136:, the latter being the local dress in previous times with all its variations and use. Modern interpretations of these costumes have often modified or done away with completely parts of the traditional dresses in order to align them with a more conventional idea of beauty and fashion. For example, few Norwegians still use the headdresses and headpieces that were a part of the traditional costumes, preferring instead to show their hair, in accord with modern, Western fashions. These headdresses, like the one in the photo at the top of this article, were often seen as the most important part of the costume for native practitioners of the customs as the headdress often indicated an individual's social or marital status.
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bunad. As the bunad most often is based upon older designs from specific areas, the particular bunad will get its name from that area. Most people with roots from an area will choose (if not the same) bunads from their own area or their (grand)parents birthplace. People in general will expect that your bunad represents an area that you have a strong connection to. However, there is no specific rule that states your choice, and you are free to pick whatever kind you like. In the meantime, local bunad-sellers might have some difficulties with getting the right bunad if it is not from their area.
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484:. There are bunads both for men and women, although women's bunads are more diverse and popular. However, according to daily manager Turid Liss Agersborg at Husfliden Oslo, they now produce and sell more men's bunads than women's for the first time in history. The male customers are often characterized as urban and modern, and range between the ages of 20 and 40 years old.
439:
in
Southern Norway, for example, had a folk costume tradition dating back to the 14th century that remained relatively untouched until the middle of the 20th century. Norwegians from Setesdal still wear this time-honored traditional costume as a bunad today. Such long-standing folk costume traditions
459:
in 1903, the focus moved from the creation of a single national costume to the development of several regional bunads. Although bunads are based on traditions in various areas, these designs are embellished by additions such as embroidery. The overarching sense of bunad design is to preserve the way
444:
in central Norway, for example, the traditional costumes fell by the wayside in favor of modernized versions, but are now starting be revived in the local populations and used as conventional bunad again. The names of these traditional bunads are based on their geographic origin, and traditionally,
386:
There is ongoing debate about the official status of various outfits, and what allowed variations are. Due to ongoing discussions on the status of bunads, it is not possible to state accurately the number of different types of bunads in Norway, but most estimates place the number at around 200. In
147:
Bunads are nowadays often viewed as a status symbol, ranging in the price of $ 2,000â10,000, depending on the desired design, material, embroidery, gold, silver and accessories. The price also depends on whether the customer buys from a well-established company like
Husfliden, from local sewers or
410:
From the late 19th century until quite recently the image which was most commonly used to represent the
Norwegian traditional rural dress in general was that of the Hardanger woman's bunad, but in more recent times this image is being increasingly superseded by that of the East Telemark woman's
144:) argue that bunads must be sewn and worn according to strict standards; others advocate a more creative, lenient approach. Traditionally it is correct for women to wear proper bunad shoes and purses, and to avoid wearing sunglasses, earrings, and heavy makeup when dressed in a bunad.
382:
dressed in a bunad. Bunads were also conspicuous among those present at the
Blessing of the Reign of King Harald and Queen Sonja, demonstrating that the bunad is now considered acceptable as an alternative form of formal wear even on the most solemn public occasions.
427:
The various bunads have been designed through different means. Some of them are based on old local customs; other models are constructions made in the 20th century, relying (often very loosely) on local and historical material. The interest for bunads dates back to
373:
celebrations. In recent years, its use has reached far outside folk dancing, folk music, and particular holidays. Accepted as proper gala attire, it is increasingly common to see people, and especially women, dressed in bunad. The former
Norwegian foreign minister,
148:
decides to sew or do part of the embroidery themselves. It usually takes up to a year to finish making the bunad, and it has become a tradition for parents to give their children a bunad as a confirmation gift, which they will wear on their confirmation day.
460:
people dressed for festive occasions in one particular era. This has led local and national councils to impose official constraints on various details in the bunad, including colors, fabric, embroidery, jewellery, cut, and allowable headwear.
368:
In Norway in the postwar era, especially in more recent times, it is common, but by no means mandatory, to wear bunad at various celebrations such as: folk dances, weddings, baptisms, confirmations, Christmas, graduations and especially the
139:
There is a continuing debate about the extent to which bunads must conform to the standards, or whether it is acceptable to vary or improvise based on general themes. Some groups (sometimes derisively referred to as the
783:
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focuses mainly on the revival and celebration of "reconstructed" folk costumes (historically accurate costumes made with traditionally produced materials and patterns). They are folk costume purists.
31:, is worn by married women from Hardanger. Other headpieces are worn by Hardanger women, including beaded caps worn by young girls, and headband-like wraps worn by young unmarried women. (See also
435:
While the contemporary bunad tradition has most of its roots in folk costumes from the 18th and 19th centuries, records documenting the use of folk costumes go as far back as the Middle Ages.
391:) was organized to act in an advisory capacity on all questions dealing with bunads in Norway. That function is presently assigned to the Norwegian Institute for Costume and Folk Costume (
395:), a national institution dealing with documentation and research of folk costumes as a cultural expression. Since 2008, the institution's management has operated in cooperation with the
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Digitaltmuseum.no: A database of artifacts from
Norwegian museums all over the country. The database contains a large collection of images of folk costumes and other pieces of folk art.
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The bunad movement has been carried forward by enthusiasts all over the country and new bunad variations are frequently created and proposed for approval. Designers such as
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407:. The institute has established an archive of costume registrations, photo, cut patterns and sketches, and writings of traditional material from various districts.
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have developed entire lines of costumes based on the bunad tradition. In the field of folk costumes it is common to differentiate between
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104:. However, in Norway, national romanticist ideas had a more lasting impact, as seen in the use of folk-inspired costumes.
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455:(1884â1970) are cited as pioneers in bringing bunads into mainstream culture. With Garborg's publication of the pamphlet
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can be found all over Norway, but not all regions have retained these traditions as well as areas like
Setesdal. In
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refers only to clothes designed in the early 20th century that are loosely based on traditional costumes.
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797:("The Bunad Magazine"): a Norwegian publication showcasing folk costume traditions and techniques.
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and gained increasing interest with the folk-dance movement at the beginning of the 20th century.
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1947 an official institution, the
National Committee for Bunad-related Questions (
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https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005216/https://www.norskebunader.no/en
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people choose their bunad based on their own or their ancestorsâ origin.
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77:(mostly dating to the 18th and 19th centuries) and modern 20th-century
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The
Norwegian Institute of bunad and folk costume, file in English
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umbrella term. In a broader sense, the term encompasses
529:
Draktskikk i Ăsterdalen i tida rundt napoleonskrigene
517:. Christiania: P. T. Mallings Boghandel. p. 90.
733:
Stakkeklede i
Setesdal : byklaren og valldĂžlen
584:
Stakkeklede i Setesdal : byklaren og valldĂžlen
3050:
88:The bunad movement has its root in 19th-century
705:Adolph Tidemand and the Norwegian Folk Costumes
764:Bunad jewelry and accessories from all regions
312:Young girls in different national costumes at
1567:
821:
96:, but also in neighbouring countries such as
1574:
1560:
828:
814:
468:The designs are typically elaborate, with
1140:Membership of International organizations
573:(Norsk institutt for bunad og folkedrakt)
463:
418:
355:
267:â painting by Nils Bergslien (1853â1928)
252:â painting by Nils Bergslien (1853â1928)
111:
18:
784:Bunad pictures in Nasjonalbibliotekets
393:Norsk institutt for bunad og folkedrakt
3051:
689:Norges bunader og samiske folkedrakter
1555:
809:
512:
403:) with which it shares facilities in
116:Traditional folk clothing of eastern
48:
774:Telemarksbunads Bunads from Telemark
835:
550:History of Bunad og FolkedraktrÄdet
494:List of national costumes of Norway
81:. In its narrowest sense, the word
13:
719:Norske drakter, stakker og bunader
423:Woman in a traditional bunad, 1892
73:as well as both traditional rural
14:
3085:
1581:
739:
956:
472:, scarves, shawls and hand-made
339:
320:
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280:Folkedrakter fra Gran i Telemark
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257:
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216:wearing their traditional bunads
214:Norwegian immigrants in the U.S.
206:
191:
176:
153:
360:Nordic bunad and folk dress on
707:(Universitetsforlaget. 1981)
661:
632:
618:
589:
577:
563:
542:
521:
506:
430:Norwegian romantic nationalism
69:, householding equipment, and
1:
2371:Traditional Albanian clothing
936:Norwegian government-in-exile
499:
389:Landsnemnda for BunadspÞrsmÄl
351:
889:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway
884:Kingdom of Norway (872â1397)
297:Two young women in bunad in
7:
487:
10:
3090:
552:(Bunad og FolkedraktrÄdet)
414:
107:
27:. The headpiece, called a
16:National costume of Norway
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571:Bunad- og folkedraktrÄdet
1060:Administrative divisions
906:Kingdom of Norway (1814)
755:+ short films at YouTube
691:(Cappelen. Oslo: 1993)
644:(Store norske leksikon)"
601:(Store norske leksikon)"
1176:Government Pension Fund
735:(Universitetsforlaget.)
628:(Store norske leksikon)
380:Margrethe II of Denmark
717:Scheel, Ellen Wigaard
536:July 16, 2011, at the
464:Designs and popularity
424:
365:
121:
36:
676:May 20, 2010, at the
422:
359:
346:Setesdalsbunad (male)
265:Kven er stÞrst mÄttru
115:
22:
3074:Romantic nationalism
2950:Mexican pointy boots
1465:Romantic nationalism
1075:Correctional Service
1034:World Heritage Sites
513:Aasen, Ivar (1873).
376:Thorvald Stoltenberg
90:national romanticism
2905:Inuit skin clothing
721:(N.W. Damm. 2001)
397:Valdres Folkemuseum
371:May 17 National Day
23:Woman's bunad from
3064:Norwegian clothing
2790:Nationella drÀkten
2732:Sombrero de catite
2505:Scottish highlands
1430:Norwegian language
1239:Telecommunications
926:Reichskommissariat
769:Pictures of Bunads
557:2007-06-16 at the
425:
366:
122:
50:[ËbÊÌËnÉd]
37:
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3045:
2810:
2809:
2712:Traje de flamenca
2352:
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1654:Senegalese kaftan
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1515:
1335:language conflict
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1214:Norwegian paradox
1148:
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1130:Political parties
1090:Foreign relations
1042:
1041:
531:(Trond BĂŠkkevold)
480:jewelry known as
3081:
2915:Ceinture fléchée
2631:Ukrainian wreath
2361:
2360:
2140:Formal Chut Thai
2103:Maria Clara gown
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1224:Renewable energy
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916:End of the union
879:High Middle Ages
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753:Norske bunader (
687:Fossnes, Heidi
680:
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646:. Archived from
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603:. Archived from
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457:Norsk KlĂŠdebunad
451:(1862â1934) and
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284:Johannes Flintoe
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1887:Peshawari pagri
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1450:Public holidays
1403:
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1065:National budget
1038:
1024:Protected areas
961:
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931:Quisling regime
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834:
799:Magasinet bunad
795:Magasinet bunad
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684:
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678:Wayback Machine
668:"Barsk i Bunad"
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126:Lise SkjÄk BrÊk
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2702:Breton costume
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724:
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697:82-02-13874-4
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650:on 2018-12-01
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607:on 2012-06-06
606:
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599:Hulda Garborg
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56:
51:
43:
42:
34:
30:
26:
21:
2970:Quechquemitl
2920:Western wear
2795:BÀckadrÀkten
2769:
2763:Scandinavian
2727:Cordovan hat
2678:Netherlands
2285:Tallit katan
2202:Ăo giao lÄ©nh
2130:Chong kraben
1486:Coat of arms
1445:Prostitution
1400:
1390:
1389:
1380:Architecture
1295:Demographics
1249:Trade unions
1209:Nordic model
1070:Constitution
948:21st century
921:World War II
896:Kalmar Union
798:
794:
759:(in English)
732:
731:Noss, Aagot
718:
704:
703:Noss, Aagot
688:
670:
663:
652:. Retrieved
648:the original
641:
634:
625:
620:
609:. Retrieved
605:the original
598:
591:
586:, Aagot Noss
583:
579:
570:
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544:
528:
523:
515:Norsk ordbog
514:
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481:
467:
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401:Valdresmusea
400:
392:
388:
385:
367:
279:
264:
249:
228:
168:
165:bridal crown
146:
142:bunad police
141:
138:
134:folk costume
133:
129:
123:
100:and notably
87:
82:
58:
54:
40:
39:
38:
28:
2988:Grass skirt
2862:Liqui liqui
2835:Chilote cap
2752:Coppola cap
2646:Kosovorotka
2611:Kozhushanka
2218:Middle East
2155:Raj pattern
2145:Pha khao ma
2088:Baro't saya
2078:Philippines
2056:Baju Melayu
2051:Baju Kurung
1928:Gaung baung
1687:Afghanistan
1634:Kente cloth
1460:Nationalism
1315:Immigration
1191:Natural gas
1105:LGBT rights
1095:Governments
874:Unification
779:Oslobunaden
671:Aftenposten
3053:Categories
2872:Panama hat
2626:Vyshyvanka
2584:Azerbaijan
2553:Lederhosen
2418:Fustanella
2207:Ăo tứ thĂąn
2093:Buntal hat
1940:Chong Kben
1750:Tangzhuang
1435:Literature
1394:(clothing)
1342:Norwegians
1325:Irreligion
1198:(currency)
1120:Parliament
869:Viking Age
859:Bronze Age
654:2010-08-11
626:Klara Semb
611:2010-08-11
500:References
470:embroidery
453:Klara Semb
352:Traditions
169:brudekrone
53:, plural:
46:Norwegian:
2857:Guayabera
2722:Cachirulo
2717:Barretina
2641:Kokoshnik
2621:Sharovary
2589:Kelaghayi
2445:Macedonia
2408:Aromanian
2322:Palestine
2175:Tabengman
2135:Chut Thai
2108:Patadyong
2071:Tengkolok
1967:Baju bodo
1962:Indonesia
1911:Southeast
1762:Hachimaki
1735:Cheongsam
1659:Tagelmust
1624:Jellabiya
1420:Jante law
1401:Christmas
1330:Languages
1300:Education
1254:Transport
1171:Fisheries
1085:Elections
1009:Mountains
984:Districts
967:Geography
943:1945â2000
854:Stone Age
442:TrĂžndelag
299:TrĂžndelag
71:livestock
67:household
63:Norwegian
3028:Taʻovala
3008:Lavalava
2965:Sombrero
2945:Huarache
2925:Bolo tie
2845:Chupalla
2830:Chamanto
2737:Mantilla
2692:Oorijzer
2601:Kobeniak
2477:Britain
2438:Himation
2401:Xhubleta
2396:Xhamadan
2307:Keffiyeh
2290:Tefillin
2192:Ăo bĂ ba
2170:Suea pat
2150:Pha nung
2120:Thailand
2046:Malaysia
2034:Suea pat
2029:Xout lao
1977:Blangkon
1935:Cambodia
1902:Sherwani
1872:Pakistan
1814:Manggeon
1745:Mao suit
1619:Head tie
1614:Djellaba
1536:Category
1404:(season)
1357:Religion
1347:Pensions
1234:Taxation
1181:Industry
1115:Monarchy
1110:Military
1048:Politics
674:Archived
555:Archived
534:Archived
488:See also
437:Setesdal
405:Fagernes
334:(female)
332:Setesdal
314:Akershus
250:Frieriet
201:in bunad
186:in bunad
118:Telemark
3003:Lap-lap
2981:Oceania
2941:Mexico
2877:Pollera
2867:Lliklla
2780:Iceland
2698:France
2687:Kraplap
2672:Western
2661:Sarafan
2637:Russia
2616:Ochipok
2606:Kozhukh
2596:Ukraine
2579:Armenia
2572:Eastern
2541:Central
2525:Sporran
2500:Ireland
2481:Country
2450:Romania
2433:Chlamys
2413:Croatia
2391:Qeleshe
2327:Pandama
2312:Kurdish
2295:Tzitzit
2275:Sheitel
2245:Boshiya
2235:Assyria
2187:Vietnam
2113:Salakot
2066:Songkok
2061:Songket
2007:Songkok
2002:Songket
1852:Dupatta
1831:Bhutan
1809:Jokduri
1804:Hwagwan
1789:Daenggi
1784:Cheopji
1714:Paranja
1709:Malahai
1680:Central
1664:Wrapper
1609:Dashiki
1527:Outline
1474:Symbols
1415:Cuisine
1372:Culture
1352:Poverty
1273:Society
1259:Whaling
1244:Tourism
1154:Economy
1004:Mammals
994:Islands
979:Climate
846:History
415:Origins
163:with a
120:, 1880s
108:History
102:Germany
98:Denmark
75:clothes
61:) is a
59:bunadar
55:bunader
3038:Tupenu
3013:Kiekie
2998:I-sala
2960:Serape
2955:Rebozo
2937:Huipil
2910:Tignon
2882:Poncho
2852:Chullo
2826:Chile
2822:Aguayo
2785:Sweden
2747:Ciocia
2743:Italy
2708:Spain
2682:Poffer
2563:Tracht
2558:Poland
2548:Dirndl
2510:Aboyne
2460:Kosovo
2455:Serbia
2428:Chiton
2386:Opinga
2381:Ăorape
2364:Balkan
2357:Europe
2342:Hejazi
2337:Turban
2302:JilbÄb
2280:Tallit
2270:Kippah
2265:Jewish
2255:Chador
2197:Ăo dĂ i
2182:Tudong
2125:Banong
2098:Malong
2012:Tanjak
1997:Kupiah
1992:Kemben
1987:Kebaya
1950:Sompot
1923:Longyi
1877:Pathin
1799:Hanbok
1767:Kimono
1699:Chapan
1644:Litham
1604:Boubou
1599:Balgha
1591:Africa
1541:Portal
1503:Mottos
1481:Anthem
1410:Cinema
1310:Health
1196:Krone
1186:Mining
1166:Energy
1125:Police
1080:Courts
1029:Rivers
1019:Cities
837:Norway
725:
711:
695:
474:silver
364:stamps
237:(1890)
230:Budeia
94:Norway
3059:Bunad
3033:TÄfui
3018:Pareo
2930:Chaps
2887:Ruana
2775:GĂĄkti
2770:Bunad
2651:Lapti
2532:Wales
2486:Court
2423:Greek
2332:Thawb
2317:NiqÄb
2260:Izaar
2250:Burqa
2240:Bisht
2225:Abaya
2160:Sabai
1972:Batik
1945:Krama
1918:Burma
1882:Perak
1867:Nepal
1862:Lungi
1857:India
1847:Dhoti
1825:South
1794:Gache
1779:Korea
1757:Japan
1740:Hanfu
1730:China
1692:Pakol
1649:Pareo
1629:Kanzu
1491:Flags
1455:Sport
1440:Media
1425:Music
1391:Bunad
1362:Women
1290:Crime
999:Lakes
642:Bunad
482:sĂžlje
330:from
130:bunad
83:bunad
41:Bunad
29:skaut
3023:Sulu
2520:Kilt
2376:Brez
2230:Agal
2165:Sinh
2039:Sinh
2024:Laos
2017:Ulos
1982:Ikat
1955:Sbai
1892:Sari
1840:Kira
1723:East
1704:Deel
1673:Asia
1639:Kufi
723:ISBN
709:ISBN
693:ISBN
478:gold
132:and
1835:Gho
1772:Obi
1385:Art
1219:Oil
476:or
3055::
757:)
1575:e
1568:t
1561:v
829:e
822:t
815:v
657:.
640:"
614:.
597:"
399:(
171:)
167:(
57:/
44:(
35:)
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