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896:. An agreement of autonomy was reached by the two parties where the southeastern region will become independent. However, on reaching Nigeria, Gen. Yakubu Gowon breached the agreement and failed to implement the system of autonomy and further declaring war against the agreed secession of southeastern Nigeria. As a result Colonel Odumegwu-Ojukwu declared Eastern Nigeria a sovereign state to be known as Biafra:
2313:
2299:
596:, blockaded Biafra and cut food supplies, which created a mass famine. Ojukwu made use of foreign media to highlight the plight of Biafran civilians and depict the war as genocide against Igbos. The shocking images of starving Biafran civilians turned the war into an international media sensation, as this was one of the first globally televised wars alongside the
936:, a hole appeared in the Biafran front lines, and the Nigerian military exploited this. As it became obvious that the war was lost, Ojukwu was convinced to leave the country to avoid assassination. On 9 January 1970, he handed over power to his second in command, Chief of General Staff Major-General Philip Effiong, and left for
859:. The coup failed in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria where Ojukwu was the military Governor, due to the effort of the brigade commander and hesitation of northern officers stationed in the region (partly due to the mutiny leaders in the East being Northern whilst being surrounded by a large Eastern population).
879:, who was part of the coup. This realisation led Ogundipe to opt-out. Thus, Ojukwu's insistence could not be enforced by Ogundipe unless the coup plotters agreed (which they did not). The fallout from this led to a standoff between Ojukwu and Gowon, leading to the sequence of events that resulted in the
1020:, whereby his body was carried around the five Eastern states, Imo, Abia, Enugu, Ebonyi, Anambra, including the nation's capital, Abuja. Memorial services and public events were also held in his honour in several places across Nigeria, including Lagos and Niger State, his birthplace, and as far away as
956:
granted a pardon to Ojukwu on 18 May 1982, allowing him to return to
Nigeria as a private citizen. Ojukwu re-entered Nigeria from Ivory Coast on 18 June. Ojukwu declared his candidacy for the Nigerian Senate in 1983. The official tally showed him losing by 12,000 votes, though a court attempted to
891:
Following the incessant killings of Igbos all over the nation as a result of tribal intolerance and fear of domination by Igbos, Ojukwu, being the southeastern general and Yakubu Gowon who was selected as the supreme general and head of state agreed to hold a peace conference at Aburi, Ghana hosted
559:
in 1955 with a master's degree in history and returned to
Nigeria to serve as an administrative officer. He later joined the Nigerian army and was rapidly promoted. Following Nigerian independence in 1960, a group of mostly Igbo junior army officers overthrew Nigeria’s civilian government in the
900:
Having mandated me to proclaim on your behalf, and in your name, that
Eastern Nigeria is a sovereign independent Republic, now, therefore I, Lieutenant Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu, Military Governor of Eastern Nigeria, by the authority, and under the principles recited above, do hereby
639:
regard him as a hero and a messianic figure who did what was necessary to ensure the survival of
Nigeria's Eastern population while facing the possibility of a genocide after the 1966 coup. Other Nigerians have deemed Biafra's secession unnecessary, blaming Ojukwu for the events of the war and
739:) to prevent Emeka from getting an officer-cadetship. Sir Louis and Governor-General Macpherson believed Emeka would not stick to the gruelling NCO schedule, however, Emeka persevered. After an incident in which Ojukwu corrected a drill sergeant's mispronunciation of the safety catch of the
619:
granted amnesty to Ojukwu, allowing him to return to
Nigeria without facing political or legal consequences from the war. Ojukwu spent the remainder of his life unsuccessfully attempting to return to Nigerian politics as a democratically elected politician rather than a military ruler.
807:
Aguiyi-Ironsi took over the leadership of the country and thus became the first military head of state. On Monday, 17 January 1966, he appointed military governors for the four regions. Lt. Col. Odumegwu-Ojukwu was appointed
Military Governor of the Eastern Region. Others were: Lt.-Cols
687:
in 1944 where he was involved in a controversy leading to his brief imprisonment for assaulting a
British teacher who put down a student strike action that he was a part of. This event generated widespread coverage in local newspapers. At 13, his father sent him to the
44:
928:
were executed for treason with the approval of Ojukwu, the
Biafran Supreme commander. Major Ifeajuna was one of those executed. The defendants had argued that they sought a negotiated ceasefire with the federal government and were not guilty of treason.
587:
In response to Igbo demands for secession, Ojukwu reorganised the
Eastern Region as the Republic of Biafra, and he declared independence from Nigeria. Nigeria invaded Biafra, sparking the Nigerian Civil War. The Nigerian military, with support from the
901:
solemnly proclaim that the territory and region known as and called
Eastern Nigeria together with her continental shelf and territorial waters, shall, henceforth, be an independent sovereign state of the name and title of The Republic of Biafra.
843:
started. This presented problems for Odumegwu Ojukwu, as he did everything in his power to prevent reprisals and even encouraged people to return, as assurances for their safety had been given by his supposed colleagues up north and out west.
800:, also in northern Nigeria. It is to Ojukwu's credit that the coup lost much steam in the north, where it had succeeded. Lt. Col. Odumegwu-Ojukwu supported the forces loyal to the Supreme Commander of the Nigerian Armed Forces, Major-General
874:
be made head of state, although both Gowon and Ojukwu were of the same rank in the Nigerian Army. Ogundipe could not muster enough force in Lagos to establish his authority as soldiers (Guard Battalion) available to him were under
720:. In 1957, after two years of working with the colonial civil service and seeking to break away from his father's influence over his civil service career, he left and joined the military initially enlisting as a
2172:
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reverse the ruling in September of that year, citing fraud in the election results. However, the disputed result was rendered moot when the Shagari government fell in the
2324:
1932:
2197:
2391:
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At that time, the Nigerian Military Forces had 250 officers and only 15 were Nigerians. There were 6,400 other ranks, of which 336 were British. After serving in the
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976:(former Miss Intercontinental and future ambassador) in 1994, his third marriage. The couple had three children, Afamefuna, Chineme and Nwachukwu. In the
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1977:
1486:
732:
568:, another Igbo, became the new Nigerian head of state, and he appointed Ojukwu as military governor of the predominately Igbo Eastern Region. However,
866:. On acknowledging Ironsi's death, Ojukwu insisted that the military hierarchy be preserved. The most senior army officer after Ironsi was Brigadier
615:, who recognised Biafra as a sovereign and independent state, granted him political asylum. In 1981, newly democratically elected Nigerian president
2224:
2317:
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from the Nigerian Army, and thousands of people attended his funeral. Ojukwu remains a contentious figure in the history of Nigeria. Many
2119:
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On 6 July 1967, Gowon declared war and attacked Biafra. In addition to the Aburi Accord that tried to avoid the war, there was also the
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with Brigadier B.A.O. Ogundipe, Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters, Lt. Col. Yakubu Gowon, Chief of Staff Army HQ, Commodore
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Biafra eventually capitulated to Nigerian forces in 1970 after millions of Biafran civilians died. Ojukwu subsequently fled to
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1951:
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He was one of the first and few university graduates to receive an army commission. He later attended Infantry School in
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From Zaria, Emeka proceeded first to the Royal West African Frontier Force Training School in Teshie, Ghana and next, to
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17:
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2198:"At Ojukwu memorial in Dallas, USAfrica's Chido Nwangwu challenges the Igbo nation to say "never again" like Jews"
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in south-eastern Nigeria. Sir Louis was in the transport business; he took advantage of the business boom during
249:
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He died in 2011 at the age of 78 in London, England. His body was returned to Nigeria, where Nigerian president
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761:. Upon completion of further military training, he was assigned to the Army's Fifth Battalion in Kaduna.
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1016:. Before his final interment, he had an elaborate weeklong funeral ceremony in Nigeria alongside Chief
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The Supreme Commander General Aguiyi-Ironsi and his host Colonel Fajuyi were abducted and killed in
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75:
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855:, and Martin Adamu, led the majority of Northern soldiers in a mutiny that later developed into a
700:, where he earned a master's degree in History. He returned to colonial Nigeria in 1956. He was a
1012:
before his burial on Friday 2 March. He was buried in a newly built mausoleum in his compound at
804:. Major Nzeogwu was in control of Kaduna, but the coup had failed in other parts of the country.
521:
113:
973:
921:. This was the final effort by Generals Ojukwu and Gowon to settle the conflict via diplomacy.
736:
265:
2337:
Lt. Colonel Chukwuemeka Ojukwu: "The East Is At The Crossroads", Prelude to Biafra (May 1967)
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2173:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, 78: Rebel leader who broke the Republic of Biafra away from Nigeria"
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1985:
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accorded him the highest military accolade and conducted a funeral parade for him in
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Lieutenant-Colonel Ojukwu was in Kano, northern Nigeria, when Major Patrick Chukwuma
624:
556:
1907:
1201:"'Ours is a war of survival': Biafra, Nigeria and arguments about genocide, 1966–70"
1162:"'Ours is a war of survival': Biafra, Nigeria and arguments about genocide, 1966–70"
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1212:
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During the war, in 1967, some members of the July 1966 alleged coup plot and Major
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Ojukwu joined the civil service in Eastern Nigeria as an Administrative Officer at
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The Statesman’s Yearbook Companion: The Leaders, Events and Cities of the World
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1989:
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743:, the British Depot Commander recommended Emeka for an officer's commission.
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632:
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616:
573:
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jailed hundreds of political figures, including Ojukwu, who was held at the
1658:
Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966–1976) P30
1126:
952:
In 1981, Ojukwu began campaigning to return to Nigeria. Nigerian president
944:– who had recognised Biafra on 14 May 1968 – granted him political asylum.
925:
910:
871:
870:. However, the leaders of the countercoup insisted that Lieutenant Colonel
797:
713:
669:
593:
569:
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161:
148:
1869:"What Ojukwu told me before the Civil War – Gowon – Entertainment Express"
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783:
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833:
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to become the richest man in Nigeria. He began his educational career in
657:
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608:
597:
536:
1773:
Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966–1976)
933:
754:
505:
298:
1615:
2256:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, Leader of Breakaway Republic of Biafra, Dies at 78"
1952:"Emmanuel Ifeajuna: Commonwealth Games gold to facing a firing squad"
1008:
on 27 February 2012, the day his body was flown back to Nigeria from
780:, where he was in charge of the 5th Battalion of the Nigerian Army.
750:
where he received his commission in March 1958 as a 2nd Lieutenant.
576:
army officers feared an Igbo-dominated government, resulting in the
1616:"Federal Nigerian Army Blunders of the Nigerian Civil War – Part 9"
1105:"Odumegwu Ojukwu | Biography, Education, & Biafra | Britannica"
648:
Chukwuemeka "Emeka" Odumegwu Ojukwu was born on 4 November 1933 at
524:
of Nigeria, which he declared as the independent state of Biafra.
776:, Ojukwu was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1964 and posted to
649:
552:
528:
346:
203:
727:
Ojukwu's decision to enlist as an NCO was forced by his father (
640:
accusing him of oppressing Biafra's non-Igbo ethnic minorities.
600:. Biafra received international humanitarian relief during the
2312:
1404:"Nigerian Catholics reflect on 50th anniversary of Biafran War"
1044:
1009:
906:
863:
548:
225:
1303:
1301:
1013:
673:
661:
2014:"Odumegwu Ojukwu | Nigerian military leader and politician"
1487:"Emeka Ojukwu Biography: Things You Did Not Know About Him"
1298:
531:, Nigeria during British colonial rule. He was the son of
43:
996:
On 26 November 2011, Ikemba Odumegwu Ojukwu died in the
631:. He was buried with full military honours, including a
1814:"The Biafran War, Nigerian History, Nigerian Civil War"
980:
era, Ojukwu unsuccessfully contested the presidency in
847:
On 29 July 1966, a group of officers, including Majors
784:
1966 coups and events leading to the Nigerian Civil War
679:
Emeka Ojukwu started his secondary school education at
1978:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, Breakaway Biafra Leader, Dies at 78"
1933:"A Befitting Monument for Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu"
2095:"18 June 1982: Ojukwu's return to Nigeria from exile"
2325:
A Befitting Monument for Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
2280:
2223:
Isiguzo, Christopher; Osondu, Emeka (3 March 2012).
1382:"Educational History of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu"
1087:"Nigeria's ex-Biafra leader Chukwuemeka Ojukwu dies"
917:
Conference (1968) under the chairmanship of Emperor
1844:"Civil war in Nigeria - Jul 06, 1967 - HISTORY.com"
520:. He previously served as military governor of the
1554:
2392:Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2007
2387:Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2003
2343:
2037:
1450:
794:executed and announced the bloody military coup
731:)'s pulling of political strings with the then
2222:
2146:"NEW CHARGES IN NIGERIA CITE WIDE CORRUPTION"
2042:. Spectrum Books Ltd., 1989. pp. 66–67.
2038:Odumegwu Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka (January 1989).
2008:
2006:
1451:Odumegwu Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka (January 1989).
2064:"THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR"
1741:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, p. 289, 2019,
2432:Recipients of Nigerian presidential pardons
2377:All Progressives Grand Alliance politicians
1357:"Throwback: Day Ojukwu slapped his teacher"
1120:
1118:
932:After two and a half years of fighting and
643:
497:(4 November 1933 – 26 November 2011) was a
244:Nigerian Military, Biafran military, later
2397:Graduates of the Mons Officer Cadet School
2003:
1737:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka (Nigeria)",
1125:Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (7 August 2020).
774:Major General Johnson Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi
42:
2327:, blackacademypress.com. 3 February 2012.
1908:"Yakubu Gowon | head of state of Nigeria"
1764:
1746:
1457:. Spectrum Books Ltd., 1989. p. 79.
1332:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu (1933–2011)"
683:aged 10 in 1943. He later transferred to
2254:McFadden, Robert D. (26 November 2011).
2253:
2120:"Biafran Hero Wins Nigerian Senate Seat"
1976:McFadden, Robert D. (26 November 2011).
1975:
1688:
1548:
1546:
1423:. Spectrum Books, 1992. pp. 24–25.
1323:
1115:
2170:
1770:
1552:
1515:
1416:
1198:
1159:
27:Nigerian politician and military leader
14:
2344:
1691:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu obituary"
1634:
1584:
1582:
1484:
1280:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu obituary"
1027:His funeral was attended by President
126:19 January 1966 – 27 May 1967
2171:Shapiro, T. Rees (29 November 2011).
2092:
1897:, Benard Odogwu, 1985, pp. 3, 4.
1543:
69:30 May 1967 – 8 January 1970
2331:News story regarding Odumegwu Ojukwu
1522:. Spectrum Books, 1992. p. 27.
1329:
1259:
1124:
1035:of Ghana among other personalities.
1000:after a brief illness, aged 78. The
947:
692:to continue his education, first at
539:businessman. Ojukwu was educated at
1925:
1689:Whiteman, Kaye (27 November 2011).
1579:
1128:A History of the Republic of Biafra
969:. He was released later that year.
961:on 31 December. In early 1984, the
24:
2333:, tribune.com.ng. 8 December 2011.
1949:
1895:Crises And Conflicts Inside Biafra
1640:
1260:Ekpo, Charles (8 September 2021).
828:, Head of Nigerian Navy, Lt. Col.
766:United Nations’ peacekeeping force
698:Lincoln College, Oxford University
25:
2448:
2412:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
2276:
1596:. Encyclopedia of World Biography
1561:. Spectrum Books, 1992. pp.
1406:. ncronline.org. 8 February 2020.
1384:. Allafrica.com. 26 November 2011
1311:. Allafrica.com. 26 November 2011
1241:. Allafrica.com. 26 November 2011
909:Peace Conference under President
820:(Mid West). These men formed the
2422:CMS Grammar School, Lagos alumni
2407:People educated at Epsom College
2311:
2297:
2283:
1239:"Odumegwu-Ojukwu Dies At Age 78"
1199:Anthony, Douglas (3 July 2014).
1160:Anthony, Douglas (3 July 2014).
967:Kirikiri Maximum Security Prison
857:"Counter-Coup" or "July Rematch"
414:
402:
389:
365:
352:
339:
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2216:
2190:
2164:
2138:
2112:
2093:James, Raphael (18 June 2020).
2086:
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1969:
1943:
1900:
1887:
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1836:
1806:
1789:
1730:
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1608:
1594:Encyclopedia of World Biography
1509:
1478:
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2427:Biafran Armed Forces personnel
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1253:
1231:
1192:
1153:
1131:. Cambridge University Press.
1097:
1079:
1061:
13:
1:
1748:10.1057/978-1-349-95839-9_574
1590:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu"
1055:
913:(1968) and the OAU-sponsored
660:businessman from present-day
516:from 1967 to 1970 during the
236:Nigerian, Biafran (1967–1970)
2417:King's College, Lagos alumni
1645:. Methuen, 1971. p. 49.
1643:The Nigerian army, 1956–1966
1309:"Early Life of Emeka Ojukwu"
1217:10.1080/14623528.2014.936701
1205:Journal of Genocide Research
1178:10.1080/14623528.2014.936701
1166:Journal of Genocide Research
1031:of Nigeria and ex-President
7:
2318:Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
2152:. Reuters. 12 February 1984
1553:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1516:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1417:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1038:
757:, the Small Arms School in
733:Governor-General of Nigeria
652:in northern Nigeria to Sir
535:, a wealthy and successful
409:United Nations Peacekeeping
191:Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
36:Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
10:
2453:
832:, Head of Air Force, Col.
611:in exile, where President
578:1966 Nigerian counter-coup
2225:"Goodnight Ikemba Ojukwu"
959:1983 Nigerian coup d'Ă©tat
954:Shehu Aliyu Usman Shagari
886:
853:Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma
681:CMS Grammar School, Lagos
562:1966 Nigerian coup d'Ă©tat
480:
466:
439:
433:1957–1967 (Nigerian Army)
429:
381:
331:
326:
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313:Mons Officer Cadet School
297:
284:CMS Grammar School, Lagos
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822:Supreme Military Council
722:non-commissioned officer
676:, southwestern Nigeria.
644:Early life and education
435:1967–1970 (Biafran Army)
261:Njideka Odumegwu-Ojukwu
2362:People from Niger State
2126:. AP. 21 September 1983
2018:Encyclopedia Britannica
1912:Encyclopedia Britannica
1818:www.africamasterweb.com
814:Francis Adekunle Fajuyi
114:Eastern Region, Nigeria
2402:Nigerian Army officers
1775:. Algora. p. 97.
942:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
903:
741:Lee-Enfield .303 rifle
613:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
459:(Biafran Armed Forces)
266:Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu
2320:at Wikimedia Commons
2040:Because I am involved
1873:Entertainment Express
1771:Siollun, Max (2009).
1661:. Max Siollun. 2009.
1454:Because I am involved
1137:10.1017/9781108887748
898:
841:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
685:King's College, Lagos
654:Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu
582:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
566:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
541:King's College, Lagos
533:Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu
430:Years of service
288:King's College, Lagos
2382:Presidents of Biafra
810:Hassan Usman Katsina
555:. He graduated from
421:Biafran Armed Forces
304:University of Oxford
2372:Igbo Army personnel
2177:The Washington Post
1939:on 3 February 2012.
1893:No Place To Hide –
1497:on 16 November 2018
1093:. 26 November 2011.
1075:on 8 December 2011.
1069:"Ojukwu's birthday"
877:Joseph Nanven Garba
792:on 15 January 1966
580:and the subsequent
527:Ojukwu was born in
322:Soldier, politician
171:South-Eastern State
137:Francis Akanu Ibiam
57:President of Biafra
2150:The New York Times
2124:The New York Times
2099:The News (Nigeria)
2074:on 4 December 2017
1982:The New York Times
1875:. 23 December 2014
1797:"1966 Countercoup"
1724:"1966 Countercoup"
1491:Nigerian Infopedia
1361:The News (Nigeria)
1286:. 27 November 2011
1109:www.britannica.com
1024:, United States.
940:, where President
881:Nigerian civil war
818:David Akpode Ejoor
518:Nigerian Civil War
514:Republic of Biafra
475:Nigerian Civil War
447:Lieutenant Colonel
158:Alfred Diete-Spiff
153:East Central State
18:C. Odumegwu Ojukwu
2316:Media related to
2204:. 6 February 2012
1758:978-1-349-95839-9
1622:. Dr Nowa Omoigui
1262:"Who Was Ojukwu?"
1146:978-1-108-88774-8
1029:Goodluck Jonathan
948:Return to Nigeria
868:Babafemi Ogundipe
716:, in present-day
625:Goodluck Jonathan
557:Oxford University
484:
483:
16:(Redirected from
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2367:Igbo politicians
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2305:Biography portal
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2083:
2081:
2079:
2070:. Archived from
2060:
2054:
2053:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1935:. Archived from
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1824:on 12 March 2008
1820:. Archived from
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1750:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1560:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1493:. Archived from
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1336:Vanguard Nigeria
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1211:(2–3): 205–225.
1196:
1190:
1189:
1172:(2–3): 205–225.
1157:
1151:
1150:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1071:. Archived from
1065:
849:Murtala Muhammed
830:George T. Kurubo
724:(NCO) in Zaria.
502:military officer
419:
418:
407:
406:
395:
393:
392:
371:
369:
368:
358:
356:
355:
345:
343:
342:
327:Military service
259:Elizabeth Okoli
223:
221:
218:26 November 2011
200:
198:
182:Personal details
145:
133:
124:
102:
94:Position created
90:
78:
67:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2342:
2341:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2235:on 7 April 2014
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1950:Oliver, Brian.
1948:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1551:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1330:Nwakanma, Obi.
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1197:
1193:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1123:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1041:
1018:Obafemi Awolowo
994:
978:Fourth Republic
972:Ojukwu married
950:
889:
839:By 29 May, the
786:
737:John Macpherson
710:
646:
602:Biafran airlift
543:in Nigeria and
495:Odumegwu Ojukwu
473:
462:
434:
425:
413:
401:
390:
388:
377:
366:
364:
353:
351:
340:
338:
311:
290:
286:
264:
262:
260:
241:Political party
224:
219:
217:
208:British Nigeria
202:
201:4 November 1933
196:
194:
193:
192:
167:Uduokaha Esuene
165:
156:
143:
131:
125:
120:
100:
88:
74:
68:
63:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2309:
2308:
2294:
2291:Nigeria portal
2278:
2277:External links
2275:
2273:
2272:
2260:New York Times
2246:
2215:
2189:
2163:
2137:
2111:
2085:
2055:
2048:
2030:
2002:
1968:
1942:
1924:
1899:
1886:
1860:
1835:
1805:
1788:
1781:
1763:
1757:
1729:
1715:
1681:
1667:
1648:
1633:
1620:www.dawodu.com
1607:
1578:
1571:
1542:
1528:
1508:
1477:
1463:
1443:
1429:
1409:
1395:
1373:
1348:
1322:
1297:
1271:
1252:
1230:
1191:
1152:
1145:
1114:
1096:
1078:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1033:Jerry Rawlings
1006:Abuja, Nigeria
998:United Kingdom
993:
990:
949:
946:
919:Haile Selassie
888:
885:
802:Aguiyi-Ironisi
790:Kaduna Nzeogwu
785:
782:
709:
706:
702:Roman Catholic
690:United Kingdom
645:
642:
590:United Kingdom
522:Eastern Region
508:who served as
482:
481:
478:
477:
468:
464:
463:
461:
460:
454:
443:
441:
437:
436:
431:
427:
426:
424:
423:
411:
399:
385:
383:
382:Branch/service
379:
378:
376:
375:
362:
360:United Nations
349:
335:
333:
329:
328:
324:
323:
320:
316:
315:
301:
295:
294:
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
257:
253:
252:
242:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
222:(aged 78)
215:
211:
210:
190:
188:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
174:
146:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
117:
116:
109:
108:
106:Philip Effiong
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
82:Philip Effiong
79:
76:Vice President
71:
70:
60:
59:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2449:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2295:
2292:
2281:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2049:9789782460462
2045:
2041:
2034:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1782:9780875867090
1778:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1670:
1668:9780875867106
1664:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1641:Miners, N.J.
1637:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1572:9789782462091
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1531:
1529:9789782462091
1525:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1466:
1464:9789782460462
1460:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1432:
1430:9789782462091
1426:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1383:
1377:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:Dallas, Texas
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:Nigerian Army
999:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
963:Buhari regime
960:
955:
945:
943:
939:
935:
930:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
897:
895:
894:Joseph Ankrah
884:
882:
878:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
845:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
705:
703:
699:
696:and later at
695:
694:Epsom College
691:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
666:Anambra State
663:
659:
655:
651:
641:
638:
634:
633:21-gun salute
630:
629:state funeral
626:
621:
618:
617:Shehu Shagari
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Epsom College
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
476:
472:
469:
465:
458:
455:
452:
451:Nigerian Army
448:
445:
444:
442:
438:
432:
428:
422:
417:
412:
410:
405:
400:
398:
397:Nigerian Army
387:
386:
384:
380:
374:
363:
361:
350:
348:
337:
336:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
314:
309:
305:
302:
300:
296:
293:
292:Epsom College
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:Stella Ojukwu
258:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
216:
212:
209:
205:
189:
185:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
154:
150:
147:
141:
138:
135:
129:
123:
118:
115:
110:
107:
104:
98:
95:
92:
86:
83:
80:
77:
72:
66:
61:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2310:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2233:the original
2229:THISDAY LIVE
2228:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2067:
2058:
2039:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
1993:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:
1945:
1937:the original
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1911:
1902:
1894:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1872:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1817:
1808:
1791:
1772:
1766:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1695:The Guardian
1694:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1556:
1533:. Retrieved
1518:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:the original
1490:
1485:Madauwuchi.
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1453:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1419:
1412:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1288:. Retrieved
1284:the Guardian
1283:
1274:
1266:The Republic
1265:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1233:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1127:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1073:the original
1063:
1026:
995:
971:
951:
931:
926:Victor Banjo
923:
911:Hamani Diori
904:
899:
890:
872:Yakubu Gowon
861:
846:
838:
826:J. E. A. Wey
816:(West), and
806:
787:
763:
752:
745:
726:
711:
708:Early career
678:
670:World War II
647:
622:
606:
594:Soviet Union
586:
526:
494:
490:
486:
485:
471:Congo Crisis
467:Battles/wars
220:(2011-11-26)
162:Rivers State
149:Ukpabi Asika
144:Succeeded by
121:
112:Governor of
101:Succeeded by
93:
64:
29:
2437:Igbo people
2357:2011 deaths
2352:1933 births
2182:22 November
2156:22 November
2130:22 November
2104:22 November
1995:27 February
1848:HISTORY.com
1600:13 February
1290:27 February
1050:Igbo people
974:Bianca Onoh
938:Ivory Coast
915:Addis Ababa
892:by General
718:Enugu State
637:Igbo people
627:arranged a
609:Ivory Coast
598:Vietnam War
487:Chukwuemeka
233:Nationality
132:Preceded by
89:Preceded by
2346:Categories
1961:4 February
1674:15 January
1626:15 January
1535:4 February
1501:16 January
1470:2 February
1436:4 February
1056:References
934:starvation
834:Sittu Alao
755:Warminster
748:Eaton Hall
506:politician
332:Allegiance
319:Profession
299:Alma mater
197:1933-11-04
1990:0362-4331
1703:0261-3077
1341:13 August
1225:1462-3528
1186:1462-3528
812:(North),
729:Sir Louis
510:President
280:Education
256:Spouse(s)
122:In office
65:In office
2202:USAfrica
2078:14 March
1956:Guardian
1879:14 March
1853:14 March
1828:14 March
1091:BBC News
1039:See also
772:, under
592:and the
499:Nigerian
310:History)
272:Children
55:1st
2265:4 April
2239:4 April
2208:4 April
768:in the
650:Zungeru
553:England
529:Zungeru
512:of the
457:General
347:Nigeria
204:Zungeru
2046:
1988:
1779:
1755:
1701:
1665:
1569:
1526:
1461:
1427:
1388:22 May
1315:22 May
1245:22 May
1223:
1184:
1143:
1045:Biafra
1010:London
907:Niamey
887:Biafra
864:Ibadan
798:Kaduna
574:Yoruba
549:Surrey
394:
373:Biafra
370:
357:
344:
226:London
2023:9 May
1917:9 May
1800:(PDF)
1708:9 May
1563:26–29
1557:Emeka
1519:Emeka
1420:Emeka
1366:9 May
1014:Nnewi
992:Death
770:Congo
759:Hythe
674:Lagos
662:Nnewi
656:, an
570:Hausa
491:Emeka
2267:2014
2241:2014
2210:2014
2184:2020
2158:2020
2132:2020
2106:2020
2080:2017
2068:IPOB
2044:ISBN
2025:2020
1997:2022
1986:ISSN
1963:2019
1919:2020
1881:2017
1855:2017
1830:2017
1777:ISBN
1753:ISBN
1710:2020
1699:ISSN
1676:2017
1663:ISBN
1628:2017
1602:2016
1567:ISBN
1537:2017
1524:ISBN
1503:2017
1472:2017
1459:ISBN
1438:2017
1425:ISBN
1390:2012
1368:2020
1343:2015
1317:2012
1292:2022
1247:2012
1221:ISSN
1182:ISSN
1141:ISBN
986:2007
984:and
982:2003
778:Kano
658:Igbo
572:and
537:Igbo
504:and
440:Rank
308:M.A.
250:APGA
228:, UK
214:Died
187:Born
1743:doi
1213:doi
1174:doi
1133:doi
796:in
714:Udi
604:.
547:in
246:NPN
2348::
2258:.
2227:.
2200:.
2175:.
2148:.
2122:.
2097:.
2066:.
2016:.
2005:^
1984:.
1980:.
1954:.
1910:.
1871:.
1846:.
1816:.
1751:,
1697:.
1693:.
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