United Nations - Knowledge

4028: 858: 1718: 1968: 1844: 1857: 2576: 1870: 175: 3739: 4278: 754: 1731: 2717: 4523: 5431:. This proposed shift is in line with the UNSC's existing practice of basing the selection of non-permanent members on regional representation. Shifting to regional organization-based membership in the UNSC aims to reduce deadlock caused by individual state vetoes. A prime example of this issue was observed on February 25, 2022, when Russia used its veto power to block a resolution against its invasion of Ukraine, thereby underscoring a significant weakness in the UNSC's functioning. NWF's proposal is intended to improve the effectiveness and decision-making process within the UNSC. 5205: 3938: 4101: 2353: 4305: 3322: 3295: 3254: 3213: 3121: 2957: 2834: 13226: 13127: 4739: 4883: 2171: 1007: 2745: 4667: 14785: 5834: 1705: 5003: 1255: 2875: 144: 3628: 3615: 3548: 3495: 3468: 3455: 3408: 3175: 3162: 2970: 2916: 3988: 4595: 2257: 4811: 4499: 2847: 4859: 3508: 5820: 15649: 4691: 2510: 1083: 5806: 15139: 3308: 3267: 3093: 3668: 3226: 2929: 2758: 5027: 3588: 3039: 2541: 13196: 5075: 2888: 2385: 1266: 4955: 5051: 4835: 3811: 2289: 3695: 3655: 3575: 3421: 3052: 158: 2479: 2447: 4571: 3428: 3708: 3011: 2998: 13215: 2416: 4931: 2321: 4979: 4763: 3535: 2786: 2704: 8421:

Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 c of Article 86 of the Charter, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.

4787: 4619: 3182: 3134: 3080: 2799: 4643: 4907: 4715: 4547: 13035: 2599:, making it the only principal organ not based in New York City. The ICJ's main function is adjudicating disputes among nations. Examples of issues they have heard include war crimes, violations of state sovereignty and ethnic cleansing. The court can also be called upon by other UN organs to provide advisory opinions on matters of international law. All UN member states are parties to the 6437: 6408: 2069: 4127:. The document proclaims basic civil, political and economic rights common to all human beings, though its effectiveness towards achieving these ends has been disputed since its drafting. The Declaration serves as a "common standard of achievement for all people and all nations" rather than a legally binding document, but it has become the basis of two binding treaties, the 5135:

UN peace operations are funded by assessments, using a formula derived from the regular funding scale that includes a weighted surcharge for the five permanent Security Council members, who must approve all peacekeeping operations. This surcharge serves to offset discounted peacekeeping assessment rates for less developed countries. The largest contributors to the

1278: 13882: 5562:, to effect the United States' withdrawal from the United Nations. It would repeal various laws pertaining to the UN, terminate authorization for funds to be spent on the UN, terminate UN presence on American property, and withdraw diplomatic immunity for UN employees. It would provide up to two years for the United States to withdraw. The 5275:, a professor in political sciences, writes that the "accomplishments of the United Nations in the last 60 years are impressive in their own terms. Progress in human development during the 20th century has been dramatic, and the UN and its agencies have certainly helped the world become a more hospitable and livable place for millions". 5794:. Thant later commissioned Auden to write the poem after Casals requested one to set to music. Auden completed his work in three days time. The finished work, scored for chorus and orchestra, takes approximately seven minutes to play. However, there were never any plans to adopt the song as the organization's official anthem. 3968:

A study by the RAND Corporation in 2005 found the UN to be successful in two-thirds of its peacekeeping efforts. It compared efforts at nation-building by the UN to those of the United States and found that 87.5% of UN cases are at peace, as compared with 50% of U.S. cases at peace. Also in 2005, the

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The Economic and Social Council (or the ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development. It was established to serve as the UN's primary forum for global issues and is the largest and most complex UN body. The ECOSOC's functions include

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The secretary-general is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, where the permanent members have veto power. There are no specific criteria for the post, but over the years it has become accepted that the position shall be held for one or two terms of five

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The United Nations has inspired the extracurricular activity Model United Nations (or MUN). MUN is a simulation of United Nations activity based on the UN agenda and following UN procedure. It is usually attended by high school and university students who organize conferences to simulate the various

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The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among nations. While other organs of the UN can only make recommendations to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article

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Below the six organs are, in the words of the author Linda Fasulo, "an amazing collection of entities and organizations, some of which are actually older than the UN itself and operate with almost complete independence from it". These include specialized agencies, research and training institutions,

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Several studies have examined the Security Council's responsiveness to armed conflict. Findings suggests that the Council is more likely to meet and deliberate on conflicts that are more intense and have led to more humanitarian suffering, but that its responsiveness is also shaped by the political

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A large share of the UN's expenditure addresses its core mission of peace and security, and this budget is assessed separately from the main organizational budget. The peacekeeping budget for the 2021–2022 fiscal year is $ 6.38 billion, supporting 66,839 personnel deployed in 12 missions worldwide.

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since the end of the Cold War, and presented evidence, albeit circumstantial, that international activism – mostly spearheaded by the UN – has been the main cause of the decline in armed conflict. Situations in which the UN has not only acted to keep the peace but also intervened include the Korean

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that is designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the UN. Seventy-seven nations founded the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 133 member countries. The group was founded 15 June 1964 by

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Poland had not been represented among the fifty nations at the San Francisco conference due to the reluctance of the Western superpowers to recognize its post-war communist government. However, the Charter was later amended to list Poland as a founding member, and Poland ratified the Charter on 16

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stated that "France trusts the United Nations. She knows that no state, no matter how powerful, can solve urgent problems, fight for development and bring an end to all crises. France wants the UN to be the centre of global governance". In his 1953 address to the United States Committee for United

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The Assembly has established the principle that the UN should not be unduly dependent on any one member to finance its operations. Thus, there is a "ceiling" rate, setting the maximum amount that any member can be assessed for the regular budget. In December 2000, the Assembly revised the scale of

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The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are

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After the Cold War, the UN saw a radical expansion in its peacekeeping duties, taking on more missions in five years than it had in the previous four decades. Between 1988 and 2000, the number of adopted Security Council resolutions more than doubled, and the peacekeeping budget increased by more

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professor Lise Howard postulates that UN peacekeeping operations are more effective due to their emphasis on "verbal persuasion, financial inducements and coercion short of offensive military force, including surveillance and arrest", which are likelier to change the behavior of warring parties.

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The UN Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the United Nations can establish various specialized agencies to fulfill its duties. Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the Economic and Social

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Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the

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Council. Each was integrated into the UN system through an agreement with the UN under UN Charter article 57. There are fifteen specialized agencies, which perform functions as diverse as facilitating international travel, preventing and addressing pandemics, and promoting economic development.

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The secretary-general acts as the spokesperson and leader of the UN. The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organization's chief administrative officer. Article 99 of the charter states that the secretary-general can bring to the Security Council's attention "any matter which in their

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When the General Assembly decides on seminal questions such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member has one vote. Apart from the

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Another primary purpose of the UN is "to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character". Numerous bodies have been created to work towards this goal, primarily under the authority of the General Assembly and the

4379:(or the UNHCR) works to protect the rights of refugees, asylum seekers and stateless people. The UNHCR and the WFP programmes are funded by voluntary contributions from governments, corporations, and individuals, though the UNHCR's administrative costs are paid for by the UN's primary budget. 5690:

scholars counter that it is an effective organization because it has proved capable of solving many problems by working around the restrictions imposed by powerful member states. The UN is generally considered by scholars to be more effective in realms such as public health, and humanitarian

5374:. Even after the Cold War, divisions within the Security Council continued to hamstring the UN's ability to tackle problems. Its member states lacked either the means or the collective will to reconstruct failing states like Somalia, or prevent an ethnic slaughter in places like Sri Lanka." 4020:. UN peacekeepers have also been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, and sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan, Burundi, and Côte d'Ivoire. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the source of the 5648:, the United States has preferred a feeble United Nations in major projects undertaken by the organization to forestall UN interference with, or resistance to, American policies. "The last thing the U.S. wants is an independent UN throwing its weight around", Luck said. Similarly, former 16165: 4096:

One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights.

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The UN has also drawn criticism for perceived failures. In many cases, member states have shown reluctance to achieve or enforce Security Council resolutions. Disagreements in the Security Council about military action and intervention are seen as having failed to prevent the

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on 25 April 1945. It was attended by 50 nations' governments and a number of non-governmental organizations. The delegations of the Big Four chaired the plenary meetings. Previously, Churchill had urged Roosevelt to restore France to its status of a major power after the

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The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each nation to pay, as measured by its

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stating that the organization was an instrument for communism. Popular opposition to the UN was expressed through bumper stickers and signs with slogans such as "Get the U.S. out of the U.N. and the U.N. out of the U.S.!" and "You can't spell communism without U.N."

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in recognition of their work. Two secretaries-general, Dag Hammarskjöld and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize; as were Ralph Bunche, a UN negotiator, René Cassin, a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the American Secretary of State

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In the context of ongoing United Nations reform discussions, Noble World Foundation (NWF) proposes changing the structure of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) by shifting membership and veto power from individual states to regional organizations like the

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Though the UN Charter had been written primarily to prevent aggression by one nation against another, in the early 1990s the UN faced several simultaneous, serious crises within Somalia, Haiti, Mozambique, and the nations that previously made up Yugoslavia. The

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have interpreted as giving the position broad scope for action on the world stage. The office has evolved into a dual role of an administrator of the UN organization and a diplomat and mediator addressing disputes between member states and finding consensus to

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was completed over the following two months, and it was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the

14407: 2192:. The Secretariat's duties include providing information and facilities needed by UN bodies for their meetings and carrying out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies. 2002:

approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Security Council.

955:", and the next day the representatives of twenty-two other nations added their signatures. During the war, the United Nations became the official term for the Allies. In order to join, countries had to sign the Declaration and declare war on the 1202:

in the 1960s, the UN's membership shot up due to an influx of newly independent nations. In 1960 alone, 17 new states joined the UN, 16 of them from Africa. On 25 October 1971, with opposition from the United States, but with the support of many

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War and the authorization of intervention in Iraq after the Gulf War. Further studies published between 2008 and 2021 determined UN peacekeeping operations to be more effective at ensuring long-lasting peace and minimizing civilian casualties.

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states that while the organization has suffered some major setbacks, "when all its aspects are considered, the UN has brought great benefits to our generation and will bring benefits to our children's and grandchildren's generations as well."

16471: 11465: 531:, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international cooperation, and serving as a center for coordinating the actions of member nations. It is widely recognised as the world's largest international organization. The UN is 15545: 974:

which aimed for the creation "at the earliest possible date of a general international organization". This was the first public announcement that a new international organization was being contemplated to replace the League of Nations. The

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under Secretary-General Lie harboured American communists, leading to further pressure that the UN chief resign. The United States saw nascent opposition to the UN in the 1960s, particularly amongst conservatives, with groups such as the

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in 2013. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded the prize in 1954 and 1981, becoming one of only two recipients to win the prize twice. The UN as a whole was awarded the prize in 2001, sharing it with Annan. In 2007, the

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meeting calling for specific proposals for "the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction". The UN has been involved with arms-limitation treaties such as the

14491: 16603: 4182: 5131:(or LDCs), a ceiling rate of 0.01% is applied. In addition to the ceiling rates, the minimum amount assessed to any member nation (or "floor" rate) is set at 0.001% of the UN budget ($ 31,000 for the two-year budget 2021–2022). 16555: 16543: 16501: 14242: 722:

who is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. He began his first five-year term on 1 January 2017 and was re-elected on 8 June 2021. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states.

593:, which was adopted on 25 June 1945. The charter took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. The UN's objectives, as outlined by its charter, include maintaining international peace and security, protecting 10796: 1246:, the UN increasingly shifted its attention to its secondary goals of economic development and cultural exchange. By the 1970s, the UN budget for social and economic development was far greater than its peacekeeping budget. 16435: 16369: 5711:

to seek out inefficiencies within the UN system. During the 1990s, the United States withheld dues citing inefficiency and only started repayment on the condition that a major reforms initiative be introduced. In 1994, the

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stated in February 2003—referring to UN uncertainty towards Iraqi provocations under the Saddam Hussein regime—that "free nations will not allow the UN to fade into history as an ineffective, irrelevant debating society."

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over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with five members elected each year by the General Assembly on a

1611:, which calls for salaries that will attract and retain citizens of countries where compensation is highest, and which ensures equal pay for work of equal value regardless of the employee's nationality. In practice, the 14279: 5754:

UN committees to discuss important issues of the day. Today, MUN educates tens of thousands on the activities of the UN around the world. MUN has many famous and notable alumni, such as the former UN Secretary-General

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explained that "The Department of State desired that the United Nations prove utterly ineffective in whatever measures it undertook. The task was given to me, and I carried it forward with not inconsiderable success."

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Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these

16399: 1416: 16573: 16489: 9147: 6392: 3357:(or the IAEA), operate independently of the UN but maintain formal partnership agreements. The UN performs much of its humanitarian work through these institutions, such as preventing famine and malnutrition (the 16261: 16021: 5474:

and consistently denied membership in its reapplications. Critics allege that this position reflects a failure of the organization's development goals and guidelines, and it garnered renewed scrutiny during the

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Nations Day, American President Dwight D. Eisenhower expressed his view that, for all its flaws, "the United Nations represents man's best organized hope to substitute the conference table for the battlefield".

12399: 4088:. Additionally, many peacekeeping missions focus on disarmament: several operations in West Africa disarmed roughly 250,000 former combatants and secured tens of thousands of weapons and millions of munitions. 1482:

and fostering a global constituency. In an effort to enhance transparency, in 2016 the organization held its first public debate between candidates for secretary-general. On 1 January 2017, Portuguese diplomat

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voluntarily provided by member states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed "Blue Helmets" because they wear distinctive blue helmets. Peacekeeping forces as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.

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The United Nations is part of the broader UN System, which includes an extensive network of institutions and entities. Central to the organization are five principal organs established by the UN Charter: the

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received the prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."

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writes that "the United Nations never fulfilled the hopes of its founders, but it accomplished a great deal nevertheless", citing its role in decolonization and its many successful peacekeeping efforts.

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gathering data, conducting studies and advising and making recommendations to member states. Its work is carried out primarily by subsidiary bodies focused on a wide variety of topics. These include the

1615:, which governs the conditions of UN personnel, takes reference to the highest-paying national civil service. Staff salaries are subject to an internal tax that is administered by the UN organizations. 1450:

was held in 2000 to discuss the UN's role in the 21st century. The three-day meeting was the largest gathering of world leaders in history, and it culminated in the adoption by all member states of the

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Nault, Derrick M., 'Haile Selassie, the League of Nations, and Human Rights Diplomacy', Africa and the Shaping of International Human Rights (Oxford, 2020; online edn, Oxford Academic, 21 Jan. 2021),

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was late to be recognized by the United States as the government of France, and so the country was initially excluded from the conferences that created the new organization. Future French president

4274:(or UNICEF) was created in 1946 to aid European children after the Second World War and expanded its mission to provide aid around the world and to uphold the convention on the Rights of the Child. 10306: 4135:. In practice, the UN is unable to take significant action against human rights abuses without a Security Council resolution, though it does substantial work in investigating and reporting abuses. 4085: 2184:

The UN Secretariat carries out the day-to-day duties required to operate and maintain the UN system. It is composed of tens of thousands of international civil servants worldwide and headed by the

16597: 11442: 11258: 11215: 4039:. Regulation of armaments was included in the writing of the UN Charter in 1945 and was envisioned as a way of limiting the use of human and economic resources for their creation. The advent of 3805:

The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Chapter II, Article 4.

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regime in January 1991, the UN missed at least three opportunities to prevent major human tragedies. When the UN tried to provide humanitarian assistance, they were totally outperformed by

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The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states: five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and ten non-permanent members (currently

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The UN has carried out 71 peacekeeping operations since 1947, and as of April 2021, over 88,000 peacekeeping personnel from 121 nations have been deployed on missions. The largest is the

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Throughout the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union repeatedly accused the UN of favouring the other. In 1950, the Soviet Union boycotted the organization in protest to

16081: 14264: 16513: 16477: 16243: 16225: 13907: 7763: 5408:. Southern nations tend to favour a more empowered UN with a stronger General Assembly, allowing them a greater voice in world affairs, while Northern nations prefer an economically 2603:, which forms an integral part of the UN Charter, and non-members may also become parties. The ICJ's rulings are binding upon parties and, along with its advisory opinions, serve as 16231: 16183: 16027: 15168: 14563: 13569: 10793: 7980: 6726: 1593: 730:, although other evaluations of its effectiveness have been contentious. Some commentators believe the organization to be a leader in peace and human development, while others have 1427:

in 2009 concluded that the organization had suffered a "systemic failure". In 2010, the organization suffered the worst loss of life in its history, when 101 personnel died in the

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studied twenty years of data on peacekeeping missions, concluding that they were more effective at reducing civilian casualties than counterterrorism operations by nation states.

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by developing countries in the 1970s, the work of the G77 spread throughout the UN system. Similar groupings of developing states also operate in other UN agencies, such as the

10068: 8304: 4375:(or the WFP) provides food aid in response to famine, natural disasters, and armed conflict. The organization feeds an average of 90 million people in 80 nations per year. The 4154:. Jacques Fomerand, a scholar of the UN, describes the organization's mandate as "broad and vague", with only "meagre" resources to carry it out. In 2006, it was replaced by a 17118: 16051: 8013: 6964: 5723:— in which Iraq had been allowed to trade oil for basic needs to relieve the pressure of sanctions — had suffered from widespread corruption, including billions of dollars of 4328:(or WHO), which focuses on international health issues and disease eradication, is another of the UN's largest agencies. In 1980, the agency announced that the eradication of 4132: 8189: 16531: 16135: 12103: 11290: 5686:

school of international relations take a pessimistic position, arguing that the UN is not an effective organization because it is dominated and constrained by great powers.

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was the first and the only nation that attempted to withdraw its membership from the United Nations, in protest to the election of Malaysia as a non-permanent member of the

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cited the Act as proof that "the United States's complaints against the United Nations have intensified." The most recent iteration, as of 2022, is H.R.7806, introduced by

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but little consensus on how to do so. Some want the UN to play a greater or more effective role in world affairs, while others want its role reduced to humanitarian work.

4301:. The World Bank provides loans for international development, while the IMF promotes international economic co-operation and gives emergency loans to indebted countries. 3954: 1717: 12351: 9137: 5624:

enacted legislation to block the implementation of programs "originating in, or traceable to, the United Nations or a subsidiary entity of the United Nations," including

4405:(or the UNEP) in 1972, the UN has made environmental issues a prominent part of its agenda. A lack of success in the first two decades of UN work in this area led to the 16105: 14910: 14439: 13465: 13416: 11948: 4376: 1385: 1219:

under the leadership of Algeria, which briefly became a dominant power at the UN. On 10 November 1975, a bloc comprising the Soviet Union and Third World nations passed

807:, ratified by 42 nations in 1919, took effect. The League Council acted as an executive body directing the Assembly's business. It began with four permanent members—the 372: 16249: 14892: 14880: 14379: 14227: 488: 13434: 3346: 1097:, the division between the United States and the Soviet Union often paralysed the organization; generally allowing it to intervene only in conflicts distant from the 1066:

as the site for the headquarters of the UN. Construction began on 14 September 1948 and the facility was completed on 9 October 1952. The Norwegian Foreign Minister,

16465: 16033: 15391: 11033: 7949: 11708: 11594: 9311: 14965: 13951: 13887: 13840: 13604: 11322: 4185:. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, one of three bodies with a mandate to oversee issues related to indigenous peoples, held its first session in 2002. 1901: 16147: 16069: 15760: 15590: 14289: 14105: 12218: 7223: 2034: 1015: 586: 8266: 15530: 14956: 14588: 14274: 13399: 5514:

Ironically, the United States had simultaneously scrutinized the UN for employing communists and Soviet sympathizers, following a high-profile accusation that

1909: 1215:(also known as Taiwan). The vote was widely seen as a sign of waning American influence in the organization. Third World nations organized themselves into the 636:

and lightly armed troops charged with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles. UN membership grew significantly following the widespread

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Act of Creation: The Founding of the United Nations: A Story of Super Powers, Secret Agents, Wartime Allies and Enemies, and Their Quest for a Peaceful World

11786: 5933: 4392: 3772: 2080: 12313: 10703:"Fifth Committee Approves Assessment Scale for Regular, Peacekeeping Budgets, Texts on Common System, Pension Fund, as it Concludes Session (Press Release)" 6167: 1856: 16015: 15906: 14875: 14521: 14471: 14269: 13872: 13815: 13485: 11676: 11415: 6296: 5713: 5616:, who complained that the Council focused too much attention on Israel and not enough on countries such as Cuba, Venezuela, North Korea and Iran. American 5316: 4128: 4081: 10310: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14294: 14188: 13810: 11957: 10028: 6082: 2623: 784: 11438: 7017: 4297:(or the IMF) are independent, specialized agencies and observers within the UN framework. They were initially formed separately from the UN through the 15550: 14578: 14259: 14137: 13716: 13662: 13579: 13495: 13480: 11503: 5790:

Thant first approached Casals, who was a personal friend, looking to create a hymn to peace and hoping for the song to be based on the preamble of the

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assessments in response to pressure from the United States. As part of that revision, the regular budget ceiling was reduced from 25% to 22%. For the

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The International Court of Justice (or ICJ), sometimes known as the World Court, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. It is the successor to the

928:. It incorporated Soviet suggestions but included no role for France. One major change from the Atlantic Charter was the addition of a provision for 12188: 9788: 9456: 7852: 17005: 16393: 15991: 14132: 13912: 13404: 13370: 13291: 12473: 11962: 11897: 11055: 7793: 7276: 7193: 7068: 6821: 4174: 3712: 2088: 2014: 1991: 1843: 886: 357: 12277: 7391: 6226: 5483:. Support for Taiwan's inclusion is subject to pressure from the People's Republic of China, which regards the territories administered by Taiwan 3796:, which joined 14 July 2011, is the most recent addition, bringing a total of 193 UN member states. The UN Charter outlines the membership rules: 1548:

Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City, while the International Court of Justice is seated in

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at Geneva in 1936 went with no avail, including when calls for economic sanctions against Italy failed. Italy and other nations left the League.

14688: 14332: 14327: 14183: 13681: 11525: 6700: 5471: 4159: 2778: 2029: 2019: 1644: 1432: 1365: 1333:, the secretary-general from 1992 to 1996, initiated a reform of the Secretariat, somewhat reducing the size of the organisation. His successor, 1220: 12172: 11344: 9638: 6629: 2607:. The court is composed of 15 judges appointed to nine-year terms by the General Assembly. Every sitting judge must be from a different nation. 16129: 15954: 15750: 13956: 13862: 13353: 13282: 12058: 11113: 10956: 9228: 6775: 4437:

in 1960 with no votes against but abstentions from all major colonial powers. The UN works towards decolonization through groups including the

3512: 2803: 2189: 1869: 342: 6112: 885:; which defined goals for the post-war world. At the subsequent meeting of the Inter-Allied Council in London on 24 September 1941, the eight 17128: 15934: 15755: 15104: 15041: 15003: 14821: 14620: 14384: 13897: 13892: 13867: 13731: 13554: 13505: 13382: 13358: 10539: 10479: 9698: 8722: 7511: 5416: 5199: 3962: 3362: 2646:. ECOSOC may also grant consultative status to non-governmental organizations. as of April 2021 almost 5,600 organizations have this status. 2600: 1488: 1478:

In addition to addressing global challenges, the UN has sought to improve its accountability and democratic legitimacy by engaging more with

943:, emerged in the Declaration by the United Nations. On New Year's Day 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, the Soviet Union's former Foreign Minister 14020: 10979: 9062: 8920: 8613: 6599: 5315:

in 1969, the UN Peacekeeping Forces in 1988, the International Atomic Energy Agency (which reports to the UN) in 2005, and the UN-supported

3899:

in 1967, where it adopted the Charter of Algiers and established the basis for permanent institutional structures. With the adoption of the

1396:

despite failing to pass a UN Security Council resolution for authorization, prompting a new round of questioning of the UN's effectiveness.

14649: 14583: 14127: 13614: 11837: 9897: 8452: 8381: 7755: 6722: 4263: 3932: 1354: 994:

from 21 September to 7 October 1944. They agreed on proposals for the aims, structure and functioning of the new organization. It took the

857: 10850: 10808: 8808: 8003: 7972: 7682:

For quotation "worldwide ridicule", see Meisler, p. 293; for a description of UN missions in Somalia and Bosnia, see Meisler, pp. 312–329.

5682:

Beyond specific instances or areas of alleged ineffectiveness, some scholars debate the overall effectiveness of the UN. Adherents to the

5551:. In 1997, an amendment containing the bill received a floor vote, with 54 representatives voting in favor. The 2007 version of the bill ( 5518:, an American who had taken part in the establishment of the UN, had been a Soviet spy. American Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed that the 1994:, elected by the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 vice-presidents. The first session convened on 10 January 1946 in the 16195: 15583: 13941: 12251: 10106: 9485: 8244: 8193: 6986: 6476: 5115:, the UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination reports total expenses of $ 67.4 billion in 2022 for 43 United Nations entities. 5111:

The UN budget for 2024 was $ 3.59 billion, not including additional resources donated by members, such as peacekeeping forces. Including

1767:

administratively (for example, in the organization of conferences, the writing of reports and studies and the preparation of the budget);

1192: 1117: 808: 15522: 11617: 8494: 7733: 7110: 826:

After some limited successes and failures during the 1920s, the League proved ineffective in the 1930s, as it failed to act against the

652:. After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks. 17133: 16483: 15949: 15254: 14870: 14863: 14676: 14610: 14322: 14249: 14232: 13594: 13544: 13470: 13411: 13347: 9721: 8285: 7639: 7594: 5863: 5390: 4349: 4044: 3647: 3366: 2616: 2144: 2097: 1905: 1894: 1812: 1526: 1291: 664: 174: 12122: 9370: 8301: 5186:

and the World Food Programme, are financed by voluntary contributions from member governments, corporations, and private individuals.

3854:, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the Secretariat. 3819: 1756:(following their proposal by the UNSC); and the fifteen judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Each country has one vote. 16657: 15806: 15089: 14858: 13968: 13676: 13455: 13394: 10702: 10258: 5321: 4414: 4396: 4178: 4147: 3827: 3756: 2737: 309: 12055:"H.R.7806 - 117th Congress (2019-2020): American Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2022 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress" 7918: 6956: 5707:

Critics have also accused the UN of bureaucratic inefficiency, waste, and corruption. In 1976, the General Assembly established the

17000: 15740: 15142: 15099: 14682: 14516: 13803: 13741: 13701: 13589: 13253: 12782: 11143: 6022: 5580:

The UN's attention to Israel's treatment of Palestinians is considered excessive by a range of critics, including Israeli diplomat

3246: 2588: 773: 214: 12100: 11280: 10054: 6532: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16687: 16417: 15846: 15607: 15492: 14853: 13490: 13343: 13273: 10748: 10569: 10280: 8998: 6558: 6134: 6052: 5883: 5773: 5444: 5305: 3786: 3487: 2580: 2185: 2178: 2165: 1771: 1753: 1499: 1071: 834:

but Japan voted against it and walked out of the League instead of withdrawing from Manchuria. It also failed to act against the

715: 327: 10232: 6799: 1730: 1600:

from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the UN's impartiality with regard to host and member countries.

1168: 17020: 16093: 15576: 14915: 14122: 14045: 13902: 13877: 13322: 12349: 10880: 8407: 6555:"Without Global Cooperation Between Great And Small Alike, No Progress And No Peace Can Last Forever, Secretary-General States" 5997: 5397:, are often described as fundamentally undemocratic, contrary to the UN mission, and a main cause of inaction on genocides and 1967: 1612: 1377: 1342: 792: 4243:

were launched in 2015 to succeed the Millennium Development Goals. The SDGs have an associated financing framework called the

16630: 16429: 15466: 15109: 14729: 14632: 14598: 14501: 14481: 14412: 14200: 14171: 14149: 14040: 13973: 13761: 13706: 13013: 12976: 12933: 12909: 12878: 12854: 12832: 12813: 12792: 12764: 12740: 12706: 12687: 12663: 12644: 12623: 12601: 12333: 11919: 11761: 11655: 11252: 11209: 10989: 10950: 10513: 9761: 9668: 9400: 7145: 7044: 6868: 6660: 6593: 6470: 6402: 5937: 5878: 5420: 4143: 4116: 4108: 3950: 2949: 2639: 2635: 1389: 1160: 9814: 8167: 1364:

From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, international interventions authorized by the UN took a wider variety of forms. The

17025: 17015: 16423: 16345: 15984: 15828: 15799: 15416: 15259: 14553: 14176: 13946: 13532: 13517: 13500: 11988: 9999: 9430: 9258: 8849: 6264: 5687: 5544: 4388: 4251: 3865: 3567: 3400: 2050: 1987: 1180: 12558: 11563: 10625: 10132: 7941: 7466: 6904: 6506: 6369: 5928:

Some sources identify seventeen specialized agencies, taking into account the three specialized agencies that make up the

17010: 16863: 16853: 16189: 15540: 15189: 14644: 14639: 14063: 13931: 13793: 13696: 13619: 13559: 11698: 11586: 5649: 5605: 5405: 5308:, was awarded the prize in 1957 for his role in organizing the UN's first peacekeeping force to resolve the Suez Crisis. 4482: 4438: 4155: 3747: 3729: 2867: 1995: 1983: 1637: 1036:: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Soviet Union and China — and by a majority of the other 46 nations. 870: 869:

The first step towards the establishment of the United Nations was the Inter-Allied Conference in London that led to the

610: 305: 11312: 8563: 8190:"Jerusalem Court: No Immunity for UN Employee for Private Acts—Diplomatic/Consular Law and Sovereign Immunity in Israel" 6204: 16780: 16770: 16495: 16363: 16321: 16045: 15866: 15502: 15345: 15275: 14765: 14010: 13798: 13788: 13460: 13423: 10429: 7888: 5536:

In the United States, there were concerns about supposed threats to national sovereignty, most notably promoted by the

5213: 4077: 3354: 1821: 1538: 1321:, critics of the UN condemned the organization for perceived mismanagement and corruption. In 1984, American President 1270: 676: 645: 532: 192: 15568: 12210: 1014:

By 1 March 1945, 21 additional states had signed the Declaration by the United Nations. After months of planning, the

17148: 17076: 17030: 16707: 16279: 16171: 15557: 15421: 15411: 15386: 15315: 15280: 15239: 15208: 14814: 14750: 14434: 14166: 14035: 13766: 13746: 13686: 13671: 13083: 11372: 10651: 8260: 5941: 5868: 5683: 5617: 5312: 4410: 4267: 3733: 3592: 3447: 3287: 2826: 2696: 2575: 940: 804: 12503: 8663: 1047:

beginning in January 1946. Debates began at once, covering topical issues such as the presence of Russian troops in

16623: 16309: 16303: 16213: 16159: 15625: 15482: 15355: 15340: 15295: 14900: 14661: 13830: 12368: 12142:"UK helped Saudi Arabia get UN human rights role through 'secret deal' to exchange votes, leaked documents suggest" 11867: 7823: 5873: 5569: 4151: 4031:

A Nepalese soldier on a peacekeeping deployment providing security at a rice distribution site in Haiti during 2010

4012:

in the 1970s, and the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Similarly, UN inaction is blamed for failing to either prevent the

3900: 2196:

opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security", a phrase that secretaries-general since

2076: 2044: 2009: 1827: 1561: 633: 547: 12529: 11778: 9510: 8689: 6171: 4254:(or the UNDP), an organization for grant-based technical assistance, is one of the leading bodies in the field of 1010:

The UN in 1945: founding members in light blue, protectorates and territories of the founding members in dark blue

17071: 16930: 16387: 16333: 16315: 16087: 15977: 15406: 15335: 15330: 15203: 14830: 14417: 13835: 13820: 13389: 13365: 12310: 9289: 9173: 9036: 8891: 8532: 5966: 5334: 4409:

in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992; which sought to give new impetus to these efforts. In 1988, the UNEP and the

3861: 2631: 2063: 2024: 1962: 1803: 1660: 1557: 1553: 1522: 1518: 1350: 1033: 971: 731: 660: 656: 551: 543: 24: 11668: 11407: 10595: 10170: 16992: 16747: 15881: 15858: 15838: 15535: 15512: 15461: 15431: 15401: 15381: 15376: 15325: 15213: 14015: 13539: 13475: 13377: 12701:. Legal Aspects of International Organization. Vol. 50. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 10677: 10021: 6326: 4442: 3965:(or UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission. 3607: 2570: 2149: 1686: 1630: 1530: 1353:

faced worldwide ridicule for its indecisive and confused mission in the face of ethnic cleansing. In 1994, the

1141: 897:, unanimously adopted adherence to the common principles of policy set forth by Britain and the United States. 827: 668: 648:. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes vastly exceeded its spending on 559: 295: 163: 16549: 16381: 16075: 15507: 15456: 15451: 15441: 15436: 15426: 15396: 15360: 15350: 15305: 15244: 15234: 15229: 14848: 14709: 14627: 14548: 14506: 14466: 14394: 14075: 14000: 13985: 13314: 6074: 5791: 5779:, a Hymn to the United Nations was performed on the occasion of its 26th anniversary, on 24 October 1971, by 5728: 5629: 4240: 4065: 1472: 1028: 952: 921: 743: 708: 590: 400: 282: 179: 11487: 9114: 4356:, which also dedicates part of its resources to combating HIV, is the world's largest source of funding for 1704: 17143: 16692: 16459: 16411: 15871: 15699: 15446: 15320: 15310: 15290: 15285: 14807: 14615: 14476: 13246: 13098: 11317: 9860: 9084: 8972: 8115: 6926: 6286: 5888: 5496: 5404:

Jacques Fomerand state that the most enduring divide in views of the UN is "the North–South split" between

5378: 5367: 5227:

UN peacekeeping missions are assessed to be generally successful. A book looking at 47 peace operations by

5195: 4236: 4021: 4009: 3916: 2604: 2408: 1452: 1153: 939:", refers to the four major Allied countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and 9452: 4150:

was formed in 1993 to oversee human rights issues for the UN, following the recommendation of that year's

2762: 16873: 16453: 16375: 16123: 15876: 15487: 15300: 15249: 15153: 13691: 13510: 10395: 9784: 7845: 5480: 5460: 4294: 4069: 3928: 2908: 13850: 12469: 11952: 11889: 7785: 7268: 7201: 7076: 6829: 3056: 1471:

reaffirmed the UN's focus on promoting development, peacekeeping, human rights and global security. The

17081: 16890: 16667: 16447: 16267: 16255: 15969: 15886: 15822: 15745: 14486: 14449: 14444: 14030: 13778: 13450: 13338: 12990: 8744: 7395: 6234: 5767: 5519: 4433:

Since the UN's creation, over 80 colonies have attained independence. The General Assembly adopted the

4402: 4061: 3996: 3970: 3072: 2161: 1675: 1534: 1346: 1243: 1110: 998:

in February 1945, and further negotiations with the Soviet Union, before all the issues were resolved.

983:, the leader of the Soviet Union, met and discussed the idea of a post-war international organization. 835: 769: 520: 149: 15648: 12168: 11989:"Law's Migration: American Exceptionalism, Silent Dialogues, and Federalism's Multiple Ports of Entry" 9630: 6692: 2047:– a supervisory committee consisting of the assembly's president, vice-presidents, and committee heads 15891: 14219: 14205: 14093: 13736: 13641: 13624: 13295: 12111: 11109: 9199: 6621: 5853: 5620:

have proposed legislation to block various UN programs deemed to threaten U.S. sovereignty. In 2023,

4325: 4255: 4244: 3958: 3687: 3682: 3205: 1937: 1295: 1133: 991: 692: 574: 12054: 9222: 3349:. Each of these entities have their own area of work, governance structure, and budgets such as the 1774:—is elected by the General Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UN's foremost representative. 16883: 16297: 16141: 16111: 16000: 15921: 14920: 14905: 14511: 14496: 14081: 13065: 13061: 13045: 11244: 10543: 9690: 6104: 4453: 4277: 4005: 3992: 3789: 3350: 1743:

May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions to the Security Council (UNSC);

1337:, initiated further management reforms in the face of threats from the US to withhold its UN dues. 963: 11753: 11747: 10475: 8714: 8137: 8063: 2068: 1752:

Elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC; all members of the Economic and Social Council; the

1411:

in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and sent observers and chemical weapons inspectors to the

986:

The new international organisation was formulated and negotiated amongst the delegations from the

753: 17113: 17056: 16868: 16646: 16063: 15944: 14456: 13239: 12968: 10995: 10828:

Implementation of General Assembly resolutions 55/235 and 55/236: Report of the Secretary-General

9058: 8916: 8609: 8089: 7498: 6581: 5848: 5727:. An independent inquiry created by the UN found that many of its officials had been involved in 5652: 5641: 5398: 5128: 4259: 4146:

in 1989. With the end of the Cold War, the push for human rights action took on new impetus. The

3738: 2643: 987: 602: 11809: 10592:"A/Res/73/271: Scale of assessments for the apportionment of the expenses of the United Nations" 9893: 8448: 8377: 14936: 14543: 14005: 13726: 12997: 12956: 12438: 11984: 10854: 10805: 9478: 8800: 8241: 5720: 5612:. The UNHRC has likewise been accused of anti-Israel bias by Ex-President of the United States 5597: 5552: 5548: 5209: 4457: 3113: 1887: 1440: 1381: 1345:

was widely viewed as a failure after the United States' withdrawal following casualties in the

1102: 913: 846: 620:

The UN's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its initial decades due in part to

528: 222: 51: 12240: 11345:"'End Security Council veto' to halt Syria violence, UN human rights chief says amid deadlock" 10102: 6860: 6460: 1148:; however, the UN was unable to intervene against the Soviet Union's simultaneous invasion of 15705: 15114: 14770: 14742: 14734: 14531: 14429: 14142: 13584: 13305: 12965:

The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945

12754: 8486: 8282: 7729: 5708: 5692: 5366:, the chances of reaching any consensus had been slim, which is why the UN had stood idle as 5249: 5120: 3957:(or UNMOGIP), consists of 113 civilians and experts charged with monitoring the ceasefire in 2439: 2202: 1979: 1764: 1666: 1511: 1428: 1393: 1330: 1329:(or UNESCO) over allegations of mismanagement, followed by the United Kingdom and Singapore. 874: 788: 14573: 10741:"Regular budget and working capital fund - Committee on Contributions - UN General Assembly" 5671:. Sahnoun claims that between the start of the Somali civil war in 1988 and the fall of the 5503:. Three years later, the Soviets effectively forced the resignation of UN Secretary-General 5204: 1234:

With an increasing Third World presence and the failure of UN mediation in conflicts in the

711:

may be granted consultative status with the Economic and Social Council and other agencies.

17046: 16960: 16697: 15901: 14760: 14724: 14719: 14671: 14402: 13651: 13150: 12119: 11703: 10706: 9366: 8008: 5748: 5228: 4372: 4317: 4298: 3672: 3527: 3472: 3358: 3321: 3097: 2974: 2933: 1495: 1424: 1287: 696: 684: 14492:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

10254: 7439: 7422: 5716:(or the OIOS) was established by the General Assembly to serve as an efficiency watchdog. 5265: 4304: 3937: 1231:. The resolution was repealed on 16 December 1991, shortly after the end of the Cold War. 803:

never joined. On 10 January 1920, the League of Nations formally came into being when the

776:

were formed to ensure protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and strife.

581:, which was characterized as being ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 nations assembled in 8: 16970: 16965: 16828: 16291: 14799: 14461: 13184: 12864: 12699:

Admission to the United Nations: Charter Article 4 and the Rise of Universal Organization

11356: 10059: 9726: 7910: 7506: 5667:, a book in which he analyses the reasons for the failure of the 1992 UN intervention in 5556: 5232: 4357: 4183:

United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women

4013: 3978: 1597: 1467:. Progress towards these goals, which were to be met by 2015, was ultimately uneven. The 1121: 1101:. Two notable exceptions were a Security Council resolution on 7 July 1950 authorizing a 1024: 967: 632:

and their respective allies. Its mission has included the provision of primarily unarmed

524: 20: 15723: 15681: 13277: 13053: 12987:

No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins of the United Nations

12842: 11810:"The Master Conspiracy of the John Birch Society: From Communism to the New World Order" 11135: 7973:"U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres: My Vision for Revitalizing the United Nations" 6014: 2533: 2313: 2210: 2174: 2053:– responsible for determining the credentials of each member nation's UN representatives 1484: 1176: 1086: 719: 333: 16801: 15598: 14941: 14593: 12919: 12888: 12868: 12778: 12774: 12590: 12091: 12021: 12013: 11829: 10565: 6795: 6769: 6528: 5724: 5585: 5537: 5524: 5243: 4353: 4100: 4053: 3887: 3835: 3326: 2627: 2005:

Draft resolutions can be forwarded to the General Assembly by its six main committees:

1929:

Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates.

1307: 1137: 1048: 905: 894: 196: 13225: 10740: 10284: 9785:"U.N. sued for 'bringing cholera to Haiti,' causing an outbreak that killed thousands" 8994: 8325: 6554: 6142: 6044: 4456:

that bring awareness to issues of international interest or concern; examples include

4162:, and in 2011 it passed its first resolution recognizing the rights of members of the 17066: 16935: 16900: 16843: 16811: 16728: 15791: 15603: 15599: 14603: 14558: 14538: 14423: 14193: 14087: 14025: 13825: 13286: 13126: 13009: 13002: 12972: 12929: 12923: 12905: 12874: 12850: 12828: 12809: 12788: 12787:. Vol. 3: Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965. New York: Little Brown and Company. 12760: 12736: 12712: 12702: 12683: 12659: 12640: 12634: 12619: 12597: 12419: 12329: 12025: 11833: 11757: 11651: 11495: 11248: 11205: 11171: 10985: 10946: 10921: 10228: 8403: 7644: 7444: 7151: 7141: 7040: 6864: 6853: 6789: 6656: 6589: 6466: 6398: 6348: 5696: 5659:

In 1994, former special representative of the secretary-general of the UN to Somalia

5476: 5467: 5448: 5301: 5292: 4170: 4120: 4104: 3092: 2892: 2128: 1971: 1788: 1692: 1565: 1468: 1456: 1447: 1184: 976: 929: 878: 796: 761: 727: 641: 606: 578: 493: 348: 12169:"U.N. Watchdog Slams 'Scandalous' Choice of Saudi Arabia to Head Human Rights Panel" 10876: 8404:"General Assembly of the United Nations: Rules of Procedure: XII – Plenary Meetings" 5994: 1006: 640:

in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence, including 11

17086: 16955: 16878: 15916: 15124: 14159: 14099: 14069: 13751: 13445: 13200: 12728: 12450: 12411: 12005: 11996: 11860:"Roll Call 163 Roll Call 163, Bill Number: H. R. 1757, 105th Congress, 1st Session" 11821: 10911: 10517: 10064: 7434: 5929: 5811: 5564: 5479:, when Taiwan was denied membership into the World Health Organization despite its 5394: 4290: 4048: 4017: 3847: 3345:

The United Nations system includes a myriad of autonomous, separately administered

3166: 3154: 2920: 2749: 1919:

Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic and social matters;

1589: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1412: 1358: 1164: 1040: 995: 882: 688: 614: 598: 539: 247: 242: 232: 227: 113: 96: 66: 12120:"ADL: UN Human Rights Council Resolution Reveals 'Cancerous Bias' Against Israel." 11923: 9810: 9753: 9660: 9392: 9312:"The UN75 Declaration, Our Common Agenda and the development of international law" 9224:

A Moment of Possibility: The Rise and Fall of the New International Economic Order

8163: 3953:(or UNMISS), which has close to 19,200 uniformed personnel, and the smallest, the 2170: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16823: 13522: 13105: 12803: 12724: 12677: 12439:"The Re-Emergence of Conquest: International Law and the Legitimate Use of Force" 12355: 12317: 12196: 12176: 12155: 12146: 12126: 12107: 12086: 11376: 11351: 10812: 10800: 8845: 8308: 8289: 8270: 8248: 6653:

The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler

6001: 5825: 5660: 5589: 5456: 5358: 4361: 4341: 4313: 3138: 2851: 2808: 2084: 1974:, leader of the Soviet Union, addressing the UN General Assembly in December 1988 1581: 1460: 272: 258: 237: 81: 14784: 12616:

Soldiers of Diplomacy: The United Nations, Peacekeeping, and the New World Order

12029: 11439:"The European Union: The World's Biggest Sovereignty Experiment", CFR World 101" 10128: 9991: 9422: 9250: 6896: 6256: 5833: 5540:, which mounted a nationwide campaign in opposition to the UN during the 1960s. 3347:

funds, programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary bodies

1791:. Its fifteen judges are elected by the UN General Assembly for nine-year terms. 14988: 12960: 12611: 12551: 12454: 11720: 11555: 11285: 10617: 7462: 6688: 6498: 6361: 5958: 5613: 5428: 5345: 5156: 4600: 4446: 4422: 4418: 4282: 4040: 3230: 3015: 2874: 2262: 1311: 1199: 944: 936: 862: 839: 757: 672: 637: 15637: 12415: 11825: 11056:"Remarks to the Members of the United States Committee for United Nations Day" 10916: 10903: 4352:(or UNAIDS) coordinated the organization's response to the AIDS epidemic. The 4124: 1455:(or MDGs), a commitment to achieve international development in areas such as 1163:(or UNOC), the largest military force of its early decades, to bring order to 865:, an executive branch, and an international assembly of forty UN member states 17107: 15693: 15631: 14993: 13156: 12716: 12423: 11648:

The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History

11499: 10925: 10826: 10022:"Frequently Asked Questions: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" 8555: 7448: 6196: 5409: 5217: 5140: 4504: 4435:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

4073: 3987: 3632: 3627: 3619: 3614: 3547: 3499: 3494: 3467: 3459: 3454: 3432: 3412: 3407: 3312: 3174: 3161: 2969: 2915: 2638:, which co-ordinates information-gathering efforts between agencies, and the 2377: 1479: 1475:(or SDGs) were launched in 2015 to succeed the Millennium Development Goals. 1464: 1408: 1404: 1322: 1172: 1063: 1019: 980: 925: 800: 787:, advocated for a world body to guarantee peace. The winners of the war, the 625: 582: 535: 363: 267: 143: 15778: 10421: 8884:"Welcome to csonet.org | Website of the UN DESA NGO Branch. At your service" 7880: 7155: 5604:'s Faisal bin Hassan Trad was elected chair of an advisory committee in the 3872:

as a short-lived rival to the UN, Indonesia resumed its membership in 1966.

2152:. The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month. 1254: 1195:, which would become one of the UN's longest-running peacekeeping missions. 1089:

was a particularly active secretary-general from 1953 until he died in 1961.

16975: 16895: 16848: 15668: 15064: 14789: 14666: 14526: 13527: 12952: 12750: 10055:"U.N. Gay Rights Protection Resolution Passes, Hailed As 'Historic Moment'" 5962: 5839: 5601: 5593: 5440: 5353: 5297: 5257: 5235:

found that UN-led conflict resolution usually resulted in long-term peace.

5136: 4864: 4406: 3839: 3552: 2592: 2249: 2132: 2072: 1564:, and additional UN institutions are located throughout the world. The six 1373: 1129: 1094: 1056: 890: 649: 629: 594: 570: 563: 277: 207: 187: 16615: 15183: 13220: 12756:

The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations

11369: 10647: 8715:"International Court of Justice | Definition, Cases, Purpose, & Facts" 8659: 6499:"Inter-Allied Council Statement on the Principles of the Atlantic Charter" 4477:

Top 25 contributors to the United Nations budget for the period 2022–2024

4140:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

2642:, which co-ordinates efforts between UN agencies and NGOs working towards 1494:

On 13 June 2019, the UN signed a Strategic Partnership Framework with the

17061: 16940: 16920: 16833: 16818: 16733: 15717: 15059: 15031: 14755: 14569:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

12495: 6291: 5954: 5784: 5755: 5645: 5371: 5291:

A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the

5172: 4888: 4816: 4696: 4266:

by poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors. The

4086:

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission

4043:

came only weeks after the signing of the charter, resulting in the first

4036: 3904: 3881: 3851: 3793: 3294: 3253: 3212: 3120: 2956: 2833: 2515: 2502: 2214: 2140: 1883: 1400: 1299: 1239: 1235: 1216: 1204: 1145: 956: 948: 901: 861:

1943 sketch by Franklin Roosevelt of the UN original three branches: The

852: 780: 15999: 13004:

United Nations, Divided World: The UN's Roles in International Relations

12017: 11859: 8685: 7815: 7372: 5819: 5507:

by refusing to acknowledge his administration due to his support of the

5224:

interests of member states and in particular of the permanent members.

5123:(or GNI), with adjustments for external debt and low per capita income. 1936:

Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions that were former

1746:

Decides on the admission of new members, following proposal by the UNSC;

1082: 16945: 15711: 15675: 15026: 14946: 14656: 13721: 12525: 9514: 8528: 5780: 5736: 5732: 5695:

in the 21st century have led to debate on possible re-emergence of the

5672: 5515: 5508: 5504: 5419:, for different ways of electing the UN's secretary-general, and for a 3642: 3507: 3271: 3186: 2471: 2281: 2197: 2124: 1541:, suspended its operations on 1 November 1994 upon the independence of 1334: 1258: 1106: 1067: 917: 838:, after the appeal for international intervention by Ethiopian Emperor 764:

appealing Italy's invasion in 1936 which the League failed to intervene

10942:

Does Peacekeeping Work?: Shaping Belligerents' Choices After Civil War

10166: 9811:"Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly During its First Session" 9281: 9169: 9032: 8965:"What are UN specialized agencies, and how many are there? – Ask DAG!" 8883: 4425:

set legally binding emissions reduction targets for ratifying states.

4270:(or the FAO) promotes agricultural development and food security. The 4158:

consisting of 47 nations. Also in 2006, the General Assembly passed a

1043:, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council took place in 679:, although the Trusteeship Council has been suspended since 1994. The 17051: 16806: 12673: 12009: 11281:"UN failed to prevent 'ethnic slaughter in Sri Lanka' – Barack Obama" 10904:"Selective Attention: The United Security Council and Armed Conflict" 10591: 8942: 6318: 5805: 5625: 5621: 5581: 5484: 5032: 4744: 4461: 3891:

the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the

3857: 3307: 3266: 2721: 2596: 1549: 1179:, often named as one of the UN's most effective secretaries-general, 831: 680: 555: 12925:

A Lethal Obsession: Anti-Semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad

12278:"Inside the Tennessee legislature, where a GOP supermajority reigns" 10673: 8273:, Judgement 986, consideration 7, and Judgment 831, Consideration 1. 7730:"Syria: Chemical weapons team faces many dangers, says UN chief Ban" 4371:, the UN takes a leading role in coordinating emergency relief. The 2634:, which coordinates and promotes sustainable forest management, the 1265: 1109:, passed in the absence of the Soviet Union, and the signing of the 16858: 16796: 16775: 15896: 15069: 13646: 13634: 13209: 13205: 13064:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

11032:. Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations. Archived from 7402: 5898: 5609: 5559: 5363: 4329: 4285:

reading the news that smallpox has been globally eradicated in 1980

4188: 3974: 3831: 3810: 3667: 3225: 2928: 2757: 2546: 2136: 1990:, but emergency sessions can be summoned. The assembly is led by a 1318: 1303: 1211:

was given the Chinese seat on the Security Council in place of the

1098: 621: 15771:

Provisional Secretary-General prior to the election of Trygve Lie.

12596:. Contemporary World Issues. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 11240:

Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice

8004:"World Economic Forum and UN Sign Strategic Partnership Framework" 5182:

Special UN programmes not included in the regular budget, such as

4235:

ECOSOC. In 2000, the 192 UN member states agreed to achieve eight

4119:, drafted by a committee headed by American diplomat and activist 4035:

In addition to peacekeeping, the UN is also active in encouraging

3915:

The overarching strategy of the United Nations is captured in the

15687: 15049: 15011: 14564:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

13231: 13145: 10325: 10083: 9142: 9138:"What happened when Indonesia 'withdrew' from the United Nations" 9110: 5776: 5668: 5152: 5080: 5008: 4576: 4345: 3896: 3815: 3694: 3659: 3587: 3579: 3420: 3051: 3038: 2390: 2358: 2345: 2108: 2104: 1817:— For global economic and social affairs — 1594:

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations

1568:

of the UN, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are

1224: 1188: 1149: 378: 157: 8964: 8111: 7875: 7873: 7016:. Leiden, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 6529:"Press Conference On Franklin Delano Roosevelt Disability Award" 2991:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

1781:

Decides disputes between states that recognize its jurisdiction;

1327:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

16950: 16838: 15054: 14983: 14978: 13711: 13629: 13599: 13564: 13180: 12847:

Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements

12679:

Tower of Babble: How the United Nations Has Fueled Global Chaos

10794:

Contributions to UN Peacekeeping Operations by Country and Post

10428:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 10185: 8828: 8826: 8348: 8346: 7756:"UN failed during final days of Lankan ethnic war: Ban Ki-moon" 7324: 5893: 5859:

List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations

5500: 5183: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5056: 4984: 4960: 4936: 4840: 4792: 4768: 4672: 4624: 4309: 4271: 3886:

The Group of 77 (or the G77) at the UN is a loose coalition of

3869: 3707: 3442: 3427: 3299: 3258: 3217: 3084: 3043: 3010: 2997: 2990: 2961: 2887: 2879: 2838: 2744: 2326: 2294: 2112: 1569: 1326: 1228: 1212: 1125: 1052: 1044: 812: 704: 700: 13168: 10399: 4133:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

3907:(or the G-24), which operates in the IMF on monetary affairs. 979:

followed shortly afterwards at which Roosevelt, Churchill and

924:

was drafted on 29 December 1941, by Roosevelt, Churchill, and

655:

The UN comprises six principal operational organizations: the

16925: 16682: 16166:

Peoples’ Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War

15119: 15021: 15016: 14973: 13609: 11727: 11526:"Taiwan Challenges UN Exclusion on Sidelines of COP26 Summit" 11201:

Problem of Ethnicity: Role of United Nations in Kosovo Crisis

10618:"General Assembly approves $ 3.59 billion UN budget for 2024" 10444: 8164:"General Assembly of the United Nations – Rules of Procedure" 7870: 5278:

Reviewing the first 50 years of the UN's history, the author

5164: 5148: 5144: 4912: 4720: 4648: 4552: 4528: 4337: 3654: 3602: 3574: 3534: 3482: 3181: 3133: 3079: 3002: 2798: 2785: 2716: 2703: 2484: 2452: 2120: 2116: 1944: 1542: 1208: 820: 816: 12470:"Watchdog Organization Struggles to Decrease UN Bureaucracy" 10349: 10197: 9936: 8823: 8748: 8343: 7595:"Jean Gerard, 58, Reagan Envoy Who Led U.S. to Leave Unesco" 5412:

UN that focuses on transnational threats such as terrorism.

3955:

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan

1808:— For international security issues — 1403:, the UN intervened with peacekeepers in crises such as the 1223:, over strenuous American and Israeli opposition, declaring 908:. Roosevelt considered a founder of the UN, coined the term 16702: 13131:(in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian) 11920:"Rep. Paul Introduces American Sovereignty Restoration Act" 11370:"Amnesty calls on UN powers to lose veto on genocide votes" 10676:. UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. 2023. 10650:. UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. 2023. 10456: 10147: 9948: 9912: 9610: 9598: 8768: 8766: 7942:"Can U.N. regain trust with an experiment in transparency?" 6669: 6162: 6160: 5543:

Beginning in the 1990s, the same concern appeared with the

4377:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

4163: 3895:(or the UNCTAD). The group held its first major meeting in 3843: 3699: 3562: 3539: 3395: 3125: 2846: 2790: 2708: 2421: 1498:

in order to "jointly accelerate" the implementation of the

1436: 1369: 14829: 13190: 11618:"UN tours open to terror and thug states – but not Taiwan" 11078: 10337: 9841: 9829: 9479:"The UN's Role in Nation Building: From the Congo to Iraq" 9195: 9013: 8778: 7697: 7617: 7574: 7562: 7538: 7360: 7348: 7336: 7303: 7033:

The Study Commission on U.S. Policy Toward Southern Africa

5719:

In 2004, the UN faced accusations that its recently ended

16982: 13174: 13135: 12825:

Capital of the World: The Race to Host the United Nations

12400:"The Challenges to International Law in the 21st Century" 11408:"The urgent need for UNSC reform: A path to global peace" 11381: 10763: 10378: 10376: 8640: 8628: 7911:"Communicating to a global constituency: UN Day in Paris" 7263: 7261: 7113:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 6877: 6462:

The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen

5676: 4333: 4076:. Three UN bodies oversee arms proliferation issues: the 3522: 1680:— Administrative organ of the UN — 726:

The UN, its officers, and its agencies have won multiple

617:, nearly all of the world's recognized sovereign states. 452: 11745: 11388: 11313:"Obama's best seller refers to 'ethnic slaughter in SL'" 10361: 10209: 9972: 9924: 9552:"A U.N. Peacekeeping Mission Is Afghanistan's Best Hope" 8943:"The UN System, Chief Executives Board for Coordination" 8763: 8590: 8509: 8467: 8426: 8358: 7664: 7246: 7174: 7012:

Miller, Russell A.; Bratspies, Rebecca M., eds. (2008).

6157: 5372:

U.S. planes dropped napalm on the Vietnamese countryside

2273:

Served as acting secretary-general until Lie's election

2010:

First Committee (Disarmament and International Security)

830:

in 1933. Forty nations voted for Japan to withdraw from

13140: 11090: 11010: 9960: 9586: 8141: 8059: 7463:"Is China contributing to the United Nations' mission?" 6741: 5406:

richer Northern nations and developing Southern nations

5344:

In a sometimes-misquoted statement, American President

4413:(or the WMO), another UN organization, established the 3765: 2 eligible Non-Member States (Niue, Cook Islands) 2025:

Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization)

1998:

in London and comprised representatives of 51 nations.

1277: 887:

governments in exile of countries under Axis occupation

732:

criticized it for ineffectiveness, bias, and corruption

15821: 13136:

The United Nations Regional Information Centre (UNRIC)

13120: 10775: 10721: 10494: 10373: 9529: 8864: 8085: 7778: 7709: 7685: 7550: 7423:"How International Actors Help Enforce Domestic Deals" 7321:

See Meisler, p. 76; Kennedy, p. 60; Fasulo, pp. 17, 20

7291: 7258: 7091: 7052: 6957:"San Francisco – the birthplace of the United Nations" 6465:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 140–141. 3340: 2583:

from Serbia in 2008 did not violate international law.

1171:

by 11 May 1964. While travelling to meet rebel leader

853:

Declarations by the Allies of World War II (1941–1944)

542:

to the United States, and the UN has other offices in

17119:

Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty

11777:

Spangler, Jerry D.; Bernick, Bob Jr. (16 June 2003).

11749:

Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort

10103:"United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues" 9346: 9334: 8578: 8220: 8028: 7162: 6105:"'The League is Dead. Long Live the United Nations.'" 5934:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

5731:, and raised significant questions about the role of 5459:

alliance would help maintain world peace, preferring

4393:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

1281:

Marking of the UN's 70th anniversary – Budapest, 2015

538:, in international territory with certain privileges 459: 15907:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

14522:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

14472:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

12951: 11707:. Lincoln, Nebraska. 20 September 1964. p. 5F. 5801: 5317:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

5238:

Political scientists Hanne Fjelde, Lisa Hultman and

4129:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4082:

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

2020:

Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural)

1922:

Co-ordinates co-operation between the UN's numerous

873:

on 12 June 1941. By August 1941, American President

12209:Satija, Neena; McCrimmon, Ryan (26 February 2015). 11922:. US Fed News Service. 1 March 1997. Archived from 10831:. United Nations General Assembly. 28 December 2021 9574: 9251:"Group of 24 (G-24): Meaning, Benefits, Criticisms" 9135: 8487:"Current Members | United Nations Security Council" 8208: 8040: 6391:United Nations, Dept of Public Information (1986). 5377:Since its founding, there have been many calls for 4016:or complete the peacekeeping operations during the 3361:), protecting vulnerable and displaced people (the 2624:

United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

2591:and occupies the body's former headquarters in the 1116:On 29 November 1947, the General Assembly approved 783:, several major leaders, especially U.S. President 768:In the century prior to the UN's creation, several 14579:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 13001: 12589: 11864:Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives 11669:"Character Sketches: Trygve Lie by Brian Urquhart" 10705:. United Nations. 22 December 2006. Archived from 8709: 8707: 8192:. Diplomaticlaw.com. 23 March 2009. Archived from 8140:. United Nations Office at Nairobi. Archived from 7727: 7140:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 778. 6852: 6505:. Lillian Goldman Law Library. 24 September 1941. 6349:https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859628.003.0004 5547:, which has been introduced multiple times in the 4058:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 3893:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 3032:United Nations Industrial Development Organization 2656:List of specialized agencies of the United Nations 2626:, which advises UN agencies on issues relating to 1947:, the last trust territory, attained independence. 932:, which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted. 14715:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 13048:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 12735:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 12639:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 12369:"Is the United Nations an Effective Institution?" 11587:"The United Nations Needs to Treat Taiwan Fairly" 9783:Watson, Ivan; Vaccarello, Joe (10 October 2013). 8138:"Welcome to the United Nations Office at Nairobi" 8112:"Welcome to the United Nations Office at Vienna!" 7499:"Peacekeeping Operations Expenditures: 1947–2005" 6822:"Milestones 1941-1950: Dumbarton Oaks Conference" 6791:Video: Allies Study Post-War Security Etc. (1944) 6588:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 397. 4466:International Year of Deserts and Desertification 4445:", the largest and most populous of which is the 4369:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 2564: 1986:, the assembly gathers at annual sessions at the 1392:was overseen by NATO. In 2003, the United States 17105: 12996: 11385:, Dated 25 February 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 10901: 9782: 8747:. International Court of Justice. Archived from 5932:, which is now treated as one organization: the 5417:UN Security Council's membership to be increased 4189:Economic development and humanitarian assistance 4175:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women 16100:Mobilization for Sanctions Against South Africa 14689:World Federation of United Nations Associations 14184:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 12208: 12094:: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Can Be Resolved 11776: 11699:"Sponsor Shrugs at Criticism of U.N. TV Series" 8704: 8438: 7011: 6168:"UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State" 5389:Core features of the UN apparatus, such as the 5384: 2779:International Fund for Agricultural Development 2581:Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence 1433:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 1366:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 1249: 1183:. Months later he was posthumously awarded the 16688:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 15955:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 15751:Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations 12773: 12723: 12211:"Conservative Lawmakers Target United Nations" 11983: 11360:, Dated 4 October 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 10697: 10695: 10309:. The World Bank. 30 June 2003. Archived from 9722:"UN staff accused of raping children in Sudan" 8237: 8235: 7640:"Are UN reforms just reshuffling of the deck?" 6430:Tandon, Mahesh Prasad; Tandon, Rajesh (1989). 6390: 6170:. UN News Centre. 28 June 2006. Archived from 5783:, the lyrics to which were penned by the poet 5702: 4160:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People 2610: 2096:25. The decisions of the council are known as 2030:Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary) 1286:than tenfold. The UN negotiated an end to the 16631: 15985: 15807: 15783: 15756:Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations 15584: 15169: 14815: 13247: 12189:"Human Rights Council president wants reform" 12096:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. 10478:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 9691:"Aid workers in Liberia accused of sex abuse" 8911: 8909: 8443: 8441: 8326:"United Nations Charter, Chapter III: Organs" 6191: 6189: 6004:, United Nations. Retrieved 31 December 2021. 5761: 5691:assistance. The ineffectiveness of enforcing 5300:for his role in the organization's founding. 5200:Reform of the United Nations Security Council 3963:United Nations Truce Supervision Organization 1638: 1552:. Most other major agencies are based in the 1325:withdrew the United States' funding from the 799:was approved and started operations, but the 791:, met to decide on formal peace terms at the 714:The UN's chief administrative officer is the 120: 103: 72: 16514:Creative Economy for Sustainable Development 16058:Action to Combat Racism and Racial Prejudice 14584:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 11236: 9888: 9886: 9861:"Mano River Basin, 25 years of peacekeeping" 6429: 5455:(contraption), and was not convinced that a 5415:There have also been numerous calls for the 4417:, which assesses and reports on research on 4226:Develop a global partnership for development 4220:Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 3973:documented a decline in the number of wars, 3933:List of United Nations peacekeeping missions 3922: 3365:), and combating the HIV/AIDS pandemic (the 2040:As well as by the following two committees: 1607:All organizations in the UN system obey the 1604:programmes and funds and other UN entities. 916:. Churchill accepted it, noting its use by 87: 57: 16645: 13146:United Nations Documentation Research Guide 12900:Weiss, Thomas G.; Daws, Sam, eds. (2009) . 12863: 12241:"State of Tennessee Public Chapter No. 479" 11947: 10692: 9059:"Charter of the United Nations: Chapter II" 8232: 7762:. Press Trust of India. 25 September 2013. 6747: 4441:. The committee lists seventeen remaining " 4332:had been completed. In subsequent decades, 3373:Programmes and funds of the United Nations 2665:Specialized agencies of the United Nations 2098:United Nations Security Council resolutions 1545:; the last remaining UN trustee territory. 1361:amidst indecision in the Security Council. 1294:, and oversaw democratic elections in post- 1016:UN Conference on International Organization 16638: 16624: 16538:Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development 16262:Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition 15992: 15978: 15950:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 15814: 15800: 15591: 15577: 15176: 15162: 14822: 14808: 14677:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 14589:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 13254: 13240: 13224: 13125: 12893:Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History 8906: 7035:, University of California Press, p. 6774:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6319:"League of Nations and Manchuria invasion" 6186: 5864:List of multilateral free-trade agreements 5481:relatively effective response to the virus 5189: 4382: 4350:Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 4138:In 1979, the General Assembly adopted the 3648:United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2617:United Nations Economic and Social Council 2221:Secretaries-general of the United Nations 1645: 1631: 972:Four Power Declaration on General Security 173: 16703:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 13084:Learn how and when to remove this message 13008:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 12902:The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations 12899: 12841: 11556:"Why Taiwan has become a problem for WHO" 11488:"UN rejects Taiwan application for entry" 11472:(in French). No. 102. Archived from 10915: 10902:Lundgren, Magnus; Klamberg, Mark (2022). 10769: 9883: 7808: 7438: 6919: 6883: 6723:"1942: Declaration of The United Nations" 6579: 5451:criticized the UN, famously calling it a 5434: 4415:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4397:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4258:. The organization also publishes the UN 4211:Promote gender equality and empower women 4179:United Nations Development Fund for Women 4148:United Nations Commission on Human Rights 3820:the first and only country that attempted 2738:International Civil Aviation Organization 2015:Second Committee (Economic and Financial) 523:with the intended purpose of maintaining 19:"UN" redirects here. For other uses, see 17139:1945 establishments in the United States 17124:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes 14106:Conference on International Organization 13177:– independent policy authority on the UN 12918: 12887: 12784:The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill 12653: 12436: 12275: 12101:"Don't be lynch mob, lawyers urge U.N.." 11752:. New York: The Guilford Press. p. 11437:Union, The European (14 February 2023). 11394: 11084: 10450: 10367: 10355: 10331: 10281:"Factsheet – The IMF and the World Bank" 10215: 10203: 10089: 9978: 9954: 9930: 9453:"United Nations Peacekeeping Operations" 9220: 9025: 8832: 8772: 8596: 8352: 8001: 7970: 7420: 6687: 6675: 6261:International Committee of the Red Cross 5203: 4303: 4276: 4115:In 1948, the General Assembly adopted a 4099: 4026: 3986: 3936: 3809: 3737: 3247:World Intellectual Property Organization 2589:Permanent Court of International Justice 2574: 2209:years. The current secretary-general is 2169: 2067: 1966: 1276: 1264: 1253: 1159:On 14 July 1960, the UN established the 1081: 1005: 856: 774:International Committee of the Red Cross 752: 748: 16708:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 14021:Office international d'hygiène publique 12801: 12749: 11807: 11733: 11167:"Bush implores U.N. to show 'backbone'" 11096: 11016: 10514:"The United Nations and Decolonization" 10462: 10229:"About UNICEF: Who we are: Our History" 10153: 10052: 9966: 9942: 9918: 9616: 9604: 9592: 9535: 9513:. Human Security Centre. Archived from 9364: 9103: 8987: 8646: 8634: 7715: 7703: 7691: 7670: 7623: 7580: 7568: 7556: 7544: 7408: 7378: 7366: 7354: 7342: 7330: 7309: 7297: 7252: 7180: 7168: 7135: 6889: 6681: 5884:World Summit on the Information Society 5742: 5531: 5497:China's seat at the UN Security Council 5445:French Committee of National Liberation 5306:Secretary of State for External Affairs 4024:, which killed more than 8,000 people. 3488:United Nations Capital Development Fund 2649: 2166:Secretary-General of the United Nations 1500:2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 1302:Cambodia. In 1991, the UN authorized a 1077: 687:, funds, and programmes, including the 17106: 16592:Volunteers for Sustainable Development 16442:Solidarity with the Palestinian People 13816:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 12632: 12610: 12476:from the original on 20 September 2006 12404:Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 12366: 12311:"U.N. Resolutions Frequently Violated" 11779:"John Birch Society forges on in Utah" 11628:from the original on 14 September 2017 11597:from the original on 14 September 2017 11585:Lee, David Tawei (11 September 2017). 11463: 11164: 10977: 10938: 10853:. World Food Programme. Archived from 10781: 10727: 10674:"Financial Statistics: Total Expenses" 10500: 10398:. World Food Programme. Archived from 10382: 10343: 10191: 9847: 9835: 9546: 9544: 9352: 9340: 9170:"The Member States of the Group of 77" 9136:Gutierrez, Natashya (22 August 2016). 9019: 8870: 8795: 8793: 8784: 8584: 8515: 8473: 8432: 8364: 8226: 8214: 8166:. UN Department for General Assembly. 8046: 8034: 7634: 7632: 7469:from the original on 20 September 2016 7392:"A/RES/3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975" 6850: 6759: 6580:Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2014). 6535:from the original on 20 September 2022 6458: 5772:On the request of then United Nations 5212:to the UN—diploma in the lobby of the 4452:The UN also declares and co-ordinates 4428: 3995:was established in 1974 following the 1624:Principal organs of the United Nations 1613:International Civil Service Commission 849:, the League effectively closed down. 16:Intergovernmental self-regulatory body 16619: 15973: 15795: 15782: 15572: 15157: 14803: 14730:UN television film series (1964–1966) 14482:International Narcotics Control Board 14413:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 14201:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 14172:Convention on the Rights of the Child 14150:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 13235: 13157:Multilingualism at the United Nations 12873:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 12849:. Vol. 4. Taylor & Francis. 12822: 12805:United Nations: The First Fifty Years 12696: 12658:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 12564:from the original on 16 November 2020 12532:from the original on 16 November 2020 12467: 12397: 12367:Norley, Matthew John Ribeiro (2013). 12140:Osborne, Samuel (30 September 2015), 11941: 11900:from the original on 14 November 2022 11870:from the original on 14 November 2022 11615: 11445:from the original on 21 December 2023 11436: 11418:from the original on 21 December 2023 11261:from the original on 16 November 2020 11237:Normand, Roger; Zaidi, Sarah (2003). 11218:from the original on 16 November 2020 11197: 11165:Greene, David L. (14 February 2003). 11146:from the original on 23 November 2018 11116:from the original on 22 November 2013 10680:from the original on 31 December 2023 10654:from the original on 31 December 2023 10628:from the original on 23 February 2024 10482:from the original on 12 December 2013 10167:"The UN Millennium Development Goals" 10135:from the original on 13 November 2013 10071:from the original on 13 November 2013 10002:from the original on 26 December 2013 9641:from the original on 11 November 2013 9628: 9491:from the original on 16 December 2008 9445: 9316:International Review of the Red Cross 9261:from the original on 13 December 2023 9231:from the original on 13 December 2023 9202:from the original on 12 November 2013 8975:from the original on 16 November 2020 8894:from the original on 27 November 2016 8529:"Security Council Presidency in 2017" 8384:from the original on 16 November 2018 8170:from the original on 19 December 2010 8156: 7952:from the original on 25 November 2016 7921:from the original on 24 November 2016 7728:Smith-Spark, Laura (8 October 2013). 7652:from the original on 6 September 2015 7592: 7440:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-033504 7234:from the original on 22 November 2018 7136:Roberts, J. M. (John Morris) (1993). 7097: 6967:from the original on 29 December 2016 6479:from the original on 15 December 2020 6440:from the original on 16 November 2020 6436:. 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In 1964, Hammarskjöld's successor, 1167:, restoring it to the control of the 1161:United Nations Operation in the Congo 1059:served as interim secretary-general. 373:Economic and Social Council President 17129:Organizations based in New York City 14554:United Nations Postal Administration 14189:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 13908:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 13175:United Nations Association of the UK 13112: 13028: 13000:; Kingsbury, Benedict, eds. (1994). 12808:. 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Sexual Abuse Alleged in Congo" 9580: 9455:. United Nations. 29 February 2016. 9150:from the original on 1 November 2016 9117:from the original on 25 October 2017 9091:from the original on 25 October 2017 9065:from the original on 28 October 2017 9039:from the original on 28 October 2017 8935: 8923:from the original on 9 November 2017 8917:"United Nations Charter: Chapter IX" 8852:from the original on 31 October 2013 8811:from the original on 18 October 2021 8692:from the original on 17 October 2013 8616:from the original on 7 November 2017 8610:"United Nations Charter: Chapter XV" 8535:from the original on 12 October 2013 8455:from the original on 3 November 2017 8410:from the original on 13 January 2012 8118:from the original on 5 November 2013 8092:from the original on 30 October 2013 8066:from the original on 6 November 2017 7983:from the original on 12 January 2017 7971:Guterres, António (9 January 2017). 7939: 7891:from the original on 2 November 2017 7858:from the original on 9 November 2017 7796:from the original on 6 November 2017 7766:from the original on 30 October 2013 7736:from the original on 2 December 2013 7605:from the original on 21 January 2014 7279:from the original on 26 October 2017 7117:from the original on 3 December 2013 6993:from the original on 12 January 2017 6987:"1945: The San Francisco Conference" 6907:from the original on 4 February 2017 6802:from the original on 4 December 2014 6729:from the original on 8 November 2015 6650: 6299:from the original on 4 December 2018 6045:"Chapter I: Purposes and Principles" 5545:American Sovereignty Restoration Act 4401:Beginning with the formation of the 4389:United Nations Environment Programme 4312:, UNHCR remains responsible for the 4205:Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 3568:United Nations Environment Programme 3401:United Nations Development Programme 1978:The General Assembly is the primary 1399:Under the eighth secretary-general, 1107:North Korean invasion of South Korea 1093:Though the UN's primary mandate was 1027:in August 1944. The drafting of the 589:and initialised the drafting of the 16526:Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 16472:Periodic Table of Chemical Elements 16466:Sustainable Tourism for Development 13957:Permanent representatives to the UN 13846:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 11746:Matthew Lyons; Chip Berlet (2000). 11711:from the original on 4 January 2024 11584: 9894:"United Nations Charter: Chapter I" 9701:from the original on 3 October 2014 9661:"UN troops face child abuse claims" 9541: 9279: 8790: 8553: 8449:"United Nations Charter: Chapter V" 8114:. United Nations Office at Vienna. 8088:. United Nations Office at Geneva. 8016:from the original on 7 January 2023 7629: 6937:from the original on 7 January 2017 6586:The Roosevelts: An Intimate History 5650:US Ambassador to the United Nations 5352:In 2020, former American President 4223:Ensure environmental sustainability 4208:Achieve universal primary education 3792:are members of the United Nations. 3730:Member states of the United Nations 3341:Funds, programmes, and other bodies 2868:International Maritime Organization 2143:). The five permanent members hold 2057: 1956: 1943:Has been inactive since 1994, when 1882:Responsible for the maintenance of 1487:, who had previously served as the 900:Roosevelt and Churchill met at the 575:aim of preventing future world wars 122:Organización de las Naciones Unidas 58: 13: 16781:International relations since 1989 16771:Diplomatic history of World War II 16693:International Criminal Court (ICC) 15867:Bank for International Settlements 15095:Presidency of the Security Council 14766:Withdrawal from the United Nations 13952:Security Council Permanent members 13261: 13187:– independent think tank on the UN 12944: 12344:Book Review by Gail M. Gerhart in 12082:For Wistrich, see Wistrich, p. 487 11325:from the original on 12 March 2022 10034:from the original on 13 April 2013 9992:"UN creates new human rights body" 9871:from the original on 13 March 2022 9817:from the original on 12 March 2008 9562:from the original on 10 March 2022 9459:from the original on 23 March 2016 9433:from the original on 23 April 2021 9403:from the original on 10 March 2022 8801:"Economic and Social Council | UN" 8666:from the original on 15 April 2016 8566:from the original on 10 March 2022 8497:from the original on 22 March 2022 7517:from the original on 30 March 2017 7496: 7465:. 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At its founding, the UN had 51 16556:Dialogue as a Guarantee of Peace 16544:Sustainable Mountain Development 15741:Leaders of the League of Nations 15647: 15138: 15137: 14783: 13213: 13197:Works by or about United Nations 13033: 12895:. New York: Harper and Brothers. 12656:The A to Z of the United Nations 12544: 12518: 12488: 12461: 12430: 12391: 12360: 12338: 12322: 12300: 12288:from the original on 29 May 2023 12269: 12233: 12202: 12191:, SwissInfo, 29 September 2007. 12182: 12161: 12134: 12118:For Anti-Defamation League, see 12073: 12047: 11977: 11912: 11882: 11852: 11814:Western Journal of Communication 11801: 11770: 11739: 11691: 11661: 11640: 11609: 11578: 11566:from the original on 12 May 2020 11548: 11518: 11480: 11457: 11430: 11400: 11363: 11337: 11305: 11273: 11230: 11191: 11158: 11128: 11102: 11048: 11022: 10971: 10932: 10895: 10869: 10843: 10819: 10787: 10733: 10666: 10640: 10610: 10584: 10558: 10542:. United Nations. Archived from 10540:"non-self-governing territories" 10532: 10516:. United Nations. Archived from 10506: 10468: 10414: 10388: 10299: 10273: 10247: 10221: 10159: 10121: 10095: 10046: 10014: 9984: 9896:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 9853: 9803: 9776: 9746: 9713: 9683: 9653: 9622: 9511:"The Human Security Report 2005" 9503: 9471: 9415: 9385: 9358: 9304: 9273: 9243: 9221:Nicholls, Samuel Thomas (2019). 9214: 9188: 9176:from the original on 6 June 2012 9162: 9129: 9077: 9061:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 9051: 9001:from the original on 18 May 2019 8957: 8919:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 8876: 8838: 8737: 8678: 8652: 8612:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 8602: 8547: 8521: 8479: 8451:. United Nations. 17 June 2015. 8396: 8370: 8318: 8295: 8060:"United Nations Visitors Centre" 7826:from the original on 7 July 2007 5947: 5922: 5874:United Nations Memorial Cemetery 5832: 5818: 5804: 5635: 5368:Soviet tanks rolled into Hungary 5073: 5049: 5025: 5001: 4977: 4953: 4929: 4905: 4881: 4857: 4833: 4809: 4785: 4761: 4737: 4713: 4689: 4665: 4641: 4617: 4593: 4569: 4545: 4521: 4497: 4169:Other UN bodies responsible for 4152:World Conference on Human Rights 3941:United Nations Peacekeeping Logo 3901:New International Economic Order 3706: 3693: 3666: 3653: 3626: 3613: 3586: 3573: 3546: 3533: 3506: 3493: 3466: 3453: 3426: 3419: 3406: 3320: 3306: 3293: 3265: 3252: 3224: 3211: 3180: 3173: 3160: 3132: 3119: 3091: 3078: 3050: 3037: 3009: 2996: 2968: 2955: 2927: 2914: 2886: 2873: 2845: 2832: 2797: 2784: 2756: 2743: 2715: 2702: 2539: 2508: 2477: 2445: 2414: 2383: 2351: 2319: 2287: 2255: 1868: 1855: 1842: 1729: 1716: 1703: 1655: 1355:UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda 1169:Democratic Republic of the Congo 871:Declaration of St James's Palace 519:) is a diplomatic and political 486: 156: 142: 17072:International political economy 14339:International Court of Justice 13888:Sport for Development and Peace 12733:FDR and the Creation of the U.N 12618:. 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A sixth principal organ, the 1390:invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 1292:peacekeeping mission in Namibia 1269:Flags of member nations at the 1193:UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus 644:that had been monitored by the 25:United Nations (disambiguation) 16436:Small Island Developing States 15882:International Seabed Authority 15105:Reform of the Security Council 14016:Permanent Court of Arbitration 14011:International Peace Conference 13378:International Court of Justice 13193:– NGO monitoring UN activities 13108:at the United Nations Archives 12963:; Zaum, Dominik, eds. (2008). 12845:(2004). Mango, Anthony (ed.). 12592:Genocide: A Reference Handbook 11204:. Unistar Books. p. 150. 10984:. Cambridge University Press. 10945:. Princeton University Press. 10939:Fortna, Virginia Page (2008). 9033:"United Nations Member States" 7487:Fasulo, p. 43; Meisler, p. 334 6287:"League of Nations instituted" 6219: 6127: 6097: 6067: 6037: 6007: 5988: 5139:budget for 2023–2024 are: the 5113:specialized agencies of the UN 4443:non-self-governing territories 4439:UN Committee on Decolonization 4281:Three former directors of the 4272:United Nations Children's Fund 3875: 3773:non-self-governing territories 3608:United Nations Population Fund 3448:United Nations Children's Fund 2571:International Court of Justice 2565:International Court of Justice 1813:UN Economic and Social Council 1687:International Court of Justice 1596:, the UN and its agencies are 1531:International Court of Justice 1062:The General Assembly selected 828:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 709:non-governmental organizations 669:International Court of Justice 560:International Court of Justice 296:Intergovernmental organization 105:Организация Объединённых Наций 89:Organisation des Nations unies 1: 14849:Charter of the United Nations 14549:Sustainable Development Goals 14076:Declaration by United Nations 14001:International Telegraph Union 12827:. New York University Press. 11953:"Showdown at the U.N. corral" 11466:"Naissance des Nations Unies" 10283:. 3 June 2004. Archived from 9720:Holt, Kate (4 January 2007). 7940:Falk, Pamela (13 July 2016). 7917:. United Nations University. 7593:Lewis, Paul (6 August 1996). 7014:Progress in International Law 6855:Witness to History, 1929–1969 6762:Witness to History, 1929–1969 6655:. Oup USA. pp. 172–175. 6257:"Red Cross-History-Objective" 5976: 5792:Charter of the United Nations 5362:noted, "In the middle of the 4241:Sustainable Development Goals 4197:Millennium Development Goals 4066:Biological Weapons Convention 3910: 3723: 2463:Served for the shortest time 1473:Sustainable Development Goals 1386:British military intervention 1029:Charter of the United Nations 953:Declaration by United Nations 922:Declaration by United Nations 744:History of the United Nations 569:The UN was established after 180:Members of the United Nations 17040:Related fields and subfields 16274:Sport and Physical Education 16220:Dialogue among Civilizations 15872:International Criminal Court 15761:UN Secretary General memoirs 15100:Chapter VI of the UN Charter 14477:International Criminal Court 13913:UN organizations by location 12636:An Insider's Guide to the UN 12248:Tennessee Secretary of State 12079:* For Gold, see Gold, p. 20 12057:. govtrack.us. 17 May 2022. 11808:Stewart, Charles J. (2002). 11616:Moody, John (14 July 2017). 11318:The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) 11136:"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007" 10566:"United Nations Observances" 9367:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1988" 8995:"Structure and Organization" 8686:"Former Secretaries-General" 8302:Americans Working at the U.N 7411:, pp. 167–168, 224–225. 6859:. New York: Norton. p. 6459:Lauren, Paul Gordon (2011). 6075:"International Organization" 5981: 5889:Spying on the United Nations 5470:, also known as Taiwan, has 5385:Representation and structure 5328: 5196:Reform of the United Nations 4237:Millennium Development Goals 4022:2010s Haiti cholera outbreak 3917:United Nations Common Agenda 3822:to leave the United Nations. 2605:sources of international law 1505: 1453:Millennium Development Goals 1439:countries intervened in the 1250:Post-Cold War (1991–present) 1132:, a UN official, negotiated 1124:, approving the creation of 195:, Manhattan, New York City ( 7: 16586:Rangelands and Pastoralists 16502:Elimination of Child Labour 16286:Deserts and Desertification 16208:Mobilization against Racism 16154:Sport and the Olympic Ideal 16022:Health and Medical Research 15877:International Monetary Fund 15823:International organizations 14911:Counter-Terrorism Committee 14611:Security Council veto power 13918:Sexual Violence in Conflict 13841:Economic and Social Affairs 13412:Economic and Social Council 13212:(public domain audiobooks) 13171:of UN discussions and votes 12904:. Oxford University Press. 10978:Howard, Lise Morjé (2019). 10879:. UNICEF. 21 January 2013. 10806:United Nations Peacekeeping 9865:United Nations Peacekeeping 9427:United Nations Peacekeeping 9397:United Nations Peacekeeping 7846:"2005 World Summit Outcome" 6201:United Nations Peacekeeping 6079:National Geographic Society 5797: 5703:Inefficiency and corruption 5608:, a move criticized by the 4295:International Monetary Fund 4070:Chemical Weapons Convention 4006:Bangladesh genocide in 1971 3961:. UN peacekeepers with the 3929:United Nations peacekeeping 3826:In addition, there are two 2909:International Monetary Fund 2611:Economic and Social Council 2079:, demonstrates a vial with 1982:of the UN. Composed of all 1527:Economic and Social Council 1357:failed to intervene in the 1271:United Nations Headquarters 1144:was established to end the 1142:first UN peacekeeping force 893:and representatives of the 877:and British Prime Minister 770:international organizations 665:Economic and Social Council 10: 17165: 17082:Peace and conflict studies 16698:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 16400:Sustainable Energy for All 15887:World Customs Organization 15746:United Nations Secretariat 15536:German Democratic Republic 15286:People's Republic of China 14662:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 14487:International Day of Peace 13969:General Assembly Observers 13292:General Assembly President 12991:Princeton University Press 12928:. New York: Random House. 12759:. New York: Random House. 12654:Fomerand, Jacques (2009). 12455:10.1007/s10991-020-09250-3 12437:Mulligan, Michael (2020). 10255:"About UNICEF: Who We Are" 7421:Matanock, Aila M. (2020). 7194:"UN Milestones Korean War" 5961:over the territory of the 5768:Hymn to the United Nations 5765: 5762:Hymn to the United Nations 5746: 5332: 5193: 4471: 4403:UN Environmental Programme 4386: 4062:Seabed Arms Control Treaty 3997:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3926: 3879: 3848:states in free association 3828:non-member observer states 3727: 3073:World Tourism Organization 2653: 2614: 2568: 2213:of Portugal, who replaced 2162:United Nations Secretariat 2159: 2091:hearings, 5 February 2003. 2061: 1960: 1938:League of Nations mandates 1509: 1209:People's Republic of China 1140:. On 7 November 1956, the 1111:Korean Armistice Agreement 1039:The first meetings of the 947:, and the Chinese Premier 836:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 741: 737: 521:international organization 358:General Assembly President 18: 17039: 16991: 16789: 16746: 16721: 16675: 16666: 16653: 16394:People of African Descent 16370:Rapprochement of Cultures 16148:World's Indigenous People 16011: 15930: 15892:Inter-Parliamentary Union 15856: 15837: 15789: 15784:Links to related articles 15769: 15733: 15656: 15645: 15614: 15521: 15475: 15369: 15268: 15222: 15196: 15133: 15082: 15040: 15002: 14964: 14955: 14929: 14891: 14841: 14779: 14702: 14393: 14315: 14218: 14206:World Heritage Convention 14115: 14094:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 14056: 13993: 13984: 13930: 13804:General Assembly Building 13777: 13660: 13432: 13331: 13313: 13304: 13269: 13162: 13141:United Nations Volunteers 12802:Meisler, Stanley (1995). 12697:Grant, Thomas D. (2009). 12682:. New York: Crown Forum. 12416:10.1017/S0272503700102435 12373:E-International Relations 12106:10 September 2012 at the 11826:10.1080/10570310209374748 11650:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 504–506. 11030:"France's role at the UN" 10917:10.1017/S0007123422000461 10307:"About Us–United Nations" 7786:"UN Milestones 2001–2010" 7269:"UN Milestones 1951–1960" 6693:"Looking for the Sheriff" 6394:Everyone's United Nations 5854:List of country groupings 5588:, American legal scholar 5472:been excluded from the UN 5421:UN Parliamentary Assembly 5286: 5129:least developed countries 5095: 5071: 5047: 5023: 4999: 4975: 4951: 4927: 4903: 4879: 4855: 4831: 4807: 4783: 4759: 4735: 4711: 4687: 4663: 4639: 4615: 4591: 4567: 4543: 4519: 4495: 4486: 4481: 4454:international observances 4326:World Health Organization 4256:international development 4245:Addis Ababa Action Agenda 4195: 3923:Peacekeeping and security 3688:United Nations Volunteers 3206:World Health Organization 2188:, who is assisted by the 1797: 1682: 1671: 992:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 935:Roosevelt's idea of the " 904:in December 1941 for the 693:World Health Organization 613:; as of 2024, it has 193 468: 445: 441: 421: 397: 393: 388: 384: 369: 354: 339: 324: 320: 315: 301: 291: 256: 213: 203: 186: 172: 138: 121: 112: 104: 95: 88: 80: 73: 65: 50: 34: 17149:Sakharov Prize laureates 16130:Shelter for the Homeless 15922:World Trade Organization 14921:Military Staff Committee 14906:Peacebuilding Commission 14512:Military Staff Committee 13851:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 13354:Deputy Secretary-General 13283:Deputy Secretary-General 13151:Official YouTube channel 12823:Mires, Charlene (2013). 12528:. WiseMee. 9 July 2019. 12328:USIP Press Books, 1994, 12154:3 September 2017 at the 11890:"H.Amdt.138 to H.R.1757" 11245:Indiana University Press 11110:"All Nobel Peace Prizes" 10877:"Overall funding trends" 10799:24 February 2024 at the 10334:, pp. 175, 191–192. 10194:, pp. 169–170, 172. 10092:, pp. 57, 194, 341. 8283:The Noblemaire principle 8251:, United Nations website 8062:. United Nations. 2017. 7333:, pp. 127–128, 134. 6764:. New York. p. 159. 6697:New York Review of Books 6433:Public International Law 5905: 5592:, Australian politician 4262:, a comparative measure 4252:UN Development Programme 3993:UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus 3814:Under the leadership of 3351:World Trade Organization 2190:deputy secretary-general 1290:, launched a successful 1154:the country's revolution 1070:, was the first elected 683:includes a multitude of 562:is headquartered at the 343:Deputy Secretary-General 193:760 United Nations Plaza 17057:Foreign policy analysis 16869:International community 16647:International relations 15945:Commonwealth of Nations 15700:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 14683:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 14645:UN International School 14640:UN Federal Credit Union 14621:Security Council reform 14457:Four Nations Initiative 14385:Security Council (2016) 14228:Security Council vetoes 13359:Under-Secretary-General 13206:Works by United Nations 13104:31 October 2020 at the 12969:Oxford University Press 12865:Schlesinger, Stephen C. 12472:. Global Policy Forum. 12125:2 November 2012 at the 11464:Gerbet, Pierre (1995). 11350:28 January 2020 at the 10851:"Where Your Money Goes" 9111:"Repertory of Practice" 8805:Encyclopedia Britannica 8719:Encyclopedia Britannica 6961:San Francisco Chronicle 6362:"Why the League failed" 5849:International relations 5653:Daniel Patrick Moynihan 5642:international relations 5606:UN Human Rights Council 5575: 5461:direct defence treaties 5399:crimes against humanity 5339: 5190:Assessments and reviews 4383:Environment and climate 4299:Bretton Woods Agreement 4260:Human Development Index 4217:Improve maternal health 2644:sustainable development 2409:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 2035:Sixth Committee (Legal) 1376:beginning in 1999. The 603:sustainable development 16574:Glaciers' Preservation 16178:Eradication of Poverty 15110:Security Council mural 14937:United Nations Command 14633:Security Council mural 14599:Millennium Declaration 14544:SDG Publishers Compact 14006:Universal Postal Union 12985:Mazower, Mark (2009). 12633:Fasulo, Linda (2004). 12195:11 August 2011 at the 11441:. The European Union. 11198:Singh, Jasvir (2008). 10648:"Financial Statistics" 8269:14 August 2014 at the 7069:"Milestones 1941-1950" 6049:United Nations Charter 5721:Oil-for-Food Programme 5598:Anti-Defamation League 5549:United States Congress 5485:as their own territory 5435:Exclusion of countries 5220: 5210:2001 Nobel Peace Prize 4458:World Tuberculosis Day 4321: 4286: 4214:Reduce child mortality 4112: 4032: 4000: 3942: 3823: 3808: 3782: 3114:Universal Postal Union 2597:The Hague, Netherlands 2584: 2181: 2092: 1996:Methodist Central Hall 1975: 1902:five permanent members 1895:compulsory resolutions 1822:UN Trusteeship Council 1784:Issues legal opinions; 1592:. On the basis of the 1441:First Libyan Civil War 1384:was supplemented by a 1382:Sierra Leone Civil War 1298:South Africa and post- 1282: 1274: 1262: 1090: 1051:and British forces in 1011: 866: 793:Paris Peace Conference 765: 16508:Fruits and Vegetables 16490:Nurse and the Midwife 16340:Human Rights Learning 15706:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 15115:Arria formula meeting 14771:Women in peacekeeping 14430:Drug control treaties 12843:Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan 12588:Ball, Howard (2011). 12316:17 March 2022 at the 11736:, pp. 72–73, 82. 11591:The National Interest 10981:Power in Peacekeeping 10770:Weiss & Daws 2009 9556:World Politics Review 8660:"Appointment Process" 8307:22 April 2017 at the 6851:Bohlen, C.E. (1973). 6760:Bohlen, C.E. (1973). 6263:. 11 September 2017. 5709:Joint Inspection Unit 5693:territorial integrity 5600:. In September 2015, 5250:Georgetown University 5207: 5121:gross national income 4387:Further information: 4307: 4280: 4103: 4030: 3990: 3971:Human Security Report 3940: 3813: 3798: 3759:(Palestine, Holy See) 3741: 3353:(or the WTO) and the 2578: 2440:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 2173: 2077:US Secretary of State 2071: 2051:Credentials Committee 1988:General Assembly Hall 1980:deliberative assembly 1970: 1900:Has fifteen members: 1667:Deliberative assembly 1512:United Nations System 1343:UN mission in Somalia 1331:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 1306:that repulsed Iraq's 1280: 1268: 1257: 1181:died in a plane crash 1175:during the conflict, 1085: 1009: 860: 847:war broke out in 1939 756: 749:Background (pre-1941) 17047:Comparative politics 16484:Indigenous Languages 16106:World Communications 15902:New Development Bank 14725:United Nations Radio 14720:United Nations Medal 14672:University for Peace 14403:Bretton Woods system 14138:governed territories 13883:Developing Countries 13794:Secretariat Building 13663:Specialized agencies 13054:improve this article 12502:. 7 September 2005. 12443:Liverpool Law Review 12354:2 April 2015 at the 12175:4 March 2016 at the 12085:For Dershowitz, see 11675:. 13 February 2019. 11414:. 15 December 2023. 11375:6 March 2020 at the 11321:. 29 November 2020. 11289:. 22 November 2020. 10811:30 June 2019 at the 10803:(as of 30/11/2023), 10624:. 24 December 2023. 10453:, pp. 348, 398. 10129:"We Can End Poverty" 9945:, pp. 185, 188. 9667:. 30 November 2006. 9484:. RAND Corporation. 9318:. 15 November 2022. 8380:. 18 November 2014. 8263:Noblemaire principle 8009:World Economic Forum 7230:. 29 November 2011. 7224:"Creation of Israel" 7138:History of the world 6651:Roll, David (2013). 6582:"Nothing to Conceal" 6081:. 23 December 2012. 6000:13 July 2021 at the 5749:Model United Nations 5743:Model United Nations 5532:National sovereignty 5229:Virginia Page Fortna 5096:Other member states 4373:World Food Programme 4318:Zaatari refugee camp 4156:Human Rights Council 3673:Maimunah Mohd Sharif 3528:World Food Programme 3473:Catherine M. Russell 3359:World Food Programme 3098:Zurab Pololikashvili 2975:Doreen Bogdan-Martin 2934:Kristalina Georgieva 2650:Specialized agencies 1924:specialized agencies 1787:Renders judgment by 1772:UN Secretary-General 1770:Its chairperson—the 1754:UN Secretary-General 1609:Noblemaire principle 1554:UN offices at Geneva 1496:World Economic Forum 1425:Sri Lankan Civil War 1351:UN mission to Bosnia 1288:Salvadoran Civil War 1078:Cold War (1947–1991) 1072:UN secretary-general 889:, together with the 697:World Food Programme 685:specialized agencies 577:, and succeeded the 463:(Permanent Missions) 427:24 October 1945 17144:Peace organizations 16829:Collective security 16713:United Nations (UN) 16001:International years 15931:Cultural IGOs 15600:Secretaries-General 15255:Trinidad and Tobago 14497:International Years 14462:Genocide Convention 13898:Outer Space Affairs 13893:Disarmament Affairs 13858:Safety and Security 13799:Conference Building 13779:Secretariat offices 13424:Trusteeship Council 13185:Global Policy Forum 13066:footnote references 12920:Wistrich, Robert S. 12889:Sherwood, Robert E. 12775:Manchester, William 12348:, March/April 1995 12035:on 14 December 2011 11646:Husen, Van (2010). 11532:. 6 November 2021. 11357:The Daily Telegraph 10857:on 12 November 2013 10546:on 27 February 2014 10465:, pp. 160–162. 10402:on 13 November 2013 10358:, pp. 199–200. 10346:, pp. 176–177. 10206:, pp. 341–342. 10156:, pp. 143–144. 10060:The Huffington Post 9921:, pp. 178–182. 9850:, pp. 189–190. 9838:, pp. 188–189. 9727:The Daily Telegraph 9635:The Washington Post 9619:, pp. 294–311. 9607:, pp. 102–105. 9282:"Our Common Agenda" 9085:"Non-member States" 9022:, pp. 171–177. 8835:, pp. 103–104. 8787:, pp. 100–101. 8751:on 9 September 2018 8355:, pp. 131–133. 8315:, 28 September 2009 8288:17 May 2017 at the 8247:3 July 2015 at the 8144:on 25 February 2011 7822:. 7 December 2000. 7706:, pp. 110–111. 7648:. 16 January 1998. 7626:, pp. 285–286. 7583:, pp. 234–237. 7571:, pp. 226–227. 7547:, pp. 264–277. 7535:Meisler, pp. 252–56 7507:Global Policy Forum 7398:on 6 December 2012. 7369:, pp. 208–210. 7357:, pp. 195–197. 7345:, pp. 156–157. 7312:, pp. 115–134. 6678:, pp. 447–453. 6628:. 3 February 2007. 6237:on 22 November 2018 6145:on 22 November 2018 5965:. For details, see 5557:U.S. Representative 5463:between countries. 5233:Columbia University 4478: 4429:Other global issues 4421:. The UN-sponsored 4358:reproductive health 4173:issues include the 4014:Srebrenica massacre 3979:human rights abuses 3374: 3316:(secretary-general) 2763:Juan Carlos Salazar 2666: 2579:The ICJ ruled that 2222: 1884:international peace 1804:UN Security Council 1763:Supports the other 1661:UN General Assembly 1539:Trusteeship Council 1431:. Acting under the 1347:Battle of Mogadishu 1198:With the spread of 1128:. Two years later, 1055:. British diplomat 1025:liberation of Paris 996:conference at Yalta 968:Moscow Declarations 677:Trusteeship Council 646:Trusteeship Council 525:international peace 429: (78 years ago) 409: (79 years ago) 59:منظمة الأمم المتحدة 21:UN (disambiguation) 16003:proclaimed by the 14942:Unified Task Force 14517:Official languages 14064:London Declaration 13873:Internal Oversight 13863:Palestinian Rights 13435:Funds, programmes, 13223:on Nobelprize.org 13169:Searchable archive 12092:The Case for Peace 11929:on 5 November 2012 11492:The New York Times 11343:Oliphant, Roland. 11036:on 2 December 2013 10709:on 9 December 2013 10568:. United Nations. 10520:on 23 October 2013 10169:. United Nations. 10131:. United Nations. 10105:. United Nations. 10027:. United Nations. 9957:, pp. 70, 73. 9813:. United Nations. 9695:The New York Times 9393:"Where we operate" 9113:. United Nations. 9035:. United Nations. 8688:. United Nations. 8531:. United Nations. 8406:. United Nations. 8313:The New York Times 7851:. United Nations. 7792:. 21 August 2015. 7204:on 3 November 2018 7079:on 27 October 2017 6989:. United Nations. 6832:on 3 November 2018 6796:Universal Newsreel 6725:. United Nations. 6503:The Avalon Project 6323:www.johndclare.net 6051:. United Nations. 6021:. 21 August 2018. 5995:Official Languages 5963:Vatican City State 5953:The Holy See is a 5586:Robert S. Wistrich 5584:, British scholar 5555:) was authored by 5538:John Birch Society 5525:John Birch Society 5256:British historian 5244:Uppsala University 5221: 4476: 4354:UN Population Fund 4322: 4287: 4142:; followed by the 4113: 4054:Outer Space Treaty 4033: 4010:Cambodian genocide 4001: 3943: 3888:developing nations 3824: 3790:independent states 3783: 3757:UN Observer States 3372: 3327:Abdulla Al Mandous 2664: 2628:indigenous peoples 2585: 2220: 2182: 2093: 1976: 1832:currently inactive 1749:Adopts the budget; 1566:official languages 1417:an internal review 1308:invasion of Kuwait 1283: 1275: 1263: 1138:resulting conflict 1091: 1049:Iranian Azerbaijan 1012: 920:. The text of the 906:Arcadia Conference 895:Free French Forces 875:Franklin Roosevelt 867: 766: 728:Nobel Peace Prizes 634:military observers 283:Simplified Chinese 215:Official languages 197:international zone 17101: 17100: 17095: 17094: 17067:International law 16936:Right of conquest 16901:National interest 16844:Deterrence theory 16742: 16741: 16729:League of Nations 16613: 16612: 16418:Water Cooperation 16238:Cultural Heritage 15967: 15966: 15963: 15962: 15839:Intergovernmental 15776: 15775: 15616:League of Nations 15604:League of Nations 15566: 15565: 15531:Republic of China 15184:Relations of the 15151: 15150: 15078: 15077: 14901:Military Observer 14797: 14796: 14628:UN Art Collection 14604:Millennium Summit 14559:UN Block By Block 14539:Ralph Bunche Park 14507:UN laissez-passer 14467:UN Global Compact 14424:Delivering as One 14323:Secretary-General 14214: 14213: 14194:Indigenous Caucus 14088:Tehran Conference 14082:Moscow Conference 14057:Preparatory years 14026:League of Nations 13926: 13925: 13826:Palace of Nations 13528:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 13344:Secretary-General 13287:Amina J. Mohammed 13274:Secretary-General 13113:Official websites 13094: 13093: 13086: 13015:978-0-19-827926-6 12978:978-0-19-953343-5 12935:978-1-4000-6097-9 12911:978-0-19-956010-3 12880:978-0-8133-3324-3 12856:978-0-415-93924-9 12834:978-0-8147-0794-4 12815:978-0-87113-616-9 12794:978-0-316-54770-3 12766:978-0-375-70341-6 12742:978-0-300-08553-2 12729:Brinkley, Douglas 12708:978-90-04-17363-7 12689:978-1-4000-5475-6 12665:978-0-8108-5547-2 12646:978-0-300-10155-3 12625:978-0-8020-0899-2 12603:978-1-59884-488-7 12334:978-1-878379-35-1 12307:Los Angeles Times 12215:The Texas Tribune 12129:ADL. 7 July 2009. 12099:For Dreyfus, see 11958:Enter Stage Right 11763:978-1-57230-562-5 11656:978-1-85109-849-1 11562:. 30 March 2020. 11254:978-0-253-00011-8 11211:978-81-7142-701-7 11172:The Baltimore Sun 11087:, pp. cviii. 10991:978-1-108-45718-7 10952:978-0-691-13671-4 9998:. 15 March 2006. 9280:Nations, United. 9227:(Thesis thesis). 8649:, pp. 59–62. 8637:, pp. 31–32. 8554:Nations, United. 8518:, pp. 40–41. 8476:, pp. 39–43. 8435:, pp. 70–73. 8367:, pp. 69–70. 7673:, pp. 66–67. 7645:New Straits Times 7497:Renner, Michael. 7275:. 6 August 2015. 7255:, pp. 51–54. 7183:, pp. 58–59. 7147:978-0-19-521043-9 7100:, pp. 25–26. 7046:978-0-520-04547-7 6870:978-0-393-07476-5 6662:978-0-19-989195-5 6595:978-0-385-35306-9 6472:978-0-8122-2138-1 6404:978-92-1-100273-7 6397:. UN. p. 5. 6111:. 19 April 2021. 5774:Secretary-General 5697:right of conquest 5501:Republic of China 5477:COVID-19 pandemic 5468:Republic of China 5449:Charles de Gaulle 5302:Lester B. Pearson 5293:Nobel Peace Prize 5266:François Hollande 5109: 5108: 4491: 4264:ranking countries 4232: 4231: 4121:Eleanor Roosevelt 4105:Eleanor Roosevelt 3959:Jammu and Kashmir 3721: 3720: 3338: 3337: 2893:Arsenio Dominguez 2562: 2561: 2334:18 September 1961 2232:Country of origin 2186:secretary-general 2179:secretary-general 2129:Republic of Korea 2045:General Committee 1972:Mikhail Gorbachev 1953: 1952: 1828:trust territories 1789:relative majority 1693:international law 1469:2005 World Summit 1457:poverty reduction 1448:Millennium Summit 1421:the final battles 1419:of UN actions in 1407:in Sudan and the 1213:Republic of China 1185:Nobel Peace Prize 1113:on 27 July 1953. 977:Tehran Conference 964:Moscow Conference 962:The October 1943 930:religious freedom 879:Winston Churchill 797:League of Nations 762:League of Nations 716:secretary-general 642:trust territories 607:international law 585:, California for 579:League of Nations 509: 508: 505: 504: 499: 498: 494:League of Nations 407:26 June 1945 349:Amina J. Mohammed 328:Secretary‑General 310:2 observer states 306:193 member states 129: 128: 17156: 17087:Security studies 16879:Internationality 16874:Internationalism 16673: 16672: 16640: 16633: 16626: 16617: 16616: 16250:Kyrgyz Statehood 16196:Culture of Peace 16094:Disabled Persons 16070:World Population 15994: 15987: 15980: 15971: 15970: 15938: 15917:World Bank Group 15854: 15853: 15850: 15832: 15816: 15809: 15802: 15793: 15792: 15780: 15779: 15724:António Guterres 15682:Dag Hammarskjöld 15672:(United Kingdom) 15651: 15628:(United Kingdom) 15593: 15586: 15579: 15570: 15569: 15546:Byelorussian SSR 15493:Marshall Islands 15178: 15171: 15164: 15155: 15154: 15141: 15140: 15125:Small Five Group 14962: 14961: 14831:Security Council 14824: 14817: 14810: 14801: 14800: 14790:World portal 14788: 14787: 14694:Biopiracy treaty 14280:Nagorno-Karabakh 14250:Security Council 14233:General Assembly 14160:Human Rights Day 14100:Yalta Conference 14070:Atlantic Charter 13991: 13990: 13947:Founding members 13868:Peace Operations 13752:World Bank Group 13446:Culture of Peace 13437:and other bodies 13390:Security Council 13366:General Assembly 13332:Principal organs 13311: 13310: 13278:António Guterres 13256: 13249: 13242: 13233: 13232: 13228: 13217: 13216: 13201:Internet Archive 13132: 13129: 13124: 13123: 13121:Official website 13089: 13082: 13078: 13075: 13069: 13037: 13036: 13029: 13019: 13007: 12982: 12939: 12915: 12896: 12884: 12860: 12838: 12819: 12798: 12770: 12746: 12725:Hoopes, Townsend 12720: 12693: 12669: 12650: 12629: 12607: 12595: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12569: 12563: 12556: 12548: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12537: 12522: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12492: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12481: 12465: 12459: 12458: 12434: 12428: 12427: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12364: 12358: 12342: 12336: 12326: 12320: 12304: 12298: 12297: 12295: 12293: 12273: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12262: 12256: 12245: 12237: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12206: 12200: 12186: 12180: 12165: 12159: 12138: 12132: 12087:Dershowitz, Alan 12077: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12066: 12051: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12034: 12028:. Archived from 12010:10.2307/20455664 11997:Yale Law Journal 11993: 11981: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11970: 11945: 11939: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11928: 11916: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11856: 11850: 11849: 11847: 11845: 11805: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11794: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11743: 11737: 11731: 11725: 11724: 11718: 11716: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11665: 11659: 11644: 11638: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11582: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11571: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11494:. 24 July 2007. 11484: 11478: 11477: 11476:on 10 July 2009. 11461: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11450: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11404: 11398: 11392: 11386: 11367: 11361: 11341: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11309: 11303: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11234: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11195: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11162: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11132: 11126: 11125: 11123: 11121: 11106: 11100: 11094: 11088: 11082: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11026: 11020: 11014: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10994:. Archived from 10975: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10955:. Archived from 10936: 10930: 10929: 10919: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10873: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10847: 10841: 10840: 10838: 10836: 10823: 10817: 10791: 10785: 10779: 10773: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10756: 10737: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10699: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10644: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10614: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10603: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10577: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10510: 10504: 10498: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10472: 10466: 10460: 10454: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10418: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10392: 10386: 10380: 10371: 10365: 10359: 10353: 10347: 10341: 10335: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10313:on 24 March 2007 10303: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10292: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10207: 10201: 10195: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10163: 10157: 10151: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10125: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10099: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10065:Associated Press 10050: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10033: 10026: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 9988: 9982: 9976: 9970: 9964: 9958: 9952: 9946: 9940: 9934: 9928: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9890: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9857: 9851: 9845: 9839: 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9548: 9539: 9533: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9507: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9490: 9483: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9464: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9362: 9356: 9350: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9006: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8913: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8797: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8711: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8682: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8606: 8600: 8594: 8588: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8551: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8445: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8423: 8417: 8415: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8356: 8350: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8322: 8316: 8299: 8293: 8280: 8274: 8258: 8252: 8239: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8038: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7907: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7877: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7857: 7850: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7636: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7548: 7542: 7536: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7516: 7503: 7494: 7488: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7442: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7394:. Archived from 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7265: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7159: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7107: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7075:. Archived from 7065: 7050: 7049: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6858: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6828:. Archived from 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6773: 6765: 6757: 6751: 6748:Schlesinger 2003 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6691:(16 July 1998). 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6622:"United Nations" 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6358: 6352: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6233:. Archived from 6227:"Decolonization" 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6193: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6174:on 3 August 2015 6164: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6141:. Archived from 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6015:"United Nations" 6011: 6005: 5992: 5970: 5955:sovereign entity 5951: 5945: 5930:World Bank Group 5926: 5920: 5916: 5842: 5837: 5836: 5828: 5823: 5822: 5814: 5812:Countries portal 5809: 5808: 5565:Yale Law Journal 5466:Since 1971, the 5395:Security Council 5379:reform of the UN 5356:, in his memoir 5273:Jacques Fomerand 5104: 5103: 5090: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5066: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5042: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5018: 5017: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4980: 4970: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4946: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4922: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4898: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4874: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4850: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4826: 4825: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4802: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4754: 4753: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4730: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4706: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4634: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4562: 4561: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4538: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4514: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4490:(% of UN budget) 4489: 4479: 4475: 4291:World Bank Group 4193: 4192: 4049:General Assembly 4018:Somali Civil War 3868:. After forming 3862:Security Council 3818:, Indonesia was 3785:All the world's 3780: Antarctica 3779: 3770: 3764: 3754: 3748:UN member states 3745: 3711: 3710: 3698: 3697: 3671: 3670: 3658: 3657: 3631: 3630: 3622:, United States 3618: 3617: 3591: 3590: 3578: 3577: 3551: 3550: 3538: 3537: 3511: 3510: 3502:, United States 3498: 3497: 3471: 3470: 3462:, United States 3458: 3457: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3415:, United States 3411: 3410: 3375: 3371: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3298: 3297: 3270: 3269: 3257: 3256: 3229: 3228: 3216: 3215: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3167:Washington, D.C. 3165: 3164: 3155:World Bank Group 3137: 3136: 3124: 3123: 3096: 3095: 3083: 3082: 3055: 3054: 3042: 3041: 3014: 3013: 3001: 3000: 2973: 2972: 2960: 2959: 2932: 2931: 2921:Washington, D.C. 2919: 2918: 2891: 2890: 2882:, United Kingdom 2878: 2877: 2850: 2849: 2837: 2836: 2812: 2802: 2801: 2789: 2788: 2761: 2760: 2750:Montreal, Quebec 2748: 2747: 2720: 2719: 2707: 2706: 2667: 2663: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2534:António Guterres 2523:31 December 2016 2514: 2512: 2511: 2492:31 December 2006 2483: 2481: 2480: 2460:31 December 1996 2451: 2449: 2448: 2429:31 December 1991 2420: 2418: 2417: 2398:31 December 1981 2389: 2387: 2386: 2366:31 December 1971 2363:30 November 1961 2357: 2355: 2354: 2325: 2323: 2322: 2314:Dag Hammarskjöld 2302:10 November 1952 2293: 2291: 2290: 2270:2 February 1946 2267:24 October 1945 2261: 2259: 2258: 2223: 2219: 2211:António Guterres 2175:António Guterres 2058:Security Council 1984:UN member states 1957:General Assembly 1872: 1859: 1846: 1733: 1720: 1707: 1656: 1647: 1640: 1633: 1626: 1523:Security Council 1519:General Assembly 1485:António Guterres 1429:Haiti earthquake 1413:Syrian Civil War 1359:Rwandan genocide 1304:US-led coalition 1227:to be a form of 1177:Dag Hammarskjöld 1103:US-led coalition 1087:Dag Hammarskjöld 1041:General Assembly 1034:Security Council 970:, including the 966:resulted in the 914:Allied countries 912:to describe the 883:Atlantic Charter 881:had drafted the 840:Haile Selassie I 758:Haile Selassie I 720:António Guterres 707:. Additionally, 689:World Bank Group 661:Security Council 657:General Assembly 615:sovereign states 605:, and upholding 599:humanitarian aid 540:extraterritorial 533:headquartered in 490: 489: 483: 482: 470: 469: 462: 455: 437: 435: 430: 417: 415: 410: 334:António Guterres 177: 160: 146: 125: 124: 123: 108: 107: 106: 91: 90: 76: 75: 61: 60: 48: 47: 42: 32: 31: 17164: 17163: 17159: 17158: 17157: 17155: 17154: 17153: 17104: 17103: 17102: 17097: 17096: 17091: 17035: 17026:Postcolonialism 16987: 16916:Non-state actor 16911:Non-belligerent 16906:Neutral country 16891:Interventionism 16824:Co-belligerence 16785: 16738: 16717: 16662: 16649: 16644: 16614: 16609: 16568:Peace and Trust 16520:Peace and Trust 16430:Crystallography 16007: 15998: 15968: 15959: 15932: 15926: 15844: 15840: 15833: 15826: 15820: 15785: 15777: 15772: 15765: 15729: 15661: 15659: 15652: 15643: 15619: 15617: 15610: 15597: 15567: 15562: 15517: 15471: 15365: 15264: 15218: 15192: 15182: 15152: 15147: 15129: 15074: 15036: 14998: 14951: 14925: 14887: 14837: 14828: 14798: 14793: 14782: 14775: 14698: 14389: 14311: 14210: 14111: 14052: 13994:Preceding years 13980: 13933: 13922: 13781:and departments 13780: 13773: 13665: 13656: 13439: 13436: 13428: 13327: 13300: 13265: 13260: 13214: 13165: 13130: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13106:Wayback Machine 13099:the UN Registry 13090: 13079: 13073: 13070: 13051: 13042:This article's 13038: 13034: 13027: 13022: 13016: 12979: 12961:Welsh, Jennifer 12947: 12945:Further reading 12942: 12936: 12912: 12881: 12857: 12835: 12816: 12795: 12767: 12743: 12709: 12690: 12666: 12647: 12626: 12612:Coulon, Jocelyn 12604: 12583: 12578: 12577: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12554: 12550: 12549: 12545: 12535: 12533: 12524: 12523: 12519: 12509: 12507: 12494: 12493: 12489: 12479: 12477: 12466: 12462: 12435: 12431: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12365: 12361: 12356:Wayback Machine 12346:Foreign Affairs 12343: 12339: 12327: 12323: 12318:Wayback Machine 12309:, 17 Oct. 2002 12305: 12301: 12291: 12289: 12282:Washington Post 12274: 12270: 12260: 12258: 12254: 12243: 12239: 12238: 12234: 12224: 12222: 12207: 12203: 12197:Wayback Machine 12187: 12183: 12177:Wayback Machine 12166: 12162: 12156:Wayback Machine 12147:The Independent 12139: 12135: 12127:Wayback Machine 12108:Wayback Machine 12078: 12074: 12064: 12062: 12053: 12052: 12048: 12038: 12036: 12032: 11991: 11982: 11978: 11968: 11966: 11951:(16 May 2005). 11946: 11942: 11932: 11930: 11926: 11918: 11917: 11913: 11903: 11901: 11888: 11887: 11883: 11873: 11871: 11866:. 4 June 1997. 11858: 11857: 11853: 11843: 11841: 11806: 11802: 11792: 11790: 11775: 11771: 11764: 11744: 11740: 11732: 11728: 11714: 11712: 11697: 11696: 11692: 11682: 11680: 11667: 11666: 11662: 11645: 11641: 11631: 11629: 11614: 11610: 11600: 11598: 11583: 11579: 11569: 11567: 11554: 11553: 11549: 11539: 11537: 11524: 11523: 11519: 11509: 11507: 11486: 11485: 11481: 11462: 11458: 11448: 11446: 11435: 11431: 11421: 11419: 11406: 11405: 11401: 11393: 11389: 11377:Wayback Machine 11368: 11364: 11352:Wayback Machine 11342: 11338: 11328: 11326: 11311: 11310: 11306: 11296: 11294: 11279: 11278: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11255: 11247:. p. 455. 11235: 11231: 11221: 11219: 11212: 11196: 11192: 11182: 11180: 11163: 11159: 11149: 11147: 11134: 11133: 11129: 11119: 11117: 11112:. Nobel Prize. 11108: 11107: 11103: 11095: 11091: 11083: 11079: 11069: 11067: 11054: 11053: 11049: 11039: 11037: 11028: 11027: 11023: 11015: 11011: 11001: 10999: 10998:on 24 June 2021 10992: 10976: 10972: 10962: 10960: 10959:on 24 June 2021 10953: 10937: 10933: 10900: 10896: 10886: 10884: 10875: 10874: 10870: 10860: 10858: 10849: 10848: 10844: 10834: 10832: 10825: 10824: 10820: 10813:Wayback Machine 10801:Wayback Machine 10792: 10788: 10780: 10776: 10768: 10764: 10754: 10752: 10739: 10738: 10734: 10726: 10722: 10712: 10710: 10701: 10700: 10693: 10683: 10681: 10672: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10655: 10646: 10645: 10641: 10631: 10629: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10601: 10599: 10590: 10589: 10585: 10575: 10573: 10564: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10538: 10537: 10533: 10523: 10521: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10499: 10495: 10485: 10483: 10476:"Organizations" 10474: 10473: 10469: 10461: 10457: 10449: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10420: 10419: 10415: 10405: 10403: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10381: 10374: 10366: 10362: 10354: 10350: 10342: 10338: 10330: 10326: 10316: 10314: 10305: 10304: 10300: 10290: 10288: 10279: 10278: 10274: 10264: 10262: 10253: 10252: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10227: 10226: 10222: 10214: 10210: 10202: 10198: 10190: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10165: 10164: 10160: 10152: 10148: 10138: 10136: 10127: 10126: 10122: 10112: 10110: 10101: 10100: 10096: 10088: 10084: 10074: 10072: 10051: 10047: 10037: 10035: 10031: 10024: 10020: 10019: 10015: 10005: 10003: 9990: 9989: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9965: 9961: 9953: 9949: 9941: 9937: 9929: 9925: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9892: 9891: 9884: 9874: 9872: 9859: 9858: 9854: 9846: 9842: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9809: 9808: 9804: 9794: 9792: 9781: 9777: 9767: 9765: 9760:. 28 May 2007. 9752: 9751: 9747: 9737: 9735: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9674: 9672: 9659: 9658: 9654: 9644: 9642: 9627: 9623: 9615: 9611: 9603: 9599: 9591: 9587: 9579: 9575: 9565: 9563: 9550: 9549: 9542: 9534: 9530: 9520: 9518: 9517:on 28 July 2009 9509: 9508: 9504: 9494: 9492: 9488: 9481: 9477: 9476: 9472: 9462: 9460: 9451: 9450: 9446: 9436: 9434: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9406: 9404: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9376: 9374: 9363: 9359: 9351: 9347: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9310: 9309: 9305: 9295: 9293: 9278: 9274: 9264: 9262: 9249: 9248: 9244: 9234: 9232: 9219: 9215: 9205: 9203: 9198:. Group of 77. 9196:"About the G77" 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9172:. Group of 77. 9168: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9109: 9108: 9104: 9094: 9092: 9083: 9082: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9018: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8963: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8915: 8914: 8907: 8897: 8895: 8882: 8881: 8877: 8869: 8865: 8855: 8853: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8831: 8824: 8814: 8812: 8799: 8798: 8791: 8783: 8779: 8771: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8743: 8742: 8738: 8728: 8726: 8713: 8712: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8684: 8683: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8658: 8657: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8633: 8629: 8619: 8617: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8595: 8591: 8583: 8579: 8569: 8567: 8552: 8548: 8538: 8536: 8527: 8526: 8522: 8514: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8456: 8447: 8446: 8439: 8431: 8427: 8413: 8411: 8402: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8363: 8359: 8351: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8309:Wayback Machine 8300: 8296: 8290:Wayback Machine 8281: 8277: 8271:Wayback Machine 8259: 8255: 8249:Wayback Machine 8240: 8233: 8229:, pp. 4–7. 8225: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8196:on 28 June 2012 8188: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8147: 8145: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8095: 8093: 8084: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8058: 8057: 8053: 8045: 8041: 8037:, pp. 3–4. 8033: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7946:www.cbsnews.com 7938: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7909: 7908: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7879: 7878: 7871: 7861: 7859: 7855: 7848: 7844: 7843: 7839: 7829: 7827: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7698: 7690: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7669: 7665: 7655: 7653: 7638: 7637: 7630: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7591: 7587: 7579: 7575: 7567: 7563: 7555: 7551: 7543: 7539: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7419: 7415: 7407: 7403: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7377: 7373: 7365: 7361: 7353: 7349: 7341: 7337: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7316: 7308: 7304: 7300:, pp. 114. 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7267: 7266: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7228:www.nytimes.com 7222: 7221: 7217: 7207: 7205: 7192: 7191: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7167: 7163: 7148: 7134: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7109: 7108: 7104: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7067: 7066: 7053: 7047: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6910: 6908: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6886:, p. 2445. 6882: 6878: 6871: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6767: 6766: 6758: 6754: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6689:Urquhart, Brian 6686: 6682: 6674: 6670: 6663: 6649: 6645: 6635: 6633: 6626:Wordorigins.org 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6596: 6578: 6574: 6564: 6562: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6527: 6526: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6473: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6317: 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4991: 4990: 4978: 4976: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4954: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4930: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4906: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4894: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4858: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4834: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4810: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4786: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4762: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4738: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4726: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4690: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4642: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4618: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4594: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4570: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4546: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4522: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4498: 4496: 4488: 4474: 4431: 4399: 4385: 4367:Along with the 4362:family planning 4342:river blindness 4314:Syrian refugees 4191: 4094: 4041:nuclear weapons 3935: 3927:Main articles: 3925: 3913: 3884: 3878: 3864:in 1965 during 3781: 3777: 3775: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3760: 3752: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3728:Main articles: 3726: 3705: 3692: 3665: 3652: 3625: 3612: 3585: 3572: 3545: 3532: 3505: 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740: 487: 464: 458: 457: 451: 450: 433: 431: 428: 424: 413: 411: 408: 404: 375: 360: 345: 330: 308: 287: 261: 259:Official script 252: 182: 168: 167: 166: 161: 153: 152: 147: 134: 133: 132: 119: 102: 44: 43: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17162: 17152: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17114:United Nations 17099: 17098: 17093: 17092: 17090: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17043: 17041: 17037: 17036: 17034: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17006:English school 17003: 17001:Constructivism 16997: 16995: 16989: 16988: 16986: 16985: 16980: 16979: 16978: 16973: 16971:Non-aggression 16968: 16963: 16958: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16887: 16886: 16881: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16815: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16793: 16791: 16787: 16786: 16784: 16783: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16752: 16750: 16744: 16743: 16740: 16739: 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16055: 16049: 16043: 16037: 16031: 16025: 16019: 16012: 16009: 16008: 16005:United Nations 15997: 15996: 15989: 15982: 15974: 15965: 15964: 15961: 15960: 15958: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15941: 15939: 15928: 15927: 15925: 15924: 15919: 15914: 15912:United Nations 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15863: 15861: 15851: 15835: 15834: 15819: 15818: 15811: 15804: 15796: 15790: 15787: 15786: 15774: 15773: 15770: 15767: 15766: 15764: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15737: 15735: 15731: 15730: 15728: 15727: 15721: 15715: 15709: 15703: 15697: 15691: 15685: 15679: 15673: 15664: 15662: 15658:United Nations 15657: 15654: 15653: 15646: 15644: 15642: 15641: 15635: 15629: 15622: 15620: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15608:United Nations 15596: 15595: 15588: 15581: 15573: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15560: 15555: 15554: 15553: 15548: 15538: 15533: 15527: 15525: 15523:Former members 15519: 15518: 15516: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15479: 15477: 15473: 15472: 15470: 15469: 15467:United Kingdom 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15373: 15371: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15272: 15270: 15266: 15265: 15263: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15226: 15224: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15200: 15198: 15194: 15193: 15186:United Nations 15181: 15180: 15173: 15166: 15158: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15145: 15134: 15131: 15130: 15128: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15086: 15084: 15080: 15079: 15076: 15075: 15073: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15046: 15044: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15008: 15006: 15000: 14999: 14997: 14996: 14991: 14989:United Kingdom 14986: 14981: 14976: 14970: 14968: 14959: 14953: 14952: 14950: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14933: 14931: 14927: 14926: 14924: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14897: 14895: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14885: 14884: 14883: 14878: 14868: 14867: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14845: 14843: 14839: 14838: 14835:United Nations 14827: 14826: 14819: 14812: 14804: 14795: 14794: 14780: 14777: 14776: 14774: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14740: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14706: 14704: 14700: 14699: 14697: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14653: 14652: 14642: 14637: 14636: 14635: 14625: 14624: 14623: 14613: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14535: 14534: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14453: 14452: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14399: 14397: 14391: 14390: 14388: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14330: 14319: 14317: 14313: 14312: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14307: 14302: 14300:Western Sahara 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14247: 14246: 14245: 14240: 14230: 14224: 14222: 14216: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14191: 14181: 14180: 14179: 14169: 14164: 14163: 14162: 14157: 14147: 14146: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14119: 14117: 14113: 14112: 14110: 14109: 14103: 14097: 14091: 14085: 14079: 14073: 14067: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13997: 13995: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13978: 13977: 13976: 13974:European Union 13966: 13965: 13964: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13938: 13936: 13928: 13927: 13924: 13923: 13921: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13854: 13853: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13811:Envoy on Youth 13808: 13807: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13785: 13783: 13775: 13774: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13668: 13666: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13536: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13515: 13514: 13513: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13442: 13440: 13433: 13430: 13429: 13427: 13426: 13421: 13420: 13419: 13409: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13363: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13335: 13333: 13329: 13328: 13326: 13325: 13319: 13317: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13298: 13296:Dennis Francis 13289: 13280: 13270: 13267: 13266: 13263:United Nations 13259: 13258: 13251: 13244: 13236: 13230: 13229: 13221:United Nations 13218: 13203: 13194: 13188: 13178: 13172: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13154: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13109: 13092: 13091: 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Yahoo News. 12160: 12133: 12131: 12130: 12116: 12115:. 8 July 2009. 12097: 12083: 12072: 12046: 11985:Resnik, Judith 11976: 11940: 11927:(subscription) 11911: 11881: 11851: 11820:(4): 437–438. 11800: 11769: 11762: 11738: 11726: 11721:Newspapers.com 11690: 11660: 11639: 11608: 11577: 11547: 11517: 11479: 11456: 11429: 11399: 11397:, p. civ. 11387: 11362: 11336: 11304: 11286:Tamil Guardian 11272: 11253: 11229: 11210: 11190: 11157: 11140:NobelPrize.org 11127: 11101: 11099:, p. 339. 11089: 11077: 11047: 11021: 11019:, p. 290. 11009: 10990: 10970: 10951: 10931: 10894: 10868: 10842: 10818: 10786: 10784:, p. 115. 10774: 10772:, p. 682. 10762: 10745:United Nations 10732: 10730:, p. 117. 10720: 10691: 10665: 10639: 10609: 10583: 10557: 10531: 10505: 10503:, p. 179. 10493: 10467: 10455: 10443: 10413: 10387: 10385:, p. 183. 10372: 10370:, p. 368. 10360: 10348: 10336: 10324: 10298: 10287:on 3 June 2004 10272: 10246: 10220: 10218:, p. 126. 10208: 10196: 10184: 10158: 10146: 10120: 10094: 10082: 10045: 10013: 9983: 9981:, p. 347. 9971: 9969:, p. 192. 9959: 9947: 9935: 9933:, p. 377. 9923: 9911: 9882: 9852: 9840: 9828: 9802: 9775: 9745: 9712: 9697:. 8 May 2006. 9682: 9652: 9621: 9609: 9597: 9595:, p. 187. 9585: 9573: 9558:. 7 May 2021. 9540: 9528: 9502: 9470: 9444: 9414: 9384: 9357: 9345: 9333: 9303: 9286:United Nations 9272: 9242: 9213: 9187: 9161: 9128: 9102: 9076: 9050: 9024: 9012: 8986: 8956: 8934: 8905: 8875: 8873:, p. 156. 8863: 8846:"About ECOSOC" 8837: 8822: 8789: 8777: 8775:, p. 183. 8762: 8736: 8703: 8677: 8651: 8639: 8627: 8601: 8599:, p. 285. 8589: 8577: 8560:United Nations 8546: 8520: 8508: 8491:United Nations 8478: 8466: 8437: 8425: 8395: 8369: 8357: 8342: 8330:United Nations 8317: 8294: 8275: 8253: 8231: 8219: 8207: 8181: 8155: 8129: 8103: 8077: 8051: 8039: 8027: 7994: 7963: 7932: 7902: 7885:United Nations 7869: 7837: 7807: 7790:United Nations 7777: 7747: 7720: 7718:, p. 111. 7708: 7696: 7694:, p. 104. 7684: 7675: 7663: 7628: 7616: 7599:New York Times 7585: 7573: 7561: 7559:, p. 334. 7549: 7537: 7528: 7489: 7480: 7454: 7433:(1): 357–383. 7413: 7401: 7383: 7371: 7359: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7314: 7302: 7290: 7273:United Nations 7257: 7245: 7215: 7198:United Nations 7185: 7173: 7161: 7146: 7128: 7102: 7090: 7073:United Nations 7051: 7045: 7023: 7004: 6978: 6948: 6931:United Nations 6918: 6901:United Nations 6888: 6884:Osmańczyk 2004 6876: 6869: 6843: 6826:United Nations 6813: 6781: 6752: 6740: 6714: 6680: 6668: 6661: 6643: 6613: 6594: 6572: 6546: 6520: 6490: 6471: 6451: 6422: 6403: 6383: 6366:johndclare.net 6353: 6340: 6310: 6278: 6248: 6231:United Nations 6218: 6185: 6156: 6139:United Nations 6126: 6096: 6066: 6036: 6006: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5946: 5921: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5829: 5815: 5799: 5796: 5766:Main article: 5763: 5760: 5747:Main article: 5744: 5741: 5704: 5701: 5637: 5634: 5614:George W. Bush 5577: 5574: 5570:Mike D. Rogers 5553:H.R. 1146 5533: 5530: 5520:UN Secretariat 5492: 5489: 5436: 5433: 5429:European Union 5386: 5383: 5346:George W. Bush 5341: 5338: 5333:Main article: 5330: 5327: 5288: 5285: 5191: 5188: 5157:United Kingdom 5107: 5106: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5083: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5059: 5045: 5044: 5037: 5035: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5011: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4987: 4973: 4972: 4965: 4963: 4949: 4948: 4941: 4939: 4925: 4924: 4917: 4915: 4901: 4900: 4893: 4891: 4877: 4876: 4869: 4867: 4853: 4852: 4845: 4843: 4829: 4828: 4821: 4819: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4795: 4781: 4780: 4773: 4771: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4747: 4733: 4732: 4725: 4723: 4709: 4708: 4701: 4699: 4685: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4651: 4637: 4636: 4629: 4627: 4613: 4612: 4605: 4603: 4601:United Kingdom 4589: 4588: 4581: 4579: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4555: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4531: 4517: 4516: 4509: 4507: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4473: 4470: 4447:Western Sahara 4430: 4427: 4423:Kyoto Protocol 4419:global warming 4384: 4381: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4190: 4187: 4171:women's rights 4093: 4090: 3924: 3921: 3912: 3909: 3880:Main article: 3877: 3874: 3807: 3806: 3803: 3776: 3767: 3761: 3751: 3742: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3713:Toily Kurbanov 3703: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3663: 3650: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3623: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3593:Inger Andersen 3583: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3543: 3530: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3503: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3463: 3450: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3416: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3303: 3290: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3262: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3231:Tedros Adhanom 3221: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3170: 3157: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3129: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3088: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3047: 3034: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3016:Audrey Azoulay 3006: 2993: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2965: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2924: 2911: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2883: 2870: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2842: 2829: 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16563: 16560: 16557: 16554: 16551: 16548: 16545: 16542: 16539: 16536: 16533: 16530: 16527: 16524: 16521: 16518: 16515: 16512: 16509: 16506: 16503: 16500: 16497: 16494: 16491: 16488: 16485: 16482: 16479: 16476: 16473: 16470: 16467: 16464: 16461: 16458: 16455: 16452: 16449: 16446: 16443: 16440: 16437: 16434: 16431: 16428: 16425: 16422: 16419: 16416: 16413: 16410: 16407: 16404: 16401: 16398: 16395: 16392: 16389: 16386: 16383: 16380: 16377: 16374: 16371: 16368: 16365: 16362: 16359: 16356: 16353: 16350: 16347: 16344: 16341: 16338: 16335: 16332: 16329: 16326: 16323: 16320: 16317: 16314: 16311: 16308: 16305: 16302: 16299: 16296: 16293: 16290: 16287: 16284: 16281: 16278: 16275: 16272: 16269: 16266: 16263: 16260: 16257: 16254: 16251: 16248: 16245: 16242: 16239: 16236: 16233: 16230: 16227: 16224: 16221: 16218: 16215: 16212: 16209: 16206: 16203: 16200: 16197: 16194: 16191: 16190:Older Persons 16188: 16185: 16182: 16179: 16176: 16173: 16170: 16167: 16164: 16161: 16158: 16155: 16152: 16149: 16146: 16143: 16140: 16137: 16134: 16131: 16128: 16125: 16122: 16119: 16116: 16113: 16110: 16107: 16104: 16101: 16098: 16095: 16092: 16089: 16086: 16083: 16080: 16077: 16074: 16071: 16068: 16065: 16064:Book (UNESCO) 16062: 16059: 16056: 16053: 16050: 16047: 16044: 16041: 16038: 16035: 16032: 16029: 16026: 16023: 16020: 16017: 16016:World Refugee 16014: 16013: 16010: 16006: 16002: 15995: 15990: 15988: 15983: 15981: 15976: 15975: 15972: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15942: 15940: 15936: 15929: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15864: 15862: 15860: 15857:Non-cultural 15855: 15852: 15848: 15842: 15841:organizations 15836: 15830: 15824: 15817: 15812: 15810: 15805: 15803: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15788: 15781: 15768: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15738: 15736: 15732: 15725: 15722: 15720:(South Korea) 15719: 15716: 15713: 15710: 15707: 15704: 15701: 15698: 15695: 15694:Kurt Waldheim 15692: 15689: 15686: 15683: 15680: 15677: 15674: 15671: 15670: 15666: 15665: 15663: 15655: 15650: 15639: 15636: 15633: 15632:Joseph Avenol 15630: 15627: 15626:Eric Drummond 15624: 15623: 15621: 15613: 15609: 15605: 15601: 15594: 15589: 15587: 15582: 15580: 15575: 15574: 15571: 15559: 15556: 15552: 15551:Ukrainian SSR 15549: 15547: 15544: 15543: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15528: 15526: 15524: 15520: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15480: 15478: 15474: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15417:Liechtenstein 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15368: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15273: 15271: 15267: 15261: 15260:United States 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15227: 15225: 15221: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15201: 15199: 15195: 15191: 15190:member states 15187: 15179: 15174: 15172: 15167: 15165: 15160: 15159: 15156: 15144: 15136: 15135: 15132: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15087: 15085: 15081: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15047: 15045: 15043: 15039: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15005: 15001: 14995: 14994:United States 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14971: 14969: 14967: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14954: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14934: 14932: 14928: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14894: 14890: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14873: 14872: 14869: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14851: 14850: 14847: 14846: 14844: 14840: 14836: 14832: 14825: 14820: 14818: 14813: 14811: 14806: 14805: 14802: 14792: 14791: 14786: 14778: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14741: 14739: 14737: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14707: 14705: 14701: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14684: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14651: 14648: 14647: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14634: 14631: 14630: 14629: 14626: 14622: 14619: 14618: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14601: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14574:Treaty Series 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14533: 14530: 14529: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14451: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14425: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14396: 14392: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14325: 14324: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14314: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14252: 14251: 14248: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14235: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14225: 14223: 14221: 14217: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14186: 14185: 14182: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14148: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14125: 14124: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14114: 14107: 14104: 14101: 14098: 14095: 14092: 14089: 14086: 14083: 14080: 14077: 14074: 14071: 14068: 14065: 14062: 14061: 14059: 14055: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13998: 13996: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13983: 13975: 13972: 13971: 13970: 13967: 13963: 13960: 13959: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13939: 13937: 13935: 13934:and observers 13929: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13878:Legal Affairs 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13852: 13849: 13848: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13791: 13790: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13782: 13776: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13754: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13659: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13627: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13519: 13516: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13431: 13425: 13422: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13413: 13410: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13391: 13388: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13372: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13364: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13330: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13297: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13268: 13264: 13257: 13252: 13250: 13245: 13243: 13238: 13237: 13234: 13227: 13222: 13219: 13211: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13192: 13189: 13186: 13182: 13179: 13176: 13173: 13170: 13167: 13166: 13158: 13155: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13128: 13122: 13117: 13116: 13107: 13103: 13100: 13096: 13095: 13088: 13085: 13077: 13074:February 2024 13067: 13063: 13062:inappropriate 13059: 13055: 13049: 13047: 13040: 13031: 13030: 13017: 13011: 13006: 13005: 12999: 12998:Roberts, Adam 12995: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12957:Roberts, Adam 12954: 12953:Lowe, Vaughan 12950: 12949: 12937: 12931: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12907: 12903: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12876: 12872: 12871: 12866: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12830: 12826: 12821: 12817: 12811: 12807: 12806: 12800: 12796: 12790: 12786: 12785: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12762: 12758: 12757: 12752: 12751:Kennedy, Paul 12748: 12744: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12704: 12700: 12695: 12691: 12685: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12657: 12652: 12648: 12642: 12638: 12637: 12631: 12627: 12621: 12617: 12613: 12609: 12605: 12599: 12594: 12593: 12586: 12585: 12560: 12553: 12547: 12531: 12527: 12526:"What is MUN" 12521: 12505: 12501: 12497: 12491: 12475: 12471: 12464: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12433: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12394: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12363: 12357: 12353: 12350: 12347: 12341: 12335: 12331: 12325: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12308: 12303: 12287: 12283: 12279: 12272: 12253: 12249: 12242: 12236: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12205: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12185: 12178: 12174: 12170: 12164: 12157: 12153: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12137: 12128: 12124: 12121: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12102: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12076: 12060: 12056: 12050: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11998: 11990: 11986: 11980: 11964: 11960: 11959: 11954: 11950: 11944: 11925: 11921: 11915: 11899: 11895: 11891: 11885: 11869: 11865: 11861: 11855: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11804: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11773: 11765: 11759: 11755: 11751: 11750: 11742: 11735: 11730: 11722: 11710: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11694: 11678: 11674: 11670: 11664: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11643: 11627: 11623: 11619: 11612: 11596: 11592: 11588: 11581: 11565: 11561: 11557: 11551: 11535: 11531: 11530:Bloomberg.com 11527: 11521: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11493: 11489: 11483: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11460: 11444: 11440: 11433: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11403: 11396: 11395:Fomerand 2009 11391: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11374: 11371: 11366: 11359: 11358: 11353: 11349: 11346: 11340: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11314: 11308: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11282: 11276: 11260: 11256: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11241: 11233: 11217: 11213: 11207: 11203: 11202: 11194: 11178: 11174: 11173: 11168: 11161: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11131: 11115: 11111: 11105: 11098: 11093: 11086: 11085:Fomerand 2009 11081: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11051: 11035: 11031: 11025: 11018: 11013: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10983: 10982: 10974: 10958: 10954: 10948: 10944: 10943: 10935: 10927: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10898: 10882: 10878: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10846: 10830: 10829: 10822: 10815: 10814: 10810: 10807: 10802: 10798: 10795: 10790: 10783: 10778: 10771: 10766: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10736: 10729: 10724: 10708: 10704: 10698: 10696: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10613: 10597: 10593: 10587: 10571: 10567: 10561: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10519: 10515: 10509: 10502: 10497: 10481: 10477: 10471: 10464: 10459: 10452: 10451:Fomerand 2009 10447: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10401: 10397: 10391: 10384: 10379: 10377: 10369: 10368:Fomerand 2009 10364: 10357: 10356:Fomerand 2009 10352: 10345: 10340: 10333: 10332:Fomerand 2009 10328: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10286: 10282: 10276: 10260: 10256: 10250: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10217: 10216:Fomerand 2009 10212: 10205: 10204:Fomerand 2009 10200: 10193: 10188: 10172: 10168: 10162: 10155: 10150: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10091: 10090:Fomerand 2009 10086: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10049: 10030: 10023: 10017: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9987: 9980: 9979:Fomerand 2009 9975: 9968: 9963: 9956: 9955:Fomerand 2009 9951: 9944: 9939: 9932: 9931:Fomerand 2009 9927: 9920: 9915: 9899: 9895: 9889: 9887: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9856: 9849: 9844: 9837: 9832: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9790: 9786: 9779: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9749: 9733: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9716: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9656: 9640: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9618: 9613: 9606: 9601: 9594: 9589: 9583:, p. 46. 9582: 9577: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9547: 9545: 9538:, p. 56. 9537: 9532: 9516: 9512: 9506: 9487: 9480: 9474: 9458: 9454: 9448: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9402: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9372: 9368: 9365:Nobel Prize. 9361: 9355:, p. ix. 9354: 9349: 9343:, p. 52. 9342: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9276: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9230: 9226: 9225: 9217: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9165: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9132: 9116: 9112: 9106: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9028: 9021: 9016: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8944: 8938: 8922: 8918: 8912: 8910: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8872: 8867: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8834: 8833:Fomerand 2009 8829: 8827: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8796: 8794: 8786: 8781: 8774: 8773:Fomerand 2009 8769: 8767: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8708: 8691: 8687: 8681: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8648: 8643: 8636: 8631: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8598: 8597:Fomerand 2009 8593: 8587:, p. 21. 8586: 8581: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8556:"Secretariat" 8550: 8534: 8530: 8524: 8517: 8512: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8442: 8434: 8429: 8422: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8383: 8379: 8378:"Main Organs" 8373: 8366: 8361: 8354: 8353:Fomerand 2009 8349: 8347: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8298: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8279: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8257: 8250: 8246: 8243: 8238: 8236: 8228: 8223: 8216: 8211: 8195: 8191: 8185: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8143: 8139: 8133: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8081: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8048: 8043: 8036: 8031: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8005: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7936: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7874: 7854: 7847: 7841: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7705: 7700: 7693: 7688: 7679: 7672: 7667: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7633: 7625: 7620: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7589: 7582: 7577: 7570: 7565: 7558: 7553: 7546: 7541: 7532: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7500: 7493: 7484: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7405: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7363: 7356: 7351: 7344: 7339: 7332: 7327: 7318: 7311: 7306: 7299: 7294: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7262: 7254: 7249: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7219: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7171:, p. 35. 7170: 7165: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7139: 7132: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7099: 7094: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7027: 7019: 7015: 7008: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6952: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6892: 6885: 6880: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6857: 6856: 6847: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6785: 6777: 6771: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6744: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6677: 6676:Sherwood 1948 6672: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6647: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6455: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6426: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6350: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6282: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6197:"Our history" 6192: 6190: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6161: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5991: 5987: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5919:October 1945. 5915: 5911: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5830: 5827: 5821: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5802: 5795: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5750: 5740: 5738: 5735:, the son of 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5715: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5640:According to 5636:Effectiveness 5633: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5539: 5529: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5411: 5410:laissez-faire 5407: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5347: 5336: 5326: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5284: 5281: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5218:New York City 5215: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5155:(6.11%), the 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5141:United States 5138: 5132: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5116: 5114: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5022: 5012: 5010: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4974: 4964: 4962: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4854: 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The 4344:, and 4310:Jordan 4177:, the 4164:LGBTQ+ 4111:, 1949 4080:, the 4068:, the 4064:, the 4060:, the 4056:, the 4008:, the 3977:, and 3870:CONEFO 3838:. The 3830:: the 3778: 3769: 3763: 3753: 3744: 3443:UNICEF 3367:UNAIDS 3300:Geneva 3259:Geneva 3218:Geneva 3085:Madrid 3044:Vienna 2987:UNESCO 2962:Geneva 2880:London 2839:Geneva 2676:Agency 2630:, the 2544: 2513: 2482: 2450: 2419: 2388: 2356: 2327:Sweden 2324: 2295:Norway 2292: 2260: 2241:Notes 2127:, the 2113:Guyana 2075:, the 1598:immune 1582:French 1570:Arabic 1560:, and 1558:Vienna 1529:, the 1525:, the 1521:, the 1388:. The 1349:. The 1242:, and 1229:racism 1126:Israel 1053:Greece 1045:London 819:, and 813:France 795:. 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