Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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she said: "For 75 years, CDC and public health have been preparing for COVID-19, and in our big moment, our performance did not reliably meet expectations." Based on the findings of an internal report, Walensky concluded that "The CDC must refocus itself on public health needs, respond much faster to emergencies and outbreaks of disease, and provide information in a way that ordinary people and state and local health authorities can understand and put to use" (as summarized by the New York Times).

445: 9580: 1587: 43: 1438: 1397: 1357: 1237: 8680: 1277: 472:(FETP) in 1980, training more than 18,000 disease detectives in over 80 countries. In 2020, FETP celebrated the 40th anniversary of the CDC's support for Thailand's Field Epidemiology Training Program. Thailand was the first FETP site created outside of North America and is found in numerous countries, reflecting CDC's influence in promoting this model internationally. The Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network ( 1737:(WHO) as well as ministries of health and other groups on the front lines of outbreaks. The agency maintains staff in more than 60 countries, including some from the U.S. but more from the countries in which they operate. The agency's global divisions include the Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT), the Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM), the Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), and the Global Immunization Division (GID). 1459: 2235:, and specifically the Trump administration's handling of the pandemic, resulted in a "dangerous shift" according to a previous CDC director and others. Four previous directors claim that the agency's voice was "muted for political reasons." Politicization of the agency has continued into the Biden administration as COVID-19 guidance is contradicted by State guidance and the agency is criticized as "CDC's credibility is eroding". 1257: 1217: 1015: 6699: 1797:(VAERS), a national vaccine safety surveillance program run by CDC and the FDA. "VAERS detects possible safety issues with U.S. vaccines by collecting information about adverse events (possible side effects or health problems) after vaccination." The CDC's Safety Information by Vaccine page provides a list of the latest safety information, side effects, and answers to common questions about CDC recommended vaccines. 8704: 1499: 8692: 9592: 993:(EIS) is composed of "boots-on-the-ground disease detectives" who investigate public health problems domestically and globally. When called upon by a governmental body, EIS officers may embark on short-term epidemiological assistance assignments, or "Epi-Aids", to provide technical expertise in containing and investigating disease outbreaks. The EIS program is a model for the international 691: 6622: 2323:. The team realized that a campaign like this would most likely reach a different audience from the one that normally pays attention to hurricane-preparedness warnings and went to work on the zombie campaign, launching it right before hurricane season began. "The whole idea was, if you're prepared for a zombie apocalypse, you're prepared for pretty much anything," said Daigle. 4635:

Chen, R. T.; Glasser, J. W.; Rhodes, P. H.; Davis, R. L.; Barlow, W. E.; Thompson, R. S.; Mullooly, J. P.; Black, S. B.; Shinefield, H. R.; Vadheim, C. M.; Marcy, S. M.; Ward, J. I.; Wise, R. P.; Wassilak, S. G.; Hadler, S. C. (June 1, 1997). "Vaccine Safety Datalink Project: A New Tool for Improving

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million within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in FY 2014 along with sufficient new taxes at the National Institutes of Health to support research into the causes and prevention of violence. Furthermore, we urge Members to oppose any efforts to reduce, eliminate, or condition CDC

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tried to delay, suppress, change, and retroactively edit MMR releases about the effectiveness of potential treatments for COVID-19, the transmissibility of the virus, and other issues where the president had taken a public stance. Alexander tried unsuccessfully to get personal approval of all issues

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On August 17, 2022, Dr. Walensky said the CDC would make drastic changes in the wake of mistakes during the COVID-19 pandemic. She outlined an overhaul of how the CDC would analyze and share data and how they would communicate information to the general public. In her statement to all CDC employees,

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Within the division are two programs: the Federal Select Agent Program (FSAP) and the Import Permit Program. The FSAP is run jointly with an office within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, regulating agents that can cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. The Import Permit Program regulates

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According to David Daigle, the associate director for Communications, Public Health Preparedness and Response, the idea arose when his team was discussing their upcoming hurricane-information campaign and Daigle mused that "we say pretty much the same things every year, in the same way, and I just

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of the NIH. Objections by other experts at the CDC went unheard. Officials said that a CDC document in July arguing for "the importance of reopening schools" was also crafted outside the CDC. On August 16, the chief of staff, Kyle McGowan, and his deputy, Amanda Campbell, resigned from the agency.

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reported that the CDC was conflating the results of two different types of coronavirus tests — tests that diagnose current coronavirus infections, and tests that measure whether someone has ever had the virus. The magazine said this distorted several important metrics, provided the country with an

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Twenty directors have served the CDC or its predecessor agencies, including three who have served during the Trump administration (including Anne Schuchat who twice served as acting director) and three who have served during the Carter administration (including one acting director not shown here).

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effective October 14, 1980, as the modern organization of having multiple constituent centers was established. By 1990, it had four centers formed in the 1980s: the Center for Infectious Diseases, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Center for Environmental Health and

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in 1993 entitled "Guns are a Risk Factor for Homicide in the Home", reported "mere presence of a gun in a home increased the risk of a firearm-related death by 2.7 percent, and suicide fivefold—a "huge" increase." In response, the NRA launched a "campaign to shut down the Injury Center." Two

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showed that Alexander requested multiple alterations in a report. The published alterations included a title being changed from "Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults" to "Persons." One current and two former CDC officials who reviewed the email exchanges said they were troubled by the

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The CDC is organized into "Centers, Institutes, and Offices" (CIOs), with each organizational unit implementing the agency's activities in a particular area of expertise while also providing intra-agency support and resource-sharing for cross-cutting issues and specific health threats.

1804:(VSD) works with a network of healthcare organizations to share data on vaccine safety and adverse events. The Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) project is a network of vaccine experts and health centers that research and assist the CDC in the area of vaccine safety. 2123:

The New York Times later concluded that the CDC's decisions to "ben to political pressure from the Trump White House to alter key public health guidance or withhold it from the public cost it a measure of public trust that experts say it still has not recaptured" as of 2022.

2334:(or apocalypse of any kind), to be judged by the "CDC Zombie Task Force". Submissions were open until October 11, 2011. They also released a zombie-themed graphic novella available on their website. Zombie-themed educational materials for teachers are available on the site. 2120:, the CDC advised Americans not to travel for the holiday saying, "It's not a requirement. It's a recommendation for the American public to consider." The White House coronavirus task force had its first public briefing in months on that date but travel was not mentioned. 1956:

and five CDC colleagues founded the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, with an annual budget of approximately $ 260,000. They focused on "identifying causes of firearm deaths, and methods to prevent them". Their first report, published in the

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to support the mission of CDC in partnership with the private sector, including organizations, foundations, businesses, educational groups, and individuals. From 1995 to 2022, the Foundation raised over $ 1.6 billion and launched more than 1,200 health programs.

2093:. Some health experts opposed the order and warned that the data might become politicized or withheld from the public. On July 15, the CDC alarmed health care groups by temporarily removing COVID-19 dashboards from its website. It restored the data a day later. 2203:

A poll conducted in September 2020 found that nearly 8 in 10 Americans trusted the CDC, a decrease from 87 percent in April 2020. Another poll showed an even larger drop in trust with the results dropping 16 percentage points. By January 2022, according to an

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when the Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter, Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in 1963 the Immunization program was established.

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In May 2021, following criticism by scientists, the CDC updated its COVID-19 guidance to acknowledge airborne transmission of COVID-19, after having previously claimed that the majority of infections occurred via "close contact, not airborne transmission".

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In October 2020, it was disclosed that White House advisers had repeatedly altered the writings of CDC scientists about COVID-19, including recommendations on church choirs, social distancing in bars and restaurants, and summaries of public-health reports.

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The CDC also operates the Public Health Associate Program (PHAP), a two-year paid fellowship for recent college graduates to work in public health agencies all over the United States. PHAP was founded in 2007 and currently has 159 associates in 34 states.

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poll, only 44% of Americans trusted the CDC compared to 69% at the beginning of the pandemic. As the trustworthiness eroded, so too did the information it disseminates. The diminishing level of trust in the CDC and the information releases also incited

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The Office of Public Health Preparedness was created during the 2001 anthrax attacks shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Its purpose was to coordinate among the government the response to a range of biological terrorism threats.

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that the problem would be quickly solved, according to White House officials. It took about three weeks to sort out the failed test kits, which may have been contaminated during their processing in a CDC lab. Later investigations by the FDA and the

1972:(R) Arkansas introduced the Dickey Amendment statement stating "none of the funds available for injury prevention and control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate or promote gun control" as a rider. in the 1996 1042:, with the latter method typically being used. The director serves at the pleasure of the President and may be fired at any time. On January 20, 2025, the CDC Director position will change to require Senate confirmation, due to a provision in the 435:

control, which had been a problem in areas where he went hunting. The same year, the PHS transferred its San Francisco based plague laboratory into the CDC as the Epidemiology Division, and a new Veterinary Diseases Division was established.

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In September 2020, the CDC drafted an order requiring masks on all public transportation in the United States, but the White House Coronavirus Task Force blocked the order, refusing to discuss it, according to two federal health officials.

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reported that an internal review document they obtained revealed that the CDC was aware that the first batch of tests which were issued in early January had a chance of being wrong 33 percent of the time, but they released them anyway.

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The CDC's programs address more than 400 diseases, health threats, and conditions that are major causes of death, disease, and disability. The CDC's website has information on various infectious (and noninfectious) diseases, including

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appended the words "and Prevention" to the name effective October 27, 1992. However, Congress directed that the initialism CDC be retained because of its name recognition. Since the 1990s, the CDC focus has broadened to include

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was discovered in the U.S. on January 20, 2020. However, widespread COVID-19 testing in the United States was effectively stalled until February 28, when federal officials revised a faulty CDC test, and days afterward, when the

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invasion. While the article did not claim that such a scenario was possible, it did use the popular culture appeal as a means of urging citizens to prepare for all potential hazards, such as earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods.

1770:, which is commonly known as the "yellow book." The book is available online and in print as a new edition every other year and includes current travel health guidelines, vaccine recommendations, and information on specific 2195:"intervention to alter scientific reports viewed as untouchable prior to the Trump administration" that "appeared to minimize the risks of the coronavirus to children by making the report's focus on children less clear." 1921:. In the study, which lasted from 1932 to 1972, a group of Black men (nearly 400 of whom had syphilis) were studied to learn more about the disease. The disease was left untreated in the men, who had not given their 5312: 9143: 418:

for 15 acres (61,000 m) of land on Clifton Road in DeKalb County, still the home of CDC headquarters as of 2019. CDC employees collected the money to make the purchase. The benefactor behind the "gift" was

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Holshue, Michelle L.; DeBolt, Chas; Lindquist, Scott; Lofy, Kathy H.; Wiesman, John; Bruce, Hollianne; Spitters, Christopher; Ericson, Keith; Wilkerson, Sara; Tural, Ahmet; Diaz, George (March 5, 2020).

2220:, said of Redfield that "I find it concerning that the CDC director has not been outspoken when there have been instances of clear political interference in the interpretation of science." In addition, 1889:

An annual prize first awarded in 1992 that "recognizes an individual who has made major accomplishments in health improvement and with the general criteria of the greatest good for the greatest number".

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had little benefit as a treatment while Trump was saying the opposite. In emails Alexander accused CDC scientists of attempting to "hurt the president" and writing "hit pieces on the administration".

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associate editor Jeanne Lenzer raised concerns that the CDC's recommendations and publications may be influenced by donations received through the Foundation, which includes pharmaceutical companies.

6886: 6626: 9632: 8856: 588:. In May 1994 the CDC admitted having sent samples of communicable diseases to the Iraqi government from 1984 through 1989 which were subsequently repurposed for biological warfare, including 5439: 3959: 2152:

over COVID-19 information and discussion on the platforms, including information that the CDC considered false or misleading and that might influence people not to get the COVID-19 vaccines.

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interviewers that CDC senior leaders took a cautious stance in their interpretation of the Dickey Amendment and that they could do more but were afraid of political and personal retribution.

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Globally, the CDC works with other organizations to address global health challenges and contain disease threats at their source. They work with many international organizations such as the

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In August 2020, the CDC recommended that people showing no COVID-19 symptoms do not need testing. The new guidelines alarmed many public health experts. The guidelines were crafted by the

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Caputo claimed this oversight was necessary because MMWR reports were being tainted by "political content"; he demanded to know the political leanings of the scientists who reported that

496: 1945:, states "none of the funds available for injury prevention and control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate or promote gun control". Advocates for 6814: 2031: 1937:

An area of partisan dispute related to CDC funding is studying firearms effectiveness. Although the CDC was one of the first government agencies to study gun related data, in 1996 the

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CDC also runs a program called V-safe, a smartphone web application that allows COVID-19 vaccine recipients to be surveyed in detail about their health in response to getting the shot.

4293: 1747:, an agreement between 196 countries to prevent, control, and report on the international spread of disease, through initiatives including the Global Disease Detection Program (GDD). 5175: 9510: 9487: 6590: 6807: 307: 113: 5361: 5053: 9642: 7185: 6864: 4826: 3479: 639:

The city of Atlanta annexed the property of the CDC headquarters effective January 1, 2018, as a part of the city's largest annexation within a period of 65 years; the

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in the Russian Federation. In 2014, the CDC revealed they had discovered several misplaced smallpox samples while their lab workers were "potentially infected" with

9338: 5038:... none of the funds available for injury prevention and control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate or promote gun control. 1685:

As a response to the 2014 Ebola outbreak, Congress passed a Continuing Appropriations Resolution allocating $ 30,000,000 towards CDC's efforts to fight the virus.

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officers) in 170 occupations. Eighty percent held bachelor's degrees or higher; almost half had advanced degrees (a master's degree or a doctorate such as a PhD,

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In September 2020, amid the accusations and the faltering image of the CDC, the agency's leadership was called into question. Former acting director at the CDC,

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formally announced the reorganization of CDC to "confront the challenges of 21st-century health threats". She established four Coordinating Centers. In 2009 the

5153: 4032: 362:. The Rockefeller Foundation greatly supported malaria control, sought to have the governments take over some of its efforts, and collaborated with the agency. 9657: 9551: 9497: 6928: 3506: 2481: 935: 266:

in the US and worldwide. The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on

6955: 6830: 5963: 2090: 2066: 861: 753: 521: 248: 202: 5839: 9617: 6855: 5333: 5101: 9612: 9449: 6987: 6250: 5581: 326: 1980:, CDC head 1993-98 advocated for firearms research. In 2016 over a dozen "public health insiders, including current and former CDC senior leaders" told 8485: 7200: 2040:

acknowledged "some pretty dramatic, pretty public mistakes, from testing to data to communications", based on the findings of an internal examination.

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Vaccine Safety Monitoring Systems and Methods (CDC) a slide deck presented at October 2019 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) meeting

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On June 10, 2022, the Biden Administration ordered the CDC to remove the COVID-19 testing requirement for air travelers entering the United States.

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In 2021, the CDC, then under the leadership of the Biden administration, received criticism for its mixed messaging surrounding COVID-19 vaccines,

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and Doctors for Integrity and Policy Research joined the pro-gun effort, and, by 1995, politicians also supported the pro-gun initiative. In 1996,

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In July 2020, the Trump administration ordered hospitals to bypass the CDC and instead send all COVID-19 patient information to a database at the

1557:(PRAMS), a surveillance system on maternal and infant health with telephone and mail questionnaires in English and Spanish in 50 US jurisdictions. 9280: 7514: 7230: 5805: 6225: 6197: 4861: 3275: 2730:"Lessons of history? Anti-malaria strategies of the International Health Board and the Rockefeller Foundation from the 1920s to the era of DDT" 2423: 6105: 9536: 9505: 9406: 9175: 9159: 7235: 4893: 1751: 6769: 6508: 5464: 5284: 2676: 9647: 6967: 6918: 5179: 3595: 2672: 5127: 9515: 7031: 2399: 1035: 4004: 1840:

The Foundation engages in research projects and health programs in more than 160 countries every year, including in focus areas such as

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The agencys' former leaders say they could do more to explore the subject, but officials fear political—and personal—retribution.

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wonder how many people are paying attention." A social-media employee mentioned that the subject of zombies had come up a lot on

2239: 2165: 1853: 981:, and statistician. The CDC also operates a number of notable training and fellowship programs, including those indicated below. 27: 5261:"How U.S. coronavirus testing stalled: Flawed tests, red tape and resistance to using the millions of tests produced by the WHO" 4731: 2546: 1832:

formerly served as a member of the Foundation's Board of Directors, continuing as an honorary member after completing his term.

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Injury Control, and the Center for Prevention Services; as well as two centers that had been absorbed by CDC from outside: the

3111: 8742: 8593: 8500: 7453: 7220: 4813: 3633: 3483: 2406: 2282: 2261: 2161: 1965: 1942: 1575: 1043: 846: 805: 525: 244: 4790: 3457: 3429: 9272: 8973: 8583: 7315: 6923: 6356: 2135:, CDC shortened its recommended isolation period for asymptomatic individuals infected with COVID-19 from 10 days to five. 389: 344: 6564: 2989: 1883:, the program works to empower cancer patients to become actively involved in the decision making around their treatments. 9662: 9459: 9237: 9182: 8540: 8104: 7692: 7019: 7009: 6910: 5555: 2299: 1973: 1675: 994: 724: 469: 6714: 3822: 2213:" with the result that "just 53 percent of Americans said they would be somewhat or extremely likely to get a vaccine." 9317: 8907: 7608: 6486: 6307: 5002: 3847: 3716: 3046: 2316: 2097: 2061: 1994: 468:(EIS) as a two-year postgraduate training program in epidemiology. The success of the EIS program led to the launch of 407:, the CDC continued to be an advocate for public health issues and pushed to extend its responsibilities to many other 9128: 6734: 6434: 6074: 4113:"A Comparison of Results from a Spanish and English Mail Survey: Effects of Instruction Placement on Item Missingness" 9385: 9290: 9232: 8598: 8124: 7707: 7308: 7301: 7205: 7047: 6045: 2928: 2343: 1946: 1755: 1722: 240: 2485: 1697:, physical inactivity and tobacco-use. The work of the Division for Cancer Prevention and Control, led from 2010 by 9520: 7117: 6015: 2952: 1741: 3342: 2138:

Until 2022, the CDC withheld critical data about COVID-19 vaccine boosters, hospitalizations and wastewater data.

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was endemic in the Southern United States. The agency changed names (see infobox on top) before adopting the name

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began loosening rules that had restricted other labs from developing tests. In February 2020, as the CDC's early

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abatement and habitat control with the objective of control and eradication of malaria in the United States (see

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laboratories were among the few that exist in the world. They included one of only two official repositories of

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Stanley-Becker, Isaac; Guarino, Ben; Stead Sellers, Frances; Eunjung Cha, Ariana; Sun, Lena H. (May 15, 2021).

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Emails show CDC had 'significant influence' on COVID policies at Facebook, worked to 'silence' vaccine dissent

5608:"Covid-19 Live Updates: C.D.C. Website's Controversial Testing Guideline Was Not Written by C.D.C. Scientists" 4671: 3920:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). February 19, 2009 9541: 9467: 9356: 9285: 9041: 8851: 8708: 8348: 8119: 7532: 7509: 7122: 6977: 2415: 1976:." In 1997, "Congress re-directed all of the money for gun research to the study of traumatic brain injury." 1640: 1560: 990: 465: 7537: 5403: 9477: 9396: 9376: 9102: 8872: 8213: 7940: 6962: 3939: 3253: 2516: 2268: 2049: 1990: 1926: 1918: 480: 448:

The Communicable Disease Center moved to its current headquarters in 1960. Building 1 is pictured in 1963.

403:. In 1946, there were only seven medical officers on duty and an early organization chart was drawn. Under 4757: 3146: 399:

and engineering. In CDC's initial years, more than six and a half million homes were sprayed, mostly with

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sent a letter to the leaders of the Senate Appropriations Committee asking them "to support at least $ 10

6799: 5019: 3861: 584:, to name a few. The organization would also prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of 9570: 9371: 8819: 8430: 8355: 8260: 7796: 7170: 7078: 4698: 4337: 2946:

White, Mark; McDonnell, Sharon M.; Werker, Denise H.; Cardenas, Victor M.; Thacker, Stephen B. (2001).

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funding related to violence prevention research." Congress maintained the ban in subsequent budgets.

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threats, and terrorism preparedness. CDC combats emerging diseases and other health risks, including

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The CDC has been widely criticized for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, CDC director

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by the Public Health Service, with the CDC taking over the Tuskegee Health Benefit Program in 1995.

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expansion through the Emory campus, funded by city tax dollars. The headquarters were located in an

9482: 9305: 9262: 9222: 9095: 8390: 8089: 7801: 7697: 7347: 7142: 4384: 2929:"FETP 40th Anniversary | Division of Global Health Protection | Global Health | CDC" 2168:(HHS) to modify its reporting so as not to conflict with what Trump was saying about the pandemic. 934:

As of 2021, CDC staff numbered approximately 15,000 personnel (including 6,000 contractors and 840

187: 178: 150: 5702: 5664: 4883: 3295: 2779:"War, Tropical Disease, and the Emergence of National Public Health Capacity in the United States" 9391: 9203: 8989: 8912: 8887: 8814: 8661: 8588: 8420: 7407: 7024: 5746: 5001:. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC. December 22, 2015. 4915: 3944: 3603: 1801: 659: 295: 6516: 5907: 5646: 5131: 507: 377:

in 1946. Offices were located on the sixth floor of the Volunteer Building on Peachtree Street.

9295: 9035: 9019: 8759: 8684: 8656: 8435: 8159: 7645: 7556: 7283: 3734:"Introduction: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epi-Aids – a fond recollection" 3222: 2827: 2086:

inaccurate picture of the state of the pandemic, and overstated the country's testing ability.

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found that the CDC had violated its own protocols in developing its tests. In November 2020,

1714: 1678:, the CDC helped coordinate the return of two infected American aid workers for treatment at 1122: 907: 850: 428: 424: 404: 1478: 9584: 9088: 9014: 8804: 8783: 8751: 8728: 8616: 8400: 8265: 8231: 8179: 8004: 7999: 7945: 7901: 7791: 7729: 7618: 7613: 7127: 6110: 5338: 4009: 3402: 2865: 2176: 1820: 1659:

The CDC runs a program that protects the public from rare and dangerous substances such as

970: 962: 656: 640: 549: 275: 20: 7527: 6781: 5703:"Covid-19 Live Updates: White House Blocked C.D.C. From Mandating Masks on Public Transit" 5582:"New Covid-19 testing guidelines, crafted at the White House, alarm public health experts" 1635: 26:"Centers for Disease Control" redirects here. For affiliated agencies outside the US, see 8: 9366: 9081: 8626: 8621: 8395: 8194: 8184: 8019: 7628: 7372: 6312: 6021: 5665:"After Criticism, C.D.C. Reverses Covid-19 Guidelines on Testing People Who Were Exposed" 5317: 5265: 4439:"Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network | Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC" 4315: 4037: 3063: 2358: 1982: 1766:

The CDC collects and publishes health information for travelers in a comprehensive book,

877: 652: 553: 6704: 5440:"Out of View: After Public Outcry, CDC Adds Hospital Data Back to Its Website — for Now" 4613: 4402: 3985: 2665:"Records of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Record Group 442) 1921–2004" 2484:. United States Department of Health and Human Services. October 4, 2019. Archived from 1774:. The CDC also issues travel health notices on its website, consisting of three levels: 1316: 9158: 9059: 8948: 8943: 8922: 8248: 7831: 7680: 7137: 7094: 6745: 6673: 6646: 6251:"'CDC's credibility is eroding' amid conflicting mask guidance, ex-Obama official says" 6138: 6051: 5912: 5708: 5670: 5613: 5524: 5408: 5236: 5203: 4977: 3434: 3347: 3282: 2905: 2888: 2808: 2754: 2729: 2634: 2617: 2410: 2303: 2184: 2057: 1849: 1771: 1698: 1671:

Program, calls for inspections of labs in the U.S. that work with dangerous pathogens.

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The testing guidelines were reversed on September 18, 2020, after public controversy.

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The CDC also works on non-communicable diseases, including chronic diseases caused by

9333: 8410: 8405: 8333: 8282: 8056: 8036: 8024: 7984: 7955: 7923: 7841: 7734: 7702: 7598: 7448: 7322: 7288: 6678: 6143: 5917: 5751: 5713: 5675: 5618: 5529: 5413: 5382: 5241: 5223: 4969: 4961: 4723: 4653: 4174: 4130: 4042: 3843: 3763: 3755: 3712: 3352: 3075: 3042: 3027: 2971: 2910: 2853: 2812: 2759: 2710: 2639: 2538: 2331: 2232: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2037: 1953: 1484: 1423: 1202: 1162: 1142: 1081: 889: 621: 537: 355: 287: 271: 5776: 4981: 4548: 4504: 4482: 4460: 3115: 2585: 647:

had requested that the Atlanta city government annex the area, paving the way for a

8994: 8892: 8788: 8575: 8328: 8287: 8099: 8074: 7886: 7816: 7660: 7458: 7250: 6739: 6668: 6660: 5231: 5215: 4953: 4645: 4120: 3895: 3745: 3641: 2961: 2900: 2798: 2790: 2749: 2741: 2629: 1938: 1922: 1590: 1417: 1362: 1302: 1222: 881: 831: 699: 695: 644: 610: 577: 415: 283: 252: 8750: 5806:"After Months of Prodding, CDC Updates Guidance on COVID-19 Airborne Transmission" 3593: 3524: 2330:

submissions of the most creative and effective videos covering preparedness for a

2144:

In January 2022, it was revealed that the CDC had communicated with moderators at

1750:

The CDC has also been involved in implementing the U.S. global health initiatives

617:

re-evaluated this change and ordered them cut as an unnecessary management layer.

9596: 9004: 8999: 8963: 8902: 8830: 8825: 8636: 8338: 8141: 8134: 8069: 8009: 7891: 7881: 7811: 7784: 7769: 7724: 7714: 7665: 7504: 7268: 7263: 7160: 6749: 6360: 5944:"US will end Covid-19 testing requirement for air travelers entering the country" 4782: 3403:

National Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease (February 14, 2019).

3377: 2701:

Nájera JA (June 2001). "Malaria control: achievements, problems and strategies".

2198: 2132: 1545:

CDC Scientific Data, Surveillance, Health Statistics, and Laboratory Information.

598: 593: 589: 569: 565: 557: 6198:"CDC's politicization 'extremely dangerous' for Americans, says its former head" 4148: 2228:, also questioned Redfield's leadership and his lack of defense of the science. 2014:

In October 2014, the CDC gave a nurse with a fever who was later diagnosed with

479:

The mission of the CDC expanded beyond its original focus on malaria to include

9009: 8323: 8109: 8046: 8031: 8014: 7972: 7774: 7655: 7443: 7428: 7423: 7392: 7362: 6851: 6568: 6046:"Political Appointees Meddled in C.D.C.'s 'Holiest of the Holy' Health Reports" 5283:

Murray, Sara; Valencia, Nick; Diamond, Jeremy; Glover, Scott (April 20, 2020).

4888: 4856: 4821: 2745: 2469:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had 10,899 employees in 2015 ...

2382: 2172: 1519: 1342: 1282: 1102: 1023: 954: 3507:"Newly disclosed CDC biolab failures 'like a screenplay for a disaster movie'" 3006: 2794: 2778: 2032:

Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic § Testing

902:

are based outside Atlanta. The Division of Vector-Borne Diseases is based in

674: 444: 9606: 8631: 8510: 8318: 8292: 8169: 8129: 8094: 8084: 8064: 7806: 7764: 7739: 7687: 7675: 7670: 7579: 7382: 7377: 7357: 7352: 6305: 6147: 5921: 5755: 5717: 5679: 5622: 5533: 5417: 5313:"CDC coronavirus test kits were likely contaminated, federal review confirms" 5227: 4999:"U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee:The Tuskegee Timeline" 4965: 4389:

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP)

4297: 4134: 4125: 4046: 3759: 3356: 3343:"Walensky, Citing Botched Pandemic Response, Calls for C.D.C. Reorganization" 2966: 2947: 2348: 2155: 2101: 1977: 1504: 1443: 1402: 1322: 1262: 259: 128: 115: 6786: 6593:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 10, 2015. Archived from 6567:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 10, 2015. Archived from 6430: 5647:'Like a Hand Grasping': Trump Appointees Describe the Crushing of the C.D.C. 5556:"CDC director attempts to clarify controversial Covid-19 testing guidelines" 4998: 4941: 1586: 8958: 8953: 8938: 8651: 8079: 7928: 7918: 7896: 7826: 7719: 7633: 7098: 6682: 6308:"CDC's mask guidance spurs confusion and criticism, as well as celebration" 6202: 6043:

Weiland, Noah; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Goodnough, Abby (September 12, 2020).

5741:"A Demoralized CDC Grapples With White House Meddling and Its Own Mistakes" 5366: 5334:"CDC knew first coronavirus test was flawed but released it anyway: report" 5245: 5096: 4973: 4070:. CDC – National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 3767: 3640:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 1, 2008. Archived from 3310:"U.S. CDC plans to focus on public health response after pandemic failings" 2975: 2914: 2763: 2714: 2117: 2081: 1815:

The CDC Foundation operates independently from CDC as a private, nonprofit

1668: 1242: 1054:

Two served under Bill Clinton, but only one under the Nixon to Ford terms.

974: 958: 950: 603: 581: 573: 341: 6172:"CDC director is seen as allowing agency to buckle to political influence" 5908:"The C.D.C. Isn't Publishing Large Portions of the Covid Data It Collects" 5219: 4942:"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: protecting the private good?" 4657: 4649: 4268: 4092:. CDC: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 3079: 2643: 9066: 8809: 8646: 8343: 8041: 7950: 7913: 7342: 7273: 6860: 6829: 3750: 3733: 3009:

Ready to Go: The History and Contributions of U.S. Public Health Advisors

2948:"Partnerships in International Applied Epidemiology Training and Service" 1664: 1525: 1382: 914:

In addition, CDC operates quarantine facilities in 20 cities in the U.S.

314: 5855:"Delta CEO asks CDC to cut quarantine time for breakthrough COVID cases" 3709:

Infectious diseases: emergence and re-emergence: a geographical analysis

3168: 2326:

Once the blog article was posted, the CDC announced an open contest for

2175:, the HHS assistant secretary for public affairs, and his chief advisor 1952:

Looking at the history of the passage of the Dickey Amendment, in 1992,

1356: 1236: 1116: 9258:

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs

8272: 7994: 7337: 6651: 6594: 5738:

Ballhaus, Rebecca; Armour, Stephanie; McKay, Betsy (October 15, 2020).

4573: 3685: 2803: 2298:

On May 16, 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's blog

1969: 1829: 1823:. The creation of the Foundation was authorized by section 399F of the 1276: 873: 865: 841:

A few of the centers are based in or operate other domestic locations:

585: 541: 461: 396: 263: 6016:"Trump officials seek greater control over CDC reports on coronavirus" 5520:"C.D.C. Now Says People Without Covid-19 Symptoms Do Not Need Testing" 4957: 3794:"United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions (Plum Book)" 3780: 1793:

The CDC uses a number of tools to monitor the safety of vaccines. The

1554: 1437: 1396: 347:

program of the Office of National Defense Malaria Control Activities.

262:

and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and

8778: 8370: 8189: 7759: 7640: 7488: 7473: 7397: 4852:"CDC Foundation Active Programs October 1, 2020 – September 30, 2021" 4236: 4112: 4067: 3862:"CDC Director Post Will Require Senate Confirmation Starting in 2025" 3663: 3510: 2320: 2149: 2019: 1865: 1816: 1620: 1551:(BRFSS), the world's largest, ongoing telephone health-survey system. 1458: 732:

National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention

709:

As of the most recent reorganization in February 2023, the CIOs are:

7241:

United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

6892:

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology

6456: 4254: 2231:

Historically, the CDC has not been a political agency; however, the

1912: 1336: 1196: 1176: 1156: 1136: 1075: 1046:. The CDC Director concurrently serves as the Administrator of the 8236: 7989: 7623: 7593: 7438: 7387: 7332: 6334: 6284: 6079: 5991: 5967: 5781: 5469: 5404:"Trump Administration Strips C.D.C. of Control of Coronavirus Data" 5125: 3594:

Office of the Associate Director for Communication (May 19, 2010).

3199: 2205: 2145: 1869: 1857: 1682:, the home of a special unit to handle highly infectious diseases. 1604: 1256: 1216: 739:

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

625: 473: 385: 303: 5494:"COVID-19 Data Dashboard – Patient Impact & Hospital Capacity" 1627:

swine flu, and launched websites to educate people about hygiene.

1296: 1014: 8755: 7908: 7258: 6075:"Trump official pressured CDC to change report on Covid and kids" 5777:"Coronavirus: CDC urges Americans not to travel for Thanksgiving" 5154:"Democrats push to restart CDC funding for gun violence research" 4724:"42 U.S. Code § 280e–11 – Establishment and duties of Foundation" 4175:"NCHS – Mortality Data – About the Mortality Medical Data System" 3314: 3195:"CDC Smallpox and Anthrax Mishaps Signal Other Potential Dangers" 3114:. CDC, Office of Director, The Futures Initiative. Archived from 3061: 3029:

Sentinel for Health: A History of the Centers for Disease Control

2861: 2327: 2312: 1694: 1660: 1648: 1608: 1096: 1034:

position that may be filled either by a career employee, or as a

827: 633: 561: 432: 370: 351: 299: 106: 7548: 6542: 6280:"CDC's messaging problem highlights pandemic's uncertain future" 6106:"Polls show trust in scientific, political institutions eroding" 4463:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 15, 2017 4291:"CDC's Select Agents Program protects against bioterror threats" 1711:

National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

1571:

CDC WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research)

1498: 499:, it was promoted to being a principal operating agency of PHS. 42: 8857:

University Park–Emory Highlands–Emory Estates Historic District

8203: 7402: 7327: 6565:"Zombie Novella|Zombie Preparedness|Are We Prepared?" 6386: 4753: 4377: 3249:"Torpy at Large: DeKalb has annexation anxiety over Emory, CDC" 1845: 885: 736:

National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

350:

Preceding its founding, organizations with global influence in

290:, and educational activities designed to improve the health of 9633:

Medical and health organizations based in Georgia (U.S. state)

6770:

CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory – Atlanta, Georgia

5130:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from 4362: 4271:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 10, 2018 2990:"Thailand Field Epidemiology Training Program | TEPHINET" 2851: 2454:"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Salary Statistics" 2199:

Eroding trust in the CDC as a result of COVID-19 controversies

721:

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

395:

Among its 369 employees, the main jobs at CDC were originally

308:

International Association of National Public Health Institutes

8365: 7483: 7478: 7367: 7293: 7190: 6754: 5465:"Who took down the CDC's coronavirus data? The agency itself" 4485:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 24, 2016. 4441:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 5, 2017 4300:, BioPrepWatch, February 10, 2014; accessed October 17, 2014. 4033:"Longtime AIDS researcher Robert Redfield picked to lead CDC" 3608: 3097: 3011:. Research Triangle Park: American Social Health Association. 2376: 2015: 1880: 1861: 1644: 966: 900:

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

648: 294:. The CDC also conducts research and provides information on 6226:"New CDC guidance won't end NY mask mandate yet, Cuomo says" 4089: 3602:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from 2945: 2889:"Dr. Joseph W. Mountin, pioneer in public health, 1891–1952" 2164:(MMWR) came under pressure from political appointees at the 690: 72:

Office of National Defense Malaria Control Activities (1942)

9189: 8491:

Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

8297: 7186:

Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism

6883:

Office of the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services

6764: 6408: 6255: 5282: 5204:"First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States" 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 4616:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 17, 2020 4594:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 23, 2020 4257:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 4, 2021. 4199:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 4, 2012 3838:

Patel, Kant; Rushefsky, Mark E.; and McFarlane, Deborah R.

3007:

Beth E. Meyerson; Fred A. Martich; Gerald P. Naehr (2008).

2428: 1717:

in the United States. This initiative has a budget of $ 161

1624: 910:. The Arctic Investigations Program is based in Anchorage. 835: 802:

Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology

776:

Office of Equal Employment Opportunity and Workplace Equity

6775: 5285:"How coronavirus testing fumbles squandered valuable time" 5200: 4218: 3732:

Koplan, Jeffrey P.; Foege, William H. (December 1, 2011).

2156:

Controversy over the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

630:

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR

511:

Arlen Specter Headquarters and Emergency Operations Center

6983:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

5987:"Trump officials interfered with CDC reports on Covid-19" 5948: 5877:"US shortens Covid-19 isolation window amid airline push" 5289: 5054:"Quietly, Congress extends a ban on CDC research on guns" 4403:"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control - at a glance" 4005:"CDC head resigns after report she traded tobacco stocks" 2071: 1900: 973:, economist, public health advisor, health communicator, 717:

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

400: 6759: 6042: 5072: 4672:"Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Project" 7226:

National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center

7093: 5126:

Office of Public Health and Science (January 4, 2007).

2512:"City of Atlanta's expansion to Emory and CDC approved" 1740:

The CDC has been working with the WHO to implement the

1630: 9552:

White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy

9263:

Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement

6727: 4634: 2560: 2131:

In December 2021, following a request from the CEO of

1925:

to serve as research subjects. The Tuskegee Study was

1656:

the importation of "infectious biological materials."

1593:

as part of the CDC's smallpox eradication team in 1966

984: 936:

United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps

895:

The CDC Washington Office is based in Washington, D.C.

213: 47:

Logo of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

9568: 6956:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

6831:

United States Department of Health and Human Services

4312:"American doctor infected with Ebola returns to U.S." 3341:

LaFraniere, Sharon; Weiland, Noah (August 17, 2022).

3276:"2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Druid Hills CDP, GA" 862:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

754:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

522:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

384:

million, 59 percent of its personnel were engaged in

203:

United States Department of Health and Human Services

6880:

Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services

5580:

Branswell, Helen; Sheridan, Kate (August 27, 2020).

5360:

Meyer, Alexis C. Madrigal, Robinson (May 21, 2020).

4237:"CDC - NCHS - National Center for Health Statistics" 2505: 2503: 1949:

oppose the amendment and have tried to overturn it.

1917:

For 15 years, the CDC had direct oversight over the

9450:

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

6988:

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality

5737: 4916:"Fries Prize for Improving Health | CDC Foundation" 4497:"Module 2: WHO and CDC Global Surveillance Systems" 3221:Chess, Richard; Bober, Madison (December 4, 2017). 2852:Division of Parasitic Diseases (February 8, 2010). 1000: 643:had voted to do so the prior December. The CDC and 327:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention timeline

9643:Buildings and structures in DeKalb County, Georgia 7201:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 6044: 6014: 5739: 5701: 5663: 5606: 4483:"Organization of the CDC Center for Global Health" 3840:The Politics of Public Health in the United States 3026: 497:Public Health Service reorganizations of 1966–1973 340:was founded July 1, 1946, as the successor to the 7181:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 6951:National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 5579: 4636:Vaccine Safety Monitoring in the United States". 4310:Achenbach, Joel; Dennis, Brady; Hogan, Caelainn. 4197:"CDC – Data and Statistics – Reproductive Health" 3960:"National Public Health Institute, NPHI Advocacy" 3886:Dull, H. Bruce (May–June 1991). "About the CDC". 3340: 2858:The History of Malaria, an Ancient Disease (2004) 2500: 2397: 2226:National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 1913:Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis in Black men 749:National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 414:In 1947, the CDC made a token payment of $ 10 to 9638:Medical research institutes in the United States 9604: 9440:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 9326:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 6946:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 6431:"About the Emerging Infectious Diseases journal" 4592:"Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)" 4309: 4269:"About the Division of Select Agents and Toxins" 3940:"Health Official Reigned in '76 Swine-Flu Fight" 3623:For more data on 2008, click on the "2008" link. 1781:"Alert": Level 2 (practice enhanced precautions) 1048:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 744:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 628:in the world, with the other one located at the 75:Office of Malaria Control in War Areas (1942–46) 9281:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7515:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 7231:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity 5641: 5639: 3555:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3529:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3458:"CDC Structural Façade Inspection, Building 18" 3382:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3139:"New Chief Orders CDC to Cut Management Layers" 1768:CDC Health Information for International Travel 369:and Atlanta was chosen as the location because 4117:Survey Methods: Insights from the Field (SMIF) 3986:"Principal Deputy Director: Anne Schuchat, MD" 2615: 2424:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2300:published an article instructing the public on 1784:"Warning": Level 3 (avoid nonessential travel) 1539: 922:CDC's budget for fiscal year 2018 was $ 11.581 81:National Communicable Disease Center (1967–70) 9658:Organizations based in DeKalb County, Georgia 9537:Environmental Science Services Administration 9190:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 9144: 8736: 7564: 7236:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs 7221:India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 7079: 6865:Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services 6815: 6791: 4177:. CDC – National Center for Health Statistics 2611: 2609: 2607: 2293: 1778:"Watch": Level 1 (practice usual precautions) 797:Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics 773:Office of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation 16:United States government public health agency 9339:National Laboratories and Technology Centers 7032:Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 6968:Health Resources and Services Administration 6919:Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health 5636: 5387:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4529:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4365:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4338:"Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015" 4111:Wang, Kevin; Sha, M. Mandy (March 1, 2013). 4090:"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System" 3823:"Obama Chooses NYC Health Chief to Head CDC" 3688:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3666:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2868:: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2727: 2673:National Archives and Records Administration 2553: 2482:"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" 1879:Launched in November 2019 with funding from 1721:million and includes the development of the 1688: 258:The agency's main goal is the protection of 9618:1946 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) 9516:U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate 6509:"Centers for Zombie Control and Prevention" 6457:"CDC/National Center for Health Statistics" 5980: 5978: 5976: 5258: 5176:"Ebola nurse got CDC OK for Cleveland trip" 4993: 4991: 3731: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3307: 3298:: "1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA" 3246: 3110:Gerberding, Julie Louise (April 21, 2005). 3033:. University of California Press. pp. 2018:permission to board a commercial flight to 1555:Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 742:National Center for Environmental Health / 354:control were the Malaria Commission of the 9613:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9511:Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation 9445:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9362:Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 9151: 9137: 8878:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 8743: 8729: 8526:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 7571: 7557: 7176:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 7086: 7072: 6941:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 6936:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 6822: 6808: 6715:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 6631:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 6483:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 5905: 5852: 5498:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4787:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4703:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3996: 3817: 3815: 3480:"Centre for Disease Control - Building 18" 3430:"Bio-terrorism Office Gets a New Director" 3220: 3109: 3062:Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (1992). 2854:"Malaria Control in War Areas (1942–1945)" 2832:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2604: 2590:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2543:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1819:organization incorporated in the State of 1752:President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief 1549:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 233:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 221: 186: 177: 149: 36:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 19:"CDC" redirects here. For other uses, see 9473:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 8486:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 8476:Center for Disease Control and Prevention 7191:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 6672: 6644: 5906:Mandavilli, Apoorva (February 20, 2022). 5235: 4814:"Fiscal Year 2008 Report to Contributors" 4699:"V-safe After Vaccination Health Checker" 4124: 3749: 3024: 2965: 2904: 2802: 2783:Studies in American Political Development 2753: 2721: 2700: 2633: 2616:Parascandola J (November–December 1996). 7006:Administration for Children and Families 6929:Public Health Service Commissioned Corps 5973: 5829: 5553: 5437: 5401: 5092:"Why Did the CDC Stop Researching Guns?" 4988: 4811: 4628: 4395: 4002: 3978: 3329: 2696: 2694: 2509: 1704: 1634: 1597: 1585: 1567:Abortion statistics in the United States 1013: 949:Common CDC job titles include engineer, 689: 681: 673: 506: 443: 9628:Government agencies established in 1946 9547:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 9488:Combat Capabilities Development Command 9248:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 8531:Health departments in the United States 6746:CDC-Wide Activities and Program Support 6541:. Prepare.challenge.gov. Archived from 6409:"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report" 6131: 6104:Monroe, Madeline (September 15, 2020). 6072: 5984: 5941: 5853:Shepardson, David (December 21, 2021). 5310: 5089: 5014: 5012: 4734:from the original on September 18, 2016 4110: 3888:American Journal of Preventive Medicine 3859: 3821:Wilgoren, Debbi and Shear, Michael D. 3812: 3781:Public Health Associate Program website 3711:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 3223:"Emory, CDC to be Annexed into Atlanta" 3020: 3018: 2886: 2354:List of national public health agencies 2166:Department of Health and Human Services 2091:Department of Health and Human Services 2067:Department of Health and Human Services 2056:malfunctioned nationwide, CDC Director 791:Office of Laboratory Science and Safety 686:Tom Harkin Global Communications Center 678:CDC's Roybal campus in Atlanta, Georgia 431:. Woodruff had a long-time interest in 249:Department of Health and Human Services 98:Federal Government of the United States 28:List of national public health agencies 9605: 9382:Natural Resources Conservation Service 8536:Council on Education for Public Health 6856:Secretary of Health and Human Services 6166: 6164: 6103: 6099: 6097: 5842:from the original on February 4, 2024. 5699: 5402:Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (July 14, 2020). 5362:"How Could the CDC Make That Mistake?" 5278: 5276: 5048: 5046: 4939: 4461:"CDC Global Health – What We're Doing" 3472: 3308:Steenhuysen, Julie (August 17, 2022). 3192: 3136: 2776: 2679:from the original on November 19, 2010 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2549:from the original on January 18, 2017. 1795:Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System 1018:David Sencer points to a depiction of 380:With a budget at the time of about $ 1 9132: 8724: 8594:Professional degrees of public health 8501:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 7552: 7454:Biological warfare in popular culture 7067: 6803: 6790: 6479:"Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse" 6437:from the original on November 5, 2012 5887:from the original on November 1, 2023 5830:Shivaram, Deepa (December 29, 2021). 5359: 5332:Kelly, Alexandra (November 6, 2020). 5331: 5005:from the original on January 3, 2016. 4864:from the original on January 15, 2022 4777: 4775: 4003:Hellmann, Jessie (January 31, 2018). 3706: 3504: 3498: 3450: 3064:"CDC: the nation's prevention agency" 2691: 2315:when she had been tweeting about the 2262:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2162:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1966:Doctors for Responsible Gun Ownership 1943:National Rifle Association of America 1576:National Center for Health Statistics 1044:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 847:National Center for Health Statistics 806:National Center for Health Statistics 770:Office of the Chief Operating Officer 609:On April 21, 2005, then–CDC Director 526:National Center for Health Statistics 495:on June 24, 1970. At the end of the 317:who assumed office on July 10, 2023. 87:Centers for Disease Control (1980–92) 78:Communicable Disease Center (1946–67) 8974:Lucy Beall Candler Owens Heinz Leide 8691: 8584:Bachelor of Science in Public Health 6485:. CDC Zombie Warning. Archived from 6476: 6277: 6006: 5518:Wu, Katherine J. (August 25, 2020). 5009: 4664: 3885: 3596:"State of CDC: Budget and Workforce" 3015: 2190:In October 2020, emails obtained by 1761: 1631:Division of Select Agents and Toxins 1619:The CDC targets the transmission of 489:National Communicable Disease Center 470:Field Epidemiology Training Programs 390:National Malaria Eradication Program 84:Center for Disease Control (1970–80) 9648:Buildings and structures in Atlanta 8703: 7852:Workers' right to access the toilet 7693:Human right to water and sanitation 7020:Administration for Community Living 7010:Administration for Native Americans 6161: 6094: 6013:Sun, Lena H. (September 12, 2020). 6012: 5985:Diamond, Dan (September 11, 2020). 5865:from the original on July 14, 2023. 5803: 5700:Kaplan, Sheila (October 10, 2020). 5491: 5438:Ornstein, Charles (July 16, 2020). 5273: 5043: 4896:from the original on August 8, 2022 4832:from the original on August 6, 2022 4760:from the original on April 27, 2012 4696: 4030: 3914:"Past CDC Directors/Administrators" 3575: 3086:from the original on June 11, 2011. 2825: 2650: 1713:as a measure against the spread of 995:Field Epidemiology Training Program 985:Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) 758:Public Health Infrastructure Center 725:Division of Global Migration Health 365:The new agency was a branch of the 13: 9415:Science and Technology Directorate 9330:Office of Environmental Management 8908:Fernbank Museum of Natural History 6638: 6629:from websites or documents of the 6515:. October 25, 2011. Archived from 5942:Collins, Kaitlan (June 11, 2022). 5554:Sheridan, Kate (August 27, 2020). 5517: 5178:. October 15, 2014. Archived from 5104:from the original on April 5, 2016 5036:from the original on May 6, 2009. 4793:from the original on July 25, 2022 4772: 4527:"CDC's Role in Global HIV Control" 4419:from the original on June 18, 2019 3918:Office of Enterprise Communication 2364: 2317:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 2288: 2098:White House Coronavirus Task Force 2062:White House Coronavirus Task Force 2060:reassured fellow officials on the 1995:American Psychological Association 1676:2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa 1667:. The program, called the Federal 306:, and is a founding member of the 14: 9674: 9498:Executive Office of the President 9386:National Water and Climate Center 9233:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 9160:United States government agencies 8125:Commercial determinants of health 7578: 7206:Global Health Security Initiative 7048:Child Welfare Information Gateway 6690: 6539:"Are You Prepared? Video Contest" 6132:Hamblin, James (March 12, 2022). 5259:Whoriskey, Peter; Satija, Neena. 3798:U.S. Government Publishing Office 3137:Koenig, Robert (August 7, 2009). 2828:"Celebrating 7 Decades Of Firsts" 2344:Gun violence in the United States 2242:, and the state of the pandemic. 1941:, passed with the support of the 1887:Fries Prize for Improving Health: 1810: 1788: 1723:Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network 1581: 838:laboratory in the United States. 794:Office of Readiness and Response 764:Immediate Office of the Director 502: 9590: 9578: 9521:Council on Environmental Quality 9301:Oceanic and Atmospheric Research 8702: 8690: 8679: 8678: 7708:National public health institute 7118:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack 6900: 6765:CDC Global Communications Center 6697: 6625: This article incorporates 6620: 6583: 6557: 6531: 6501: 6470: 6449: 6423: 6401: 6375: 6349: 6327: 6299: 6271: 6243: 6218: 6190: 6125: 6073:Diamond, Dan (October 5, 2020). 6066: 6036: 5956: 5935: 5899: 5869: 5846: 5823: 5797: 5769: 5731: 5693: 5656: 5599: 5573: 5547: 5511: 5485: 5457: 5431: 5395: 5353: 5325: 5311:Willman, David (June 20, 2020). 5304: 5252: 5194: 5168: 3860:Frieden, Joyce (June 28, 2023). 3783:, CDC; retrieved April 12, 2014. 3738:American Journal of Epidemiology 3482:. MCW Hemisphere. Archived from 3169:"Viral Special Pathogens Branch" 3025:Etheridge, Elizabeth W. (1992). 2953:American Journal of Epidemiology 1907: 1743:International Health Regulations 1728: 1518: 1497: 1477: 1457: 1436: 1416: 1395: 1375: 1355: 1335: 1315: 1295: 1275: 1255: 1235: 1215: 1195: 1175: 1155: 1135: 1115: 1095: 1074: 1001:Public Health Associates Program 826:Most CDC centers are located in 491:effective July 1, 1967, and the 331: 41: 9407:Department of Homeland Security 9253:United States Geological Survey 9176:Environmental Protection Agency 8918:Georgia Mental Health Institute 8105:Open-source healthcare software 7847:Sociology of health and illness 7196:Defense Threat Reduction Agency 6760:CDC Public Health Image Library 5208:New England Journal of Medicine 5146: 5119: 5090:Masters, Kate (April 5, 2016). 4940:Lenzer, Jeanne (May 15, 2015). 4933: 4908: 4876: 4844: 4812:Stokes, Charles; Jacobs, Phil. 4805: 4746: 4716: 4690: 4614:"Safety Information by Vaccine" 4606: 4584: 4566: 4541: 4519: 4489: 4475: 4453: 4431: 4355: 4330: 4303: 4283: 4261: 4247: 4229: 4211: 4189: 4167: 4141: 4104: 4082: 4060: 4031:Sun, Lena H. (March 21, 2018). 4024: 3952: 3932: 3906: 3879: 3853: 3832: 3786: 3774: 3725: 3700: 3678: 3664:"Epidemic Intelligence Service" 3656: 3638:Employment Information Homepage 3626: 3587: 3569: 3543: 3517: 3422: 3405:"Divisions and Office Overview" 3396: 3370: 3301: 3268: 3240: 3214: 3193:Scutti, Susan (July 16, 2014). 3186: 3161: 3130: 3103: 3090: 3055: 3000: 2982: 2939: 2921: 2880: 2845: 2819: 2770: 2245: 1960:New England Journal of Medicine 669: 9653:Organizations based in Atlanta 9623:Biosafety level 4 laboratories 9183:Global Change Research Program 8466:Caribbean Public Health Agency 8278:Sexually transmitted infection 8175:Statistical hypothesis testing 7936:Occupational safety and health 7837:Sexual and reproductive health 7750:Occupational safety and health 7166:Caribbean Public Health Agency 7014:Office of Refugee Resettlement 6383:"Programs in Brief: Home Page" 6278:Chow, Denise (April 6, 2021). 3505:Young, Alison (June 2, 2016). 3247:Torpy, Bill (August 7, 2017). 2578: 2531: 2474: 2446: 2409:- co-regulator of respirators 2389:Division of Industrial Hygiene 2224:, the first director of CDC's 2180:of MMWR before they went out. 1999:American Academy of Pediatrics 1932: 1756:President's Malaria Initiative 476:) has graduated 950 students. 452:In 1951, Chief Epidemiologist 313:The CDC's current Director is 280:occupational safety and health 243:of the United States. It is a 1: 9542:United States Fish Commission 9468:Air Force Research Laboratory 9357:Agricultural Research Service 9042:DeKalb County School District 8852:Emory Grove Historic District 8847:Druid Hills Historic District 8120:Social determinants of health 7510:Biological Weapons Convention 7123:1989 California medfly attack 6978:National Institutes of Health 6924:Office of the Surgeon General 6665:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31140-5 6477:Khan, Ali S. (May 16, 2011). 6134:"Can Public Health Be Saved?" 5804:May, Brandon (May 10, 2021). 3900:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30938-3 2434: 2160:During the pandemic, the CDC 1964:conservative pro-gun groups, 1835: 1701:, is also within this remit. 1561:Mortality Medical Data System 1009: 991:Epidemic Intelligence Service 515:It was renamed to the plural 481:sexually transmitted diseases 466:Epidemic Intelligence Service 241:national public health agency 9478:Joint Typhoon Warning Center 9377:Foreign Agricultural Service 9117:All neighborhoods of Atlanta 8873:Callanwolde Fine Arts Center 8180:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 7941:Human factors and ergonomics 6963:Food and Drug Administration 3254:Atlanta Journal-Constitution 3112:"Letter from Dr. Gerberding" 2517:Atlanta Journal-Constitution 2439: 2302:what to do to prepare for a 2269:Emerging Infectious Diseases 2050:Food and Drug Administration 2043:The first confirmed case of 1991:American Medical Association 1919:Tuskegee syphilis experiment 1893: 1643:staff preparing to enter an 1614: 929: 821: 464:spurred the creation of the 345:Malaria Control in War Areas 245:United States federal agency 7: 9197:National Science Foundation 8361:Good manufacturing practice 8165:Randomized controlled trial 7216:Laboratory Response Network 7053:National Toxicology Program 6887:Office of Inspector General 6844:Hubert H. Humphrey Building 6776:CDC WONDER online databases 5128:"David Satcher (1998–2002)" 4728:Legal Information Institute 2337: 2025: 1540:Datasets and survey systems 1040:require Senate confirmation 517:Centers for Disease Control 375:Communicable Disease Center 338:Communicable Disease Center 191:, Principal Deputy Director 10: 9679: 9663:Government health agencies 9372:Food and Nutrition Service 9215:Department of the Interior 8820:Druid Hills Baptist Church 8431:Theory of planned behavior 8356:Good agricultural practice 8261:Public health surveillance 8153:epidemiological statistics 7797:Public health intervention 7171:Center for Health Security 6645:Editorial (May 16, 2020). 6613: 6357:"CDC Publication Archives" 5156:. Philly.com. May 21, 2014 4884:"EmPOWERED Health Program" 4363:"Overweight & Obesity" 3686:"Epidemiologic Assistance" 3551:"U.S. Quarantine Stations" 2746:10.1177/003335490411900214 2539:"Mission, Role and Pledge" 2294:Zombie Apocalypse campaign 2277:Preventing Chronic Disease 2029: 1709:The CDC implemented their 493:Center for Disease Control 367:U.S. Public Health Service 324: 320: 251:, and is headquartered in 25: 18: 9529: 9496: 9458: 9428: 9420:United States Coast Guard 9405: 9349:Department of Agriculture 9347: 9316: 9271: 9228:Bureau of Land Management 9213: 9170: 9076: 9051: 9028: 8982: 8931: 8898:Emory University Hospital 8865: 8839: 8797: 8766: 8674: 8609: 8568: 8553:World Toilet Organization 8548:World Health Organization 8455: 8444: 8381: 8306: 8222: 8150: 8115:Public health informatics 8055: 7860: 7822:Right to rest and leisure 7651:Globalization and disease 7586: 7523: 7497: 7416: 7279:Burkholderia pseudomallei 7249: 7151: 7105: 7040: 6998: 6909: 6898: 6874:Secretariat staff offices 6873: 6837: 6797: 6792:Links to related articles 5056:. Pri.org. Archived from 4068:"CDC Data and Statistics" 3145:. Science. Archived from 3068:MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2795:10.1017/S0898588X12000107 1877:EmPOWERED Health Program: 1825:Public Health Service Act 1735:World Health Organization 1689:Non-communicable diseases 1680:Emory University Hospital 1030:The Director of CDC is a 917: 870:Morgantown, West Virginia 864:'s primary locations are 439: 208: 198: 169: 157: 144: 102: 94: 65: 57: 52: 40: 9483:Office of Naval Research 9291:Marine Fisheries Service 9223:Bureau of Indian Affairs 8599:Schools of public health 8391:Diffusion of innovations 8090:Health impact assessment 7802:Public health laboratory 7698:Management of depression 4126:10.13094/SMIF-2013-00006 3962:. IANPHI. Archived from 3460:. Innovative Engineering 2669:Guide to Federal Records 2400:US Executive Departments 2100:without the sign-off of 2009: 1032:Senior Executive Service 957:, biologist, physician, 849:is primarily located in 834:), contains the premier 779:Office of Communications 9392:Rural Utilities Service 9204:Smithsonian Institution 8990:Atlanta freeway revolts 8913:Fernbank Science Center 8888:Druid Hills High School 8815:Carlos H. Mason Mansion 8662:Social hygiene movement 8589:Doctor of Public Health 8421:Social cognitive theory 8223:Infectious and epidemic 8005:Fecal–oral transmission 7408:Viral hemorrhagic fever 7025:Administration on Aging 6999:Human services agencies 5747:The Wall Street Journal 4574:"Travel Health Notices" 4549:"2018 Yellow Book Home" 3945:The Wall Street Journal 3600:CDC Impact Story Topics 2777:Sledge, Daniel (2012). 2171:Starting in June 2020, 2116:In the lead up to 2020 1802:Vaccine Safety Datalink 782:Office of Health Equity 660:census-designated place 655:, statistically in the 296:non-infectious diseases 9273:Department of Commerce 9089:Morningside–Lenox Park 9036:Atlanta Public Schools 9020:Stone Mountain Freeway 8760:DeKalb County, Georgia 8657:Germ theory of disease 8436:Transtheoretical model 7434:Psychochemical weapons 7284:Chlamydophila psittaci 6772:(archived 3 July 2008) 6627:public domain material 5674:. September 19, 2020. 5617:. September 18, 2020. 5029:. September 30, 1996. 4391:. CDC. March 22, 2024. 2967:10.1093/aje/154.11.993 2887:Scheele, L. A (1952). 2826:CDC (March 22, 2017). 2391:- predecessor to NIOSH 1842:cardiovascular disease 1652: 1594: 1027: 904:Fort Collins, Colorado 855:Research Triangle Park 702: 687: 679: 620:As of 2013, the CDC's 533:United States Congress 512: 456:warnings of potential 449: 360:Rockefeller Foundation 292:United States citizens 9506:Climate Policy Office 9460:Department of Defense 9430:Department of Health 9243:National Park Service 9238:Bureau of Reclamation 9164:environmental science 9069:mixed-use development 9038:(portions in Atlanta) 8969:Louie De Votie Newton 8883:Druid Hills Golf Club 8774:Frederick Law Olmsted 8541:Public Health Service 8426:Social norms approach 8416:PRECEDE–PROCEED model 7862:Preventive healthcare 7755:Pharmaceutical policy 7604:Chief Medical Officer 7528:Wiktionary definition 7469:Entomological warfare 7348:Legionnaires' disease 7133:Wood Green ricin plot 6973:Indian Health Service 6911:Public Health Service 6647:"Reviving the US CDC" 6591:"Zombie Preparedness" 6385:. CDC. Archived from 6359:. CDC. Archived from 5883:. December 28, 2021. 5492:CDC (July 16, 2020). 5220:10.1056/NEJMoa2001191 4920:www.cdcfoundation.org 4756:. CDCfoundation.org. 4697:CDC (July 18, 2022). 4650:10.1542/peds.99.6.765 4296:October 18, 2014, at 3842:. M.E. Sharpe, 2005; 3634:"Top Jobs at the CDC" 3578:"CDC Budget Overview" 3576:CDC (March 9, 2023). 3149:on September 20, 2009 2728:Stapleton DH (2004). 2622:Public Health Reports 2418:- predecessor to MSHA 2257:CDC Programs in Brief 2240:mask-wearing guidance 1715:antibiotic resistance 1705:Antibiotic resistance 1638: 1598:Communicable diseases 1589: 1123:Raymond A. Vonderlehr 1036:political appointment 1017: 908:San Juan, Puerto Rico 898:Two divisions of the 851:Hyattsville, Maryland 788:CDC Washington Office 693: 685: 677: 510: 447: 429:The Coca-Cola Company 425:chairman of the board 409:communicable diseases 405:Joseph Walter Mountin 129:33.79944°N 84.32833°W 9318:Department of Energy 9015:Ponce de Leon Avenue 8805:Briarcliff (mansion) 8784:John Charles Olmsted 8617:Sara Josephine Baker 8516:Public Health Agency 8401:Health communication 8266:Disease surveillance 8232:Asymptomatic carrier 8214:Statistical software 7902:Preventive nutrition 7730:Medical anthropology 7619:Environmental health 7298:Equine encephalitis 7128:2001 anthrax attacks 6519:on December 25, 2013 6513:Skepticality Podcast 6178:. September 16, 2020 5653:, December 16, 2020. 5027:Congressional Record 5020:"Public Law 104-208" 4860:. December 9, 2021. 4678:. September 30, 2021 4385:"Organization Chart" 3707:Cliff, A.D. (2009). 3644:on November 16, 2016 3173:DHCPP | NCEZID | CDC 2675:. November 9, 2010. 2385:- regulated by NIOSH 1574:Data systems of the 971:medical technologist 963:behavioral scientist 761:Global Health Center 641:Atlanta City Council 615:Obama administration 550:environmental health 454:Alexander Langmuir's 276:environmental health 272:food borne pathogens 21:CDC (disambiguation) 9367:Farm Service Agency 8627:Carl Rogers Darnall 8622:Samuel Jay Crumbine 8396:Health belief model 8249:Notifiable diseases 8185:Regression analysis 8020:Waterborne diseases 7609:Cultural competence 7373:Salmonella enterica 6755:CDC Online Newsroom 6313:The Washington Post 6022:The Washington Post 5785:. November 20, 2020 5318:The Washington Post 5266:The Washington Post 5182:on October 17, 2014 5134:on December 5, 2007 4754:"CDCfoundation.org" 4316:The Washington Post 4149:"About PRAMS | CDC" 4038:The Washington Post 3966:on October 15, 2010 3827:The Washington Post 3613:on January 22, 2013 3525:"Living in Atlanta" 3384:. February 21, 2023 2359:Safe Kids Worldwide 2254:State of CDC report 1974:appropriations bill 1854:infectious diseases 1772:travel destinations 906:, with a branch in 884:, with branches in 878:Spokane, Washington 853:, with a branch in 694:CDC Building 17 in 653:unincorporated area 185:Nirav D. Shah 134:33.79944; -84.32833 125: / 37: 9432:and Human Services 9060:Driving Miss Daisy 8949:Asa G. Candler Jr. 8944:Asa Griggs Candler 8923:The Paideia School 8840:Historic districts 8798:Historic buildings 8225:disease prevention 8160:Case–control study 7832:Security of person 7681:Health care reform 7474:Infectious disease 7211:Health Threat Unit 7143:2013 ricin letters 7138:2003 ricin letters 7095:Biological warfare 6139:The New York Times 6052:The New York Times 5913:The New York Times 5709:The New York Times 5671:The New York Times 5651:The New York Times 5614:The New York Times 5525:The New York Times 5409:The New York Times 4580:. August 29, 2019. 3751:10.1093/aje/kwr303 3744:(11 Suppl): S1–3. 3486:on August 21, 2018 3435:The New York Times 3378:"CDC Organization" 3348:The New York Times 3283:U.S. Census Bureau 2545:. April 14, 2014. 2185:hydroxychloroquine 2058:Robert R. Redfield 1850:emergency response 1699:Lisa C. Richardson 1653: 1647:treatment unit in 1595: 1465:Robert R. Redfield 1330:February 13, 1998 1183:Robert J. Anderson 1028: 1022:, which transmits 979:computer scientist 857:in North Carolina. 703: 688: 680: 544:, injury control, 513: 458:biological warfare 450: 421:Robert W. Woodruff 268:infectious disease 66:Preceding agencies 35: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9559: 9334:Office of Science 9126: 9125: 9110:Virginia–Highland 8822:(Poncey–Highland) 8718: 8717: 8670: 8669: 8580:Higher education 8411:Positive deviance 8406:Health psychology 8382:Health behavioral 8309:safety management 8283:Social distancing 8057:Population health 8037:Smoking cessation 7985:Pharmacovigilance 7956:Injury prevention 7924:Infection control 7842:Social psychology 7792:Prisoners' rights 7735:Medical sociology 7703:Public health law 7599:Biological hazard 7546: 7545: 7533:Wikimedia Commons 7498:International law 7449:Biological hazard 7323:Foodborne illness 7319: 7311: 7304: 7289:Coxiella burnetii 7251:Biological agents 7061: 7060: 6597:on August 9, 2021 6489:on March 11, 2014 5970:, 19 January 2022 4958:10.1136/bmj.h2362 4255:"Influenza (Flu)" 4243:. August 8, 2021. 3992:. August 2, 2019. 2935:. March 12, 2021. 2893:Public Health Rep 2734:Public Health Rep 2671:. United States: 2488:on April 10, 2020 2379:- CDC department 2332:zombie apocalypse 2272:(monthly journal) 2233:COVID-19 pandemic 2211:vaccine hesitancy 2038:Rochelle Walensky 1954:Mark L. Rosenberg 1927:initiated in 1932 1762:Travelers' health 1537: 1536: 1489:January 20, 2021 1485:Rochelle Walensky 1472:January 20, 2021 1449:January 31, 2018 1431:January 31, 2018 1424:Brenda Fitzgerald 1408:January 20, 2017 1390:January 20, 2017 1383:Thomas R. Frieden 1370:January 20, 2009 1343:Jeffrey P. Koplan 1203:Clarence A. Smith 1163:Theodore J. Bauer 1143:Justin M. Andrews 1082:Louis L. Williams 890:Anchorage, Alaska 785:Office of Science 622:Biosafety Level 4 546:workplace hazards 524:in 1973, and the 356:League of Nations 288:injury prevention 229: 228: 176:Mandy Cohen 170:Agency executives 9670: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9583: 9582: 9581: 9574: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9130: 9129: 8995:Clifton Corridor 8893:Emory University 8789:Olmsted Brothers 8754:neighborhood of 8745: 8738: 8731: 8722: 8721: 8706: 8705: 8694: 8693: 8682: 8681: 8576:Health education 8453: 8452: 8307:Food hygiene and 8288:Tropical disease 8100:Infant mortality 8075:Community health 7951:Controlled Drugs 7887:Health promotion 7817:Right to housing 7661:Health economics 7573: 7566: 7559: 7550: 7549: 7459:Ethnic bioweapon 7417:Related concepts 7383:Salmonella typhi 7314: 7307: 7299: 7106:Modern incidents 7088: 7081: 7074: 7065: 7064: 6904: 6903: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6801: 6800: 6788: 6787: 6740:Federal Register 6731: 6730: 6728:Official website 6701: 6700: 6686: 6676: 6624: 6623: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6571:on July 29, 2017 6561: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6545:on July 13, 2012 6535: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6389:on July 18, 2006 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6363:on March 4, 2016 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6168: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6101: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6048: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6018: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5982: 5971: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5743: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5667: 5660: 5654: 5645:Weiland, Noah, " 5643: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5610: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5386: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5280: 5271: 5270: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5239: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5087: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5050: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5024: 5016: 5007: 5006: 4995: 4986: 4985: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4831: 4818: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4789:. July 7, 2022. 4783:"CDC Foundation" 4779: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4507:on June 22, 2018 4503:. Archived from 4493: 4487: 4486: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4418: 4407: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4342: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4307: 4301: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4155:. April 22, 2022 4145: 4139: 4138: 4128: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3836: 3830: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3753: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3630: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3612: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3557:. April 24, 2019 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3531:. April 23, 2019 3521: 3515: 3514: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3338: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3118:on June 29, 2016 3107: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3032: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2994:www.tephinet.org 2986: 2980: 2979: 2969: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2908: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2806: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2757: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2661: 2648: 2647: 2637: 2613: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2464: 2450: 2373:- CDC department 2283:Vital statistics 2251:CDC publications 2054:coronavirus test 2004: 1939:Dickey Amendment 1923:informed consent 1720: 1623:, including the 1591:Donald Henderson 1522: 1501: 1481: 1461: 1440: 1420: 1399: 1379: 1363:Julie Gerberding 1359: 1347:October 5, 1998 1339: 1319: 1303:William L. Roper 1299: 1279: 1263:William H. Foege 1259: 1239: 1223:James L. Goddard 1219: 1199: 1187:October 1, 1956 1179: 1159: 1139: 1119: 1099: 1078: 1057: 1056: 925: 882:Washington, D.C. 832:Edward R. Roybal 700:Emory University 696:Atlanta, Georgia 645:Emory University 611:Julie Gerberding 538:chronic diseases 416:Emory University 383: 284:health promotion 253:Atlanta, Georgia 225: 220: 217: 215: 190: 181: 164: 153: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 130: 126: 123: 122: 121: 118: 45: 38: 34: 9678: 9677: 9673: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9591: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9569: 9567: 9562: 9561: 9556: 9525: 9492: 9454: 9431: 9424: 9401: 9343: 9312: 9306:Weather Service 9286:Geodetic Survey 9267: 9209: 9166: 9157: 9127: 9122: 9103:Poncey–Highland 9096:Old Fourth Ward 9072: 9047: 9024: 9005:Moreland Avenue 9000:Freedom Parkway 8978: 8964:Carlos H. Mason 8927: 8903:Fernbank Forest 8861: 8835: 8831:Rainbow Terrace 8826:Lullwater House 8793: 8762: 8749: 8719: 8714: 8666: 8637:Margaret Sanger 8605: 8564: 8448: 8446: 8440: 8383: 8377: 8349:Safety scandals 8308: 8302: 8224: 8218: 8152: 8146: 8142:Social medicine 8135:Race and health 8070:Child mortality 8051: 8010:Open defecation 7892:Human nutrition 7882:Family planning 7870:Behavior change 7856: 7812:Right to health 7725:Maternal health 7715:Health politics 7666:Health literacy 7582: 7577: 7547: 7542: 7519: 7505:Geneva Protocol 7493: 7464:Decontamination 7412: 7269:Botulinum toxin 7264:Avian influenza 7245: 7161:Australia Group 7153: 7147: 7101: 7092: 7062: 7057: 7036: 6994: 6905: 6901: 6896: 6869: 6833: 6828: 6793: 6750:USAspending.gov 6726: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6702: 6698: 6693: 6659:(10236): 1521. 6641: 6639:Further reading 6636: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6522: 6520: 6507: 6506: 6502: 6492: 6490: 6475: 6471: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6392: 6390: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6355: 6354: 6350: 6340: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6304: 6300: 6290: 6288: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6206:. July 14, 2020 6196: 6195: 6191: 6181: 6179: 6170: 6169: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6102: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6011: 6007: 5997: 5995: 5983: 5974: 5962:Flood, Brian, " 5961: 5957: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5851: 5847: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5802: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5758: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5644: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5578: 5574: 5564: 5562: 5552: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5490: 5486: 5476: 5474: 5473:. July 16, 2020 5463: 5462: 5458: 5448: 5446: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5400: 5396: 5380: 5379: 5372: 5370: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5330: 5326: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5281: 5274: 5257: 5253: 5214:(10): 929–936. 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5124: 5120: 5107: 5105: 5088: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5060:on July 3, 2015 5052: 5051: 5044: 5033: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5010: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4781: 4780: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4597: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4501:Unite for Sight 4495: 4494: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4459: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4308: 4304: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4001: 3997: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3858: 3854: 3837: 3833: 3829:, May 16, 2009. 3820: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3616: 3614: 3606: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3339: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3306: 3302: 3294:- Compare with 3287: 3285: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3227:The Emory Wheel 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3108: 3104: 3098:Leonard A. Cole 3095: 3091: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3023: 3016: 3005: 3001: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2960:(11): 993–999. 2944: 2940: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2824: 2820: 2775: 2771: 2726: 2722: 2699: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2663: 2662: 2651: 2614: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2508: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2462: 2460: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2416:Bureau of Mines 2403: 2367: 2365:CDC Departments 2340: 2296: 2291: 2289:Popular culture 2248: 2201: 2158: 2133:Delta Air Lines 2034: 2028: 2012: 2002: 1935: 1915: 1910: 1896: 1856:, particularly 1838: 1813: 1791: 1764: 1731: 1718: 1707: 1691: 1633: 1617: 1600: 1584: 1542: 1469:March 26, 2018 1452:March 26, 2018 1350:March 31, 2002 1243:David J. Sencer 1012: 1003: 987: 932: 923: 920: 824: 698:, as seen from 672: 599:Yersinia pestis 594:West Nile virus 590:Botulinum toxin 558:West Nile virus 505: 442: 381: 334: 329: 323: 212: 194: 162: 133: 131: 127: 124: 119: 116: 114: 112: 111: 110: 109:, Georgia, U.S. 90: 53:Agency overview 48: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9676: 9666: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9600: 9599: 9587: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9533: 9531: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9502: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9436: 9434: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9411: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9399: 9397:Forest Service 9394: 9389: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9353: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9328: 9322: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9277: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9219: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9200: 9193: 9186: 9179: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9156: 9155: 9148: 9141: 9133: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9099: 9092: 9085: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9070: 9064: 9055: 9053: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9045: 9039: 9032: 9030: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8986: 8984: 8983:Transportation 8980: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8935: 8933: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8869: 8867: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8843: 8841: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8763: 8748: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8725: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8700: 8688: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8495: 8494: 8493: 8488: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8459: 8457: 8450: 8445:Organizations, 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8358: 8353: 8352: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8312: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8234: 8228: 8226: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8201: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8156: 8154: 8151:Biological and 8148: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8117: 8112: 8110:Multimorbidity 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8061: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8047:Vector control 8044: 8039: 8034: 8032:School hygiene 8029: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8015:Sanitary sewer 8012: 8007: 8002: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7973:Patient safety 7970: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7866: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7656:Harm reduction 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7590: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7576: 7575: 7568: 7561: 7553: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7444:Biocontainment 7441: 7436: 7431: 7429:Anthrax hoaxes 7426: 7424:Agro-terrorism 7420: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7393:Staphylococcus 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7312: 7305: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7091: 7090: 7083: 7076: 7068: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7017: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6938: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6915: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6881: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6858: 6852:Xavier Becerra 6848: 6847: 6841:Headquarters: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6743: 6732: 6703: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691:External links 6689: 6688: 6687: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6582: 6556: 6530: 6500: 6469: 6448: 6422: 6400: 6374: 6348: 6335:"Publications" 6326: 6298: 6270: 6259:. May 12, 2021 6242: 6217: 6189: 6160: 6124: 6093: 6065: 6035: 6005: 5972: 5955: 5934: 5898: 5868: 5845: 5822: 5796: 5768: 5730: 5692: 5655: 5635: 5598: 5572: 5546: 5510: 5484: 5456: 5430: 5394: 5352: 5324: 5303: 5272: 5251: 5193: 5167: 5145: 5118: 5071: 5042: 5008: 4987: 4932: 4907: 4889:CDC Foundation 4875: 4857:CDC Foundation 4843: 4822:CDC Foundation 4804: 4771: 4745: 4715: 4689: 4663: 4644:(6): 765–773. 4627: 4605: 4583: 4565: 4540: 4518: 4488: 4474: 4452: 4430: 4394: 4376: 4354: 4343:. congress.gov 4329: 4302: 4289:Cohen, Bryan. 4282: 4260: 4246: 4228: 4223:wonder.cdc.gov 4210: 4188: 4166: 4140: 4103: 4081: 4059: 4023: 3995: 3977: 3951: 3948:. May 4, 2011. 3931: 3905: 3878: 3852: 3848:978-0765611352 3831: 3811: 3785: 3773: 3724: 3718:978-0199244737 3717: 3699: 3677: 3655: 3625: 3586: 3568: 3542: 3516: 3497: 3471: 3449: 3421: 3395: 3369: 3328: 3300: 3267: 3239: 3213: 3185: 3160: 3143:ScienceInsider 3129: 3102: 3089: 3054: 3048:978-0520910416 3047: 3014: 2999: 2981: 2938: 2920: 2879: 2844: 2818: 2789:(2): 125–162. 2769: 2740:(2): 206–215. 2720: 2703:Parassitologia 2690: 2649: 2628:(6): 549–551. 2603: 2592:. July 1, 2023 2577: 2552: 2530: 2510:Niesse, Mark. 2499: 2473: 2458:federalpay.org 2444: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2383:N95 respirator 2374: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2339: 2336: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2244: 2222:Mark Rosenberg 2218:Richard Besser 2200: 2197: 2177:Paul Alexander 2173:Michael Caputo 2157: 2154: 2027: 2024: 2011: 2008: 1934: 1931: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1884: 1837: 1834: 1812: 1811:CDC Foundation 1809: 1790: 1789:Vaccine safety 1787: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1763: 1760: 1730: 1727: 1706: 1703: 1690: 1687: 1632: 1629: 1616: 1613: 1611:, and others. 1599: 1596: 1583: 1582:Areas of focus 1580: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1530:July 10, 2023 1528: 1523: 1515: 1514: 1513:July 10, 2023 1511: 1508: 1502: 1494: 1493: 1492:June 30, 2023 1490: 1487: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1421: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1400: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1320: 1312: 1311: 1310:June 30, 1993 1308: 1307:March 1, 1990 1305: 1300: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1283:James O. Mason 1280: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1240: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1220: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1192: 1191: 1190:June 30, 1960 1188: 1185: 1180: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103:Mark D. Hollis 1100: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1038:that does not 1024:Chagas disease 1020:Triatomine sp. 1011: 1008: 1002: 999: 986: 983: 955:epidemiologist 931: 928: 919: 916: 912: 911: 896: 893: 892:; and Atlanta. 858: 823: 820: 815: 814: 813: 812: 811: 810: 809: 808: 800: 799: 798: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 767:Chief of Staff 762: 759: 756: 751: 746: 740: 737: 734: 729: 728: 727: 719: 671: 668: 531:An act of the 504: 503:Recent history 501: 487:It became the 441: 438: 333: 330: 322: 319: 227: 226: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 193: 192: 183: 173: 171: 167: 166: 165:billion (FY24) 159: 155: 154: 146: 142: 141: 104: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 89: 88: 85: 82: 79: 76: 73: 69: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 50: 49: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9675: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9598: 9588: 9586: 9585:United States 9576: 9575: 9572: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9457: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9404: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9346: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9315: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9296:Ocean Service 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9206: 9205: 9201: 9199: 9198: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9154: 9149: 9147: 9142: 9140: 9135: 9134: 9131: 9119: 9118: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9105: 9104: 9100: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9079: 9078: 9075: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9050: 9043: 9040: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8981: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8864: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8746: 8741: 8739: 8734: 8732: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8711: 8710: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8677: 8676: 8673: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8632:Joseph Lister 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8608: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8511:Health Canada 8509: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456:Organizations 8454: 8451: 8443: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8380: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8293:Vaccine trial 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8250: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8212: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8170:Relative risk 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8130:Health equity 8128: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8095:Health system 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8085:Global health 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8065:Biostatistics 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7807:Right to food 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7740:Mental health 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7688:Housing First 7686: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7676:Health system 7674: 7673: 7672: 7671:Health policy 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7580:Public health 7574: 7569: 7567: 7562: 7560: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7522: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7496: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7378:Salmonellosis 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7353:Marburg virus 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7089: 7084: 7082: 7077: 7075: 7070: 7069: 7066: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6820: 6818: 6813: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6802: 6796: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6710: 6706: 6684: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6632: 6628: 6619: 6618: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6473: 6458: 6452: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6410: 6404: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6336: 6330: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6302: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6246: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6193: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6128: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6100: 6098: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6058:September 14, 6054: 6053: 6047: 6039: 6028:September 14, 6024: 6023: 6017: 6009: 5998:September 14, 5994: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5938: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5902: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5811: 5807: 5800: 5784: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5742: 5734: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5696: 5685:September 19, 5681: 5677: 5673: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5628:September 18, 5624: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5609: 5602: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5514: 5499: 5495: 5488: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5398: 5390: 5384: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5356: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5307: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5155: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4815: 4808: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4776: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4738:September 12, 4733: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4677: 4673: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4615: 4609: 4593: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4528: 4522: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4484: 4478: 4462: 4456: 4440: 4434: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4364: 4358: 4347:September 17, 4339: 4333: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4298:archive.today 4295: 4292: 4286: 4270: 4264: 4256: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4198: 4192: 4176: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4091: 4085: 4069: 4063: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4012: 4011: 4006: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3935: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3871:September 13, 3867: 3866:MedPage Today 3863: 3856: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3799: 3795: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3692:September 27, 3687: 3681: 3670:September 27, 3665: 3659: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3590: 3579: 3572: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3459: 3453: 3438:. May 2, 2002 3437: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3021: 3019: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2709:(1–2): 1–89. 2708: 2704: 2697: 2695: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2566: 2562: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2470: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2445: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2411:prior to 1998 2408: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2349:Haddon Matrix 2347: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2207: 2196: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2102:Anthony Fauci 2099: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079:In May 2020, 2077: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1989:In 2013, the 1987: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1978:David Satcher 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1908:Controversies 1905: 1903: 1902: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1754:(PEPFAR) and 1753: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1729:Global health 1726: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1651:, August 2014 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1592: 1588: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1510:July 1, 2023 1509: 1506: 1505:Nirav D. Shah 1503: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1444:Anne Schuchat 1442: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1428:July 7, 2017 1427: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1411:July 7, 2017 1410: 1407: 1404: 1403:Anne Schuchat 1401: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1387:June 8, 2009 1386: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1367:June 3, 2002 1366: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1323:David Satcher 1321: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1230:January 1966 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1007: 998: 996: 992: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 927: 915: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 856: 852: 848: 844: 843: 842: 839: 837: 833: 829: 819: 807: 804: 803: 801: 796: 795: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 765: 763: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 741: 738: 735: 733: 730: 726: 723: 722: 720: 718: 715: 714: 712: 711: 710: 707: 701: 697: 692: 684: 676: 667: 663: 661: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 612: 607: 605: 601: 600: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 554:birth defects 551: 547: 543: 539: 534: 529: 527: 523: 518: 509: 500: 498: 494: 490: 485: 482: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 446: 437: 434: 430: 426: 422: 417: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 378: 376: 372: 368: 363: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 343: 339: 332:Establishment 328: 318: 316: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 260:public health 256: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 224: 219: 211: 207: 204: 201: 199:Parent agency 197: 189: 184: 180: 175: 174: 172: 168: 160: 158:Annual budget 156: 152: 147: 143: 138: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 86: 83: 80: 77: 74: 71: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 51: 44: 39: 33: 29: 22: 9444: 9202: 9195: 9188: 9181: 9174: 9162:involved in 9115: 9108: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9080: 9058: 8959:Enrico Leide 8954:Jimmy Carnes 8939:Ron Blomberg 8877: 8866:Institutions 8707: 8695: 8683: 8652:Radium Girls 8647:Typhoid Mary 8525: 8334:Microbiology 8204: 8196: 8080:Epidemiology 7978:Organization 7929:Oral hygiene 7919:Hand washing 7897:Healthy diet 7827:Right to sit 7720:Labor rights 7175: 7154:and response 7099:bioterrorism 6940: 6842: 6738: 6713: 6712: 6711:profile for 6709:organization 6708: 6656: 6650: 6630: 6601:December 22, 6599:. 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