1318:, inclusive: being a compilation of all acts of a general nature now in force, with full references to repealed acts, special and local legislation, and statutory constructions of the Supreme Court. To which are prefixed the Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, proclamations to the people of California, Constitution of the State of California, Act of Admission, and United States naturalization laws, with notes of California decisions thereon, Vol. I, H. H. BANCROFT AND COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, 1865.
322:. The state sought compensation from the United States federal government for the cost of the operations and for the "depredations" of the Indians, claims that would not be settled for decades. Often, a number of miners or other settlers, who were impatient at the bureaucratic delay or political opposition involved with organizing militia companies, organized themselves to violently engage local Indian tribes, at times murdering several of its members, indiscriminately.
1330:
25:
426:
practice of capturing and using Native people as forced workers. It also provided the basis for the enslavement and trafficking in Native
American Native labor, particularly that of young women and children, which was carried on as a legal business enterprise. Raids on villages were made to supply
651:. In the following years the U.S. military, or California Militia volunteer companies of citizens, began rounding up the Indians, driving them to the reservations and keeping them there by force. A Superintendent of Indian Affairs was appointed for California to oversee them.
1334:
393:. Federal troops replaced the volunteers between late 1865 and early 1866 and again engaged in military actions in the remote regions of the Mojave Desert, Owens Valley and the northeast of the state against the
792:
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102:
620:
1064:
95:
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established
November 16, 1855, "a strip of territory commencing at the Pacific Ocean and extending one mile in width on each side of the Klamath River, for a distance of 20 miles."
654:
U.S. Senate rejected the 18 treaties negotiated with
California native peoples on July 7, 1852 in a secret vote. For the next 50 years the documents remained classified. Also see
594:, and Barbour negotiated eighteen treaties with California native peoples at various ranches and army posts, mainly in southern and central California. (March 1851 - January 1852)
427:
the demand, the young women and children were carried off to be sold, the men and remaining people often being killed. This practice did much to destroy Native tribes during the
1370:
1023:
636:
1220:
Eugene L. Menefee and Fred A. Dodge, History of Tulare and Kings
Counties, California, Historic, Record Company, Los Angeles, California, 1913. CHAPTER II INDIAN WAR OF '56
771:
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Compiled laws of the State of
California: containing all the acts of the Legislature of a public and general nature, now in force, passed at the sessions of 1850-51-52-53
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in northeastern
California into the 1870s. Following the Civil War, most hostilities in California were over except for a few minor skirmishes in the
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925:(1862–1868), acted as a replacement for the flooded Klamath River Reservation and as a POW camp for the natives captured in the Bald Hills War.
854:(1858–1864) Involving first California Militia, then settler Volunteers, then U. S. Army forces, and finally California Volunteers against the
1355:
287:, became the state of California, to 1880 when the last minor military operation on the Colorado River ended the Calloway Affair of 1880.
655:
613:, the Trinity County sheriff. The massacre of this band was in response to the killing of Colonel John Anderson by another band of Wintu.
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1365:
736:, commenced a "war of extermination against the Indians", in retaliation for the murder of six settlers and the theft of some cattle.
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The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and
Confederate armies, Series I, Volume L
1243:
The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and
Confederate armies, Series I, Volume L
330:
1400:
1039:
559:. This was in retaliation for the killing of two Clear Lake settlers who had been enslaving and murdering the Pomo.
505:, leading a detachment of U. S. Army soldiers and State Militia and by the capture of Garra by the Cahuilla leader
276:
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The
California Military Museum; California and the Indian Wars, The Owens Valley Indian War, 1861–1865
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1158:, Benicia, S. Garfeilde, 1853. pp. 822-825 An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians
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1859 Yana attacked, rounded up and removed from their homeland by a state militia expedition.
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694:, an 1854 massacre of more than 65 Tolowa people by settlers of Klamath County, California.
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were a series of wars, battles, and massacres between the United States Army (or often the
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engaged in most of the early conflicts with the
Indians within its boundaries before the
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was spread out over that vast territory. Shortly afterward, the economic effects of the
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and engaged in many conflicts with the Indians in that region including in California,
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1865 Mill Creek Fight, 40 Yahi killed by settler posse following the Workman Massacre.
1270:
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463:. After the failure of California's 1850 Gila Expedition to quell the rising, Major
979:
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War between the U. S. Army and the Chemehuevi was averted following the murder of
437:
April to September 13, 1850. A costly failure by California Militia to punish the
310:
encouraged desertions that further weakened the garrisons within the territory of
1298:
960:
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men, women and children are killed by a party of white settlers at a village at
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Spring, 1859 Local settlers raise an expedition for two months against the
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988:
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405:
List of California Indian Wars, massacres, battles, skirmishes and events
370:
365:. Minor skirmishes occurred between local militias or volunteers and the
80:
1258:
Neither wolf nor dog: American Indians, environment, and agrarian change
1231:
California and the Indian Wars; The Tule River War by William Gorenfield
1186:
Neither wolf nor dog: American Indians, environment, and agrarian change
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1866 Three Knolls Massacre, 40 Yahi killed by settler posse, including
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419:
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311:
1202:, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 1993, 321 pages,
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Federal Peacekeeping fails, State inaction, Settler militia campaigns
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established in 1856. It was closed in 1866, its inhabitants moved to
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Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America in California
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Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America in California
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1850–1851, California State Militia against the Native Americans in
486:
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Territories. Within California they fought in the ongoing 1858-1864
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raids resulting in the killing of some miners and ranchers in the
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to drive out the Americans. It was put down in a campaign by Major
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August 15–22, 1861. Expedition from Fort Crook to the Pit River
795:: Local settler parties or Militia companies fought against the
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held off 675 men of the U.S. Army for 13 months. Major General
761:
580:
1316:
The general laws of the State of California, from 1850 to 1864
1048:
1867 Defeat of Chemehuevi at Rabbit Springs by a county posse.
846:
1871 Kingsley Cave Massacre, 30 Yahi killed by settler posse.
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70:
For the acts of massacres and forced abductions during the
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to be made from up to 25,000 acres of Public Domain lands.
544:
366:
843:
1867 Camp Seco Massacre, 45 Yahi killed by settler posse.
1371:
Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America
1173:. Lincoln and London: Univ. of Nebraska Press, (1974).
635:, the second superintendent, in 1854, established the
833:
1865 Silva Massacre, 30 Yahi killed by settler posse.
337:
State Volunteers replaced Federal troops west of the
1376:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
609:people were killed by about 70 American men led by
1391:19th-century military history of the United States
475:and making a peace with the Yuma in October 1852.
1342:
575:1850–1851, California State Militia against the
416:Act for the Government and Protection of Indians
279:. The wars lasted from 1850, immediately after
1288:, Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1902. pp 21-23
1245:, Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1902. pp 25-27
547:people killed by a U. S. Army detachment under
418:, April 22, 1850. Passed by the legislature of
718:, Klamath War or Red Cap War of 1855, against
275:, especially during the early 1850s), and the
825:August 19. Skirmish near Kellogg's Lake, Cal.
467:, led Federal troops against the Yuma in the
96:
1260:, Oxford University Press US, 1994. pp.85–88
627:was established by the first superintendent
656:California Indian Reservations and Cessions
521:Expedition to establish relations with the
197:Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859
1188:, Oxford University Press US, 1994, pg. 86
1051:Federal Cavalry patrol Mohave Desert from
793:Northeast California Indian Wars (1858–71)
760:of 1856. State Militia fought against the
110:
103:
89:
16:Series of battles and massacres, 1850–1880
617:Indian Appropriation Act of March 3, 1852
422:, it allowed settlers to continue to the
302:, the small Federal garrison west of the
1343:
1275:, The California State Military Museum
1038:during 1866 provoked retaliation by a
815:August 5, 1861. Skirmish in the Upper
1386:Native American history of California
1200:The Destruction of California Indians
1171:The destruction of California Indians
1106:was killed during a peace conference.
84:
1356:Indian wars of the American Old West
1094:, or Modoc Campaign (1872–1873): 53
497:tried to unite all of the tribes of
18:
716:Klamath and Salmon River Indian War
517:, April 28, to September 13, 1850.
445:, that nearly bankrupted the state.
13:
1308:
810:California's Pitt River Expedition
621:five Federal military reservations
220:California's Pitt River Expedition
14:
1412:
1322:
1067:March 12, 1867 U.S. Cavalry from
917:1st California Volunteer Campaign
290:Following the acquisition of the
1366:Wars involving the United States
1328:
1075:raiders after their raid on the
1065:Skirmish at Rainy Springs Canyon
959:, Company K, attacked suspected
277:Indigenous peoples of California
211:Northeast California Indian Wars
23:
1292:
1278:
1381:Military history of California
1272:The Mendocino War of 1859–1860
1264:
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970:August 3–12, 1861. Scout from
732:(January 22, 1855). Whites in
605:April 23, 1852, more than 150
38:format but may read better as
1:
1141:
1024:Mojave Desert Indian Campaign
1010:Captain McLaughlin's Campaign
987:(1862–1865) War against the
637:Nome Lakee Indian Reservation
244:Mojave Desert Indian Campaign
1085:
965:Los Angeles - Salt Lake Road
786:
780:Second Pitt River Expedition
748:Mendocino Indian Reservation
672:by company of citizens from
625:Sebastian Indian Reservation
451:1850–1853, triggered by the
409:
207:Second Pitt River Expedition
192:Klamath and Salmon River War
7:
1124:
999:Lt. Colonel Evans Campaigns
515:First Pitt River Expedition
314:. Following statehood, the
296:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
10:
1417:
1055:and other posts along the
1046:Skirmish of Rabbit Springs
1012:(April 24 - July 31, 1863)
957:First Regiment of Dragoons
734:Klamath County, California
69:
1361:Wars fought in California
894:Native American peoples.
819:Valley with the Achomawi.
740:Klamath River Reservation
401:in the next two decades.
187:Sacramento River Massacre
122:
1401:Native American genocide
1032:San Bernardino Mountains
949:Bitter Spring Expedition
752:Round Valley Reservation
316:California State Militia
273:California State Militia
230:Bitter Spring Expedition
1110:Calloway Affair of 1880
985:Owens Valley Indian War
923:Smith River Reservation
730:Klamath River Massacres
649:Kings River Indian Farm
598:Land Claims Act of 1851
363:Owens Valley Indian War
252:Calloway Affair of 1880
235:Owens Valley Indian War
47:converting this article
941:1859–1860 against the
700:, August 17, 1854. 42
557:Upper Lake, California
541:Bloody Island Massacre
283:, acquired during the
269:California Indian Wars
182:Sutter Buttes Massacre
132:Bloody Island Massacre
114:California Indian Wars
1314:Theodore H. Hittell,
1040:San Bernardino County
799:and Achomawi people.
698:Kaibai Creek Massacre
619:. The Act authorized
603:Bridge Gulch Massacre
503:Samuel P. Heintzelman
465:Samuel P. Heintzelman
361:and in the 1862-1863
177:Kabyai Creek Massacre
157:Bridge Gulch Massacre
1337:at Wikimedia Commons
1136:American Indian Wars
989:Owens Valley Paiutes
953:James Henry Carleton
774:established in 1858.
563:El Dorado Indian War
543:, May 15, 1850, 200
429:California Gold Rush
308:California Gold Rush
300:Mexican–American War
285:Mexican–American War
137:El Dorado Indian War
1396:California genocide
1198:Heizer, Robert F.,
1131:California Genocide
1016:Owens Lake Massacre
1004:Keyesville Massacre
910:1860 Wiyot Massacre
664:, 1853 massacre of
499:Southern California
76:California Genocide
74:of California, see
1256:David Rich Lewis,
1184:David Rich Lewis,
1169:Heizer, Robert F.
1118:Blythe, California
1114:Oliver P. Calloway
1071:pursue and defeat
995:and their allies.
963:raiders along the
955:, with reinforced
766:San Joaquin Valley
668:at the village of
645:Fresno Indian Farm
551:, on an island in
327:American Civil War
320:American Civil War
49:, if appropriate.
1333:Media related to
1208:978-0-8032-7262-0
1116:near what is now
1073:Panamint Shoshone
1069:Fort Independence
1018:(January 6, 1865)
662:Yontoket Massacre
325:Later during the
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1006:(April 19, 1863)
980:Mendocino County
764:in the southern
692:Achulet Massacre
682:Del Norte County
633:Thomas J. Henley
611:William H. Dixon
567:El Dorado County
533:(Hat Creek) and
455:'s abuse of the
443:Glanton Massacre
256:Round Valley War
167:Achulet Massacre
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45:You can help by
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339:Rocky Mountains
304:Rocky Mountains
298:that ended the
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1104:Edward Canby
1100:Captain Jack
1076:
1026:1866 - 1870
992:
976:Round Valley
706:Kabyai Creek
573:Mariposa War
507:Juan Antonio
479:Garra Revolt
453:Glanton Gang
385:against the
379:Owens Valley
324:
289:
268:
266:
147:Garra Revolt
142:Mariposa War
112:
56:
51:Editing help
33:
1057:Mojave Road
951:1860 Major
898:Wintoon War
581:Chowchillas
381:and in the
1345:Categories
1210:pp. 35–36.
1142:References
1028:Chemehuevi
972:Fort Crook
906:1859-1861
686:California
592:Wozencraft
553:Clear Lake
519:U. S. Army
424:Californio
420:California
391:Chemehuevi
351:New Mexico
331:California
312:California
72:settlement
1092:Modoc War
1086:1872–1880
1059:1868-1870
1053:Camp Cady
933:1863-1864
900:1858-1859
840:'s father
817:Pit River
787:1858–1871
708:, on the
670:Yontocket
577:Yosemites
527:Pit River
493:, led by
481:1851, by
473:Fort Yuma
410:1850–1858
248:Modoc War
240:Snake War
1125:See also
880:Tsnungwe
876:Sinkyone
531:Atsugewi
523:Achomawi
483:Cahuilla
449:Yuma War
441:for the
387:Timbisha
152:Yuma War
1042:posse.
888:Whilkut
884:Wailaki
872:Nongatl
868:Mattole
856:Chilula
631:. Col.
355:Arizona
294:in the
1206:
961:Paiute
860:Lassik
762:Yokuts
724:Karuks
720:Yuroks
647:; and
487:Cupeño
395:Snakes
375:Paiute
343:Nevada
335:Oregon
34:is in
1096:Modoc
978:, in
919:1862
892:Wiyot
680:(now
607:Wintu
588:McKee
555:near
535:Modoc
489:near
399:Modoc
40:prose
1204:ISBN
1034:and
993:Numa
943:Yuki
890:and
864:Hupa
838:Ishi
804:Yahi
797:Yana
782:1857
722:and
579:and
545:Pomo
485:and
457:Yuma
439:Yuma
389:and
373:and
371:Yana
367:Yahi
353:and
347:Utah
345:and
333:and
267:The
36:list
991:or
974:to
676:in
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