54:). It was originally developed as an auxiliary scoring method, but more recently it has been used as a tie-breaking system. It was probably first used in the 1932 Bitterfeld tournament. It was designed to replace the
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The major criticism of this system is that tie-break scores can be distorted by the set of opponents that each player plays (especially in early rounds). To avoid this problem a version of
Buchholz, the
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is sometimes used. In the Median-Buchholz System the best and worst scores of a player's opponents are discarded, and the remaining scores summed.
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The method is to give each player a raw score of one point for each win and a half point for each
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Annex to the FIDE Tournament
Regulations regarding tiebreaks
34:(also spelled Buchholtz) is a ranking or scoring system in
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150:(2nd ed.), Oxford University Press,
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99:Tie-breaking in Swiss-system tournaments
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197:Tie-breaking in group tournaments
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121:Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess
171:Tie-Breaks in Swiss Tournaments
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147:The Oxford Companion to Chess
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144:(1992), "Buchholz score",
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192:Chess tournament systems
71:Hooper & Whyld 1992
60:Hooper & Whyld 1992
52:Hooper & Whyld 1992
104:Sonneborn-Berger score
87:Median-Buchholz System
18:Buchholz chess rating
27:Chess ranking system
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