that the Empire had continued to occupy in defiance of the
700:. In Lower Canada, Duncan Campbell Napier became the senior member of the Indian Department following the death of Sir John Johnson in 1830. Napier remained at the head of the Indian Department in what is today Quebec until his retirement in 1857.
495:
During much of the period after the
Revolution, the Indian Department was deeply concerned with the ongoing struggle between the Indigenous communities of the Ohio Valley and the young American republic. In the 1790s, this conflict flared into the
533:
Following the outbreak of the
Revolutionary War, and again after the signing of Jay's Treaty, many members of the Indian Department removed themselves from their homes in what is today the United States and established themselves in Canada as
647:
in 1783, the
Indigenous communities that had taken up arms as allies of the British were once again abandoned. There is substantial evidence that this betrayal deeply disturbed the members of the British Indian Department. Lieutenant Colonel
414:
was largely successful in destroying the corn fields and villages of the Six
Nations. In revenge, Sir John Johnson and his Indigenous allies carried out a substantial raid against the settlements of upstate New York in 1780, known as the
912:
The Indian Department did not belong to the army but was organized along military lines. During wars, the Department's officers in the field acted as instructors and advisers to the auxiliary forces made available by the First Nations.
597:. Indeed, many members of the Department, like George Ironside Sr. and Matthew Elliott, had family connections to the Shawnee. Other prominent members of the Department during the War of 1812 include Joseph Brant's son,
589:, mobilizing warriors to defeat the United States in a number of important battles from Montreal to the Mississippi River. The Indian Department was particularly important in supporting the revival movement led by
296:, the area of responsibility became limited to Canada and the departments were formally merged into one organization. The office of superintendent was abolished in 1844 and the direct leadership was taken over
1853:
Leslie, John F. (1985). Commissions of Inquiry into Indian Affairs in the Canadas, 1828-1858: Evolving a Corporate Memory for the Indian Department (Report). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. p. 132.
482:
After the end of the Revolutionary War, Guy Johnson was removed from his position as Superintendent General of the Indian Department on suspicion of corruption. He was replaced by his brother-in-law Sir
219:
During the period 1755–1830, the mission of the Indian Department can be summarized as protecting the indigenous peoples from exploitation by traders and land speculators (one of the goals of the
639:
During the war, the British Indian Department made repeated promises that the First Nations would not be abandoned in any peace treaty made with the United States. Despite these assurances, the
416:
292:. During the American Revolutionary War, the Southern Department was divided into two; one in the west and one in the east. In 1782 the departments received a common superintendent. After the
577:
1942:
313:
Before 1755, responsibility for maintaining diplomatic relations with the Indigenous nations of North America rested with the individual British colonies. It was only the outbreak of the
1927:
1952:
619:
in American territory that would be both an Indigenous homeland free of American settlers and an extra line of defence for British Canada. The defeat of Tecumseh's confederacy at the
623:
in 1813 was a heavy blow to this project. However, even after this setback the Indian Department won a number of important victories alongside its Indigenous allies, including the
378:
also played a critical role in the Indian Department during this time, and was afterwards granted a pension from the British government for her services during the Revolution.
402:
in 1777, warfare in this region consisted mostly of violent raids and counter raids. In 1778, The British Indian Department and its allies secured important victories at the
1326:
189:
36:
284:
In 1755, there were two departments, the Northern Department and the Southern Department; each having its own superintendent. The boundary between them ran along the
612:
During the War of 1812, a uniform was established for the Indian Department for the first time, consisting of a red jacket faced with green on the collar and cuffs.
374:
rose to prominence as a leader of the Mohawk during the American Revolutionary War, during which he was appointed as a captain in the Indian Department. His sister
260:
issued instructions for the Indian Department and maintained close connections with it. Yet, the Department was not directly subordinated to him, but to the
1331:
211:. In practice, Indian Affairs were managed by the senior officers of the Indian Department themselves, upon whose advice the Governors General depended.
1947:
741:
1455:
873:
321:
was granted a special commission as Superintendent of Indian Affairs in 1755 in order to mobilize allied Indigenous warriors in the struggle against
1922:
889:
581:
During the War of 1812, Americans accused the British Indian Department of encouraging practises that were considered barbaric, such as scalping
538:. Sir John Johnson became one of the leading men of the Montreal region, while Alexander McKee was one of the founding settlers in western
724:
825:
455:. The British Indian Department was particularly successful mobilizing warriors against the Americans in the Ohio Country following the
443:
were among the most effective Loyalist partisans of the war. Major engagements involving the Indian Department on this front included
547:
793:
664:
1937:
1932:
777:
500:. Despite tacit support from the Indian Department, the British Empire never openly sided with the Indigenous warriors. At the
199:
Theoretically, control over the Indian Department rested with the senior-most administrator in British America, initially the
643:
that ended the war in 1815 did not contain any provision for an Indian barrier state. Similar to the situation after the
561:
A separate head of the Indian Department in Upper Canada, called the Deputy Superintendent General, was created in 1794.
615:
One of the primary objectives of the British Indian Department and its First Nations allies was the establishment of an
1917:
1336:
257:
200:
761:
565:
was the first Deputy Superintendent General of Upper Canada, from 1794 until his death in 1799. He was succeeded by
624:
841:
398:
were among the most active members of the Indian Department on this front. After the major British defeat at the
1566:
696:
as Chief Superintendent to oversee the Upper Canadian branch. After Givins retired in 1837, he was replaced by
686:
555:
543:
444:
484:
471:
228:
857:
809:
707:, the Indian Department again mobilized warriors to put down the internal insurrections and the numerous
704:
131:
1407:
880:
864:
602:
598:
436:
367:
269:
220:
204:
161:
116:
1520:
The Burning of the Valleys: Daring Raids from Canada against the New York Frontier in the Fall of 1780
196:
the Department was expected to mobilize and lead Indigenous warriors in times of crisis and conflict.
628:
1320:
505:
501:
478:, a leading force in the Department from the era of the American Revolution until his death in 1807
1895:
535:
224:
181:
1817:
1635:
Citizens of Convenience: The Imperial Origins of American Nationhood on the U.S.-Canadian border
340:
became the Superintendent for the Southern Department in 1762, serving until his death in 1779.
1711:
656:, wrote many lengthy dispatches decrying the abandonment of Great Britain's Indigenous allies.
644:
521:
407:
337:
293:
1796:
317:
that impelled the British Empire to centralize the management of Indian Affairs. Accordingly,
816:
677:
456:
395:
1957:
1749:
1685:
1607:
1497:
1429:
669:
620:
616:
509:
497:
452:
360:
121:
336:
The first superintendent for the Southern Department was Edmond Atkins, starting in 1756.
8:
1775:
1559:
A Man of Distinction among Them: Alexander McKee and the Ohio Country frontier, 1754-1799
1536:
748:
448:
411:
399:
333:, who served as superintendent of Indian Affairs for the northern department until 1782.
318:
314:
149:
106:
49:
227:
about boundaries between their land and that of the agricultural colonists (such as the
184:
of North America. The imperial government ceded control of the Indian Department to the
1648:
1476:
720:
185:
1585:
1731:
1562:
689:
403:
92:
268:
became subordinated to the Lieutenant Governor of that province, while in 1800, the
239:
During the period 1830–1860, the Department's major mission was to administrate the
800:
673:
460:
391:
157:
111:
768:
653:
649:
640:
562:
432:
386:
Fighting was particularly brutal in northern New York, where the homeland of the
240:
1377:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 4: History of Indian-White Relations.
1395:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 4: History of Indian-White Relations
551:
177:
96:
77:
30:
1911:
896:
832:
697:
606:
566:
289:
45:
1168:
848:
784:
693:
539:
487:, who held the position for nearly half a century until his death in 1830.
475:
371:
348:
273:
265:
153:
708:
590:
586:
440:
428:
375:
356:
330:
261:
208:
126:
41:
1840:
His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in Defence of Canada
1671:
His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in Defence of Canada
1358:
His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in Defence of Canada
516:
322:
285:
188:
in 1860, thus setting the stage for the development of the present-day
1750:"The Indian Department and the Northwest in the War of 1812 (1807-15)"
1686:"The Indian Department and the Northwest in the War of 1812 (1807-15)"
1754:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
1690:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
1612:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
1434:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
325:, and to win over or neutralize the Indigenous allies of the French.
88:
190:
Department of Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
1734:
Officers of the British Forces in Canada During the War of 1812-15.
594:
387:
233:
1884:
Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812.
1818:"Duncan Campbell Napier; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1561:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. pp. 113–129.
1797:"Samuel Peters Jarvis; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1637:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. p. 11.
1375:
Kawashima, Yasuhide (1988). "Colonial Government Agencies."
585:
The Indian Department again played an important part in the
1943:
Defunct departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
329:
in 1774. Sir William was succeeded by his nephew and heir,
1928:
Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Development Canada
1101:
Deputy Superintendent-General and Deputy Inspector-General
515:
American victory in the Northwest War was followed by the
37:
Colonel Guy Johnson and Karonghyontye (Captain David Hill)
1953:
Canadian military units and formations of the War of 1812
1393:
Douglas Sanders, "Government Indian Agencies in Canada",
427:
The Indian Department also saw extensive fighting in the
308:
176:
was established in 1755 to oversee relations between the
1586:"Sir John Johnson; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1397:(Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1988): 276-283.
1776:"Robert McDouall; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1537:"Alexander McKee; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1327:
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
714:
203:
of the British forces in North America, and later the
1649:"William Claus; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1238:
Indian Agent and officer in the field in Upper Canada
1227:
Indian Agent and officer in the field in Lower Canada
1477:"Joseph Brant; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1379:
Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 245-254.
1263:
Interpreter and officer in the field in Lower Canada
652:, temporarily in charge of the Indian Department at
525:
Shawnee, the Odawa, the Potawatomi, and the Dakota.
1332:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
1712:"John Brant; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1498:"Mary Brant; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
466:
343:
232:Department acted in close cooperation with Chief
1909:
1408:"Sir William Johnson; The Canadian Encyclopedia"
569:, who served from 1799 until his death in 1826.
300:by the Civil Secretary to the Governor-General.
1531:
1529:
730:
719:In 1841, the Canadas were amalgamated into the
490:
40:, a 1776 portrait of Indian Department officer
16:British government department in North America
1580:
1578:
1430:"The Regime of Sir William Johnson (1755-74)"
659:
463:by Pennsylvania militiamen on March 8, 1782.
264:in London. In 1796, the Indian Department of
1862:
1860:
1608:"Indian Confederacy: The Collapse (1793-96)"
1526:
1517:
1087:Superintendent-General and Inspector-General
1518:Watt, Gavin K.; Morrison, James F. (1997).
1371:
1369:
1367:
1878:
1876:
1575:
685:Canadian branches. In the upper province,
29:
1948:1755 establishments in the British Empire
1870:Osprey Publishing, pp. 18-19, 22, 24, 43.
1857:
1389:
1387:
1385:
672:Chief making a speech to the Governor of
355:, a 1793 painting depicting a meeting in
272:became responsible for the Department in
68:
1364:
1070:
928:
663:
576:
470:
347:
279:
1923:History of Indigenous peoples in Canada
1873:
1067:
925:
593:, the Shawnee Prophet, and his brother
1910:
1852:
1632:
1556:
1382:
1091:Head of the Department in Lower Canada
605:, and Sir Willian Johnson's grandson,
410:. In the autumn of 1779, the American
309:The early Indian Department, 1755-1774
1837:
1747:
1683:
1668:
1605:
1427:
1355:
1456:"American Indians: British Policies"
1274:Officer in the field in Upper Canada
1249:Officer in the field in Upper Canada
725:government of the Province of Canada
528:
381:
1868:American Loyalist Troops 1775-1784.
715:Transfer to the Canadian government
445:Captain Bird's Invasion of Kentucky
13:
1886:Welland Tribune Print, p. 208-216.
1360:. Dundern Press. pp. 167–170.
634:
14:
1969:
1337:Canadian units of the War of 1812
1119:Second in command in Lower Canada
907:
258:Commander-in-Chief, North America
1896:"Indian Department.List of Men.
888:
872:
856:
840:
824:
808:
792:
776:
760:
740:
256:During the period 1755–1796 the
251:
70:
1889:
1846:
1831:
1810:
1789:
1768:
1741:
1725:
1704:
1677:
1662:
1641:
1626:
1599:
1550:
601:, Joseph Brant's adopted heir,
467:After the Revolution, 1782-1812
422:
246:
1938:Ministries established in 1755
1511:
1490:
1469:
1448:
1421:
1400:
1349:
1147:Second in command in the field
831:Deputy Superintendent General
572:
544:Six Nations of the Grand River
344:American Revolution, 1775-1782
1:
1933:Indigenous affairs ministries
1842:. Dundern Press. p. 184.
1673:. Dundern Press. p. 147.
1342:
752:
1901:Retrieved December 27, 2021.
1736:Canadian Military Institute.
1633:Hatter, Lawrence B. (2017).
1182:Indian Agent in Upper Canada
731:Gallery of prominent members
548:Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte
491:Northwest War and Jay Treaty
7:
1882:Homfray Irving, L. (1908).
1732:Irving, L. Homfray (1908).
1314:
1105:Commanding in Upper Canada
558:was part of this movement.
10:
1974:
1259:Lieutenant and Interpreter
1223:Resident Agent and Captain
920:American Revolutionary War
660:Post-war period, 1815-1860
546:with Joseph Brant and the
508:was defeated, leading the
368:American Revolutionary War
303:
221:Royal Proclamation of 1763
214:
1918:British Indian Department
1866:Chartrand, Renee (2008).
1838:Allen, Robert S. (1993).
1748:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1684:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1669:Allen, Robert S. (1993).
1606:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1557:Nelson, Larry L. (1999).
1522:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
1428:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1356:Allen, Robert S. (1993).
1286:
1254:
1204:
1187:
1152:
1075:
1060:
1020:
933:
918:
711:from American territory.
629:Siege of Prairie du Chien
625:Battle of Michilimackinac
143:
138:
102:
84:
64:
56:
28:
23:
1321:Bureau of Indian Affairs
692:appointed veteran agent
506:Northwestern Confederacy
502:Battle of Fallen Timbers
457:massacre at Gnadenhutten
353:The Great Indian Council
223:; negotiations with the
1133:Commanding in the field
799:Superintendent General
747:Superintendent General
705:Rebellions of 1837–1838
631:in the summer of 1814.
542:. The migration of the
294:Treaty of Paris of 1783
945:Superintendent General
681:
582:
479:
417:Burning of the Valleys
363:
229:Treaty of Fort Stanwix
1738:Retrieved 2017-02-10.
1143:Deputy Superintendent
1077:Commissioned officers
965:Deputy Superintendent
895:Chief Superintendent
667:
580:
474:
408:Raid on Cherry Valley
351:
280:Internal organization
1234:Resident and Captain
897:Samuel Peters Jarvis
698:Samuel Peters Jarvis
621:Battle of the Thames
617:Indian barrier state
510:Treaty of Greenville
498:Northwest Indian War
453:Battle of Blue Licks
361:Northwest Indian War
154:Captain Joseph Brant
122:Northwest Indian War
1898:Loyalist Institute.
1199:Storekeeper-General
1192:Assistant Secretary
867:(c. 1770 - c. 1830)
687:Lieutenant Governor
412:Sullivan Expedition
400:Battles of Saratoga
319:Sir William Johnson
150:Sir William Johnson
721:Province of Canada
682:
583:
556:Province of Quebec
480:
364:
201:Commander-in-Chief
186:Province of Canada
132:Canadian Rebellion
1312:
1311:
1275:
1264:
1250:
1239:
1228:
1183:
1172:
1148:
1134:
1120:
1106:
1092:
1056:
1055:
709:Patriot invasions
690:Sir John Colborne
529:Removal to Canada
449:Crawford's Defeat
404:Battle of Wyoming
382:Northern Frontier
174:Indian Department
167:
166:
162:Major John Norton
117:Revolutionary War
93:Guerrilla warfare
24:Indian Department
1965:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1828:
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1824:
1814:
1808:
1807:
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1803:
1793:
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1786:
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1772:
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1745:
1739:
1729:
1723:
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1708:
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1701:
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1603:
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1509:
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1504:
1494:
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1483:
1473:
1467:
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1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1380:
1373:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1288:Warrant officers
1273:
1262:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1181:
1167:
1146:
1132:
1118:
1104:
1090:
1058:
1057:
916:
915:
892:
876:
860:
844:
828:
812:
801:Sir John Johnson
796:
780:
764:
754:
744:
461:Christian Munsee
392:Sir John Johnson
315:Seven Years' War
270:Governor General
205:Governor General
158:Sir John Johnson
107:Seven Years' War
80:
76:
74:
73:
33:
21:
20:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
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1678:
1667:
1663:
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1642:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1604:
1600:
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1576:
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1534:
1527:
1516:
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1502:
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1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
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1470:
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1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1323:, United States
1317:
1272:
1261:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1180:
1171:in Lower Canada
1166:
1145:
1131:
1117:
1103:
1089:
910:
905:
904:
903:
900:
893:
884:
879:Superintendent
877:
868:
861:
852:
847:Superintendent
845:
836:
829:
820:
813:
804:
797:
788:
781:
772:
769:Luc de la Corne
765:
756:
749:William Johnson
745:
733:
717:
662:
654:Michilimackinac
650:Robert McDouall
645:Treaty of Paris
641:Treaty of Ghent
637:
635:Treaty of Ghent
575:
563:Alexander McKee
531:
522:Treaty of Paris
493:
469:
459:of 96 pacifist
437:Matthew Elliott
433:Alexander McKee
425:
384:
346:
311:
306:
282:
254:
249:
241:Indian Reserves
217:
170:
160:
156:
152:
145:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
95:
91:
71:
69:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1904:
1903:
1888:
1872:
1856:
1845:
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1756:. Parks Canada
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1692:. Parks Canada
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1614:. Parks Canada
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851:(c. 1770-1814)
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182:First Nations
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169:Military unit
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79:
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27:
22:
19:
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1848:
1839:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1770:
1760:15 September
1758:. Retrieved
1753:
1743:
1733:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1706:
1696:15 September
1694:. Retrieved
1689:
1679:
1670:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1643:
1634:
1628:
1618:15 September
1616:. Retrieved
1611:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1558:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1519:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:11 September
1459:. Retrieved
1450:
1440:15 September
1438:. Retrieved
1433:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1402:
1394:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1304:
1297:
1287:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1244:
1233:
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1215:
1208:
1198:
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1169:Indian Agent
1163:
1156:
1142:
1128:
1115:Deputy Agent
1114:
1100:
1086:
1076:
1061:
1048:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
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954:
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934:
919:
911:
849:Thomas McKee
785:Daniel Claus
718:
702:
694:James Givins
683:
678:Fort Douglas
638:
614:
611:
584:
560:
540:Upper Canada
532:
514:
504:in 1794 the
494:
485:John Johnson
481:
476:Joseph Brant
426:
423:Ohio Country
385:
372:Joseph Brant
365:
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327:
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297:
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274:Lower Canada
266:Upper Canada
255:
247:Organization
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218:
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173:
171:
35:
18:
1958:War of 1812
1298:Interpreter
1216:Storekeeper
1062:War of 1812
899:(1792-1857)
883:(1794-1832)
865:John Norton
835:(1765–1826)
819:(1728-1796)
817:John Butler
803:(1741-1830)
787:(1727-1787)
771:(1711-1784)
703:During the
603:John Norton
591:Tenskwatawa
587:War of 1812
573:War of 1812
441:Simon Girty
429:Ohio Valley
396:John Butler
388:Six Nations
376:Molly Brant
366:During the
359:during the
357:Amherstburg
338:John Stuart
331:Guy Johnson
262:Home Office
209:the Canadas
134:(1837–1838)
129:(1811–1815)
127:War of 1812
124:(1785–1795)
119:(1775–1782)
114:(1763–1765)
109:(1755–1760)
103:Engagements
42:Guy Johnson
1912:Categories
1568:0873386205
1343:References
1270:Lieutenant
1005:Translator
995:Lieutenant
985:Commissary
881:John Brant
755:1715-1774)
599:John Brant
517:Jay Treaty
451:, and the
323:New France
298:ex officio
286:Ohio River
146:commanders
139:Commanders
50:David Hill
1823:16 August
1802:16 August
1781:16 August
1717:16 August
1654:16 August
1591:16 August
1542:16 August
1503:16 August
1482:16 August
1413:16 August
1157:Secretary
1032:Volunteer
674:Red River
536:Loyalists
512:in 1795.
89:Diplomacy
60:1755–1860
1315:See also
1049:Sources:
935:Officers
767:Colonel
670:Red Lake
627:and the
595:Tecumseh
554:to the
406:and the
288:and the
234:Tecumseh
180:and the
1305:Source:
1245:Captain
1209:Surgeon
1042:Private
975:Captain
680:in 1826
304:History
290:Potomac
215:Mission
144:Notable
78:Britain
65:Country
1565:
1071:Grade
929:Grade
863:Major
439:, and
75:
57:Active
48:chief
46:Mohawk
1178:Agent
1015:Clerk
550:with
1825:2021
1804:2021
1783:2021
1762:2021
1719:2021
1698:2021
1656:2021
1620:2021
1593:2021
1563:ISBN
1544:2021
1505:2021
1484:2021
1463:2020
1442:2021
1415:2021
668:The
394:and
172:The
85:Role
44:and
1022:Men
676:at
236:).
207:of
1914::
1875:^
1859:^
1752:.
1688:.
1610:.
1577:^
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1432:.
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1068:#
1038:10
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753:c.
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951:2
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