408:
77:
576:
552:
540:
588:
564:
59:
416:
245:
607:
84:
501:, featuring both heating and drainage systems and some indications that saunas were present. Although not all the houses were likely in use at the same time, there was a significant community living here. The site, and particularly the objects found there, have been central to debates about the nature of Pictish-Norse relations in Northern Scotland.
403:
Picts as they wished to be perceived. This early 8th-century slab shows a striking procession of three Picts dressed in long robes and bearing spears, swords and square shields. Above the figures are parts of four
Pictish symbols. Two simple cross-incised slabs, likely grave-markers, were also found
394:
church overlies a
Pictish graveyard, and an important Pictish carved stone was found in pieces in this enclosure during site clearance (also on display in Edinburgh: replica on site). The most interesting Pictish artefact found is a stone slab showing three figures and some additional
489:
The church has an interesting shape; probably with a square tower at one end, and a semi-circular apse at the other. There is some evidence of an earlier, possibly
Pictish church on the same site. The church was a place of pilgrimage until the
485:
and there are the remains of stone benches for the congregation lining the walls. The red sandstone altar was reconstructed in the 1930s. An enclosure wall surrounding the kirk separated the graveyard from the houses beyond.
444:
The extensive remains of an excavated Norse settlement and church overlay the earlier
Pictish settlement. Before Kirkwall became the centre of power in the 12th century, Birsay was the seat of the rulers of Orkney.
390:). Notable among these are a group of moulds for fine metalworking, showing that bronze brooches and other ornaments were being manufactured on the site in the 8th century. The enclosure round the
494:. The remains of adjoining buildings round three sides of an open court suggest that it may once have been a small monastery (though there is no documentation for such a foundation).
474:, nearby on the Mainland. It was once thought that Earl/Jarl Thorfinn's hall could have been located on the brough but it is today thought to have been nearby on the Mainland.
111:
356:
The earliest settlement on the island is thought to have been in the 6th century, perhaps by
Christian missionaries. In the 7th and 8th centuries it was a significant
551:
309:
2085:
1362:
2105:
76:
1122:
937:
988:
1385:
539:
587:
869:
2100:
1491:
2095:
1486:
902:
828:
781:
709:
1426:
497:
There were also a number of Norse dwellings, some of them of considerable size indicating substantial wealth. They included
1355:
674:
Statistical
Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two)
477:
Today, many of the remains of the settlement are visible. The most significant being the remains of a fine, though small
1704:
2080:
575:
467:
666:
1115:
126:
981:
335:
name for the island was "Byrgisey" which means fort island, and gives the parish its name. Brough, indeed, means
206:
1348:
924:
407:
1278:
912:
505:
105:
1654:
1522:
1476:
662:
119:
1991:
481:
church. This dates back to the 12th century and was dedicated to St Peter. The church has a semi-circular
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1198:
1188:
1108:
906:
625:
517:
1431:
1618:
974:
797:
1961:
1719:
1451:
1446:
1139:
873:
374:
The
Pictish settlement is attested by a small well and an important collection of artefacts (now in
2029:
1981:
1481:
1238:
673:
471:
228:
194:
1557:
1268:
1228:
612:
478:
20:
563:
1787:
1669:
1501:
1258:
649:
630:
199:
1456:
916:
1905:
1861:
1466:
1371:
744:
1910:
729:
466:
was appointed and his cathedral, known as "Christchurch," which later housed the remains of
1936:
1603:
1578:
1496:
1441:
1405:
1183:
1748:
404:
in the graveyard, and are probably
Pictish or early medieval in date (displayed on site).
8:
1793:
1759:
1623:
1613:
1608:
929:
459:
400:
1547:
16:
An uninhabited tidal island off the north-west coast of The
Mainland of Orkney, Scotland
1956:
1941:
1846:
1741:
1542:
1461:
1314:
1253:
1167:
1131:
383:
332:
1709:
1976:
1971:
1836:
1628:
1598:
1562:
1223:
1054:
877:
824:
777:
705:
375:
844:
1986:
1946:
1884:
1808:
1714:
1552:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1218:
699:
620:
463:
428:
1329:
399:
symbols. It is not known what the subject of this carving is, but it likely shows
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2024:
1996:
1966:
1951:
1931:
1775:
1769:
1684:
1588:
1157:
1152:
725:
450:
411:
The remains of houses with the church and, on the left, the replica
Pictish stone
316:
269:
2090:
2054:
1764:
1754:
1532:
1400:
1395:
1390:
455:
221:
2069:
2049:
2034:
2019:
2006:
1915:
1889:
1874:
1826:
1689:
1527:
1410:
1319:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1044:
952:
939:
141:
128:
966:
2044:
1869:
1699:
1674:
1517:
1471:
1273:
1208:
1089:
1064:
1049:
265:
1583:
1537:
1436:
1263:
491:
368:
305:
1340:
1831:
1162:
1079:
667:"Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands"
498:
2014:
1879:
1841:
1781:
1664:
1324:
1233:
1100:
1074:
1059:
1029:
917:"Brough of Birsay, settlements, church and related remains (SM90034)"
387:
281:
34:
1821:
1798:
1694:
1679:
1593:
1147:
391:
379:
361:
301:
300:
The island is accessible on foot at low tide via a largely natural
289:
211:
58:
1851:
1816:
1735:
1644:
1084:
1039:
1024:
396:
360:
fortress, but by the 9th century the Picts had been displaced by
320:
911:
415:
1649:
1248:
1069:
1014:
998:
420:
277:
273:
166:
351:
1243:
1034:
357:
340:
285:
661:
1019:
557:
The island is connected with Mainland by a concrete pathway
482:
462:(1014–1065), was located in Birsay. At this time the first
336:
439:
304:. It is separated from the mainland by a 240-metre (790-
528:
Sea bird breeding colonies can be found on the brough.
802:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
849:
Canmore: National Record of the Historic Environment
650:
Rick Livingstone's Tables of the Islands of Scotland
602:
652:(pdf) Argyll Yacht Charters. Retrieved 12 Dec 2011.
2067:
315:The Norse settlement has been partly removed by
96:Brough of Birsay shown within the Orkney Islands
40:
1356:
1116:
996:
982:
771:
697:
378:(formerly known as Tankerness House Museum),
319:, and the cliffs are reinforced by concrete
292:settlements as well as a modern lighthouse.
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
724:
593:Cormorant rearing young on the cliff ledges
352:Earliest settlement of Christians and Picts
1363:
1349:
1123:
1109:
989:
975:
545:View to the causeway over the Birsay Sound
470:, probably on the site of the present day
1370:
280:. It is located around 13 miles north of
754:
414:
406:
295:
83:
2086:Historic Scotland properties in Orkney
2068:
1492:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland
1130:
837:
818:
440:Norse settlement and St Peter's chapel
2106:Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Orkney
1344:
1104:
970:
367:Excavations were first undertaken by
308:) stretch of water at high tide: the
812:
790:
691:
862:
643:
13:
930:Crossing times to Brough of Birsay
523:
14:
2117:
896:
1705:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial
1619:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)
772:Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2012).
605:
586:
574:
562:
550:
538:
243:
82:
75:
57:
923:Historic Environment Scotland:
903:Finds from the Brough of Birsay
244:
738:
718:
698:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004).
655:
1:
2101:Uninhabited islands of Orkney
1279:Wideford Hill chambered cairn
913:Historic Environment Scotland
870:"Brough of Birsay Lighthouse"
636:
511:
506:Historic Environment Scotland
276:, Scotland, in the parish of
2096:Viking Age sites in Scotland
819:Burnet, Andrew, ed. (2012).
747:Ancient seat of Orkney power
663:National Records of Scotland
326:
284:and features the remains of
268:off the north-west coast of
7:
1467:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother
1189:Blackhammer Chambered Cairn
907:National Museum of Scotland
626:List of islands of Scotland
598:
518:Brough of Birsay Lighthouse
504:The site is in the care of
323:to prevent further damage.
10:
2122:
2007:Associated clans and septs
531:
454:the main residence of the
346:
18:
2081:Tidal islands of Scotland
2005:
1924:
1898:
1860:
1807:
1728:
1637:
1571:
1510:
1487:Margaret, Queen of Norway
1447:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
1419:
1378:
1287:
1176:
1138:
1005:
874:Northern Lighthouse Board
798:"Obituaries: Cecil Curle"
734:(Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
435:) on the Brough of Birsay
251:
242:
234:
227:
217:
205:
193:
188:
180:
172:
162:
157:
118:
104:
70:
65:
56:
48:
33:
1482:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1432:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona
1239:Quoyness chambered cairn
751:Retrieved 1 August 2007.
704:. Edinburgh: Canongate.
581:View of the whole island
1558:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson
1477:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb
1269:Vinquoy chambered cairn
1229:Midhowe Chambered Cairn
613:Scottish islands portal
41:
1502:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir
1259:Unstan Chambered Cairn
631:List of Orkney islands
436:
412:
1906:Scottish island names
1729:Artifacts and culture
1406:Mormaers of Caithness
1372:Scandinavian Scotland
1177:Other Neolithic Sites
823:. Historic Scotland.
776:. Historic Scotland.
679:(Report). SG/2013/126
418:
410:
296:Geography and geology
1925:Battles and treaties
1579:Kingdom of the Isles
1497:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
1452:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir
1442:Cacht ingen Ragnaill
1209:Holm of Papa Westray
1184:Barnhouse Settlement
953:59.13694°N 3.33528°W
701:The Scottish Islands
339:(for etymology, see
184:46 metres (151 feet)
19:For other uses, see
1794:St Magnus Cathedral
1670:Cubbie Roo's Castle
1614:Davidian Revolution
1457:Helga Moddansdóttir
1427:Aud the Deep-Minded
1140:World Heritage Site
949: /
880:on 22 February 2014
774:Monuments of Orkney
460:Thorfinn the Mighty
419:Breeding colony of
138: /
30:
2076:Prehistoric Orkney
1788:Sen dollotar Ulaid
1742:Chronicles of Mann
1462:Ingeborg of Norway
1315:Burroughston Broch
1254:Tomb of the Eagles
1168:Stones of Stenness
1132:Prehistoric Orkney
1065:Papa Westray/Papay
958:59.13694; -3.33528
845:"Brough of Birsay"
665:(15 August 2013).
520:is on the Brough.
437:
425:Fulmarus glacialis
413:
384:Museum of Scotland
264:is an uninhabited
158:Physical geography
28:
2063:
2062:
2030:Macaulay of Lewis
1563:Thorstein the Red
1511:Other notable men
1338:
1337:
1224:Links of Noltland
1098:
1097:
1055:Holm of Scockness
830:978-1-84917-034-5
783:978-1-84917-073-4
711:978-1-84195-454-7
448:According to the
376:The Orkney Museum
258:
257:
181:Highest elevation
106:OS grid reference
2113:
1720:St Magnus Church
1715:Scar boat burial
1660:Brough of Birsay
1553:Sweyn Asleifsson
1548:Ragnall ua Ímair
1365:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1310:Broch of Gurness
1305:Broch of Burrian
1300:Broch of Borwick
1295:Brough of Birsay
1219:Knowe of Swandro
1125:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1010:Brough of Birsay
991:
984:
977:
968:
967:
964:
963:
961:
960:
959:
954:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
920:
890:
889:
887:
885:
876:. Archived from
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
841:
835:
834:
816:
810:
809:
794:
788:
787:
769:
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722:
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671:
659:
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647:
621:Broch of Gurness
615:
610:
609:
608:
590:
578:
566:
554:
542:
464:Bishop of Orkney
262:Brough of Birsay
247:
246:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
114:
90:Brough of Birsay
86:
85:
79:
61:
44:
31:
29:Brough of Birsay
27:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2001:
1997:Treaty of Perth
1920:
1894:
1856:
1803:
1776:Orkneyinga saga
1770:Manx runestones
1724:
1710:Rubha an Dùnain
1685:Kirkwall Castle
1655:Bishop's Palace
1633:
1567:
1506:
1415:
1401:Lords of Argyll
1391:Earls of Orkney
1374:
1369:
1339:
1334:
1283:
1172:
1158:Ring of Brodgar
1153:Ness of Brodgar
1134:
1129:
1099:
1094:
1001:
995:
957:
955:
951:
948:
943:
940:
938:
936:
935:
899:
894:
893:
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868:
867:
863:
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851:
843:
842:
838:
831:
817:
813:
796:
795:
791:
784:
770:
755:
743:
739:
726:Ordnance Survey
723:
719:
712:
696:
692:
682:
680:
676:
669:
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611:
606:
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601:
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591:
582:
579:
570:
567:
558:
555:
546:
543:
534:
526:
524:Flora and fauna
514:
451:Orkneyinga saga
442:
354:
349:
329:
317:coastal erosion
310:Sound of Birsay
298:
218:Sovereign state
146:
144:
140:
137:
132:
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124:
110:
100:
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93:
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87:
49:Meaning of name
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1992:Treaty of 1098
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1911:Northern Isles
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
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1801:
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1791:
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1765:Lewis chessmen
1762:
1757:
1755:Galloway Hoard
1752:
1745:
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1604:Outer Hebrides
1601:
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1589:Gall-Ghàidheil
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1575:
1573:
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1533:Olaf the White
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1396:Crovan dynasty
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1288:Iron Age Sites
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999:Orkney Islands
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993:
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897:External links
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731:OS Maps Online
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472:St Magnus Kirk
456:Earl of Orkney
441:
438:
371:in 1936–1937.
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222:United Kingdom
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200:Orkney Islands
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189:Administration
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142:59.14°N 3.33°W
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1890:Old Norwegian
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1386:List of kings
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1870:Middle Irish
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1749:Darraðarljóð
1747:
1740:
1700:Old Scatness
1659:
1518:Caittil Find
1472:Isabel Bruce
1294:
1274:Westray Wife
1050:Holm of Papa
1009:
934:
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
864:
852:. Retrieved
848:
839:
820:
814:
808:: 1–2. 1987.
805:
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681:. Retrieved
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401:aristocratic
373:
366:
355:
330:
314:
299:
270:The Mainland
266:tidal island
261:
259:
229:Demographics
195:Council area
163:Island group
147:59.14; -3.33
25:
1987:Vestrajǫrðr
1962:Isle of Man
1638:Archaeology
1538:Olvir Rosta
1264:Unstan ware
1199:Cuween Hill
997:North West
956: /
745:Orkneyjar:
492:Middle Ages
382:and in the
369:Cecil Curle
145: /
120:Coordinates
52:fort island
2070:Categories
2040:MacDougall
2035:Mac Coitir
1937:Brunanburh
1832:Lunnasting
1330:Tankerness
1163:Skara Brae
1080:Sweyn Holm
941:59°08′13″N
637:References
512:Lighthouse
499:longhouses
479:Romanesque
433:Uria aalge
252:References
235:Population
2055:MacDonald
2025:Somhairle
1899:Etymology
1880:Old Norse
1842:Sandsting
1782:Ounceland
1675:Earl's Bu
1665:Camas Uig
1584:Dál Riata
1523:Ingimundr
1325:Mine Howe
1234:Mor Stein
1075:Rusk Holm
1060:Kili Holm
1030:Eynhallow
944:3°20′07″W
821:The Picts
683:14 August
468:St Magnus
429:guillemot
388:Edinburgh
333:Old Norse
327:Etymology
282:Stromness
35:Old Norse
2050:Macruari
2020:Uí Ímair
1957:Epiphany
1942:Clontarf
1916:Hebrides
1862:Language
1847:Tingwall
1822:Dingwall
1809:Althings
1799:Udal law
1760:Hogbacks
1695:Maeshowe
1680:Jarlshof
1624:Scotland
1609:Shetland
1594:Lochlann
1528:Ljótólfr
1411:Uí Ímair
1148:Maeshowe
854:24 April
599:See also
380:Kirkwall
362:Norsemen
302:causeway
212:Scotland
112:HY236285
66:Location
42:Byrgisey
2045:MacLeod
1977:Skyhill
1972:Renfrew
1885:Pictish
1852:Tynwald
1837:Nesting
1817:Delting
1736:Birlinn
1645:Bornish
1572:History
1085:Westray
1040:Gairsay
1025:Egilsay
905:in the
884:5 March
532:Gallery
397:Pictish
358:Pictish
347:History
321:rip-rap
286:Pictish
207:Country
130:59°08′N
1947:Dollar
1650:Birsay
1629:Norway
1599:Orkney
1437:Bjaðǫk
1379:Rulers
1249:Rousay
1070:Rousay
1015:Damsay
827:
780:
708:
569:Cliffs
427:) and
421:fulmar
278:Birsay
274:Orkney
167:Orkney
133:3°20′W
21:Brough
2091:Picts
1967:Largs
1952:Barry
1932:Bauds
1244:Rinyo
1035:Faray
677:(PDF)
670:(PDF)
392:Norse
341:broch
290:Norse
176:16 ha
2015:Gunn
1982:Tara
1875:Norn
1090:Wyre
1020:Eday
886:2010
856:2022
825:ISBN
778:ISBN
706:ISBN
685:2020
483:apse
337:fort
331:The
306:foot
288:and
260:The
173:Area
37:name
806:117
343:).
272:of
2072::
915:.
872:.
847:.
804:.
800:.
756:^
728:.
672:.
508:.
458:,
386:,
364:.
312:.
1364:e
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749:.
714:.
687:.
431:(
423:(
238:0
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
