British United Airways

7351: 1409: 1667: 1162: 1134: 1493:. His brief was to oversee the successful implementation of the board's original policy decision taken in the early 1960s to transform BUA into a scheduled airline. Although Laker had largely succeeded in welding the various constituent airlines that made up BUA into a single, integrated enterprise towards the end of his tenure while ensuring the business remained profitable, it lacked the quality of a frontline scheduled carrier. Despite the growth in scheduled activities during that period, the airline was still perceived as mainly a 1965: 1512:

projections released during summer 1967 had shown that a continuation of this trend would produce a negative result of more than £1 million in 1968 and an even higher deficit the year after. This scenario undermined the board's case for additional shareholder funds to finance the purchase of new long-haul jet equipment to replace the remaining Britannias and caused growing anxiety among shareholders, who threatened to withdraw their support unless there was a marked improvement in the airline's long-term prospects.

1949: 29: 1993: 1977: 1026:. The same month, the airline placed an order for four Vickers VC10 long-haul jets costing £2.8 million apiece. Laker personally negotiated these orders with both manufacturers. The combined order value was £20 million. At that time, the ATLB conducted a hearing into BUA's applications for over 20 scheduled route licences to enable it to expand the European network to include a number of major trunk routes from its Gatwick base, such as Gatwick to Paris, 1933: 1917: 1695:

and non-scheduled markets. Practically, this entailed increasing frequencies on existing scheduled services with particular emphasis on South American and UK domestic trunk routes, starting up scheduled routes to new destinations, securing a bigger share of the fast-growing short-/medium-haul IT market, establishing a presence in the long-haul closed group charter business and doing more contract work for overseas airlines.

7375: 7363: 353: 897:(IATA) since its inception as a result of inheriting Hunting-Clan's membership. This included membership of IATA's trade association as well as participation in tariff co-ordination with other member airlines in the organisation's annual traffic conferences. BUA also continued Airwork's and Hunting-Clan's participation in various pool agreements with foreign national airlines. On the 1226:

the idea to offer an indirect travel option between the city centres of London and Paris by combining the existing Victoria—Gatwick rail link with BUA's Gatwick – Le Touquet traffic rights. At the time, Le Touquet Airport was not linked to the French railway network. As a result, the surface journey between the airport and Paris was difficult and time-consuming as this involved an

1862:. This led to an approach to both corporations, with the intention of selling BUA to one of them. BEA, which was approached first, refused because it considered the price Sir Nicholas was asking for BUA — £9 million – too high. A subsequent approach to BOAC proved to be more successful. Sir Keith Granville, BOAC's then MD, agreed to purchase BUA from B&C for £7.9 million. 1563:(BUIA), which combined the "second-level" scheduled operations of BUA (C.I.) and British United (Manx) Airways under the new name of Channel Islands and Manx Air Services (CIMAS) and "third-level" charter activities of Morton Air Services, as well as the BUA group's stakes in Bristow Helicopters, Gambia Airways, Sierra Leone Airways and Uganda Aviation Services. 1706:, BUA's financial performance gradually improved and it became profitable again. The improved financial performance was reflected in BUA's ability to turn BOAC's annual £1¼ million loss on the South American routes into a profit by the end of its fourth year of operation and to run the UK's only genuinely profitable domestic scheduled services. 962:(CAA), for a large number of domestic and international short-, medium- and long-haul scheduled route licences to give its scheduled network the critical mass to become financially viable by 1965, and to provide sufficient work for a planned £20 million fleet of new jets comprising four long-haul Vickers VC10s and five short-/medium-haul 1778:

1960s. In return, the "National Air Holdings Board" that was to assume control of the corporations was to be given a minority stake in the "Second Force" and at least one seat on its board. To enable the "Second Force" to become viable by 1980, its minimum size was to be at least 4 billion long-haul scheduled service

1893:

including Caledonian – to make a counter bid for BUA. As well as BOAC and Caledonian, Laker Airways and a consortium led by Alan Bristow expressed interest by the end of April. Bidders were required to withdraw any application for BUA routes and undertake not to make any such application for a year.

1808:

Following publication of the Edwards report, BUA pitched for the role of the "Second Force" airline. Its bid centred on a six-year expansion plan for the period 1970–1975 that envisaged the progressive transfer of all of BOAC's African routes to itself to complement its existing African services from

1497:

and freight operator. When Stuart-Shaw took over from Laker, he strengthened BUA's management organisation by developing the personnel department, expanding the planning unit, as well as reorganising operations and engineering. He also improved the quality of the airline's marketing. As a result, BUA

2651:

on snow-covered sand about two miles from the end of runway 18, there were no fatalities among the 33 occupants (seven crew and 26 passengers) though there were two serious injuries. The accident investigators concluded that this crash was caused by the crew failing to recognise their mistake, which

1225:

service was an example of Laker turning an adversity into an opportunity. BUA's lack of traffic rights prevented it from running non-stop Gatwick—Paris scheduled flights although it held a licence for that route, which the ATLB had awarded it in late 1961. Faced with this restriction, Laker hit upon

2811:

BUA's VC10s were configured in a single-class arrangement featuring 129, rear-facing seats when used for trooping; apart from complying with the MoD's then mandatory rule requiring all aircraft used for trooping flights to be fitted with seats facing rearwards, this seating arrangement also enabled

1777:

permitted a second British carrier, the "Second Force" was to assume this role. The "Second Force" was to be assisted in attaining critical mass by way of a limited route transfer from the corporations, both of which accounted for more than 90% of all UK scheduled air transport capacity in the late

1694:

A concept called the "two-market philosophy" was the centrepiece of all these developments. This was based on the idea that BUA could only become economically viable and realise its full potential if it took maximum advantage of opportunities to develop its business profitably in both the scheduled

1389:

and a third weekly frequency, which routed through Freetown to/from Buenos Aires, were added subsequently. The third frequency permitted BUA to alter its South American route pattern. As a result, one flight terminated in Brazil and end-to-end travelling times on the new Gatwick – Freetown – Buenos

1238:

into Le Touquet Airport so that BUA passengers could be met on arrival by a dedicated SNCF train that took them direct to Gare du Nord train station in the centre of Paris. BUA's new London—Paris rail-air-rail service via Gatwick replaced a coach-air-coach/rail service it had operated on this route

536:

charter markets. It also resulted in relocation of the head office and concentration of engineering activities at Gatwick. Successful implementation of these organisational and strategic changes enabled BUA to make the loss-making South American routes profitable by late-1968 and to become the UK's

1849:

BUA's advocacy of large-scale route transfers from the corporations had not been envisaged by the committee and was opposed by the corporations and trade unions. It was also opposed by Caledonian; rather than creating spheres of influence between the corporations and the independents, that airline

1541:

with the vehicle ferry network proved a costly distraction for overburdened senior sales and commercial managers, taking up a disproportionate amount of their time. Although revenues and the workforce had doubled between 1962 and 1968, total output had risen by less than half over the same period.

1428:

had cancelled. Practically, this meant that the aircraft was built to BUA's specifications featuring the same cargo door on the left side of the forward fuselage as its sister aircraft, thereby ensuring fleet interchangeability. This aircraft was delivered on 31 July 1965. It entered service in a

1284:

While negotiations with relevant authorities in the UK and destination countries for the grant of interim operating permits to enable the transfer of BOAC's loss-making routes to South America and to ensure continuity of service were still in progress, BUA's first proving flight to that continent

1892:

that B&C had misled him about the prospects of forming a "Second Force" airline through a merger with another independent, and that he was therefore going to withhold his final approval of the BOAC-BUA merger "until the situation has been clarified". This opened the way for several parties –

1838:

and South American routes to strengthen BUA's role as the new British North-South long-haul airline while leaving BOAC to concentrate on becoming the UK's East-West long-haul carrier. BUA reckoned that this would give it the critical mass and rational route network to meet the Edwards' committee

1642:

in 1968 and return to profit by 1969. To meet the longer term objective of transforming BUA into a viable business with a stable future, the airline's top management team got several, more forward-looking developments started. These focused on giving planning and a newly created special projects

1338:

of the airline's VC10s, where the first class cabin was normally located. This modification permitted the carriage of additional freight instead of first class passengers on the East African routes. BUA's VC10s also had extended wingtips that were slightly bent downwards to reduce the aircraft's

1682:

Using a more logical approach to regroup the wide spread of airline activities into four discrete units concluded the BUA group's reorganisation and revitalisation. As a result, BUA became the group's frontline all-jet operator based at Gatwick; BUIA's CIMAS division provided all "second-level"

1536:

charter traffic, a substantial amount of which was fluctuating, low-margin short-haul trooping between the UK and Germany, constituted a large part of its business. On the other hand, scheduled services generated inadequate revenues, which were insufficient to support the airline. Simultaneous

1515:

A detailed analysis of BUA's financial results had shown that raising the airline's profile and quality during Max Stuart-Shaw's tenure meant that costs were growing faster than revenues. Other factors contributing to BUA's rapid cost escalation included high launch costs of several, initially

1511:

charges its newly acquired jet fleet incurred and substantial losses the ex-BOAC South American routes generated. Over the following two years, the airline's financial situation rapidly deteriorated. In 1966, the loss amounted to £250,000. The following year it almost doubled. Preliminary loss

2952:

BUA's change of ownership had come about as a result of the original Air Holdings board finding itself divided over the merits of backing a reorganisation of the group's aviation interests; while B&C, the controlling shareholder and original backer of Hunting-Clan Air Transport, remained

2801:

improved train timings and faster trains as well as replacing Viscount turboprops with One-Eleven jets subsequently reduced total travelling time to under 4½ hours, making this service more competitive with non-stop London—Paris flights and Skyways Coach-Air's coach-air-coach London—Paris

1768:

private sector airline to operate a viable network of short- and long-haul scheduled and non-scheduled services. This "Second Force" airline was to be licensed to complement or compete with state-owned BEA and BOAC on selected short-/long-haul routes, in accordance with the relevant

1390:

Aires – Santiago service reduced by over two hours compared with the previous routeing. The consequent overall capacity increase, including a greater choice of flights and shorter journey times between the UK, Argentina and Chile, made BUA's schedules more competitive with rivals.

416:

jet aircraft in May 1961 launched BUA's fleet re-equipment programme in support of its long-term policy to develop primarily as a scheduled airline. This was also the first time a private British airline had placed a launch order for a new jet. In January 1962, BUA absorbed

1038:, in competition with existing services of BEA from Heathrow. Although the ATLB granted BUA the requested licences for 12 of these routes, the airline was unable to use them without actual traffic rights. These needed to be negotiated on its behalf between the UK 2563:

at a height of 58 ft (18 m), 3,000 ft (910 m) short of the runway threshold. This caused the aircraft to crash into the approach lights and catch fire, which killed 26 of the 27 occupants (three out of four crew members and all 23 passengers).

1404:

In early April 1965, BUA received the first of the short-haul BAC One-Elevens, for which it had placed the launch order back in 1961, into its fleet. BUA operated the world's first commercial One-Eleven flight on 9 April 1965 from London Gatwick to Genoa.

1528:

resulting from the group's complex organisation in which many functions were duplicated and the limited opportunities for independent airlines to operate scheduled services on domestic and international trunk routes in competition with the corporations.

1091:

In May 1962, BUA revised the order it had placed a year earlier for four long-haul VC10s to two firm orders and two options; the options were not taken up following BUA's failure to obtain licences from the ATLB to operate scheduled services to Asia

1504:, the founder of Bristow Helicopters, succeeded Stuart-Shaw as BUA MD in December 1967 following the latter's decision to relinquish the chief executive role only two years after his appointment. By the time Bristow took over, BUA was losing money. 7250:

Chapter 2 – Company Development 1928–1960: Formation of BUA, pp. 23/4 Post-Merger, p. 25 & Chapter 9 – Blackbushe: East African Safari Service, pp.72/3, Central African Colonial Coach Service, p. 73, West African Safari Service, pp.

467:

that enabled BUA to circumvent regulatory restrictions preventing it from flying London—Paris direct began on 26 May 1963. This was marketed as a cheaper alternative to existing direct air services. The introduction into service of the

2614:

to London Gatwick. This was the same aircraft BUA had used to operate the One-Eleven's inaugural revenue service. On the day of the accident, the aircraft had been diverted to Linate on the outbound flight because of fog at Genoa's

1903:

aircraft the latter had leased from B&C for £12 million, thereby enabling it to transform itself into a scheduled airline. The merged entity would be known for an interim period as Caledonian/BUA before eventually adopting the

1881:

to make an offer to take over the airline, immediately applied to the ATLB for the revocation of all of BUA's scheduled route licences, requesting them to be transferred to itself. It also leaked its own version of this story to

2953:

committed to its air transport subsidiaries, minority shareholders P&O and Furness Withy, whose involvement in aviation dated back to their early support of Silver City Airways and Airwork respectively, wanted to back out

1870:, gave the Government's preliminary approval to BOAC's proposed takeover of BUA, on the understanding that there were no realistic prospects of a merger with another independent airline as recommended in the Edwards report. 1817:

and South African routes in 1972, 73 and 75 respectively while widebodied services to New York were to begin in 1974 by which time BUA expected to be able to launch commercially viable transatlantic scheduled services with

1084:, a former "BEA associate", and Silver City Airways joined the BUA group of companies. The operations of these airlines were reorganised into British United (C.I.) Airways (BUA (C.I.)), British United (Manx) Airways and 1857:

Meanwhile, BUA became a growing burden on the Cayzers' as a result of its disappointing financial performance, a situation made worse by the unexpected loss of one of its most important IT customers to the newly formed

1643:

department direct access to the chief executive and putting greater emphasis on fleet modernisation to enhance BUA's competitiveness, including an urgent re-evaluation of the airline's future long-haul requirements.

1440:. BUA also became the only airline in the world to operate One-Elevens on an intercontinental, long-haul scheduled route, when it introduced the 200 series on its multi-stop West African service linking Gatwick with 1720:

and Germany, marking the end of the airline's trooping activities. By that time, BUA's fleet consisted of 21 aircraft, 18 of which were state-of-the art jet aircraft (four VC10s and 14 One-Elevens) as well as three

2591:. It struck the ground alongside Rhein-Main's runway 25 and rolled to a stop. There aircraft was damaged beyond repair, but there were no fatalities among the 16 occupants (four crew and 12 passengers) although a 1650:

to meet the airline's future short-/medium haul requirements started the fleet modernisation process. It was followed by the retirement of the remaining turboprops in BUA's mainline fleet and an evaluation of the

1587:

The BUA group's reorganisation also entailed B&C buying out all of BUA's co-owners other than Eagle Star for £17 million in May 1968. This gave it a 90.8% stake and left Eagle Star with the remaining 9.2%.

2825:

the subsequent award to BUA of a 15-year, unrestricted licence and simultaneous revocation of BOAC's existing licences by the ATLB on 1 December 1964 enabled the British independent to officially replace the

942:

Developing BUA primarily as a scheduled airline was one of the first major policy decisions the BUA group's main board took in the early 1960s. The Civil Aviation (Licensing) Act of 1960, which abolished the

2652:

had resulted in shutting down the wrong engine (no. 1) in error following a compressor bang/surge in the no. 2 engine. In addition, the crew did not notice that an inadvertent movement of the relevant

1334:

on its East African routes. To compensate for this loss of competitiveness, Freddie Laker came up with the novel idea of designing a cargo door to be installed on the left-hand side of the forward

927:, which opened in late-April 1962. This enabled BUA's scheduled passengers to complete all check-in formalities, including dropping off their hold luggage, before boarding their train to Gatwick. 1842:

BUA estimated that it needed to invest £60 million in new aircraft, including the then latest generation widebody and supersonic aircraft, and £25 million for the associated ground facilities and

3023:

Laker Airways had acquired this aircraft in February 1968 from the manufacturer following its conversion into an 1109 series passenger aircraft; Laker immediately leased out the aircraft to

1498:

witnessed a major improvement in the quality of its promotional material and in the number of flights departing on time, making its punctuality record one of the UK airline industry's best.

1130:. At that time, the BUA group operated a fleet of 94 aircraft, which carried 1.8 million passengers, close to 200 million lb (90,000 t) of freight and 130,000 cars on an annualised basis. 2917:'s support for the independents in their endeavour to mount an effective challenge to the corporations as alternative British scheduled air transport providers was unenthusiastic, while 1553:

and to secure its long-term future as a viable business, Bristow simplified the unwieldy organisational structure of the BUA group of companies and implemented a new growth strategy.

1896:

The new Conservative government endorsed the principle of the second force but contrary to its predecessor was prepared to transfer up to 3% of state route revenue to independents.

1424:

The expansion of BUA's long-haul flying programme – both scheduled and non-scheduled – resulted in an order for a third VC10 in early May 1965. Technically, BUA took over an order

2852:

BUA's domestic route launch was delayed by British Eagle's appeal against the ATLB's original decision in early 1964 to award BUA licences to operate domestic feeder services to

2131:

In April 1961, the combined fleet of all BUA group companies comprised 109 aircraft, 57 of which were fixed-wing aircraft. Various helicopter types accounted for the balance.

1663:

as potential replacements for its "third-level" fleet. An important factor in each case was the airline's new strategy to capture a greater share of the non-scheduled market.

1014:

at a later stage. The airline planned to charge standard IATA fares on all sectors. In addition, it proposed to offer British residents flying to Singapore and Hong Kong in

642:

Airwork changed its name to British United Airways on 19 May 1960, which preceded BUA's official formation on 1 July of that year. The origins of the new name went back to

1800:

The Edwards committee considered BUA and Caledonian the two main constituents of the envisaged "Second Force" among Britain's numerous contemporary independent airlines.

6198:"T-tails for two at Kennedy Airport: the first service to the USA by a British United VC10", Vol. 115, No. 2955, photo caption p. 10, Temple Press, London, 5 June 1968 1262:

prototype on the last day of the show. After being ferried to Gatwick the same evening, it began an eight-day series of proving and demonstration flights in East and

1022:

fares. In May of that year, BUA became the first independent airline in the UK to launch a brand-new jet aircraft, when it placed an order for ten short-/medium-haul

2770:

Manx Airways had begun its existence as Manx Air Charter in 1947; in 1955, it had become part of British Aviation Services group; by 1958, it had been combined with

1432:

On 4 January 1966, BUA commenced domestic scheduled services with the new One-Elevens from Gatwick to Glasgow, Edinburgh and Belfast. These services were branded as

7530: 7407: 6183:"Commercial continued: British United operated its first service on the North Atlantic on May 1 ...", Vol. 115, No. 2952, p. 10, Temple Press, London, 15 May 1968 7334: 540:

By the end of the 1960s, BUA had become the UK's leading private scheduled airline with a 44,000 mi (71,000 km) network spanning three continents —

7600: 1115:. However, due to varying reasons, including bad weather and technical difficulties, the service was cancelled after its final journey on 14 September 1962. 4532:"Integration in Action ...: the Silver Arrow rail-air-rail service from London to Paris", Vol. 113, No. 2883, pp. 4–5, Temple Press, London, 19 January 1967 1752:

industry and its prospects in the coming decade. At the conclusion of its inquiry, the Edwards committee published a 394-page report on 2 May 1969 entitled

1622: 1850:

advocated organic development through new licensing opportunities that would permit it to compete with the corporations on an equal footing, especially on

955:

era and – theoretically – gave independent airlines equal opportunities to develop scheduled routes in their own right, formed the basis of this decision.

905:. Participating in revenue-sharing agreements with its foreign counterparts was a prerequisite for securing overseas traffic rights, especially in Africa. 7570: 1397:

joined the BUA group of companies as a consequence of Air Holdings' acquisition of Leroy Tours, Air Ferry's owners, thereby restoring the cross-Channel

2843:

total end-to-end travelling time of the initial Gatwick – Madrid/Lisbon – Las Palmas – Rio – Montevideo – Buenos Aires – Santiago routeing was 19 hours

1839:

estimate of 4 billion annual scheduled long-haul seat miles (6.4 billion seat kilometres) that would be minimum for economically viable Second Force.

7500: 704: 1782:(6.4 billion seat kilometres) per annum by 1975, and its fleet was to consist of at least 14 state-of-the-art long-haul aircraft, including three 7644: 7145:"Aviation News — UK and Irish airlines since 1945 (Update 5 British United Airways)". 66, 3. St. Leonards on Sea, UK: HPC Publishing. March 2004. 6803: 5142:(VC10 – The story of a classic jet airliner: BUA's VC10s / BUA's services to Africa and South America), pp. 57/8, Key Publishing, Stamford, 2015 2599:

flying below the critical height in inadequate surface visibility. They furthermore concluded that the assistance the captain received from his

7664: 7620: 2665: 1173:

On 26 May 1963, BUA began a twice-daily rail-air-rail service between the city centres of London and Paris. The service, which was marketed as

677:. The remaining 28% was shared among the Clan Line (8%), Loel Guinness (10%) and Whitehall Securities (10%). This ownership structure made the 628:. Hunting-Clan was originally known as Hunting Air Travel. It had become Hunting Air Transport and then changed to Hunting-Clan when it was 7400: 1566:

Air Holdings, the old parent company of the unreconstructed BUA group, became a separate holding company for British Air Ferries (BAF) and

1251:

charged their passengers to fly non-stop between Heathrow and Paris to compensate for the longer travelling times (5 hr vs. 2 hr 45 min.).

521:

In 1968, the BUA group of companies underwent a major reorganisation to improve its financial performance. This included adoption of a new

4690:"Transport Affairs: Nov. 4 starting date for B.U.A. S. American services", Vol. 108, No. 2764, p. 11, Temple Press, London, 8 October 1964 1728:

At the beginning of the new decade, BUA had an all-jet fleet, which gave it a competitive edge over its contemporary independent rivals.

2647:(161 mph/ 259 km/h to 115 kn (132 mph / 212 km/h). Although the aircraft was damaged beyond repair in the resulting 1343:, as well as an intermediate, 14-degree flap setting to enable all-year round, nonstop flights from the then relatively short runway at 1254:

The first of the two VC10s on firm order was handed over to BUA on 11 September 1964. Two days later, the aircraft was displayed at the

792:

these airlines and their associates had provided. During its first year of operation, the BUA group's 90-strong fleet flew 17.8 million

2792:

BUA inherited these traffic rights from Silver City Airways, which had pioneered Gatwick – Le Touquet DC-3 passenger services in 1953

1455:

During August 1966, BUA also introduced a new two-tone, sandstone and blue colour scheme. VC10 G-ASIX was first to appear in the new

959: 7654: 525:

for BUA that aimed to replace the dwindling number of unprofitable trooping flights with growing engagement in the more rewarding

7393: 7335:

BUA Vickers VC10-1103 G-ASIW on the ramp at London Gatwick, late 1960s. The aircraft sports the airline's second and final livery

1725:

turboprops. Scheduled services accounted for 42% of its business, IT charters for 56% and trooping flights for the remaining 2%.

1189:(SNCF). At London's Victoria Station, where BUA check-in facilities were available, Paris-bound passengers boarded a BR train to 894: 1194: 7416: 1889: 1482:

At the end of 1965, Laker decided to relinquish his post as managing director and leave the company to set up his own airline.

4447:"the Silver Arrow rail-air-rail service from London to Paris", Vol. 113, No. 2883, p. 6, Temple Press, London, 19 January 1967 569:

12 million (£234.5 million today). At that stage, it operated an all-jet fleet of 20 aircraft and employed a staff of 3,000.

7649: 7243: 7223: 7135: 2914: 50: 4705:"Transport Affairs: A.T.L.B licenses B.U.A. to S. America", Vol. 108, No. 2765, p. 8, Temple Press, London, 3 December 1964 3327:"Britain's Airline Industry – Company-by-company information on the scheduled and non-scheduled carriers, Air Holdings Ltd" 1474:

that were primarily intended for use on the airline's European IT routes. These aircraft joined BUA's fleet from May 1969.

785: 477: 4332: 7659: 2529: 1351: 1537:

development of new scheduled services and integration of existing regional operations in the Channel Islands and on the

7478: 3490: 3147:"Airline Profile – Number Forty-two in the series: British Caledonian, BCAL takes its place as Britain's third carrier" 1206: 966:. BUA's applications included a request for twice-weekly all-economy/colonial coach class flights linking Gatwick with 2619:. A normal take-off run was followed by a bang immediately after the aircraft had become airborne. The captain in the 1953: 7105: 7086: 1877:, Caledonian, which had expressed its interest in acquiring BUA itself and had already begun negotiations with BUA's 1774: 1770: 1327: 397:

At its inception, BUA assumed the aircraft and operations of its predecessors. These included a fleet of 90 assorted

391: 4675:"B.U.A. to test reaction to rear-facing seats on VC10", Vol. 108, No. 2750, p. 10, Temple Press, London, 2 July 1964 2623:

who was supervising the co-pilot at the time thought that there was a problem with the no. 1 engine. He advised the

2616: 2309: 2068: 1737: 1042:

and its overseas counterparts. Following the ATLB's decision, BUA commenced scheduled services between Gatwick and

692:

In November 1961, the BUA group's shareholders created Air Holdings as a new holding company for the entire group.

472:

on 1 October 1964 made BUA the first private UK carrier to begin sustained jet operations. BUA's takeover of the

2568: 2491: 2390: 2380: 1813:. This route transfer was to be accomplished by 1975; the East African routes in 1971, to be followed by Central, 1722: 1691:, charter and feeder services; and Bristow Helicopters assumed sole responsibility for all helicopter operations. 1612:

engineering base to concentrate all head office and as many engineering functions as possible at, or near, Gatwick

1556:

This entailed splitting Air Holdings into two organisationally independent entities under the control of B&C.

1138: 681:

family the dominant shareholders. Sir Nicholas Cayzer, the Hon. Anthony Cayzer and Clive Hunting, at the time the

7639: 2922: 2909:

despite the 1960 Licensing Act being the official aviation policy of successive UK governments during the 1960s,

2603:

at the critical moment was erroneous and misleading, and therefore constituted an important contributing factor.

2576: 2511: 2271: 1997: 1900: 1867: 1647: 1467: 1429:

single-class configuration featuring 127, rear-facing seats to be primarily used for long-haul trooping flights.

1307:, where the newly delivered jets took over from the piston/turboprop types on scheduled services from Gatwick to 1190: 1065:

piston airliners. Britannias and DC-6s operated to East, Central and Southern Africa, including non-stop Gatwick—

1764:

One of the Edwards report's recommendations was the creation of a financially and managerially sound, so-called

1218: 7314: 2600: 2299: 2101: 1716:

By the end of the decade, BUA voluntarily withdrew from its two-year MoD contract for trooping flights between

1227: 1046:

in October 1961 using Viscounts. The same month, the airline started Viscount trooping flights from Gatwick to

7350: 5681:"People: ... Freddie Laker ... Max Stuart-Shaw", Vol. 110, No. 2807, p. 4, Temple Press, London, 5 August 1965 2595:

and a passenger sustained injuries. Accident investigators concluded that the crash-landing was caused by the

1485:

Following Laker's departure from BUA, Max Stuart-Shaw was appointed as BUA's new MD. Stuart-Shaw was a former

1285:

took place on 12 October 1964. It was operated with one of the brand-new VC10s, which carried a small load of

3379:"Gone but not forgotten ... Silver City", Vol 43, No 3, pp. 43/4, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, January 2010 3129:"Britain's Biggest Independent Airline", Vol. 102, No. 2625, pp. 143/4, Temple Press, London, 8 February 1962 2900:

the South American routes lost a cumulative total of over £800,000 during their first four years of operation

2281: 1634:

holding regular staff meetings and making senior managers more accessible to improve internal communications.

1560: 1267: 1066: 515: 507: 233: 2925:

of that era opposed opening the corporations' routes to additional competition from UK independent airlines

2827: 2690: 951:(BEA) had enjoyed on principal domestic and international scheduled routes since the beginning of the post- 815:

routes to Africa, BUA also established a network of scheduled services to mainly secondary destinations in

4305:"Gone but not forgotten ... Silver City", Vol 43, No 3, p. 44, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, January 2010 5596:"British United's expanding universe", Vol. 116, No. 2965, pp. 4, 6, Temple Press, London, 14 August 1968 3237: 2736:

stationed at Stansted to carry troops under contract to the MoD; BUA's long-haul trooping flights to the

2631:

a short while later. The pilot in command followed this advice and lowered the nose pitch from 12 to six

2343:

In April 1965, the BUA mainline fleet comprised 21 aircraft (2 jets, 16 turboprops, 3 piston airliners).

1834:

under the working title "Boeing 767". The plan also hinted at a subsequent transfer of the corporation's

1570:, Freddie Laker's old company. It also assumed ownership of Air Ferry, Airwork Services, the BUA group's 1408: 1039: 7054: 7000: 6968: 6948: 6926: 6899: 6867: 6847: 6827: 6772: 6752: 6729: 6670: 6626: 6606: 6586: 6537: 6517: 6494: 6471: 6446: 6369: 6335: 6303: 6283: 6263: 6228: 6208: 6158: 6138: 6115: 6095: 6075: 6055: 6032: 6007: 5985: 5930: 5907: 5866: 5799: 5774: 5755: 5723: 5656: 5636: 5609: 5526: 5506: 5462: 5442: 5422: 5402: 5380: 5312: 5292: 5260: 5240: 5215: 5192: 5167: 5105: 5085: 5062: 5027: 4981: 4962: 4939: 4914: 4889: 4854: 4834: 4811: 4779: 4759: 4724: 4653: 4589: 4545: 4477: 4457: 4425: 4405: 4370: 4283: 4251: 4156: 4104: 4072: 4049: 4026: 3977: 3932: 3912: 3852: 3796: 3776: 3756: 3720: 3677: 3657: 3598: 3575: 3555: 3532: 3460: 3435: 3346: 3326: 3303: 3146: 3096: 7341: 2228: 2053: 1745: 1584:

B&C reportedly paid Air Holdings £6 million for the transfer of BUA's ownership to BUA (Holdings).

1382: 1085: 650:. The use of the United Airways name together with the prefix British had been agreed with shareholder 383: 225: 2864:

to connect with international scheduled and non-scheduled flights from Gatwick within a 24-hour period

449:

in May 1962 resulted in further growth, giving BUA a fleet of more than 100 aircraft and 6,000 staff.

7385: 4333:"World's First Passenger & Mail Hovercraft Service Between Moreton, Wirral and Rhyl, North Wales" 3757:"World Airlines Survey, Britain's New Board – Plain Man's Guide to the Air Transport Licensing Board" 2552: 1666: 1656: 1521: 1161: 696: 426: 418: 45: 40: 7324: 7163: 4216: 4185: 3620: 3396:"Independent Airlines: The Future", Vol. 100, No. 2571, p. 86, Temple Press, London, 27 January 1961 3183: 1118:

During the spring of 1963, BUA commenced additional scheduled services linking Gatwick with Lourdes/

1057:

fleet numbered 43 aircraft comprising Bristol Britannia and Vickers Viscount turboprops, as well as

5356:

Aeroplane – Late News, Commercial: ... while ... 127-seat VC10s will operate ... to the Middle East

4317:(VC10 – The story of a classic jet airliner: BUA's VC10s), pp. 56/7, Key Publishing, Stamford, 2015 3027:(MEA) before selling it to BUA, with handover occurring at the end of the MEA lease on 1 April 1969 2572: 2560: 2410: 2096: 2012: 1985: 1981: 1957: 1925: 1684: 1671: 1271: 1142: 948: 871:, Hunting's old base, for a limited number of all-cargo services to Africa. Moreover, BUA acted as 499:

On 9 April 1965, a BUA BAC One-Eleven became the type's first example to enter commercial service.

7020:

ASN Aircraft accident description Vickers Viscount 736 G-AODH — Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport (FRA)

4565:

Aeroplane – Integration in Action ...: the Silver Arrow rail-air-rail service from London to Paris

4500:

Aeroplane – Integration in Action ...: the Silver Arrow rail-air-rail service from London to Paris

3059:

Aeroplane – Integration in Action ...: the Silver Arrow rail-air-rail service from London to Paris

1628:

introduction of incentive schemes to help achieve above-target sales and reward cost-cutting ideas

2607: 2559:

fell below minima. When the aircraft made a second approach, it struck the outermost pole of the

2481: 2440: 2319: 2023: 1823: 1819: 1810: 1609: 1490: 1463: 1348: 1202: 1023: 924: 868: 781: 712: 453: 406: 134: 5282:"One-Eleven makes its debut", Vol. 109, No. 2791, pp. 3, 11, Temple Press, London, 15 April 1965 2370: 2148: 2038: 1969: 1281:. This made BUA the first British independent airline to commence uninterrupted jet operations. 246: 7550: 7545: 7042: 7019: 6987: 3288:"B.U.A. Link with Silver City", Vol. 102, No. 2623, p. 8, Temple Press, London, 25 January 1962 2636: 2086: 2033: 1937: 1863: 1660: 1639: 1543: 1471: 1331: 1210: 1150: 1146: 1007: 887: 836: 797: 793: 719: 643: 582:

Airwork was formed in 1928. During the 1930s, it helped establish the predecessors of the post-

402: 289: 1516:

unprofitable scheduled services, as well as an unexpected falloff in traffic as a result of a

1277:

Commercial VC10 operations commenced on 1 October 1964 with a trooping flight from Gatwick to

7150: 7125: 7119:. Horley, UK: The Royal Aeronautical Society, Gatwick Branch, and British Airports Authority. 6988:

ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47B-20-DK G-ANTB Jersey-States Airport, Channel Islands (JER)

3890:"Background to the One-Eleven", Vol. 100, No. 2587, p. 545, Temple Press, London, 18 May 1961 2571:(registration: G-AODH operating an internal German charter flight under contract to BEA from 2536: 2077: 1921: 1292:

On 2 November 1964, the first scheduled passenger service with the type departed Gatwick for

1286: 958:

In early 1961, BUA applied to the Air Transport Licensing Board (ATLB), a predecessor of the

518:

on 4 January 1966 made BUA the first scheduled all-jet operator on UK domestic trunk routes.

4874:

Aeroplane – The new road to Rio ... Mr. Laker sings the praises of the 'great and safe' VC10

2525:

During its ten-year existence, BUA suffered one fatal accident and two non-fatal incidents.

2008:

BUA and its associates operated the following aircraft types during BUA's ten-year history:

1941: 1602:

formation of a top management team comprising Bristow and the four newly appointed directors

1533: 7059: 7005: 6973: 6953: 6930: 6904: 6872: 6852: 6832: 6777: 6757: 6734: 6675: 6631: 6611: 6591: 6542: 6522: 6499: 6476: 6451: 6374: 6340: 6308: 6288: 6268: 6233: 6213: 6163: 6143: 6120: 6100: 6080: 6060: 6037: 6012: 5989: 5935: 5912: 5871: 5804: 5779: 5759: 5728: 5661: 5641: 5614: 5531: 5511: 5467: 5447: 5427: 5407: 5384: 5317: 5297: 5265: 5245: 5220: 5197: 5172: 5110: 5090: 5067: 5032: 4986: 4966: 4944: 4919: 4894: 4859: 4839: 4816: 4784: 4764: 4729: 4658: 4594: 4550: 4482: 4462: 4430: 4410: 4375: 4288: 4256: 4109: 4077: 4054: 4031: 3982: 3937: 3917: 3842:"B.U.A. Buys the One-Eleven", Vol. 100, No. 2586, p. 509, Temple Press, London, 11 May 1961 3801: 3781: 3761: 3725: 3682: 3662: 3603: 3580: 3560: 3537: 3465: 3440: 3350: 3331: 3308: 3151: 3101: 3024: 2001: 1794: 1783: 1779: 1703: 1619: 1373:. BUA's new South American flights initially operated twice-weekly with alternate stops in 963: 902: 708: 659: 651: 647: 522: 379: 7043:

ASN Aircraft accident description BAC One-Eleven 201AC G-ASJJ — Milan Linate Airport (LIN)

1713:. The acquisition of the VC10 prototype increased BUA's long-haul fleet to four aircraft. 8: 7525: 2610:(registration: G-ASJJ) operating a scheduled international passenger flight from Milan's 2584: 2556: 2120: 1749: 1741: 1550: 1525: 1255: 1054: 700: 625: 613: 609: 430: 398: 217: 179: 171: 2454:

In April 1969, the BUA mainline fleet comprised 16 aircraft (13 jets and 3 turboprops).

7510: 3830:"B.U.A. Bids Again", Vol. 100, No. 2573, p. 139, Temple Press, London, 10 February 1961 2208: 2063: 1905: 1787: 1675: 1596: 1417: 1166: 920: 816: 780:

pioneered by both Airwork and Hunting-Clan, as well as operating trooping flights from

686: 617: 562: 163: 109: 105: 2606:

The second non-fatal incident occurred on 14 January 1969. It involved a BUA mainline

1133: 7560: 7287: 7262: 7239: 7219: 7195: 7131: 7101: 7082: 3037: 2910: 2733: 2588: 2539:(registration: G-ANTB) was operating a scheduled international passenger flight from 2218: 2178: 2058: 2028: 1878: 1699: 1605:

reorganisation into four main divisions, each headed by one of the four new directors

1591:

Specific steps Alan Bristow took to reorganise and revitalise the BUA group included

1486: 1394: 1370: 1062: 912: 844: 747: 715:

were minority shareholders that owned 20% and 10% respectively of its share capital.

655: 321: 6730:"Editorial ..., Towards a British Aeroflot ... / World News, BUA for sale – to BOAC" 6355: 5124: 3483: 2783:

following the merger of Channel Air Bridge and Silver City Airways on 1 January 1963

2400: 2168: 1618:

expansion of non-scheduled operations by concentrating on lucrative European IT and

1436:. This made BUA the first UK domestic operator plying trunk routes exclusively with 7605: 7367: 3259:"By Uniting we stand", Vol. 103, No. 2643, p. 8, Temple Press, London, 14 June 1962 2624: 2596: 2592: 2158: 2112: 1964: 1859: 1740:

committee of inquiry headed by Sir Ronald Edwards, at the time the chairman of the

1567: 1104: 901:

routes, for example, BUA participated in a tripartite pool agreement with BOAC and

879: 751: 155: 147: 2701:

involving the amalgamation of 37 companies (including subsidiaries and affiliates)

7540: 7474: 7437: 7379: 7329: 3818:"Testing the Act", Vol. 100, No. 2568, p. 8, Temple Press, London, 6 January 1961 3494: 3416: 3405: 2580: 2533: 1843: 1683:

scheduled services from several regional bases and standardised its fleet on the

1575: 1494: 1456: 1304: 1201:

station. The entire journey took five hours and the minimum return fare was £10 9

1081: 860: 773: 678: 559: 446: 422: 313: 308: 126: 2567:

The first non-fatal incident was on 30 October 1961. It involved a BUA mainline

2420: 2123:

types listed above, BUA group companies also operated various helicopter types.

2048: 1339:

cruise drag and to help it overcome the instability encountered when entering a

1002:, respectively. BUA intended to inaugurate its first-ever scheduled services to 496:

on 5 November 1964 marked a major expansion of its long-haul scheduled network.

5332:

Aeroplane – Order Book continued: In Brief – British United Airways' third VC10

4336: 3226:

Airwork: A History (Chapter 2: Company Development 1928–1960 – Formation of BUA

3011: 2648: 2632: 2611: 2548: 2017: 1851: 1717: 1520:

combined with new overseas travel restrictions due to a tightening of existing

1358: 1357:

On 5 November 1964, BUA inaugurated regular scheduled services from Gatwick to

1340: 1278: 1263: 1234:. To overcome this drawback, Laker persuaded the French authorities to build a 1214: 1074: 944: 936: 789: 769: 666: 566: 533: 529: 503: 413: 387: 375: 356: 281: 277: 1873:

When the details of this supposedly confidential agreement were leaked to the

28: 7633: 7575: 7505: 7355: 7291: 7266: 7199: 2999: 2918: 2741: 1948: 1899:

On 30 November 1970, Caledonian Airways acquired BUA together with three new

1710: 1615:

putting in place concrete, long-term development plans for BUA's Gatwick base

1571: 1517: 1507:

BUA had recorded its first-ever loss in 1965, mainly as a result of the high

1425: 1019: 908: 872: 758: 731: 674: 670: 636: 621: 605: 549: 473: 434: 7031:

Classic Airliner (The BAC One-Eleven – Britain's bus-stop jet: Into service)

4799:

Aeroplane – Final News Round-up: B.U.A. makes S. America VC10 proving flight

1854:

routes, and security of tenure upon which to build a sound economic future.

1459:. This was sometimes unofficially referred to as the "hockey stick" livery. 7565: 7535: 7520: 7447: 7442: 2831: 2653: 2540: 2471: 2360: 2198: 2188: 2106: 2091: 2082: 2073: 1884: 1532:

BUA had built up the high cost base of a major scheduled airline while low-

1508: 1501: 1437: 1413: 1366: 1297: 1259: 1240: 1198: 1073:

coastal route. Viscounts also served the airline's scheduled routes to the

1058: 1011: 952: 916: 801: 743: 735: 727: 586: 583: 469: 338: 329: 1386: 1197:. At Le Touquet Airport an SNCF train was waiting to take them to Paris's 935:

At its inception, Bristol Britannias operated most of BUA's long-distance

7484: 7469: 2644: 1992: 1814: 1578: 1538: 1235: 1112: 1070: 898: 777: 765: 682: 452:

A city centre check-in facility for BUA's scheduled passengers opened in

401:

and helicopters that continued to operate mainly non-scheduled services.

118: 5743:

Aeroplane – Men at the Top: Max Stuart-Shaw, BUA's new managing director

1976: 1687:

turboprop, while its Morton Air Services division offered "third-level"

1221:— Paris République Coach Station £11 return coach-air-coach fare. BUA's 386:

in July 1960, making it the largest wholly private airline based in the

7595: 7464: 7454: 4124:

Aeroplane – Commercial Aviation Affairs (continued): B.U.A. to Tenerife

2861: 2857: 2771: 2238: 2043: 1932: 1916: 1874: 1652: 1362: 1248: 1096: 604:

By the time Airwork merged with Hunting-Clan to form BUA, the former's

7415: 2891:

Stuart-Shaw eventually retired early from the group due to poor health

1231: 437:. Silver City's pre-merger status as the main independent provider of 6848:"British Caledonian, BCAL takes its place as Britain's third carrier" 4176:, Vol. 101, No. 2606, p. 422, Temple Press, London, 28 September 1961 3097:"British Caledonian, BCAL takes its place as Britain's third carrier" 1835: 1831: 1655:

and Super VC10 for its future long-haul requirements, as well as the

1398: 1303:

VC10s also replaced Britannias and DC-6s on BUA's routes to East and

1289:

comprising BUA MD Laker and a high-ranking British trade delegation.

1123: 1053:

At the start of the 1961–62 winter timetable in November 1961, BUA's

995: 991: 856: 852: 848: 824: 820: 754: 695:

In January 1962, British Aviation Services joined the merged entity.

633: 511: 481: 438: 7325:

British United Airways — BUA at the Aviation Safety Network Database

5358:, Vol. 110, No. 2815, p. 34, Temple Press, London, 30 September 1965 4876:, Vol. 108, No. 2766, pp. 4/5, Temple Press, London, 22 October 1964 3061:, Vol. 113, No. 2883, pp. 4–6, Temple Press, London, 19 January 1967 2714:

was the only scheduled all-freight service between Europe and Africa

1193:. At Gatwick they transferred to a BUA Viscount, which flew them to 1031: 919:(BR) to create a £100,000 city centre check-in facility in London's 832: 7555: 7459: 7261:. 43, 11. Hersham, UK: Ian Allan Publishing: 46–50. November 2010. 6646:

Airliner World (BUA – British United Airways – A Step back in Time)

5745:, Vol. 110, No. 2828, p. 22, Temple Press, London, 30 December 1965 4636:"Second Farnborough Report: B.U.A. VC10 shown before African tour" 4126:, Vol. 101, No. 2608, p. 503, Temple Press, London, 12 October 1961 2737: 2640: 2628: 2620: 2514:

that were on order was handed over to the airline later that year.

2443:

that were on order was handed over to the airline on 4 April 1965.

1688: 1335: 1293: 1043: 967: 883: 723: 629: 598: 556: 442: 7272: 4801:, Vol. 108, No. 2765, p. 38, Temple Press, London, 15 October 1964 4640:

Vol. 108, No. 2761, p. 21, Temple Press, London, 17 September 1964

4517:, Vol 43, No 3, p. 43, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, January 2010 1809:

Gatwick, and unlimited frequencies between Gatwick and New York's

7515: 5953:

Vol. 116, No. 2965, pp. 5–6, Temple Press, London, 14 August 1968

5560:, Vol. 112, No. 2862, p. 14, Temple Press, London, 25 August 1966 5006:, Vol. 108, No. 2756, p. 19, Temple Press, London, 13 August 1964 4567:, Vol. 113, No. 2883, p. 5, Temple Press, London, 19 January 1967 4502:, Vol. 113, No. 2883, p. 4, Temple Press, London, 19 January 1967 3746:

14 August 1968, Vol. 116, No. 2965, pp. 4–5 Temple Press, London,

2853: 1826:

or an aircraft based on a late-1960s "sub-jumbo" design proposal

1344: 1308: 1100: 1047: 987: 983: 975: 971: 840: 808:(t)) of freight and 25,749 cars (carried by Channel Air Bridge). 493: 371: 352: 5838:, Vol. 116, No. 2965, p. 6, Temple Press, London, 14 August 1968 5698:, Vol. 116, No. 2965, p. 5, Temple Press, London, 14 August 1968 5496:, Vol. 109, No. 2792, p. 18, Temple Press, London, 22 April 1965 5484:, Vol. 102, No. 2620, p. 4, Temple Press, London, 4 January 1962 3699:, Vol. 116, No. 2965, p. 4, Temple Press, London, 14 August 1968 7319: 7185:. Stamford, Lincolnshire: Key Publishing: 81–2). November 2009. 5548:, Vol. 112, No. 2856, p. 11, Temple Press, London, 14 July 1966 3955:, Vol. 100, No. 2590, p. 647, Temple Press, London, 8 June 1961 2544: 1888:. Following this revelation, Roy Mason made a statement to the 1827: 1790: 1546:

within that time span and resulted in a weak trading position.

1445: 1378: 1374: 1320: 1316: 1182: 1119: 1035: 545: 541: 526: 485: 460: 445:

among UK-based air ferry operators. The subsequent takeover of

5334:, Vol. 109, No. 2795, p. 12, Temple Press, London, 13 May 1965 4525: 4523: 1631:

implementation of urgent economies in all non-essential areas.

537:

only profitable mainline scheduled domestic operator by 1969.

7282:"Gone but not forgotten: Jersey Airlines – United into BUA". 6441: 6439: 5346:, Vol. 109, No. 2795, p. 8, Temple Press, London, 13 May 1965 4273:, Vol. 103, No. 2640, p. 5, Temple Press, London, 24 May 1962 2882:

allegedly due to a disagreement with BUA chairman Myles Wyatt

1449: 1441: 1312: 1127: 1027: 999: 979: 828: 805: 594: 590: 489: 464: 433:. This made BUA the largest unsubsidised airline outside the 3298: 3296: 3294: 1972:

G-ANCD in the airline's second and final livery, April 1967.

764:

and colonial coach class (British residents only) routes to

5162: 5160: 4884: 4882: 4520: 1186: 1185:, was a joint operation between British Rail (BR), BUA and 1108: 1003: 739: 359:, the location of the company's headquarters from 1960–1968 7076: 6489: 6487: 6436: 5637:"The New One-Eleven 500 – One-Eleven 500 Market Prospects" 2934:

the new name adopted by British United Air Ferries in 1967

2774:

and Dragon Airways to form Silver City's northern division

1559:

BUA (Holdings) became the new holding company for BUA and

7303:. Cudham, UK: Kelsey Publishing Group: 48–53. March 2012. 5980: 5978: 5976: 5925: 5923: 3291: 2813: 1984:

G-APNH wearing the airline's second and final livery, at

867:

scheduled freight operation. This had given it access to

654:, the controlling shareholder of both United Airways and 16:

Defunct private airline of the United Kingdom (1960–1970)

7114: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6133: 6131: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5157: 4879: 3967:, Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, September 2012, pp. 27/8 2873:

involving a night stop for aircraft, crew and passengers

1069:

Britannia services, while Viscounts plied the multistop

646:, one of the three predecessors of the pre-World War II 459:

A combined rail-air service linking the city centres of

6512: 6510: 6484: 6050: 6048: 6027: 6025: 6023: 4829: 4827: 4510: 4508: 4021: 4019: 4017: 2740:

ceased on 1 October 1964, when it lost the contract to

2587:

to Rhein-Main Airport in poor visibility, the aircraft

1165:

Douglas DC-6A G-APNO in the airline's original livery.

7190:"BUA – British United Airways – A Step back in Time". 5973: 5920: 5846: 5844: 5604: 5602: 5210: 5208: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4151: 4149: 4044: 4042: 3965:

Classic Aircraft (VC10 Golden Jubilee: Services start)

1010:

or Britannias, which were to be replaced with the new

930: 7339: 7257:"Aircraft (Gone but not forgotten: British United)". 7213: 6459: 6387: 6385: 6128: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5482:

Aeroplane – Commercial Affairs: B.U.A. Africa Licence

5455: 5180: 4698: 4696: 4627:, Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, September 2012, p. 31 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3358: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 1524:. This was further compounded by the large number of 7286:. Hersham, UK: Ian Allan Publishing: 66. June 2011. 7181:"Sir Freddie Laker – The Man Who Gave Us Skytrain". 6507: 6045: 6020: 5861: 5859: 5443:"Air Commerce, Approval for Gatwick feeder services" 5235: 5233: 5231: 4957: 4955: 4824: 4505: 4231:

London (Gatwick)-Canary Islands-West Africa Services

4014: 3389: 3387: 3385: 2000:

G-AWYV in the airline's second and final livery, at

1956:

G-AOXU in the airline's original livery, taxiing at

1470:. These were larger capacity aircraft with a higher 707:

was the largest shareholder with a 70% stake, while

6176: 6174: 5841: 5599: 5205: 4927: 4902: 4683: 4681: 4495: 4493: 4200:

London (Gatwick)-East & Central Africa Services

4146: 4039: 3593: 3591: 3209: 3207: 2517:BUA (mainline) employed 3,200 people at this time. 2446:BUA (mainline) employed 2,000 people at this time. 1638:These measures were primarily intended to help BUA 608:subsidiaries already included Airwork Helicopters, 409:was the main base for trooping flights until 1964. 7417:Airlines of the United Kingdom and Channel Islands 7216:Alan Bristow Helicopter Pioneer: The Autobiography 7194:. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing: 62–69. July 2010. 6426: 6424: 6382: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5718: 5716: 5622: 5577:, Gatwick edition, Hounslow, 29 August 2008, p. 12 5080: 5078: 5057: 5055: 4999: 4997: 4915:"VC10 enters service, British United and the VC10" 4754: 4752: 4693: 4136: 4134: 4132: 3702: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3109: 3091: 3089: 3087: 2555:to runway 27. This approach was abandoned because 2547:. Despite the deteriorating weather conditions at 875:'s technical advisers and operated that airline's 394:(B&C) was the new airline's main shareholder. 7033:, Kelsey Publishing, Cudham, UK, July 2013, p. 40 6663: 6599: 5856: 5228: 4952: 4515:Aircraft "Gone but not forgotten ... Silver City" 4174:Aeroplane – Air Transport: The "Safari Thruliner" 3382: 3164: 3162: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 2656:had partially reduced the no. 2 engine's thrust. 1924:G-AMSV in the airline's original livery, seen at 1416:G-ATDJ in the airline's original livery, seen at 1401:services monopoly of British United Air Ferries. 939:. A large number of these were trooping flights. 7631: 7123: 6840: 6712: 6710: 6648:, Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, July 2010, p. 69 6447:"The Edwards Report – Principal recommendations" 6171: 4678: 4666: 4607: 4605: 4490: 3868: 3866: 3738: 3736: 3670: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3588: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3204: 1698:These organisational changes led to a series of 1608:closure of expensive Central London offices and 947:British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and 6880: 6530: 6421: 6246: 6244: 5956: 5836:Aeroplane – British United's expanding universe 5713: 5696:Aeroplane – British United's expanding universe 5344:Aeroplane – Commercial: BUA happy with the VC10 5241:"Second force under way – Routes and equipment" 5129:derness — Individual Histories: G-ASIX / A4O-AB 5075: 5052: 4994: 4749: 4129: 4067: 4065: 3697:Aeroplane – British United's expanding universe 3518: 3478: 3476: 1709:In 1969, BUA purchased the VC10 prototype from 1599:from BUA to strengthen the BUA (Holdings) board 7621:List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom 6943: 6941: 6921: 6919: 4648: 4646: 4400: 4398: 3508: 3506: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3159: 3132: 3064: 2666:List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom 1625:charters at the expense of low-margin trooping 1145:in 1962. This aircraft operated the inaugural 7401: 7233: 7095: 6747: 6745: 6707: 6581: 6579: 6577: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5674: 5672: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4623:"VC10 Golden Jubilee: Retirement of an icon" 4602: 4246: 4244: 3863: 3733: 3645: 3550: 3548: 3448: 3421: 3321: 3319: 2980:Britannias by end-1968, Viscounts by end-1969 2943:Leroy Tours, Lyons Tours and Whitehall Travel 1354:to Gatwick with a full payload and reserves. 1187:Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer français 7299:"Airline History – British United Airways". 6241: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5494:Aeroplane – Commercial: BUA service to Accra 5423:"Air Commerce, BUA's Gatwick feeder licence" 5397: 5395: 4271:Aeroplane – Jersey Airlines bought by B.U.A. 4062: 3473: 1940:G-APNO in the airline's original livery, at 1466:with an additional order for five stretched 1095:From 20 July 1962, a Vickers-Armstrong VA-3 800:), carrying 631,030 passengers, 143 million 689:that controlled the BUA group of companies. 577: 6938: 6916: 6892: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5767: 5004:Aeroplane – VC10 for B.U.A. makes its debut 4643: 4395: 3845: 3833: 3616: 3614: 3503: 3243: 3179: 3177: 1731: 1542:This translated into a substantial fall in 1141:G-ARBY in the airline's original livery at 863:. BUA furthermore continued Hunting-Clan's 673:and B&C owned 72% of the new airline's 7408: 7394: 7238:. Brinscombe Port, UK: The History Press. 7077:Eglin, Roger & Ritchie, Berry (1980). 6742: 6574: 6191: 6189: 6151: 5787: 5684: 5669: 5273: 5009: 4708: 4540: 4538: 4241: 3545: 3316: 2971:through non-IATA subsidiary BUA (Services) 2962:engineering, finance, sales and operations 2732:between 1960 and 1964, BUA had up to nine 2520: 1462:BUA followed up its initial order for ten 718:BUA began operations from its new base at 555:In November 1970, B&C sold BUA to the 27: 6002: 6000: 5891: 5580: 5392: 4780:"Air Commerce, Mr Laker on South America" 4760:"Air Commerce, Mr Laker on South America" 4227:valid 1st November 1961 — 29th March 1962 4196:valid 1st November 1961 — 29th March 1962 3631:valid 1st November 1961 — 29th March 1962 3484:Stansted Airport Consultative Committee " 3194:valid 1st November 1961 — 29th March 1962 2812:the airline to test customer reaction to 2135:BUA air transport division fleet in 1961 1674:G-ASKK in the airline's final livery, at 788:(MoD) and assorted passenger and freight 7115:King, John & Tait, Geoffrey (1980). 5812: 3611: 3174: 2723:with the exception of Channel Air Bridge 1991: 1975: 1963: 1947: 1931: 1915: 1665: 1407: 1160: 1132: 746:piston airliners as well as more modern 726:and 47 helicopters. The former included 685:'s chairman, were appointed to the main 351: 7218:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. 7081:. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 6186: 6056:"World News ..., BUA Group's Structure" 5063:"Air Commerce, A Champion for the VC10" 4535: 4418: 3721:"Editorial, Towards a British Aeroflot" 3281: 3279: 3277: 3198:Some facts about British United Airways 2834:to Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay 895:International Air Transport Association 405:became BUA's main operating base while 7645:Defunct airlines of the United Kingdom 7632: 6804:HC Deb 18 March 1970 vol 798 cc417-530 5997: 5949:"British United's expanding universe" 5546:Aeroplane – Commercial: BUA's new look 4327: 4325: 4323: 3873:"The BAC One-Eleven – Pocket Rocket". 3742:"British United's expanding universe" 3635:Tourist, Economy and Skycoach services 3498:Stansted – The Early Years (1942–1966) 2998:including the opening of an office in 2671: 2258:BUA helicopter division fleet in 1961 1754:British Air Transport in the Seventies 425:of rival British independent airlines 7665:British companies established in 1960 7389: 7214:Bristow, A. & Malone, P. (2009). 7177:, p. 12, 29 August 2008 Hounslow 7117:Golden Gatwick – 50 Years of Aviation 6284:"World News, BUA(CI) to be Wound Up?" 5610:"World News, One-Eleven 500s for BUA" 4141:Golden Gatwick – 50 Years of Aviation 2752:BUA's re-branded colonial coach class 662:to form the pre-war British Airways. 7100:. London, UK: Sidgwick and Jackson. 6773:"BOAC to buy British United Airways" 6753:"BOAC to buy British United Airways" 4725:"BOAC to buy British United Airways" 4458:"Setting British Air Transport Free" 4276: 3274: 478:British Overseas Airways Corporation 378:formed as a result of the merger of 4335:. wirralhistory.net. Archived from 4320: 2551:, the crew decided to continue its 931:Expansion and fleet rationalisation 658:before these airlines' merger with 441:services in the UK also gave BUA a 13: 7207: 7098:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6887:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6815:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6792:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6702:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6690:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6671:""Second-force" airline: BUA acts" 6658:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6627:"Editorial, Civil aviation policy" 6569:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6557:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6431:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 6416:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 5968:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 5886:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 5851:High Risk: The Politics of the Air 5086:"Britain's Aircraft Industry 1964" 4235:London (Gatwick)-Gibraltar Service 4204:London (Gatwick)-Rotterdam Service 1771:bilateral air transport agreements 1247:fares were less than what BEA and 1230:change between coach and train at 1018:an 18% discount on the equivalent 757:. These continued serving the all- 14: 7676: 7308: 7130:. Stroud, UK: The History Press. 3913:"...and BUA re-deploy at Gatwick" 2639:was accompanied by a decrease in 2458:BUA mainline fleet in April 1969 2347:BUA mainline fleet in April 1965 1477: 1153:air sector of BUA's London—Paris 1099:was operated by BUA and ran from 502:The simultaneous launch of daily 392:British and Commonwealth Shipping 7373: 7361: 7349: 7230:(pp. 194–213 & 233-257) 7047: 7036: 7024: 7013: 6993: 6981: 6961: 6860: 6820: 6808: 6797: 6785: 6765: 6722: 6695: 6683: 6651: 6639: 6619: 6562: 6550: 6409: 6397: 6362: 6348: 6328: 6316: 6296: 6276: 6256: 6221: 6201: 6116:"British Air Ferries Look Ahead" 6108: 6088: 6068: 5943: 5879: 5748: 5736: 5701: 5649: 5563: 5551: 5539: 5519: 5499: 5487: 5475: 5435: 5415: 5373: 5361: 5349: 5337: 5325: 5305: 5285: 5253: 5168:"... and VC10s to South America" 5145: 5133: 5118: 5098: 5040: 4974: 4867: 4847: 4804: 4792: 4772: 4737: 3658:"British United's Jet Challenge" 3240:, Telegraph.co.uk 10 August 2000 3030: 3017: 3004: 2992: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2903: 2894: 2885: 2876: 2867: 2846: 2837: 2819: 2449: 2338: 2310:de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 2126: 2069:de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1328:bilateral transport arrangements 1157:rail-air service on 26 May 1963. 7655:Airlines disestablished in 1970 7320:Home of the BAC 1-11 on the Web 5931:"The domestic-service struggle" 5775:"New Managing Director for BUA" 4630: 4617: 4582: 4570: 4558: 4470: 4450: 4438: 4383: 4363: 4351: 4308: 4296: 4264: 4217:contemporary timetable images: 4210: 4186:contemporary timetable images: 4179: 4167: 4117: 4097: 4085: 4002: 3990: 3970: 3958: 3945: 3925: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3821: 3809: 3789: 3769: 3749: 3690: 3621:contemporary timetable images: 3568: 3410: 3399: 3370: 3339: 3262: 3231: 3184:contemporary timetable images: 3036:the contract was taken over by 2805: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2764: 2755: 2746: 2726: 2717: 2704: 2695: 1868:President of the Board of Trade 1258:, where it replaced the larger 1191:Gatwick Airport railway station 703:were its airline subsidiaries. 6495:"Green light for second force" 6356:"Individual Histories: G-ARTA" 6076:"World News, Rolls-Royce wins" 3639:Skycoach passenger information 3461:"Goodbye BUA Viscount Safaris" 3219: 3052: 2761:operated by Channel Air Bridge 2683: 2300:Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer 2102:Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer 2097:Handley Page HPR 7 Dart Herald 2034:Bristol Superfreighter Mark 32 1330:prevented BUA from offering a 247:Holding company#Parent company 211:British United (Manx) Airways 1: 7479:Virgin Atlantic International 7330:contemporary timetable images 7070: 4982:"The New Pattern Takes Shape" 4963:"BUA's One-Eleven routes ..." 4940:"British United and the VC10" 3417:contemporary timetable images 3406:contemporary timetable images 3347:"World Airline Directory ..." 2691:government-owned corporations 1561:British United Island Airways 994:, with a weekly extension to 893:BUA was a full member of the 506:jet services from Gatwick to 370:) was a private, independent 234:British United Island Airways 7650:Airlines established in 1960 6538:"The White Paper summarised" 6229:"Britain's Airline Industry" 6139:"BUA bids to start at £7.5m" 4284:"British United Air Ferries" 4157:"BUA Wins Trooping Contract" 4058:: 966–967. 20 December 1962. 3933:"British United order VC10s" 3533:"Britain's Airline Industry" 2577:Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport 2411:Handley Page Dart Herald 204 2039:Bristol Britannia 300 series 1672:Handley Page Dart Herald 211 1595:appointment of four special 1270:included Laker and his 1964 7: 6912:(2178): 479. 13 April 1961. 5193:"BUA South American profit" 4835:"Air Commerce, VC10 to Rio" 3678:"Air Terminal for Victoria" 3312:: 158–159. 1 February 1962. 2659: 1954:Bristol 170 Freighter Mk 32 1830:had jointly developed with 1803: 1381:, and a refuelling stop in 1050:under contract to the MoD. 915:(MD), used his contacts to 10: 7681: 7660:Companies based in Crawley 6927:"World Airline Survey ..." 6868:"More One-Elevens for BUA" 5986:"World Airline Survey ..." 5756:"World Airline Survey ..." 5527:"Eight-eighths Blackcloth" 5261:"BUA takes over Air Ferry" 5094:: 366/7. 3 September 1964. 3607:: 559–560. 7 October 1960. 3486:Sir Freddie Laker Arrives" 2617:Cristoforo Colombo Airport 2229:de Havilland Dragon Rapide 2054:de Havilland Dragon Rapide 1759: 1746:London School of Economics 1581:for sales outside the US. 1086:British United Air Ferries 665:Following BUA's creation, 572: 384:Hunting-Clan Air Transport 226:British United Air Ferries 94:30 November 1970 7614: 7588: 7493: 7430: 7423: 7172:Skyport – Gatwick edition 7124:McCloskey, Keith (2012). 6900:"World Airline Directory" 6876:: 506. 29 September 1968. 6679:: 480. 25 September 1969. 6615:: 478. 25 September 1969. 6607:"BUA's Second-force Plan" 6559:, pp. 173–5, 195, 200–204 6480:: 466. 20 September 1973. 6167:: 1058. 28 December 1967. 6096:"Tristar backing details" 5403:"Good Start for InterJet" 5028:"The last VC10 delivered" 4466:: 1025. 21 December 1967. 4035:: 467. 20 September 1973. 3853:"Ten One-Elevens for BUA" 3576:"World Airline Directory" 3493:28 September 2016 at the 3304:"A Bigger British United" 2530:the crash of Flight 1030X 2029:Bristol Freighter Mark 31 1970:Bristol 175 Britannia 307 1901:BAC One-Eleven 500 series 1748:, inquired into the UK's 1024:BAC One-Eleven 200 series 722:with a mixed fleet of 43 578:Antecedents and inception 419:British Aviation Services 301: 270: 245: 199:Uganda Aviation Services 146: 117: 90: 71: 49: 44: 39: 35: 26: 6828:"Second thoughts on BUA" 6546:: 760. 20 November 1969. 6518:"Second force under way" 6272:: 253. 22 February 1968. 6237:: 662a. 24 October 1968. 6008:"BUA companies to merge" 5916:: 213. 15 February 1968. 5783:: 980. 14 December 1967. 5732:: 813. 21 November 1968. 5451:: 989. 10 December 1964. 5381:"BUA Domestic Trunk ..." 5201:: 765. 14 November 1968. 5176:: 822. 12 December 1964. 5036:: 252. 26 February 1970. 4970:: 822. 12 December 1964. 4050:"First foreign refusals" 3666:: 194. 10 February 1961. 2989:including in West Africa 2573:Berlin Tempelhof Airport 2013:Aviation Traders Carvair 1911: 1824:McDonnell-Douglas DC-10s 1820:Lockheed L-1011 Tristars 1444:via Lisbon, Las Palmas, 1272:Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud 1077:and Continental Europe. 960:Civil Aviation Authority 949:British European Airways 639:, a B&C subsidiary. 7063:: 125. 23 January 1969. 7009:: 748. 9 November 1961. 6370:"BUA gives up trooping" 6312:: 112. 25 January 1968. 6064:: 596. 17 October 1968. 5875:: 113. 25 January 1968. 5515:: 163. 4 February 1965. 5388:: 998. 9 December 1965. 5313:"BUA buys another VC10" 5293:""More," says Mr Laker" 5269:: 775. 5 November 1964. 5216:"More to South America" 4898:: 690. 6 November 1969. 4890:"BUA's Five VC10 Years" 4863:: 694. 22 October 1964. 4843:: 693. 22 October 1964. 4820:: 692. 22 October 1964. 4788:: 657. 15 October 1964. 4768:: 656. 15 October 1964. 4379:: 164. 4 February 1965. 4081:: 888. 7 December 1961. 4073:"The Board's Decisions" 3978:"BUA buys another VC10" 3584:: 527/8. 18 April 1958. 3541:: 662. 24 October 1968. 3436:"Britain Goes It Alone" 3335:: 657. 24 October 1968. 2915:Conservative Government 2549:Jersey's States Airport 2528:The fatal accident was 2521:Accidents and incidents 2320:Beechcraft Twin Bonanza 2024:Beechcraft Twin Bonanza 1811:John F. Kennedy Airport 1793:and eight conventional 1702:. Despite its troubled 1491:Central African Airways 532:(IT) and transatlantic 456:in late-April 1962. 454:London Victoria station 7640:British United Airways 7551:Isles of Scilly Skybus 7546:Hebridean Air Services 7531:Centreline Air Charter 7315:History of BUA's VC10s 7234:McCloskey, K. (2012). 7158:Cite journal requires 7096:Thomson, Adam (1999). 6969:"Last BUA One-Elevens" 6949:"World Airline Survey" 6526:: 227. 13 August 1970. 6472:"BCAL Atlantic growth" 6344:: 76. 15 January 1970. 6304:"BALPA Clash with BUA" 6124:: 248. 15 August 1968. 6104:: 80. 21 January 1971. 5867:"BALPA Clash with BUA" 5800:"Air Holdings lets go" 5618:: 318/9. 7 March 1968. 5558:Aeroplane – Commercial 5411:: 47. 13 January 1966. 5249:: 229. 13 August 1970. 5071:: 238. 13 August 1964. 4662:: 627. 8 October 1964. 4554:: 83. 16 January 1969. 4486:: 82. 21 January 1971. 4252:"Sierra Leone and BUA" 4219:British United Airways 4188:British United Airways 4113:: 568. 5 October 1961. 4027:"BCAL Atlantic growth" 3951:"B.U.A. Orders VC10s" 3921:: 201. 10 August 1961. 3877:: 94–5. November 2009. 3623:British United Airways 3469:: 201. 10 August 1961. 3186:British United Airways 2816:-facing airplane seats 2472:Vickers VC10 1103/1109 2087:Douglas C-54 Skymaster 2005: 1989: 1973: 1961: 1945: 1929: 1679: 1648:500 series One-Elevens 1464:200 series One-Elevens 1421: 1211:Victoria Coach Station 1170: 1158: 784:under contract to the 364:British United Airways 360: 290:London Gatwick Airport 22:British United Airways 6977:: 417. 19 March 1970. 6957:: 564. 10 April 1969. 6934:: 575. 15 April 1965. 6856:: 156. 3 August 1972. 6836:: 453. 26 March 1970. 6781:: 370. 12 March 1970. 6761:: 369. 12 March 1970. 6738:: 366. 12 March 1970. 6595:: 374. 12 March 1970. 6503:: 186. 6 August 1970. 6378:: 618. 17 April 1969. 6292:: 154. 1 August 1968. 6147:: 725. 30 April 1970. 6041:: 569. 18 April 1968. 6033:"BUA to change hands" 5993:: 517. 11 April 1968. 5763:: 577. 15 April 1965. 5645:: 365. 14 March 1968. 5535:: 435. 23 March 1967. 5431:: 701. 30 April 1964. 5301:: 633. 22 April 1965. 5224:: 655. 23 April 1970. 4733:: 368. 12 March 1970. 4598:: 485. 13 April 1972. 4260:: 385. 23 March 1961. 4163:: 1025. 22 June 1967. 3805:: 473. 13 April 1961. 3797:"Britain's New Board" 3785:: 472. 13 April 1961. 3777:"Britain's New Board" 3765:: 471. 13 April 1961. 3564:: 546. 12 April 1962. 3444:: 543. 15 April 1960. 3354:: 527. 18 April 1958. 3155:: 159. 3 August 1972. 3105:: 160. 3 August 1972. 2911:Sir Alec Douglas-Home 2561:approach light system 2534:BUA (Channel Islands) 2441:BAC One-Eleven 201ACs 2439:The first of ten new 2421:Cessna 320A Skyknight 2371:Bristol Britannia 300 2149:Bristol Britannia 300 2078:Douglas C-47 Skytrain 2049:Cessna 320A Skyknight 1995: 1979: 1967: 1951: 1935: 1919: 1784:supersonic transports 1744:and Professor at the 1736:In the late 1960s, a 1669: 1597:(executive) directors 1411: 1205:. This compared with 1164: 1136: 1063:Bristol 170 Freighter 923:in a disused part of 355: 193:Sierra Leone Airways 7274:Aircraft Illustrated 7060:Flight International 7055:"The Milan Incident" 7006:Flight International 6974:Flight International 6954:Flight International 6931:Flight International 6873:Flight International 6853:Flight International 6833:Flight International 6778:Flight International 6758:Flight International 6735:Flight International 6717:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 6676:Flight International 6632:Flight International 6612:Flight International 6592:Flight International 6543:Flight International 6523:Flight International 6500:Flight International 6477:Flight International 6452:Flight International 6404:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 6392:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 6375:Flight International 6341:Flight International 6323:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 6309:Flight International 6289:Flight International 6269:Flight International 6251:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 6234:Flight International 6214:Flight International 6164:Flight International 6144:Flight International 6121:Flight International 6101:Flight International 6084:: 472. 4 April 1968. 6081:Flight International 6061:Flight International 6038:Flight International 6016:: 885. 13 June 1968. 6013:Flight International 5990:Flight International 5939:: 508. 3 April 1969. 5936:Flight International 5913:Flight International 5872:Flight International 5805:Flight International 5780:Flight International 5760:Flight International 5729:Flight International 5708:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 5662:Flight International 5642:Flight International 5615:Flight International 5532:Flight International 5512:Flight International 5471:. 28 September 1967. 5468:Flight International 5448:Flight International 5428:Flight International 5408:Flight International 5385:Flight International 5368:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 5318:Flight International 5298:Flight International 5266:Flight International 5246:Flight International 5221:Flight International 5198:Flight International 5173:Flight International 5152:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 5114:: 883. 17 June 1971. 5111:Flight International 5091:Flight International 5068:Flight International 5047:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 5033:Flight International 4987:Flight International 4967:Flight International 4945:Flight International 4920:Flight International 4895:Flight International 4860:Flight International 4840:Flight International 4817:Flight International 4785:Flight International 4765:Flight International 4744:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 4730:Flight International 4659:Flight International 4612:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 4595:Flight International 4590:"British Caledonian" 4577:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 4551:Flight International 4483:Flight International 4463:Flight International 4431:Flight International 4414:: 460. 4 April 1963. 4411:Flight International 4390:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 4376:Flight International 4358:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 4292:: 117. 26 July 1962. 4289:Flight International 4257:Flight International 4223:Timetables and fares 4192:Timetables and fares 4110:Flight International 4092:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 4078:Flight International 4032:Flight International 4009:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3997:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3983:Flight International 3938:Flight International 3918:Flight International 3900:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3802:Flight International 3782:Flight International 3762:Flight International 3686:: 907. 29 June 1961. 3683:Flight International 3663:Flight International 3627:Timetables and fares 3604:Flight International 3581:Flight International 3561:Flight International 3513:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3466:Flight International 3441:Flight International 3365:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3351:Flight International 3332:Flight International 3309:Flight International 3269:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3214:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3190:Timetables and fares 3169:Fly me, I'm Freddie! 3152:Flight International 3102:Flight International 3025:Middle East Airlines 2608:BAC One-Eleven 201AC 2579:. While executing a 2569:Vickers Viscount 736 2492:Vickers Viscount 800 2482:BAC One-Eleven 201AC 2391:Vickers Viscount 700 2381:Vickers Viscount 800 1998:BAC One-Eleven 501EX 1775:bilateral agreements 1704:industrial relations 1139:Vickers Viscount 708 903:East African Airways 713:Cable & Wireless 652:Whitehall Securities 343:Capt. P.A. MacKenzie 7601:European Cargo (UK) 7526:Bristow Helicopters 7079:Fly me, I'm Freddie 6990:aviation-safety.net 6336:"BUA's bumper 1969" 6264:"BUA Pilots Strike" 6217:: 815. 30 May 1968. 6209:"MEA is interested" 5808:: 775. 23 May 1968. 5321:: 727. 13 May 1965. 4990:: 741. 27 May 1960. 3986:: 728. 13 May 1965. 3941:: 811. 8 June 1961. 3859:: 674. 18 May 1961. 2672:Notes and citations 2585:instrument approach 2557:runway visual range 2537:Douglas C-47B-20-DK 2512:BAC One-Eleven 500s 2510:The first of 8 new 2459: 2348: 2259: 2136: 2121:fixed-wing aircraft 2119:In addition to the 2074:Douglas DC-3 Dakota 1942:Düsseldorf Lohausen 1742:Electricity Council 1544:output per employee 1256:Farnborough Airshow 1169:in late-August 1964 811:In addition to the 786:Ministry of Defence 728:Douglas DC-3 Dakota 701:Silver City Airways 626:Morton Air Services 614:Bristow Helicopters 431:Silver City Airways 399:fixed-wing aircraft 314:Sir Nicholas Cayzer 218:Silver City Airways 180:Bristow Helicopters 172:Morton Air Services 23: 7236:Airwork: A History 7127:Airwork: A History 6455:: 745. 8 May 1969. 5724:"BUA/Laker Tie-up" 5507:"Jetting to Genoa" 4948:: 772. 7 May 1964. 4923:: 771. 7 May 1964. 4406:"New Way to Paris" 4371:"Jetting to Genoa" 4339:on 6 December 2014 3599:"This is Skycoach" 3515:, pp. 58, 61, 82/3 2532:on 14 April 1965. 2457: 2346: 2291:other helicopters 2272:Westland Whirlwind 2257: 2209:de Havilland Heron 2134: 2064:de Havilland Heron 2020:200/400/500 series 2006: 1990: 1974: 1962: 1946: 1930: 1906:British Caledonian 1680: 1676:Manchester Airport 1646:An order for five 1422: 1418:Manchester Airport 1195:Le Touquet Airport 1171: 1167:Manchester Airport 1159: 1103:embankment on the 945:statutory monopoly 817:Continental Europe 798:revenue kilometres 687:board of directors 618:Channel Air Bridge 563:Caledonian Airways 361: 309:Sir Anthony Cayzer 164:Channel Air Bridge 110:British Caledonian 106:Caledonian Airways 21: 7627: 7626: 7584: 7583: 7571:TAG Aviation (UK) 7561:Norse Atlantic UK 7245:978-0-75247-972-9 7225:978-1-84884-208-3 7183:Airliner Classics 7137:978-0-7524-7972-9 6587:"BOAC to buy BUA" 3875:Airliner Classics 3556:"The UK Carriers" 3038:Britannia Airways 2923:Labour Government 2689:independent from 2508: 2507: 2437: 2436: 2361:Vickers VC10 1103 2336: 2335: 2255: 2254: 2219:de Havilland Dove 2179:Bristol Freighter 2059:de Havilland Dove 1879:senior management 1549:To return BUA to 1522:exchange controls 1414:Vickers VC10 1103 1207:Skyways Coach-Air 1177:in the UK and as 913:managing director 882:services between 748:Bristol Britannia 660:Hillman's Airways 656:Spartan Air Lines 587:national airlines 412:An order for ten 350: 349: 322:Sir Freddie Laker 91:Ceased operations 67: 66: 7672: 7606:West Atlantic UK 7428: 7427: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7387: 7386: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7354: 7353: 7345: 7304: 7295: 7270: 7253: 7229: 7203: 7186: 7167: 7161: 7156: 7154: 7146: 7141: 7120: 7111: 7092: 7065: 7064: 7051: 7045: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7017: 7011: 7010: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6945: 6936: 6935: 6923: 6914: 6913: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6806: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6749: 6740: 6739: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6692:, pp. 197/8, 206 6687: 6681: 6680: 6667: 6661: 6660:, pp. 197/8, 212 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6603: 6597: 6596: 6583: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6514: 6505: 6504: 6491: 6482: 6481: 6468: 6457: 6456: 6443: 6434: 6428: 6419: 6418:, pp. 174/5, 195 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6380: 6379: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6332: 6326: 6325:, pp. 126/7, 153 6320: 6314: 6313: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6239: 6238: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6184: 6178: 6169: 6168: 6159:"BUA retrenches" 6155: 6149: 6148: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6029: 6018: 6017: 6004: 5995: 5994: 5982: 5971: 5965: 5954: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5908:"BUA's struggle" 5904: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5863: 5854: 5848: 5839: 5833: 5810: 5809: 5796: 5785: 5784: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5720: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5682: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5665:. 10 April 1969. 5653: 5647: 5646: 5633: 5620: 5619: 5606: 5597: 5591: 5578: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5237: 5226: 5225: 5212: 5203: 5202: 5189: 5178: 5177: 5164: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5140:Classic Airliner 5137: 5131: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5106:"Caledonian/BUA" 5102: 5096: 5095: 5082: 5073: 5072: 5059: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5024: 5007: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4959: 4950: 4949: 4936: 4925: 4924: 4911: 4900: 4899: 4886: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4831: 4822: 4821: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4756: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4721: 4706: 4700: 4691: 4685: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4650: 4641: 4634: 4628: 4625:Classic Aircraft 4621: 4615: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4542: 4533: 4527: 4518: 4512: 4503: 4497: 4488: 4487: 4478:"More to Paris?" 4474: 4468: 4467: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4402: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4329: 4318: 4315:Classic Airliner 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4248: 4239: 4214: 4208: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4153: 4144: 4138: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4023: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3870: 3861: 3860: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3753: 3747: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3729:. 12 March 1970. 3717: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3654: 3643: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3595: 3586: 3585: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3552: 3543: 3542: 3529: 3516: 3510: 3501: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3457: 3446: 3445: 3432: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3323: 3314: 3313: 3300: 3289: 3283: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3202: 3181: 3172: 3166: 3157: 3156: 3143: 3130: 3124: 3107: 3106: 3093: 3062: 3056: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3021: 3015: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2823: 2817: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2625:pilot in command 2593:flight attendant 2460: 2456: 2349: 2345: 2282:Westland Widgeon 2260: 2256: 2159:Vickers Viscount 2137: 2133: 2113:Vickers Viscount 2109:series 1103/1109 1986:Berlin Tempelhof 1960:in January 1966. 1958:Berlin Tempelhof 1926:Berlin Tempelhof 1890:House of Commons 1568:Aviation Traders 1352:Embakasi Airport 1219:Beauvais Airport 1143:Berlin Tempelhof 1105:Wirral Peninsula 1034:, Amsterdam and 925:Victoria Station 752:Vickers Viscount 637:shipping company 632:by the Scottish 380:Airwork Services 294: 286: 263: 257: 238: 230: 222: 214: 208: 202: 196: 190: 184: 176: 168: 160: 156:Aviation Traders 139: 131: 113: 101: 99: 86: 82: 80: 37: 36: 31: 24: 20: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7630: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7610: 7580: 7541:Eastern Airways 7501:2Excel Aviation 7489: 7475:Virgin Atlantic 7438:British Airways 7419: 7414: 7384: 7374: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7348: 7340: 7311: 7298: 7281: 7256: 7246: 7226: 7210: 7208:Further reading 7189: 7180: 7159: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7138: 7108: 7089: 7073: 7068: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7037: 7029: 7025: 7018: 7014: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6947: 6946: 6939: 6925: 6924: 6917: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6885: 6881: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6813: 6809: 6802: 6798: 6790: 6786: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6751: 6750: 6743: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6708: 6700: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6656: 6652: 6644: 6640: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6585: 6584: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6516: 6515: 6508: 6493: 6492: 6485: 6470: 6469: 6460: 6445: 6444: 6437: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6390: 6383: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6321: 6317: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6249: 6242: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6194: 6187: 6179: 6172: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6137: 6136: 6129: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6054: 6053: 6046: 6031: 6030: 6021: 6006: 6005: 5998: 5984: 5983: 5974: 5966: 5957: 5948: 5944: 5929: 5928: 5921: 5906: 5905: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5865: 5864: 5857: 5849: 5842: 5834: 5813: 5798: 5797: 5788: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5722: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5685: 5677: 5670: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5635: 5634: 5623: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5592: 5581: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5492: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5401: 5400: 5393: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5239: 5238: 5229: 5214: 5213: 5206: 5191: 5190: 5181: 5166: 5165: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5123: 5119: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5084: 5083: 5076: 5061: 5060: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5026: 5025: 5010: 5002: 4995: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4961: 4960: 4953: 4938: 4937: 4928: 4913: 4912: 4903: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4833: 4832: 4825: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4742: 4738: 4723: 4722: 4709: 4701: 4694: 4686: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4635: 4631: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4603: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4544: 4543: 4536: 4528: 4521: 4513: 4506: 4498: 4491: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4404: 4403: 4396: 4388: 4384: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4301: 4297: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4265: 4250: 4249: 4242: 4215: 4211: 4184: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4025: 4024: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3946: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3871: 3864: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3741: 3734: 3719: 3718: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3656: 3655: 3646: 3619: 3612: 3597: 3596: 3589: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3554: 3553: 3546: 3531: 3530: 3519: 3511: 3504: 3495:Wayback Machine 3481: 3474: 3459: 3458: 3449: 3434: 3433: 3422: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3302: 3301: 3292: 3284: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3244: 3238:"Clive Hunting" 3236: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3205: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3160: 3145: 3144: 3133: 3125: 3110: 3095: 3094: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3022: 3018: 3010:primarily on a 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2662: 2581:missed approach 2523: 2452: 2341: 2129: 1988:in August 1967. 1914: 1844:working capital 1806: 1762: 1734: 1480: 1468:One-Eleven 500s 1448:, Freetown and 1305:Southern Africa 1300:, West Africa. 1179:Flèche d'argent 1082:Jersey Airlines 964:DH 121 Tridents 937:charter flights 933: 861:Channel Islands 790:charter flights 720:Gatwick Airport 648:British Airways 580: 575: 560:charter airline 447:Jersey Airlines 423:holding company 346: 326:Max Stuart-Shaw 318:Sir Myles Wyatt 297: 292: 284: 266: 261: 260:BUA (Holdings) 255: 241: 236: 228: 220: 212: 206: 200: 194: 188: 187:Gambia Airways 182: 174: 166: 158: 142: 137: 135:London–Stansted 129: 103: 102: 97: 95: 84: 83: 78: 76: 63:BRITISH UNITED 17: 12: 11: 5: 7678: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7625: 7624: 7617:related topics 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7434: 7432: 7425: 7421: 7420: 7413: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7390: 7383: 7382: 7370: 7358: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7310: 7309:External links 7307: 7306: 7305: 7296: 7279: 7254: 7244: 7231: 7224: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7192:Airliner World 7187: 7178: 7175:United we fall 7168: 7160:|journal= 7142: 7136: 7121: 7112: 7106: 7093: 7087: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7046: 7035: 7023: 7012: 6992: 6980: 6960: 6937: 6915: 6891: 6879: 6859: 6839: 6819: 6807: 6796: 6784: 6764: 6741: 6721: 6706: 6694: 6682: 6662: 6650: 6638: 6635:. 2 July 1970. 6618: 6598: 6573: 6561: 6549: 6529: 6506: 6483: 6458: 6435: 6420: 6408: 6396: 6381: 6361: 6347: 6327: 6315: 6295: 6275: 6255: 6240: 6220: 6200: 6185: 6170: 6150: 6127: 6107: 6087: 6067: 6044: 6019: 5996: 5972: 5955: 5942: 5919: 5890: 5878: 5855: 5840: 5811: 5786: 5766: 5747: 5735: 5712: 5700: 5683: 5668: 5648: 5621: 5598: 5579: 5571:United we fall 5562: 5550: 5538: 5518: 5498: 5486: 5474: 5454: 5434: 5414: 5391: 5372: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5304: 5284: 5272: 5252: 5227: 5204: 5179: 5156: 5144: 5132: 5117: 5097: 5074: 5051: 5039: 5008: 4993: 4973: 4951: 4926: 4901: 4878: 4866: 4846: 4823: 4803: 4791: 4771: 4748: 4736: 4707: 4692: 4677: 4665: 4642: 4629: 4616: 4601: 4581: 4569: 4557: 4534: 4519: 4504: 4489: 4469: 4449: 4437: 4434:. 6 June 1963. 4417: 4394: 4382: 4362: 4350: 4319: 4307: 4295: 4275: 4263: 4240: 4209: 4178: 4166: 4145: 4128: 4116: 4096: 4084: 4061: 4038: 4013: 4001: 3989: 3969: 3957: 3944: 3924: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3862: 3844: 3832: 3820: 3808: 3788: 3768: 3748: 3732: 3701: 3689: 3669: 3644: 3610: 3587: 3567: 3544: 3517: 3502: 3472: 3447: 3420: 3409: 3398: 3381: 3369: 3357: 3338: 3315: 3290: 3273: 3261: 3242: 3230: 3218: 3203: 3173: 3158: 3131: 3108: 3063: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3029: 3016: 3003: 2991: 2982: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2902: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2845: 2836: 2818: 2804: 2794: 2785: 2776: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2725: 2716: 2703: 2694: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2661: 2658: 2654:throttle lever 2649:forced landing 2612:Linate Airport 2522: 2519: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2451: 2448: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2128: 2125: 2117: 2116: 2115:700/800 series 2110: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2080: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2018:BAC One-Eleven 2015: 1982:ATL-98 Carvair 1928:in April 1964. 1913: 1910: 1852:North Atlantic 1805: 1802: 1786:(SSTs), three 1761: 1758: 1733: 1732:"Second Force" 1730: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1616: 1613: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1572:tour operators 1518:credit squeeze 1487:senior manager 1479: 1478:Reorganisation 1476: 1472:takeoff weight 1393:In late 1964, 1264:Central Africa 1215:Lympne Airport 1075:Canary Islands 932: 929: 911:, BUA's first 888:London Gatwick 804:(lb) (64,867 796:(28.6 million 740:C-54 Skymaster 667:Blue Star Line 644:United Airways 579: 576: 574: 571: 534:affinity group 530:inclusive tour 474:South American 414:BAC One-Eleven 388:United Kingdom 376:United Kingdom 357:Portland House 348: 347: 345: 344: 341: 335: 332: 327: 324: 319: 316: 311: 305: 303: 299: 298: 296: 295: 287: 282:Central London 278:Portland House 274: 272: 268: 267: 265: 264: 258: 251: 249: 243: 242: 240: 239: 231: 223: 215: 209: 203: 197: 191: 185: 177: 169: 161: 152: 150: 144: 143: 141: 140: 132: 127:London–Gatwick 123: 121: 115: 114: 92: 88: 87: 85:(amalgamation) 75:July 1960 73: 69: 68: 65: 64: 61: 58: 54: 53: 48: 43: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7677: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7622: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7577: 7576:Titan Airways 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7506:Aer Lingus UK 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7406: 7404: 7399: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7381: 7371: 7369: 7359: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7346: 7343: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7302: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7255: 7252: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7217: 7212: 7211: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7188: 7184: 7179: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7152: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7122: 7118: 7113: 7109: 7107:0-283-99599-8 7103: 7099: 7094: 7090: 7088:0-297-77746-7 7084: 7080: 7075: 7074: 7062: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7044: 7039: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7016: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6964: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6888: 6883: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6823: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6800: 6793: 6788: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6711: 6703: 6698: 6691: 6686: 6678: 6677: 6672: 6666: 6659: 6654: 6647: 6642: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6588: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6570: 6565: 6558: 6553: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6513: 6511: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6442: 6440: 6433:, pp. 200–204 6432: 6427: 6425: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6388: 6386: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6365: 6357: 6351: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6324: 6319: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6299: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6259: 6252: 6247: 6245: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6204: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6154: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6134: 6132: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6091: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6071: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5992: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5926: 5924: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5887: 5882: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5852: 5847: 5845: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5709: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5559: 5554: 5547: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5522: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5495: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5458: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5369: 5364: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5340: 5333: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5256: 5248: 5247: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5211: 5209: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5153: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5121: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5043: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4989: 4988: 4983: 4977: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4875: 4870: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4855:"VC10 to Rio" 4850: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4830: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4812:"VC10 to Rio" 4807: 4800: 4795: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4745: 4740: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4704: 4699: 4697: 4689: 4684: 4682: 4674: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4585: 4578: 4573: 4566: 4561: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4546:"All-jet BUA" 4541: 4539: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4501: 4496: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4446: 4441: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4391: 4386: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4354: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4316: 4311: 4304: 4299: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4279: 4272: 4267: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4245: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4213: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4093: 4088: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3993: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3954: 3948: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3928: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3884: 3876: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3792: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3772: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3739: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3698: 3693: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3615: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3482:BAA Stansted 3479: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3402: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3239: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3165: 3163: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3128: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2949: 2940: 2931: 2924: 2920: 2919:Harold Wilson 2916: 2912: 2906: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2840: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2798: 2789: 2780: 2773: 2767: 2758: 2749: 2743: 2742:British Eagle 2739: 2735: 2729: 2720: 2713: 2710:at the time, 2707: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2635:. The engine 2634: 2630: 2627:to close the 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2450:Fleet in 1969 2447: 2444: 2442: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2401:Douglas DC-6A 2399: 2398: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2344: 2339:Fleet in 1965 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2170: 2169:Douglas DC-6A 2167: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2132: 2127:Fleet in 1961 2124: 2122: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2004:in July 1970. 2003: 1999: 1994: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1944:in July 1964. 1943: 1939: 1938:Douglas DC-6C 1934: 1927: 1923: 1922:Douglas C-47B 1918: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795:narrow-bodied 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1750:air transport 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738:parliamentary 1729: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1711:Laker Airways 1707: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1641: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1620:transatlantic 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1551:profitability 1547: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438:jet equipment 1435: 1430: 1427: 1426:Ghana Airways 1419: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1399:vehicle ferry 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1326:Contemporary 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1163: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020:economy class 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 954: 950: 946: 940: 938: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 909:Freddie Laker 906: 904: 900: 896: 891: 889: 885: 881: 878: 874: 873:Sudan Airways 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 794:revenue miles 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 760: 756: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732:C-47 Skytrain 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 693: 690: 688: 684: 683:Hunting Group 680: 676: 675:share capital 672: 671:Furness Withy 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 638: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 606:air transport 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 585: 570: 568: 564: 561: 558: 553: 551: 550:South America 547: 543: 538: 535: 531: 528: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 466: 462: 457: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435:United States 432: 428: 424: 420: 415: 410: 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 390:at the time. 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 358: 354: 342: 340: 336: 334:Alastair Pugh 333: 331: 328: 325: 323: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 304: 300: 291: 288: 283: 279: 276: 275: 273: 269: 259: 254:Air Holdings 253: 252: 250: 248: 244: 235: 232: 227: 224: 219: 216: 210: 204: 198: 192: 186: 181: 178: 173: 170: 165: 162: 157: 154: 153: 151: 149: 145: 136: 133: 128: 125: 124: 122: 120: 116: 111: 107: 104:(merged with 93: 89: 74: 70: 62: 59: 56: 55: 52: 47: 42: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 7616: 7566:RVL Aviation 7536:Directflight 7521:Blue Islands 7448:BA EuroFlyer 7443:BA CityFlyer 7301:Jets Monthly 7300: 7283: 7273: 7258: 7249: 7235: 7215: 7191: 7182: 7174: 7171: 7151:cite journal 7126: 7116: 7097: 7078: 7058: 7049: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7015: 7004: 6995: 6983: 6972: 6963: 6952: 6929: 6909: 6903: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6871: 6862: 6851: 6842: 6831: 6822: 6814: 6810: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6776: 6767: 6756: 6733: 6724: 6716: 6701: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6674: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6630: 6621: 6610: 6601: 6590: 6568: 6564: 6556: 6552: 6541: 6532: 6521: 6498: 6475: 6450: 6430: 6415: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6391: 6373: 6364: 6350: 6339: 6330: 6322: 6318: 6307: 6298: 6287: 6278: 6267: 6258: 6250: 6232: 6223: 6212: 6203: 6195: 6180: 6162: 6153: 6142: 6119: 6110: 6099: 6090: 6079: 6070: 6059: 6036: 6011: 5988: 5967: 5950: 5945: 5934: 5911: 5885: 5881: 5870: 5850: 5835: 5803: 5778: 5769: 5758: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5727: 5707: 5703: 5695: 5678: 5660: 5651: 5640: 5613: 5593: 5574: 5570: 5569:Cooper, B., 5565: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5530: 5521: 5510: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5466: 5457: 5446: 5437: 5426: 5417: 5406: 5383: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5316: 5307: 5296: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5264: 5255: 5244: 5219: 5196: 5171: 5151: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5126: 5120: 5109: 5100: 5089: 5066: 5046: 5042: 5031: 5003: 4985: 4976: 4965: 4943: 4918: 4893: 4873: 4869: 4858: 4849: 4838: 4815: 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