COVID-19 vaccination in the United States

269: 240: 533:, the following U.S. states were not requiring foreigners to present proof of residency to receive the vaccine: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Wyoming. Thousands of Latin Americans were booking travel to the United States and being vaccinated in the country. Vaccination centers in some U.S. states were accepting foreign passports as valid identification. Travel agencies were advertising "vaccination tourism," and the U.S. embassy in Peru, for example, advised that travelers to the United States could seek vaccination. The governor of Alaska announced that, as of June 1, any international visitor over age 12 could be vaccinated in Alaska and vaccines would be available at airports for convenience. 45: 1718: 215: 437: 1400: 223: 3111: 122: 3037: 2995: 21578: 1830: 1823: 1837: 595: 3090: 110: 2060: 1412: 3250: 1369: 2953: 1613:—who has been critical of Fauci and COVID-19 restrictions—stated in a press appearance that vaccines were "saving lives" and "reducing mortality" (citing the majority of hospitalizations being unvaccinated individuals), while criticizing mask mandates as displaying a lack of confidence in the efficacy of vaccines. McConnell used campaign funds to purchase radio advertisements in his home state of Kentucky to promote vaccination; the ad features McConnell discussing his childhood battle with 3069: 79: 2932: 2690: 2543: 2291: 2858: 2459: 2564: 2711: 2669: 2648: 2354: 3016: 1997: 2501: 2837: 2480: 1955: 2228: 2732: 2333: 2879: 2375: 1976: 2816: 2606: 2522: 2417: 2312: 2270: 2207: 2123: 2018: 1934: 2900: 2795: 2396: 2144: 2039: 1913: 1871: 1892: 2081: 2627: 2438: 2186: 1594:

clarified that "Facebook isn't killing people, these 12 people are out there giving misinformation. Anyone listening to it is getting hurt by it. It's killing people. It's bad information". He went on to explain that "My hope is that Facebook, instead of taking it personally that somehow I'm saying Facebook is killing people, that they would do something about the misinformation, the outrageous misinformation about the vaccine".

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23, Walensky officially approved the distribution of Pfizer booster doses to certain populations six months after their second dose, including those who are 65 and over, those with underlying conditions, and those who work in high-risk settings. On October 14, 2021, the committee recommended a half-dose booster for the Moderna vaccine among the same populations.

642:. An initial shipment of 2.9 million doses were scheduled to be distributed rapidly, and Pfizer promised to continue supplying the rest of the hundred million doses through March 2021. Pfizer had adequate stocks available and began this distribution on December 17, 2020, but the federal government reduced the amount Pfizer was allowed to distribute. 1773:

mandate on health care workers in institutions receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds was upheld. All federal mandates were lifted when the national emergency was declared to have ended in May 2023. A small number of states have gone in the opposite direction, through executive orders or legislation designed to limit vaccination mandates.

250: 416:, COVID-19 vaccination in the United States has prevented an additional 3.2 million deaths, an additional 18.5 million hospitalizations, and an additional 120 million infections from COVID-19. Vaccination has also prevented an additional $ 899.4 billion in healthcare costs. According to a June 2022 study published in 3236:

validated and do not contain a counterfeit-proof or unique identifier. Asian countries have similar health certificate requirements for entering their territories. The lack of a federal system for checking COVID-19 status has put the United States in a disadvantage compared to nations in Europe and Asia.

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noted that there were two groups of Americans who remained hesitant to get the vaccine, the first group being "a mix of people but tend to be disproportionately white, rural, evangelical Christian and politically conservative" and the second group being "a broad range of people, but tend to be a more

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Safety concerns about the vaccines are a primary factor in vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Most unvaccinated adults are not confident in the safety of the vaccines. While 63% of parents are confident that the vaccines are safe for adults, only about half of those who are confident in safety for adults

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On August 23, 2021, the Pfizer-BioTech vaccine got its full FDA approval, prompting vaccinations to be required for all active duty, reserve, and National Guard troops starting August 25. By the time the vaccination requirement order was sent out, only 68% of active-duty troops were fully vaccinated.

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for employee vaccine appointments (similar to paid time off provided for voting in elections), and called for states to offer $ 100 payments to the newly vaccinated using American Rescue Plan funding as an "extra incentive to boost vaccination rates, protect communities, and save lives." Biden stated

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stated that "inevitably, there will be a time when we'll have to give boosts . What we're doing literally on a weekly and monthly basis is following cohorts of patients to determine if, when and whom should get it. But right now at this moment, other than the immune compromised, we're not going to be

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From early 2020, more than seventy companies worldwide (with five or six operating primarily in the U.S.) began vaccine research. Twenty-eight different vaccines are being worked on and developed using the research provided by those companies. The global competition had national security implications

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within his first hundred days in office, and signed an executive order which increased supplies for vaccination. This goal was met on March 19, 2021. On March 25, 2021, he announced he would increase the goal to 200 million within his first 100 days in office. This goal was reached on April 21, 2021.

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was granted emergency use authorization on February 27, 2021. By April 19, 2021, all U.S. states had opened vaccine eligibility to residents aged 16 and over. On May 10, 2021, the FDA approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for adolescents aged 12 to 15. On August 23, 2021, the FDA granted full approval

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conducts ongoing polling and analysis in a project called the KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor. It considers demographics including age, race, political party, education, and insurance status when examining vaccine hesitancy. A KFF study in December 2020 showed that 27% of the general public, and 29% of

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On August 1, the CDC reported that there had been a 24% week-over-week increase in the number of first doses administered, especially in states with lower vaccination rates. As of August 2, at least 70% of U.S. adults had received at least one vaccine dose. On August 6, the CDC reported that half of

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On May 10, 2021, the FDA granted emergency use authorization for the Pfizer vaccine for use on adolescents aged 12–15, making the United States the second country in the world, after Canada, to do so. On May 12, Director of the CDC Rochelle Walensky approved the recommendation. On May 25, the Biden

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On April 3, more than four million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were reported administered in the past 24 hours, setting a new record and bringing the seven-day average to more than three million a day. As of April 11, more than 187 million vaccine doses have been administered. On April 13, the CDC

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On September 17, 2021, the FDA Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee voted unanimously against recommending that booster doses of the Pfizer vaccine be distributed to the general public, citing the lack of evidence that a third dose is safe for younger populations. On September

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announced that the federal government would take steps to mandate COVID-19 vaccination for certain entities under the authority of the federal government or federal agencies. Most federal mandates thus imposed were either overturned through litigation, or withdrawn by the administration, although a

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On October 20, the White House said it had enough Pfizer-BioNTech pediatric vaccine for every child in the country aged 5–11 and that it expected federal health officials to approve the vaccine within weeks, upon which approval the White House planned to begin distributing the doses. Dr. Fauci said

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The FDA gave full approval to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine on August 23 for patients 16 and older, prompting President Biden to encourage those who had been waiting for full approval to get vaccinated. Anthony Fauci projected that at least 20% of unvaccinated Americans "will now step forward and get

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The U.S. missed Biden's 70% goal by approximately three million residents, or 3%. Only 18 states reached the 70% goal among their local population. Generally, the goal was met for adults 27 and over, but not for younger populations. By early-July 2021, the number of daily COVID-19 cases in the U.S.

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released a joint statement indicating that, pending FDA approval, booster doses for the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines could become generally available by the week of September 20, for those who had received their second dose at least eight months prior. They stated that that protection against severe

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As of early February 2021, states including Florida, California, New York, and Texas were specifically trying to restrict "vaccine tourism": brief visits to the U.S. with the primary intention of obtaining a vaccine. However, contrary to rumors that spread on social media, the United States did not

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By July 4, 2021, 67% of the United States' adult population had received at least one dose, just short of a goal of 70%. This goal was met on August 2, 2021. While vaccines have helped significantly reduce the number of new COVID-19 infections nationwide, states with below-average vaccination rates

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was plotting to use a COVID-19 vaccine to inject microchips into the population. Months after vaccination began, a Monmouth poll conducted April 8–12, 2021, found that two-thirds of Democratic voters had already been vaccinated but only one-third of Republican voters had done so. A Quinnipiac poll

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On September 1, 2021, the U.S. Navy mandated vaccination of all active-duty Navy sailors and U.S. Marines by November 28 and of reservists by December 28. On September 3, 2021, the U.S. Air Force mandated vaccination of all active-duty airmen and U.S. Space Force Guardians by November 2, while Air

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On August 9, 2021, all servicemembers received a memo explaining that, under a plan endorsed by President Biden and by military leadership, COVID-19 vaccination would become mandatory within about a month. About a third of active U.S. military service members had already been vaccinated as of late

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On July 29, President Biden similarly announced that unvaccinated federal employees and on-site contractors will be subject to mandatory social distancing, masks, weekly or bi-weekly COVID-19 testing, and limitations on work travel. Biden cited Delta variant and a "pandemic of the unvaccinated" as

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Over the course of the month, seven states (Arkansas, Mississippi, Ohio, Connecticut, Arizona, Texas, and Georgia) made the vaccine available to all adults, following a period of selective vaccination for elderly and other vulnerable populations. California and Washington announced that all adults

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designation, meaning that final approval of the vaccine would be pursued on an expedited timetable. While priority review processes usually take up to six months, it was expected that the Pfizer vaccine may be approved within weeks. On August 23, the FDA announced that it had formally approved the

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that contain personal information including patient numbers and place of vaccinations are accepted in those European countries where American military personnel are stationed. However, those cards are not immediately transferrable to EU Digital COVID Certificates since CDC cards are not digitally

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The United States passed 600,000 Covid deaths on Tuesday, June 15, more than 200 times higher than the number of lives lost during the attacks of September 11, 2001. By late-June, one-quarter of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. were attributable to the Delta variant. Dr. Fauci warned that vaccination

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of "killing people" by enabling the spread of vaccine misinformation. On July 19, after criticism from Facebook over the comments, Biden stated that they were based on a report suggesting that approximately 12 social media users were responsible for at least 60% of vaccine misinformation, and

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to boost public confidence in the vaccines. Biden stated that Trump "deserve some credit getting this off the ground with Operation Warp Speed", and told the press "It's going to take time, and in the meantime—I don't want to sound a sour note here—but I hope people listen to all the experts."

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Free items included beer, pizza, crawfish, donuts, and french fries. Some sports teams established partnerships to offer vaccine clinics at their venues on game days, with free tickets to games offered to those who use the clinics. Free cannabis was available in Washington State when getting a

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across the country. On June 3, the White House announced additional private-sector partnerships in order to expand targeted outreach and vaccine availability, including an initiative to promote and offer vaccines through Black-owned barber shops throughout June, and a partnership with brewery

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On July 6, Biden announced plans for more targeted outreach in order to reach under-vaccinated populations, such as shifting from larger mass clinics to having wider availability at community locations and events, and going "neighborhood by neighborhood, and oftentimes, door to door—literally

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On February 1, 2021, the Department of Homeland Security said it "fully support equal access to the COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine distribution sites for undocumented immigrants" and that related federal agencies "will not conduct enforcement operations at or near vaccine distribution sites or

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and conspiracy theories (such as falsely claiming that the Biden administration would impose mandatory door-to-door vaccination—an exaggeration of Biden's recently announced plans for targeted outreach), Republican lawmakers attempting to inhibit vaccine outreach, and state laws to prohibit

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The next day, the committee also recommended that a second dose be generally distributed for the Janssen vaccine, at least two months after the first. An FDA analysis cited that a single dose of the vaccine had a consistently lower efficacy in comparison to the mRNA vaccines.

605:, a trade group of all COVID-19 vaccine makers except AstraZeneca, tried to persuade Secretary Azar to publish strict FDA guidelines that would help ensure the safety and public uptake of the vaccine. Politics impacted scientific practice, however, when chief of staff 1550:

found that 86% of self-identified Democrats surveyed had received at least one dose, as opposed to 45% of self-identified Republicans, the 18 states that did reach 70% of first doses by July 4 were all won by Biden during the 2020 election, and a July 8 report by

676:, rejected a shipment of the Janssen vaccine, saying, "Moderna and Pfizer are the best. And I am going to do everything I can to make sure the residents of the city of Detroit get the best." After backlash, Duggan declared he would no longer decline the vaccine. 3535:. Percent of people receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by state or territory for the total population. Hover or click on the states or territories for more info. For data table scroll down to "Data Table for COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States". 1473:

would be eligible for a vaccine starting April 15. Indiana announced that it would make vaccines available to university students and would specifically facilitate the transfer of vaccines to university-based vaccine clinics, including one such clinic at the

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Efforts have been made by private businesses and civic entities to help encourage vaccination. Incentives were promoted via local news, ads, government outreach, and apps. Incentives included time off from work, providing childcare and similar services,

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Massachusetts ran a free lottery for fully vaccinated people, and gave out $ 6.5 million to ten people in the form of cash and scholarships. Ohio ran a similar lottery, Maine gave away hunting licenses, and West Virginia gave away $ 100 savings bonds.

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On April 22, the Biden administration announced that it had achieved its new goal of 200 million vaccine doses administered within its first 100 days. As of April 28, the CDC reported an average of 2.7 million daily vaccinations over the past week.

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stated in a press briefing that "certain people who are immune compromised, such as people who have had an organ transplant and some cancer patients, may not have had an adequate immune response to just two doses of the ." In an interview with

18544: 15125: 1477:. On Day 58 (March 19) of the Biden administration, it achieved its goal of administering 100 million doses within its first 100 days. On March 25, the administration set a new goal of administering 200 million doses in its first 100 days. 1697:

the U.S. population has been fully vaccinated. Several major cities announced or approved plans to restrict access to non-essential indoor locations such as cinemas, restaurants, and other entertainment venues, to those who are vaccinated.

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On March 26, 2021, Ocugen submitted its master file for Covaxin a conventional inactivated vaccine to the FDA. In June the FDA suggested that the company go the longer route to gain full FDA approval instead of emergency use authorization.

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are confident they are safe for ages 12–17 and it is further reduced for even younger age groups. The need for more research for the vaccines is the most stated reason given by parents for not wanting to have their child vaccinated.

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had declined by around 90% since the peak in January. However, cases had also begun to increase in parts of the country with below-average vaccination rates, and hesitancy towards the vaccine had become a partisan issue: a poll by

4150:. The graph on the chart tab at the source is interactive and provides more detail. For example, run your cursor over the graph to see the date and the number vaccinated that day. The actual number may be higher or lower since a 6883: 5461: 21855: 51:

Percent of the total population who are up to date with COVID-19 vaccines. Hover on the states on the map at the source page for exact numbers. Right-click on the source map, and then click "Show as a table" to get all the

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The CDC has issued cards that can be used to track vaccine progress and serve as a proof of vaccination when requested (such as during international travel). States such as California and New York have offered a digital

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and FDA issued a statement recommending a pause in the use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine "out of an abundance of caution" after six women aged 18 through 48 developed a rare and severe type of blood clot called

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outcomes or death "could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout", such as health care workers and seniors.

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was granted emergency use authorization by the FDA for use. However, this vaccine has faced backlash from some government officials, believing it to be not as effective as Pfizer or Moderna. On March 5, the mayor of

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Political leanings are reflected in vaccine hesitancy. Early in the pandemic, before vaccines were available, a poll conducted May 20–21, 2020, found that 44% of Republicans and 19% of Democrats believed a debunked

428:, COVID-19 vaccination in the United States prevented an additional 235,000 deaths, an additional 1.6 million hospitalizations, and an additional 27 million infections from December 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021. 6108: 18571: 21675: 21001: 14203: 11301: 11291: 11281: 3208:

As of April 9, 2021, 39% of U.S. Marines to whom the military offered the vaccine had refused it. The highest rate of refusal was at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, where 57% of Marines had refused the vaccine.

21069: 14373: 11296: 11286: 11276: 5403: 1648:(who praised Biden in an op-ed for "making a huge dent" in the pandemic by embracing and prioritizing the rollout of the "effective vaccine" inherited from the Trump presidency), and conservative commentator 623:(EUA) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the FDA announced that its Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) would review the request. An EUA is a mechanism under the 3188:

had been the fastest to begin vaccination in early 2021. As of April 22, 2021, considering active military personnel who had received at least one dose, the U.S. Navy had the highest percentage at 51%, the

1617:, and stating that the development of multiple safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in such a short time was "nothing short of a modern medical miracle", in comparison to the "decades" it took to develop a 1688:

that "I know that paying people to get vaccinated might sound unfair to folks that have gotten vaccinated already but here's the deal: if incentives help us beat this virus, I believe we should use them."

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blocked the FDA when it was realized that the timing of the provisions would make it impossible for a vaccine to be authorized before the November election. Ultimately, the guidelines emerged from the

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stating that this would "ensure the safety of our service members and promote the readiness of our force, not to mention the health and safety of the communities around the country in which we live."

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In late-July, amid increasing COVID-19 hospitalizations in a number of Republican-led states, some Republican politicians became more vocal in promoting vaccination, including Senate Minority Leader

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authorized the emergency use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for children 5 through 11 years of age. Vice President Harris received her booster shot of the Moderna vaccine on October 30.

21845: 19249: 698:, at least in the near term, given insufficient demand for the vaccines. On that note, many sources are saying the new variants last longer than 14 days, such as those found at home and abroad. 687:

6 he said he would direct states to make all adults eligible for vaccination by April 19. This deadline was met after several states opened up vaccination to everyone 16 and above the same day.

21840: 19735: 19601: 19449: 19154: 18905: 18832: 13863: 13363: 584:. The deal gave the U.S. an option to order an additional two hundred million. The doses were supposed to be provided for free to Americans if they are used in a COVID-19 vaccination campaign. 4832: 20444: 18727: 14626: 13358: 12695: 10223: 10142: 6340:"Ocugen, Inc. Announces Submission of Emergency Use Authorization Request to the US FDA for Investigational COVID-19 Vaccine COVAXIN™ (BBV152) for Children Ages 2-18 Years | Ocugen, Inc" 10976: 21640: 11389: 9923: 6887: 4678: 8650: 7024: 21018: 19911: 19797: 19782: 18854: 18794: 13922: 13806: 11627: 11384: 10063: 9010: 4142:. Click on the chart tab. Then click the download tab, and then the SVG link to get the SVG file. The table tab has a table of the data by date. The sources tab says the data is from the 5290: 514:

States may have intended that vaccines be prioritized for their residents ahead of tourists, but there was some difficulty communicating and enforcing this. Some American adults have no

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all employees who are not yet fully vaccinated for COVID-19. On January 26, 2022, OSHA withdrew the vaccine mandate for companies with more than 100 employees due to a ruling from the

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suggested that hospital workers and nursing home personnel be the first individuals vaccinated. The subsequent phases of the rollout are determined by each individual state agency.

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Despite his involvement in spurring their development via Operation Warp Speed, Trump largely downplayed vaccines during his final months in office, and both Trump and First Lady

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Force reservists had until December 2. On September 14, 2021, the U.S. Army mandated vaccination of all active duty soldiers by December 15 and of reservists by June 30, 2022.

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wrote that the vaccination program was "hitting what appears to be a soft ceiling" as it moved to dealing with the demographic groups where vaccine hesitancy was stronger.

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The U.S. does not issue a federally mandated COVID-19 certificate nor a digital proof that would allow venues to check the vaccine status of participants consistently.

21025: 20761: 19693: 19669: 19618: 19596: 19557: 19545: 19520: 19488: 19478: 19422: 19403: 19354: 19290: 19237: 19203: 19149: 19127: 19025: 19010: 18991: 18932: 18873: 18866: 18774: 18762: 18633: 18628: 18591: 18524: 18447: 14896: 13815: 13771: 13287: 10436: 4912:"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Emergency Use in Adolescents in Another Important Action in Fight Against Pandemic" 3837: 20439: 19676: 19657: 19510: 19461: 19280: 19198: 19176: 19139: 19117: 19086: 19003: 18952: 18942: 18925: 18747: 18608: 18519: 18514: 18502: 18482: 18452: 17198: 15049: 14909: 12743: 11021: 9851: 9647: 8386: 6004: 5404:"Moderna Announces Primary Efficacy Analysis in Phase 3 COVE Study for Its COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate and Filing Today with U.S. FDA for Emergency Use Authorization" 3588: 20915: 5411: 21735: 19777: 19606: 19471: 19256: 19159: 19098: 18981: 18974: 18784: 18722: 18710: 18618: 18529: 15615: 14353: 13475: 12452: 5624: 4756: 14747: 7788: 20469: 19765: 19493: 19466: 19273: 18957: 18661: 14631: 14310: 13943: 13776: 13470: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13222: 12753: 11538: 10952: 10842: 10809: 8173: 7493: 6188: 5848: 3874: 649:

emergency use authorization, which Moderna had requested on November 30, 2020. The U.S. planned to rapidly distribute 5.9 million doses with more to come later.

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On December 10, 2020, the FDA granted emergency use to the Pfizer vaccine. On December 14, 2020, the first vaccine doses were administered. Sandra Lindsay of

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Percent of the total population of all ages by state or territory who completed the COVID-19 vaccination primary series. Booster doses are also recommended.

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offering free transport to vaccine clinic sites, and promotional incentives and discounts being offered to those who present proof of a recent vaccination.

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As of October 2020, 44 were in clinical trials on humans, and 91 pre-clinical vaccines were being tested on animals. Most of these trials were underway.

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On September 9, 2021, President Biden announced plans by the federal government to use executive orders and emergency temporary standards enforced by

21835: 20920: 20353: 17330: 17235: 15044: 14818: 14288: 13272: 13042: 12492: 12350: 12336: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11313: 10957: 10859: 10412: 10369: 10340: 9930: 9841: 9484: 9465: 9376: 9329: 9310: 9221: 9174: 9155: 9066: 8489: 5111:"The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 2020" 4729: 4085:"Estimated Number of COVID-19 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Prevented Among Vaccinated Persons in the US, December 2020 to September 2021" 1474: 8065:"Los Angeles City Council Votes 13-0 To Create Vaccination Requirement For Indoor Public Spaces Such As Restaurants, Movie Theaters, Concert Venues" 6600: 4813: 20403: 19186: 16461: 14608: 14463: 13965: 13526: 13387: 12735: 11728: 10770: 10078: 9460: 9417: 9405: 9305: 9262: 9250: 9150: 9107: 9095: 8372: 7732: 18276: 16767: 7645: 6216: 4463: 4307: 20571: 20528: 20338: 19998: 19993: 19938: 19852: 17486: 16532: 15602: 15039: 14385: 14167: 14035: 14000: 13980: 13759: 12838: 12833: 12477: 11913: 11071: 10889: 10792: 10313: 9453: 9441: 9412: 9400: 9298: 9286: 9257: 9245: 9143: 9131: 9102: 9090: 3963: 3441: 375: 8147: 8008: 4280: 20927: 20796: 17527: 17209: 16487: 15625: 15597: 12725: 12249: 12244: 12162: 11413: 11204: 10760: 10509: 10429: 9856: 9448: 9436: 9429: 9293: 9281: 9274: 9138: 9126: 9119: 8859: 5738:"Ocugen On Track to Submit Emergency Use Authorization Application to U.S. FDA for its COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate, COVAXIN™ | Ocugen, Inc" 4701: 7814: 6488: 526:

allows people to seek medical treatment while within the United States, even if they do not turn out to be eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine.

21725: 21614: 20432: 20080: 17186: 15592: 14505: 13995: 13990: 13953: 13791: 13577: 12925: 11716: 11228: 10782: 10718: 9424: 9269: 9114: 9040: 5318:"The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 2020" 1490:; on April 23, the recommended pause was lifted. By April 19, all U.S. states had made Americans aged 16 and older eligible for vaccination. 6851: 5252: 4436: 21177: 19945: 17414: 17353: 15480: 14543: 14380: 13975: 13825: 13560: 12222: 12026: 11984: 11878: 11756: 11101: 10804: 10389: 7954: 7140: 6905: 6741: 6109:"Walmart Announces More Than $ 700 Million in Additional Associate Bonuses, Tops $ 2.8 Billion in Total Cash Bonuses to Associates in 2020" 1672: 486:

Vaccines were distributed to states on a population basis, with the vaccine rollouts being administered by each individual U.S. state. The

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poll in mid-April 2021 found a rise in vaccine confidence from the previous month, despite the pause of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine.

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have been enacted by numerous states and municipalities in the United States, and also by private entities. In September 2021, President

21825: 7196: 6721:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. May 25, 2021 1726:

on October 24 that it seemed likely that the FDA might approve the vaccine for distribution in early November. On October 29, 2021, The

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found that 86% of self-identified Democrats surveyed had received at least one dose, as opposed to 45% of self-identified Republicans.

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On June 18, the CDC recommended vaccines for children as young as 6 months, with a rollout of these vaccines beginning the week after.

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On March 11, 2021, President Biden announced that he would direct all states to make vaccines available to all adults no later than May

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Food and Drug Administration: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (June 2020).

4358: 1675:. California and New York City announced that all government employees would be subject to weekly testing if they are not vaccinated. 1589:

warned that health-related misinformation was a public health threat. The next day, President Biden accused social networking service

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found that the average vaccination rate in counties that voted for Biden was growing in comparison to those that voted for Trump.

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to mandate the vaccination of all federal branch employees, and require that all companies with more than 100 employees regularly

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On July 26, 2021, a number of organizations announced that they would mandate the vaccination of their employees, including the

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Anti-vaccination rhetoric increased among conservatives, including Republican politicians and right-wing media outlets (such as

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at 27%. By late May 2021, at least 58% of active military personnel had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

21850: 21084: 18389: 18384: 18329: 18324: 16733: 16345: 16265: 16113: 15746: 15522: 15110: 14835: 14126: 14093: 13749: 13480: 13412: 13392: 11957: 11768: 11706: 11511: 11118: 11061: 11031: 11016: 10924: 6306: 5821: 3788: 3528: 3500: 1583: 1439: 764: 591:(CDC) released their outline for how the COVID-19 vaccine would be administered and distributed across the entire country. 331: 6769: 6387: 6012: 5291:"FDA Takes Additional Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for Second COVID-19 Vaccine" 5198:"FDA's Covid-19 vaccine authorization is a 'monumental moment', expert says. It came on the deadliest day of the pandemic" 1717: 569:

shifted its focus nearly entirely to the pandemic, anticipated in early 2020 that a vaccine could be ready by early 2021.

21820: 21730: 21680: 21037: 20380: 20328: 20236: 20195: 20180: 18379: 18319: 17230: 17225: 17215: 16668: 16577: 16436: 16295: 14515: 14267: 13669: 13397: 13207: 13098: 13052: 13032: 12806: 12550: 10996: 10671: 10573: 10469: 10245: 10188: 9642: 5226:"States report confusion as government reduces vaccine shipments, while Pfizer says it has 'millions' of unclaimed doses" 1702: 1527:—who pledged in a promotional campaign to offer a "free beer" to all adults over 21 if the country met Biden's 70% goal. 14116: 8120: 1844:

Number of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Also, the percentage by state or territory.

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A number of conservative commentators also abruptly made statements in support of vaccination, including Fox News hosts

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have a policy of cancelling visas or imposing fines on tourists who sought vaccination. Diplomats pointed out that the

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disparities could lead to "two Americas" where less vaccinated U.S. populations were at much higher risk of COVID-19.

21800: 21715: 21690: 21607: 21182: 21102: 20831: 20738: 20241: 20231: 20224: 20219: 20185: 16684: 16658: 16441: 16431: 16386: 15688: 14943: 14681: 14553: 13657: 13103: 13093: 13081: 13076: 13037: 12524: 12345: 12121: 11607: 11199: 11056: 11041: 10899: 10765: 10494: 10230: 10097: 10006: 9887: 9803: 8998: 8036: 7522: 4785: 3709: 3611:"Adults in all U.S. states are now eligible for vaccination, hitting Biden's target. Half have had at least one dose" 8651:"New Yahoo News/YouGov poll shows coronavirus conspiracy theories spreading on the right may hamper vaccine efforts" 6236: 4883: 4757:"Johnson & Johnson reaches deal with U.S. for 100 million doses of coronavirus vaccine at more than $ 1 billion" 3181:

April; and about two-thirds (73% of all service members) had already been vaccinated by the time the memo was sent.

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Timeline of daily COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the U.S. See the latest date on the timeline at the bottom.

214: 21765: 21700: 21670: 21645: 20624: 20358: 20121: 20010: 18425: 18124: 17618: 17432: 17420: 17342: 17119: 16694: 16552: 16492: 16451: 16411: 16350: 16320: 16305: 16285: 16275: 16260: 16255: 15911: 14847: 14708: 14538: 13678: 13437: 13088: 12966: 12850: 12636: 12601: 12437: 12385: 12254: 12090: 10854: 10787: 10653: 10648: 10578: 10568: 10303: 10156: 10151: 9964: 9742: 9670: 8814: 8678: 7401: 6572: 4139: 1802: 1680: 1503: 1487: 278: 8412: 7676: 5499: 5088:"FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine" 5050: 436: 21775: 21705: 21685: 20494: 20156: 20151: 19988: 17456: 17444: 17336: 17220: 16772: 16620: 16608: 16582: 16557: 16542: 16527: 16522: 16512: 16502: 16497: 16482: 16466: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16270: 16245: 16226: 16067: 15810: 15713: 15708: 15577: 14730: 13718: 13652: 13407: 13008: 13003: 12828: 12773: 12631: 12575: 12570: 12487: 12314: 12116: 11947: 11829: 11814: 11701: 11668: 11592: 11096: 11001: 10986: 10693: 10628: 10608: 10489: 10308: 10291: 10260: 10102: 10092: 10045: 10040: 9902: 9892: 9793: 9737: 9720: 9695: 9617: 8945: 7429: 6160: 5225: 3354: 1033: 610: 12519: 11824: 9710: 8730: 1289: Population who are fully vaccinated, but haven't received an additional booster shot: 115,364,980 (34.75%) 21720: 21710: 21655: 21650: 20782: 20703: 20665: 20305: 20246: 20116: 20065: 18237: 17998: 17661: 16689: 16630: 16613: 16603: 16572: 16562: 16547: 16517: 16507: 16456: 16446: 16426: 16396: 16371: 16250: 16237: 14924: 14864: 14725: 14664: 13636: 13521: 13339: 13172: 13108: 12961: 12910: 12668: 12661: 12641: 12195: 12157: 11942: 11543: 10735: 10698: 10633: 10618: 10588: 10546: 10541: 10347: 10176: 10122: 9700: 8536:"Transforming COVID-19 vaccines into vaccination : Challenges and opportunities for management scientists" 6884:"Everyone 16+ in Ohio can now schedule for COVID-19 vaccine if slots are available, Gov. Mike DeWine announces" 4999:"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Announces Advisory Committee Meeting to Discuss COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate" 4002: 3507:. Run your cursor over the map to see the dates and data for each state. "The data on this page is courtesy of 3116: 1502:

On May 4, 2021, Biden announced a new target of having at least 70% of U.S. adults receive one vaccine dose by

371: 359: 302: 127: 14121: 6866:"UPDATE: Mississippi State extends vaccine distribution criteria in accordance with Gov. Reeves' announcement" 5959: 5462:"Trump Administration purchases additional 100 million doses of COVID-19 investigational vaccine from Moderna" 4937:"Pfizer and BioNTech to Submit Emergency Use Authorization Request Today to the U.S. FDA for COVID-19 Vaccine" 3610: 3314:

In January 2021, approximately one third of the population was concerned the vaccine might be made mandatory.

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By June 2021, the pace of vaccination had begun to decrease, amid increasing spread of the highly-infectious

15147: 11802: 7283: 3810:"Biden sets new Covid vaccine goal of 200 million shots within his first 100 days: 'I believe we can do it'" 1721:

A poster on a Massachusetts train station offering COVID-19 vaccines for children 5 through 11 years of age.

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justification for the measures. He also announced that the federal government planned to use funds from the

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On August 12, 2021, the FDA amended the EUA for the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines in order to allow a third,

327: 8841: 4252: 3546: 20745: 20731: 20682: 20561: 20207: 20141: 20097: 20055: 20030: 19973: 18112: 17646: 17305: 17041: 15235: 14813: 14713: 13599: 13543: 13319: 13242: 13064: 12986: 12942: 12900: 12875: 12801: 12673: 12651: 12626: 12326: 12289: 12111: 12078: 12038: 11969: 11937: 11925: 11868: 11809: 11763: 11711: 11696: 11663: 11646: 11614: 11516: 11408: 11247: 11216: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11113: 11006: 10683: 10623: 10603: 10563: 10551: 10320: 10171: 10050: 9954: 9815: 9788: 9768: 9752: 9715: 9557: 8283:"FDA Authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Emergency Use in Children 5 through 11 Years of Age" 7618:"Surgeon general issues warning over vaccine misinformation as White House turns up the heat on Facebook" 7284:"Fauci warns there may soon be 'two Americas' as divide widens between vaccinated and unvaccinated areas" 3504: 3288:

In December 2020 a Gallup poll found that 63% of Americans were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

3150: 1668: 1322: 620: 89: 5791: 4164:

Bertsimas D, Boussioux L, Cory-Wright R, Delarue A, Digalakis V, Jacquillat A, et al. (June 2021).

3415:"Interior Applauds Inclusion of Insular Areas through Operation Warp Speed to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines" 1705:

was preparing guidance requiring the vaccination of military members for COVID-19, with press secretary

1399: 21142: 20251: 20070: 20035: 17819: 17626: 17248: 17168: 17162: 17036: 17008: 16968: 16108: 15859: 15214: 14779: 13619: 13555: 13314: 13299: 13277: 13257: 13113: 12915: 12880: 12514: 12422: 12357: 12021: 12001: 11952: 11920: 11479: 11233: 11211: 11194: 11125: 10904: 10894: 10504: 10484: 10479: 10379: 10357: 10330: 10272: 10240: 10235: 10196: 10161: 10137: 10127: 9979: 9907: 9882: 9861: 9690: 9632: 9612: 9607: 9602: 8938: 6545:"FDA panel unanimously recommends J&J Covid booster shots to adults who already got the first dose" 5375: 4596:

Yamamoto V, Bolanos JF, Fiallos J, Strand SE, Morris K, Shahrokhinia S, et al. (January 1, 2020).

3508: 3190: 1301: Population who are fully vaccinated and received two additional booster shots: 25,623,483 (7.72%) 347: 8093:"San Francisco to become first major U.S. city to mandate full vaccination for many indoor activities" 4963: 1295: Population who are fully vaccinated and received an additional booster shot: 85,212,292 (25.67%) 21030: 20343: 20268: 20190: 20050: 17938: 17180: 17094: 16998: 16745: 16016: 15475: 14676: 13609: 13267: 13237: 13227: 13135: 13047: 12895: 12870: 12545: 12395: 11184: 11152: 11147: 10725: 10025: 10011: 9974: 9846: 8920: 5467: 4673: 3345:

At the end of November 2022, "only about 13% of those eligible ha received an updated booster dose."

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Pfizer vaccine for individuals 16 and over. It remains subject to EUA for individuals aged 12 to 15.

222: 6035:"Clinics across Massachusetts offering $ 75 gift cards for COVID vaccines and boosters - CBS Boston" 5025:"Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee December 10, 2020 Meeting Announcement" 4964:"Exclusive: Pfizer CEO Discusses Submitting the First COVID-19 Vaccine Clearance Request to the FDA" 3516: 3512: 3342:

diverse and urban group, including many younger people, Black and Latino Americans, and Democrats."

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people have been fully vaccinated (both doses of Pfizer–BioNTech or Moderna, or one dose of Janssen)

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conducted on the same dates found that 45% of Republicans said they did not plan to be vaccinated.

3281: 3000: 1552: 1547: 905: 858: 720: 664: 384: 339: 335: 290: 173: 6322:"CDC clears Novavax Covid-19 vaccine for adults, says shots will be available in the coming weeks" 5435:"FDA approves second Covid vaccine for emergency use as it clears Moderna's for U.S. distribution" 5109:

Oliver SE, Gargano JW, Marin M, Wallace M, Curran KG, Chamberland M, et al. (December 2020).

4833:"The F.D.A. has released stricter guidelines for vaccine developers after a holdup at White House" 3682:"FDA grants full approval to Pfizer-BioNTech's Covid shot, clearing path to more vaccine mandates" 3568:"FDA approves second Covid vaccine for emergency use as it clears Moderna's for U.S. distribution" 21157: 21122: 21074: 20859: 20523: 18294: 17950: 17480: 17390: 16988: 16973: 16953: 16808: 16179: 16021: 15937: 15698: 15464: 14852: 14840: 14830: 14757: 14752: 14701: 14696: 14525: 14471: 8097: 7197:"CDC OKs Pfizer's Covid vaccine for use in adolescents, clearing way for shots to begin Thursday" 5316:

Oliver SE, Gargano JW, Marin M, Wallace M, Curran KG, Chamberland M, et al. (January 2021).

4581: 4496: 3838:"'We did it': Biden celebrates U.S. hitting milestone of 200 million doses in his first 100 days" 3194: 1567: 5625:"Detroit Mayor Duggan walks back comments, now says he'll welcome Johnson & Johnson vaccine" 206: 21132: 20660: 18201: 16978: 16930: 16901: 16848: 14869: 14686: 7494:"Misinformation, vaccine accessibility hurdles result in hundreds of COVID-19 deaths each week" 7469:"'Make polio great again'?: Americans outraged as Tennessee abandons vaccine outreach to teens" 26: 7316:"Biden didn't "fall short" of July 4 vaccination goal — he was sabotaged by Republican trolls" 5596:"Detroit mayor declines Johnson & Johnson allotment, saying the other vaccines are better" 4225:"Vaccine passports: How to prove you've gotten your COVID-19 shots for travel and avoid scams" 3937: 387:

by July 2021, which led to an increased push by organizations and companies to begin imposing

21112: 20972: 18046: 17761: 17003: 16828: 15620: 15330: 15315: 15283: 15245: 15132: 14789: 14774: 14718: 8703: 7141:"Biden's new Covid vaccination goal is for 70% of adults to have at least one shot by July 4" 7029: 6770:"Joe Biden receives Covid vaccine on live television, encourages Americans to get inoculated" 4598:"COVID-19: Review of a 21st Century Pandemic from Etiology to Neuro-psychiatric Implications" 3232: 3226: 1653: 7063: 6288:"Washington announces cannabis giveaway in state-approved 'joint for jabs' vaccine campaign" 6134: 3964:"Two Years of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths" 20724: 20449: 18130: 18052: 17866: 17151: 17114: 17109: 15836: 15790: 15609: 15527: 15502: 15415: 15093: 14986: 14961: 14654: 12497: 11325: 8206: 7959: 7903: 7847: 7765: 7709: 7256:"Health officials turn to barber shops, hair salons as possible Covid-19 vaccination sites" 5936: 5882: 2065: 1706: 1450: 1416: 1283: Population who have received only one dose of a two-dose vaccine: 38,910,734 (11.72%) 573: 355: 3737:"COVID-19: US president Joe Biden signs 10 executive orders to curb spread of coronavirus" 8: 21152: 20870: 20499: 19844: 18070: 17926: 17878: 17145: 16800: 16189: 15927: 15874: 15660: 15490: 15100: 14808: 14764: 12778: 8911: 8308: 8234: 7406: 7009: 5853: 5822:"Fact-checking Republicans' false narratives around Biden's door-to-door vaccine efforts" 5655: 5230: 4083:

Steele MK, Couture A, Reed C, Iuliano D, Whitaker M, Fast H, et al. (July 6, 2022).

3998:"Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study" 3897:"Federal Register :: COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing; Emergency Temporary Standard" 3710:"Biden unveils Covid-19 plan based on 'science not politics' as he signs new initiatives" 3651: 3445: 3326: 1542: 1446: 21592: 18094: 5253:""We are not perfect": General apologizes for "miscommunication" over vaccine shipments" 3263:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

21305: 21064: 20881: 20803: 20689: 17831: 15903: 15517: 15199: 14669: 14476: 11330: 8846: 8796: 8735: 8560: 8535: 8069: 8009:"U.S. reaches 70% Covid vaccine milestone for adults about a month behind Biden's goal" 7789:"Sean Hannity distances himself from any kind of responsible COVID-19 vaccine position" 7527: 7434: 7050: 7025:"U.S. Recommends Pausing Use of Johnson & Johnson Vaccine Over Blood Clot Concerns" 6573:"FDA advisers recommend J&J Covid-19 vaccine boosters, talk mix and match boosters" 6388:"FDA authorizes additional Covid-19 vaccine doses for certain immunocompromised people" 5964: 5761: 5565: 5380: 5357: 5344: 5317: 5166: 5137: 5110: 5055: 4888: 4837: 4790: 4651: 4622: 4597: 4257: 4200: 4177: 4165: 4117: 4100: 4032: 3615: 3551: 3369: 3307: 3202: 3185: 2842: 632: 16760: 8230:"White House unveils plans to roll out coronavirus vaccines for children ages 5 to 11" 6920:"All Georgians over age of 16 eligible to receive COVID-19 vaccines starting Thursday" 6489:"The leader of CDC just made a rare call to allow Covid booster shots for more people" 5708:"All U.S. adults now eligible for COVID-19 vaccine, meeting Biden's April 19 deadline" 4015: 21549: 21489: 21330: 20789: 20775: 20696: 20427: 18408: 18211: 17920: 17860: 17656: 17641: 17474: 17242: 17104: 15179: 14981: 14929: 14088: 13906: 9030: 8961: 8851: 8800: 8788: 8740: 8565: 7532: 7439: 7055: 6942: 6712:"Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19. Guidance for Industry" 6605: 5969: 5766: 5687:"Biden moves deadline for all US adults to be eligible for Covid vaccine to April 19" 5660: 5570: 5361: 5349: 5171: 5142: 4627: 4501: 4205: 4122: 4104: 4084: 4037: 4019: 3620: 3297: 1761: 1645: 1316: 1312: 495: 424: 413: 363: 298: 21504: 18076: 17696: 14045: 7925: 7228:"Analysis: 'Get a shot and have a beer': Biden's new strategy woos vaccine skeptics" 5906:"When will COVID-19 vaccines be fully approved—and does it matter whether they are?" 3589:"FDA Approves Johnson & Johnson Vaccine, Another Valuable Tool Against Covid-19" 21554: 21453: 21310: 21300: 21280: 20875: 20768: 18118: 17980: 17890: 17872: 17598: 17311: 16789: 15764: 15552: 15440: 15375: 15340: 15189: 15105: 12048: 8778: 8555: 8547: 7677:"McConnell cites experience with polio in ad pushing Kentuckians to get vaccinated" 6444: 5339: 5329: 5132: 5122: 4617: 4609: 4308:"DHS Statement on Equal Access to COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccine Distribution Sites" 4195: 4187: 4112: 4096: 4027: 4011: 3971: 3364: 3095: 2958: 2527: 1701:

vaccinated" due to the approval. With the approval, it was also announced that the

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As of May 2021, most experts thought the United States would be unable to achieve

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COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE)

3762:"100 Million Shots In 100 Days: Is Biden's COVID-19 Vaccination Goal Achievable?" 1829: 1822: 1598: 1411: 1268:

Total number of people who have received vaccinations in the United States as of

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Thomas K, LaFraniere S, Weiland N, Goodnough A, Haberman M (December 12, 2020).

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knocking on doors—to get help to the remaining people protected from the virus"

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Watson OJ, Barnsley G, Toor J, Hogan AB, Winskill P, Ghani AC (June 23, 2022).

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On March 12, 2021, the United States surpassed 100 million doses administered.

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received her first dose of the Moderna vaccine on December 29, also in public.

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publicly received his first dose of the Pfizer vaccine during a media event at

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On November 20, 2020, the Pfizer–BioNTech partnership submitted a request for

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Senior citizens await COVID-19 vaccine at a Maryland pharmacy in January 2021.

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In preparation for large-scale production, Congress set aside more than $ 3.5

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of the United States population has received at least one dose of a vaccine

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Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

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began to see increasing numbers of cases credited to the highly infectious

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Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases

8731:"Nation Faces 'Hand-to-Hand Combat' to Get Reluctant Americans Vaccinated" 8174:"Why Pfizer's FDA Approval Matters And What It Means For Vaccine Mandates" 6657:"Mike Pence receives Covid-19 vaccine on live TV: 'I didn't feel a thing'" 5960:"F.D.A. Aims to Give Final Approval to Pfizer Vaccine by Early Next Month" 21514: 21484: 21438: 21408: 21393: 21363: 21335: 21255: 21245: 21225: 18181: 18160: 18100: 17962: 17741: 17706: 17666: 17593: 16876: 16853: 16833: 16755: 16134: 16047: 15815: 15703: 15642: 15400: 15360: 15335: 15320: 15298: 14951: 13766: 8783: 8766: 8490:"94%: In Air Force, Vaccine Reluctance Falls Away as Deadline Approaches" 8440:"Secretary of Defense Mandates COVID-19 Vaccinations for Service Members" 7705:"DeSantis urges public to get vaccinated: These shots are 'saving lives'" 7646:"Biden on Facebook: 'They're killing people' with vaccine misinformation" 5932:"How 'waiting for full FDA approval' was weaponized by vaccine opponents" 4557: 3927:"21A244 National Federation of Independent Business v. OSHA (01/13/2022)" 3865:"Biden announces sweeping vaccine mandates affecting millions of workers" 3842: 3318: 3021: 2359: 2002: 1649: 1625: 1602: 673: 639: 14919: 8517:"Vaccine passports underscore the necessity of U.S. privacy legislation" 8324:"Pentagon Issues COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate For All U.S. Military Members" 4411:"Estados Unidos no les canceló visas a latinos que viajaron a vacunarse" 21534: 21524: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21368: 21358: 21295: 21270: 20614: 20538: 18287:

Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision

17992: 17781: 17721: 17711: 17676: 16843: 16207: 16087: 15844: 15542: 15420: 15405: 15115: 14996: 14971: 8981: 8655: 8387:"DOD Seeing Encouraging COVID-19 Vaccination Rates, Health Leaders Say" 8121:"New York City will require vaccines for entry to restaurants and gyms" 5757:"Reaching 'Herd Immunity' Is Unlikely in the U.S., Experts Now Believe" 5651:"Biden directs states to make all adults eligible for vaccine by May 1" 4613: 4166:"From predictions to prescriptions: A data-driven response to COVID-19" 4056:"COVID-19 vaccines saved nearly 20 million lives in a year, study says" 3975: 3962:

Fitzpatrick MC, Moghadas SM, Pandey A, Galvani AP (December 13, 2022).

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administration announced that 50% of adults had been fully vaccinated.

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On July 16, the FDA approved a request by Pfizer to give its vaccine a

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on December 10, 2020, and mass vaccinations began four days later. The

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was granted emergency use authorization on December 17, 2020, and the

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United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

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Stanley-Becker I, Abutaleb Y, Sun LH, Dawsey J (December 17, 2020).

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On December 11, the FDA granted emergency use authorization for the

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COVID-19 vaccine incentives include $ 1M, full college scholarships

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